WO2003064128A1 - Method of obtaining slabs of petrous materials comprising two layers of materials having different aesthetic qualities and the slabs thus obtained - Google Patents

Method of obtaining slabs of petrous materials comprising two layers of materials having different aesthetic qualities and the slabs thus obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003064128A1
WO2003064128A1 PCT/ES2003/000029 ES0300029W WO03064128A1 WO 2003064128 A1 WO2003064128 A1 WO 2003064128A1 ES 0300029 W ES0300029 W ES 0300029W WO 03064128 A1 WO03064128 A1 WO 03064128A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pieces
obtaining
stone material
materials
blocks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2003/000029
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco MAÑEZ BELLOT
Original Assignee
Esteve & Mañez Marmoles, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Esteve & Mañez Marmoles, S.A. filed Critical Esteve & Mañez Marmoles, S.A.
Publication of WO2003064128A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003064128A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/144—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of marble or other natural stone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/005—Cutting sheet laminae in planes between faces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for obtaining stone material plates, preferably marble, formed by two layers of the same material but of different aesthetic quality and to the stone material plates obtained by said method.
  • platelets of stone materials such as, in particular, marble are highly valued materials in the construction industry for coating and / or surface screaming.
  • the present invention proposes new plates of stone materials consisting of two layers, one of them, the one intended for the exposed face, of the stone material currently used for its high aesthetic quality, and the other, the one intended to serve as a support, of materials currently discarded for not having the required aesthetic quality, even having acceptable physical and chemical properties.
  • mixed blocks are formed by gluing, alternatively, pieces of different aesthetic quality, one on top of the other, in a horizontal position, even optionally interposing reinforcement materials.
  • these mixed blocks are turned to position them properly for a new cutting process that constitutes the fifth step in which pieces formed by two layers of stone material of different aesthetic quality are obtained;
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the process object of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows the main transformations that the starting material undergoes until reaching the final product according to the process object of the present invention.
  • the process object of the present invention consists of the six steps that we will describe next in reference to Figures 1 and 2.
  • the raw material are blocks of stone material of good aesthetic quality, which we will call hereinafter clear material, and blocks of stone material of lower aesthetic quality, which we will call from now on dark material.
  • step (a) the blocks of light material and dark material obtained in the quarry are subjected to a treatment to obtain a block 50 of light material and a block 51 of dark material of exactly equal dimensions.
  • This treatment can be carried out in a machine used for block squaring as well as for the manufacture of special parts.
  • blocks 50 and 51 are cut into several pieces of light and dark material 60, 61, respectively, of exactly equal dimensions.
  • modified wagons are used that have square structures that allow the correct and identical placement of the blocks.
  • the cutting machine has a series of steel strips with diamond pads that, by means of a longitudinal and alternative forward and reverse movement, converts the block into a series of pieces of the desired dimensions.
  • step (c) pieces 60 and 61 are glued to obtain two mixed blocks 70 of equal dimensions and formed alternately by dark material and light material.
  • the pieces are glued as follows:
  • a piece of clear material embedded in a square-shaped support is placed.
  • a reinforcement material is applied on it.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - A piece of dark material embedded in the support is placed and optionally a reinforcement material and a glue are applied on it to receive the next piece of light material.
  • the bonding process will be repeated by alternately placing pieces of dark material and light material to form the mixed block of the desired dimensions.
  • the reinforcing material is fiberglass of the following characteristics: R 58 A101 Square dimensions 3.5 x 4.2.
  • the glue a mixture of an epoxy resin with a molecular weight ⁇ 700 with an inducer consisting of a modified aliphatic / cycloaliphatic polyamine mixture in a ratio of 100/30, respectively, is used.
  • the mixed blocks 70 are dried keeping them for one to four days at room temperature or subjecting them for eight hours in a closed place at a temperature between 30-40 degrees Celsius.
  • step (d) the mixed blocks 70 are turned on a turning device so that the pieces that form them are in the same situation as they were before step (c).
  • step (e) the blocks 70 are cut into pieces 80 formed by a layer of light material and another of dark material, for which purpose the cutting machine is arranged so that the steel strips pass through the desired intermediate positions of the pieces of light material and dark material
  • step (f) the drying, reinforcement (optional) and polishing of the pieces 80 are carried out.
  • the drying of the pieces 80 is carried out by passing them, for example, through a drying line consisting of a hermetically sealed floor oven, in which the pieces remain for an approximate time between 30 and 150 minutes, at a temperature between 25 and 45 degrees Celsius
  • the reinforcement process basically consists in increasing its resistance, avoiding breakages in the subsequent treatments, by pouring a glue on the face of dark material of the piece or, if additional reinforcement is desired, after placing a layer of a material on it reinforcement In a preferred embodiment they are used as glue and as a material of the materials mentioned in step (c).
  • the pieces are preheated in air ovens, at an approximate temperature between 30 - 40 degrees Celsius and after leaving them, the fiberglass and resin are always applied to the face of low quality dark material that acts High quality clear material support. Once the fiberglass is spread over the piece, the resin mixture is prepared, pouring it into the center of the surface and spreading it on the surface with the help of either hand tools or automatic cab.
  • the pieces 80 are introduced to a drying line consisting of a tightly closed storage lung, which maintains the temperature between 30-40 degrees Celsius during a cycle that lasts approximately one hour and forty-five minutes , being prepared for the polishing process.
  • the process of polishing the pieces 80 pieces is a process that can be divided into three basic stages: roughing, resining and polishing.
  • the pieces 80 pass through the grinder, a machine designed to equalize the surface by means of rotating disk heads with abrasive parts, which have a translation and rotation movement exerting a contact pressure with the marble surface . Then the pieces go through hot air ovens for drying at a temperature between 30-40 degrees Celsius, in order to dry the possible water that may be in the microcracks of the piece and then allow a better penetration of the resins .
  • the resin operation consists in the application of a mixture of unsaturated polyester resin with styrene and MEC peroxide, in a ratio of 100/2, over the entire surface of clear material. respectively, and plasticizer with
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) pigments (dye) to fill in small cracks, flush or holes that the pieces may present 80.
  • the pieces 80 pass through a drying line consisting of a tightly closed storage lung where the pieces 80 are kