WO2003074835A1 - Rapid locking tubular coupling device - Google Patents
Rapid locking tubular coupling device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003074835A1 WO2003074835A1 PCT/AU2002/000247 AU0200247W WO03074835A1 WO 2003074835 A1 WO2003074835 A1 WO 2003074835A1 AU 0200247 W AU0200247 W AU 0200247W WO 03074835 A1 WO03074835 A1 WO 03074835A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coupling device
- shell assembly
- shell
- cylindrical members
- sleeve
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/046—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like with ribs, pins, or jaws, and complementary grooves or the like, e.g. bayonet catches
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/06—Joints with sleeve or socket with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe-ends
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/08—Joints with sleeve or socket with additional locking means
Abstract
A rapid locking tubular coupling device is provided connecting two abutting tubular elements (11, 12) (referred to hereinafter as pipes) which consists of four components as follows: 1) first coupling shell element (13), 2) second coupling shell element (14), 3) sliding sleeve (15), 4) setscrews (16) (or interference pins). Each pipe (11, 12) has two or three circumferential grooves (19) cut into the end of the pipe and extending into the pipe wall to a depth of 1/3 of the pipe wall thickness. Two shells (13, 14) are formed as semi-circular pieces, which have 4 or 6 protruding ridges (20) on their inner surfaces. These protruding ridges match the machined grooves (19) in the tubes (11, 12) such that when the two tubes are joined together, the shell elements (13, 14) will interface with grooves (19) on both pipes (11, 12). The outer surfaces of the shell elements (13, 14) are cut with a slight taper such that the diameter increases as you move from the bottom pipe (12) to the top pipe (11), and a sliding sleeve (15) with an internal taper matching the external taper of the first and second shell elements (13, 14) clamps the shell elements (13, 14) to the pipes (11, 12) and is held in place by setcrews (16).
Description
Rapid locking tubular coupling device Introduction
This invention relates to a coupling for the connection of tubes and in particular the invention provides a new device and method for connecting production tubulars particularly for oil and gas wells but also for water wells and other tubular assemblies. Background of the Invention
The traditional method of connection of tubulars in the oil and gas industry is by threaded connection which uses a pin (male threaded end) and box or coupling (female end) on each tubular section. This method requires the tubular sections to be correctly oriented prior to being lifted into position and requires relatively precise allignment to ensure that the threads engage cleanly without crossing, or being damaged, etc. Damaged threads whether as a result of mishandling during transport or through rough use result in delays when tubular sections will not mate easily. Further ,the mere time required to screw each pair of threads together is significant when multiplied by the number of sections are being feed down a bore, which is usually quite large. Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect the present invention consists in a coupling device for coupling abutting ends of two cylindrical, preferably tubular, members, the cylindrical members each being provided with external engagement means at their ends for engaging the coupling device and preventing axial movement of the coupling device relative to the respective cylindrical member, the coupling device comprising: i) a shell assembly which is substantially cylindrical internally with an internal diameter corresponding to an external diameter of the cylindrical members to be coupled, the shell assembly being split in the axial direction to allow the shell to be placed around the abutting ends of the cylindrical members, and having cooperating internal engagement means to cooperate with the external engagement means of the abutting ends of the cylindrical members; ii) a sleeve for locking the shell assembly over the abutting ends of the cylindrical members and having an internal shape cooperating with an external shape of the shell assembly to press the internal engagement means of the shell assembly into engagement with the external engagement means of the abutting cylindrical members; and
iii) engagable retaining means to retain the sleeve relative to the shell assembly.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the external engagement means on the respective ends of the cylindrical members are circumferential grooves cut into the ends of the cylindrical members. At least one such groove is provided at the end of each member but preferably 2 or 3 grooves are provided and possibly 4 or more. The internal engagement means of the shell assembly are preferably annular ridges or rows of projections having a profile which cooperates with the profile of the circumferential grooves such that the ridges or projections engage within the grooves when the shell assembly is placed around the abutting ends of the cylindrical members. In a less preferred alternative embodiment the grooves may be located internally in the shell assembly and the ridges or projections could be located on the external surfaces of the cylindrical members. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the shell assembly has a substantially cylindrical outer shape with a slight axial taper (which, in use is oriented with the larger diameter of the shell assembly at the upper end of the assembly). The sleeve is accordingly provided with a similar internal taper such that when the sleeve is pressed up over the shell assembly, the sleeve presses the shell assembly into tight engagement with the abutting ends of the cylindrical members and also presses the respective engagement means into tight engagement. In this regard the profiles of the projections and grooves forming the respective engagement means may also be tapered to make engagement firmer. The shell assembly could be formed as a single shell element which is hinged or flexible to allow it to open for application around abutting ends of the pair of cylindrical members, but is preferably in two pieces which are each approximately semicircular for ease of assembly around the abutting ends of the pair of cylindrical members. One of the semicircular shell elements, or possibly both, is preferably slightly less than a full semicircle such that when the shell elements are placed around the abutting ends of the cylindrical members, a gap is provided so that the elements can "grow" slightly in the circumferential direction as they are pressed against the cylindrical members by the sleeve. In the preferred embodiment the sleeve is retained relative to the shell assembly by one or more setscrews which are inserted through holes in the
sleeve and screwed into holes in the shell assembly. Alternatively the sleeve may be retained relative to the shell assembly by one or more pins which are inserted through holes in the sleeve and then into holes or slots provided for them in the shell assembly. In the case of pins there will be an interference fit between each pin and one or both of the respective holes in the sleeve and the shell assembly.
In a further embodiment of the invention the coupling device is used to simultaneously couple one or more pairs of auxiliary members running parallel to the cylindrical member. The auxiliary members may be of any cross section but are often rectangular or square. The auxiliary members are typically rectangular tubes and in the oil and gas industry are known as shunt tubes.
These auxiliary members are coupled via additional holes provided axially through the shell assembly. In the case of a two part shell assembly of the preferred embodiment the auxiliary members are coupled through one of the two shell elements which has a wider wall thickness at its apex and holes through the wall for the purpose in the axial direction of the members to be coupled.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows an axial view of a tubular and coupling according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a sectional side view through 'A-A' of the tubular and coupling of Figure 1 ; Figure 3 shows an axial view of a tubular and coupling according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 shows a sectional side view through 'B-B' of the tubular and coupling of Figure 3; and
Figure 5 shows an exploded perspective of the tubular and coupling of Figures 3 and 4.
Detailed Description of the Drawings
Referring firstly to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, a rapid locking tubular coupling device is illustrated in axial view (Figure 1) and sectional side elevation (Figure 2). The coupling is illustrated connecting two abutting tubular elements 11 , 12 (referred to hereinafter as pipes) and in the preferred embodiment consists of four components as follows:
1 ) first coupling shell element 13,
2) second coupling shell element 14,
3) sliding sleeve 15,
4) setscrews 16 (or interference pins). The coupling shell elements and sleeve are preferably formed in stainless steel (such as 316 grade stainless steel) or carbon steel when used in the oil and gas Industry but, depending on the specific application, may also be formed in other suitable materials such as fibre reinforced plastics materials.
Each pipe 11 , 12 has preferably two or three circumferencial grooves 19 cut into the end of the pipe and extending into the pipe wall to a depth of 1/3 of the pipe wall thickness. In the case of pipes used as s tubulars in an oil or gas well, the grooves will have a depth of 10mm approximately. Both ends of the pipe will have grooves of exactly the same size and position relative to the end of the pipe. The grooves may be relatively rectangular in profile but will preferrably have a slight tapering such tht the bottom of the grooves is slightly narrower than the width of the grooves at the surface of the pipe.
The first shell 13 is a semi-circular piece, which has 4 or 6 protruding ridges 20 on its inner surface. These protruding ridges match the machined grooves 19 in the tubes 11 , 12 such that when the two tubes are joined together, the shell element 13 will interface with grooves 19 on both pipes 11 ,
12. The outer surface of the shell element 13 is cut with a slight taper such that the diameter increases as you move from the bottom pipe 12 to the top pipe 11.
The second shell element 14 is very similar to the first shell element 13, with the exception that it is just short of a complete semi-circle. The second shell element 14 is placed on the opposite side of the pipes 11 , 12 to the first shell element 13 , enclosing the two tubes where the grooves 19 are cut, and preventing the tubes from moving axially apart from each other. The second shell element 14 also has the same taper as the first shell element 13.
The sliding sleeve 15 is a complete ring which is machined with an internal taper matching the external taper of the first and second shell elements
13, 14. The sliding sleeve 15 is positioned over the two shell elements 13, 14 by sliding in an upwards direction, from the bottom pipe 12 towards the top pipel 1 , having been placed over the bottom pipe 12 before the ends of t he two pipes were abutted. This sleeve 15 prevents the shell elements 13, 14 from moving radially outwardly from the two pipes 11 , 12 and locks the connection.
Finally, one or more setscrewslδ are placed through holes 17 in the sliding sleeve 15 and into preformed holes 18 in the shell element 13, 14 preventing the sleeve from moving when the pipes are pushed through a well bore. In an alternative the set screw(s) 16 may be replaced by interference pin(s) which are driven into holes 17, 18 in the sleeve 15 and shell element 13, 14.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in figures 3 to 5, a rapid locking tubular coupling device is proposed for connection of oil and gas tubulars for the alternate path technology or shunt technology. This technology also includes one, two or three rectangular tubes (two illustrated in Figures 3 & 4) 31 , 41 , which are connected to the oil and gas tubulars 11 , 12 along their length. These rectangular tubes 31 , 41 also need to be connected when the oil and gas tubulars 11 , 12 are connected by the coupling
The design of the second embodiment is essential the same as that described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2, with the exception that the second shell element 34 has an expanded wall thickness at its apex 37 in which ports 36, 46 are located whereby the rectangular tubes 32, 42 (see Figure 5 for tube 42) enter the shell element 34 on the bottom oil and gas tubular 12. The first shell element 33 in the embodiment of Figures 3, 4, and 5 is slightly different to that of the first embodiment, but otherwise the features of the first embodiment are essentially identical and are referred to by similar reference numerals in Figures 3, 4 & 5. The top oil and gas tubular 11 also has the corresponding rectangular tubes 31 , 41 in the same orientation as the bottom tubular 12, and these tubes 31 , 41 push into the top of the shell element 34, thus, connecting the rectangular tubes 31 and 32 and tubes 41 and 42.
While the rapid locking tubular coupling device of the present invention is designed for oil and gas tubulars, typically for production tubing, it is also envisaged that this design can be used in water well and other tubular assemblies with good effect. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
Claims
1. The coupling device for coupling abutting ends of two cylindrical members, the cylindrical members each being provided with external engagement means at their ends for engaging the coupling device and preventing axial movement of the coupling device relative to the respective cylindrical member, the coupling device comprising: i) a shell assembly which is substantially cylindrical internally with an internal diameter corresponding to an external diameter of the cylindrical members to be coupled, the shell assembly being split in the axial direction to allow the shell to be placed around the abutting ends of the cylindrical members, and having cooperating internal engagement means to cooperate with the external engagement means of the abutting ends of the cylindrical members; ii) a sleeve for locking the shell assembly over the abutting ends of the cylindrical members and having an internal shape cooperating with an external shape of the shell assembly to press the internal engagement means of the shell assembly into engagement with the external engagement means of the abutting cylindrical members; and iii) engagable retaining means to retain the sleeve relative to the shell assembly.
2. The coupling device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the external engagement means on the respective ends of the cylindrical members are circumferential grooves cut into the ends of the cylindrical members.
3. The coupling device as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one circumferential groove is provided at each end of each cylindrical member.
4. The coupling device as claimed in claim 3, wherein a plurality of circumferential grooves are cut into each of the ends of the cylindrical members.
5. The coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the internal engagement means of the shell assembly are annular ridges or rows of projections having a profile which cooperates with the profile of the circumferential groove or grooves such that the ridges or projections engage within the grooves when the shell assembly is placed around the abutting ends of the cylindrical members.
6. The coupling device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the external engagement means on the respective ends of the cylindrical members are circumferential ridges projecting from the cylindrical members at each end thereof.
7. The coupling device as claimed in claim 6, wherein at least one circumferential ridge is provided at each end of each member.
8. The coupling device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a plurality of circumferential ridges are provided at each of the ends of the cylindrical members.
9. The coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the internal engagement means of the shell assembly are annular grooves having a profile which cooperates with the profile of the circumferential ridges such that the grooves engage over the ridges when the shell assembly is placed around the abutting ends of the cylindrical members.
10. The coupling device as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the shell assembly has a substantially cylindrical outer shape with a slight axial taper which in use, is oriented with the larger diameter of the shell assembly at the upper end of the assembly.
11. The coupling device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the sleeve is provided with a cooperating internal taper such that when the sleeve is pressed up over the shell assembly, the sleeve presses the shell assembly into tight engagement with the abutting ends of the cylindrical members and also presses the respective engagement means into tight engagement.
12. The coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 5, 9, 10 or 11 , wherein the profiles of the cooperating ridges and grooves are tapered to make engagement firmer.
13. The coupling device as claimed in claim 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, wherein the shell assembly is formed as a single shell element which is hinged or flexible to allow it to open for application around abutting ends of the pair of cylindrical members.
14. The coupling device as claimed in claim 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, wherein the shell assembly is formed in two pieces which are each approximately semicircular.
15. The coupling device as claimed in claim 14, wherein at least one of the semicircular shell elements is slightly less than a full semicircle such that when the shell elements are placed around the abutting ends of the cylindrical members, a gap is provided to permit the elements to "grow" slightly in the circumferential direction as they are pressed against the cylindrical members by the sleeve.
16. The coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the coupling device is used to simultaneously couple one or more pairs of auxiliary
5 members running parallel to the cylindrical member.
17. The coupling device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the auxiliary members are coupled via additional holes provided axially through the shell assembly.
18. The coupling device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the auxiliary o members are rectangular or square.
19. The coupling device as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein the coupling device is used to simultaneously couple one or more pairs of auxiliary members running parallel to the cylindrical member, the auxiliary members being coupled via additional holes provided axially through one of the two shell elements5 which has a wider wall thickness at its apex than the other shell element, the additional holes extending through the wall in the axial direction of the members to be coupled.
20. The coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the sleeve is retained relative to the shell assembly by one or more setscrews0 which are inserted through holes in the sleeve and screwed into cooperating holes in the shell assembly.
21. The coupling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the sleeve is retained relative to the shell assembly by one or more pins which are inserted through holes in the sleeve and then into cooperating holes or slots5 provided for them in the shell assembly.
22. The coupling device as claimed in claim 21 , wherein interference fit is provided between each pin and one or both of the respective holes in the sleeve and the shell assembly.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002367736A AU2002367736A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2002-03-04 | Rapid locking tubular coupling device |
| AU31384/02A AU3138402A (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-03-04 | Rapid locking tubular coupling device |
| PCT/AU2002/000247 WO2003074835A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2002-03-04 | Rapid locking tubular coupling device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2002/000247 WO2003074835A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2002-03-04 | Rapid locking tubular coupling device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003074835A1 true WO2003074835A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 |
Family
ID=27768018
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2002/000247 WO2003074835A1 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-03-04 | Rapid locking tubular coupling device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2002367736A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003074835A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102278073A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-12-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Water injection pipe for marine water injection well |
| CN106677716A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-17 | 广西大学 | Detachable connecting drill rod |
| CN107322275A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-07 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | A kind of bushing device and assembling method of the piping being used for without guide roller and housing |
| CN108343383A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-31 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of dust cap and the expansion pipe column with dust cap |
| CN110985491A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-10 | 沈阳炳恒科技有限公司 | Prevent opening deformation and be convenient for metal tubular product of installation |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995031668A1 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-23 | Ajit Singh Gill | Rotatably locking pipe coupling assembly |
| RU2058472C1 (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1996-04-20 | Научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт геофизических исследований геологоразведочных скважин с опытным заводом геофизической аппаратуры | Electric separator of string of drill pipes |
| JPH09296886A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-18 | Nkk Corp | Pipe joint |
| EP0997678A1 (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-03 | gabo Systemtechnik GmbH | Coupling sleeve provided with locking means for pipes connection |
| US6092844A (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2000-07-25 | Lee; Do Yean | Pipe coupler |
-
2002
- 2002-03-04 WO PCT/AU2002/000247 patent/WO2003074835A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 AU AU2002367736A patent/AU2002367736A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2058472C1 (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1996-04-20 | Научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт геофизических исследований геологоразведочных скважин с опытным заводом геофизической аппаратуры | Electric separator of string of drill pipes |
| WO1995031668A1 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-23 | Ajit Singh Gill | Rotatably locking pipe coupling assembly |
| JPH09296886A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-18 | Nkk Corp | Pipe joint |
| US6092844A (en) * | 1998-08-14 | 2000-07-25 | Lee; Do Yean | Pipe coupler |
| EP0997678A1 (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-03 | gabo Systemtechnik GmbH | Coupling sleeve provided with locking means for pipes connection |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class H01, AN 1997-032711/03 * |
| DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q67, AN 1998-047769/05 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102278073A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-12-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Water injection pipe for marine water injection well |
| CN106677716A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-17 | 广西大学 | Detachable connecting drill rod |
| CN107322275A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-07 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | A kind of bushing device and assembling method of the piping being used for without guide roller and housing |
| CN107322275B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-08-20 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | It is a kind of for the piping of no guide roller and the bushing device of shell and assembling method |
| CN108343383A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-31 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of dust cap and the expansion pipe column with dust cap |
| CN110985491A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-04-10 | 沈阳炳恒科技有限公司 | Prevent opening deformation and be convenient for metal tubular product of installation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2002367736A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
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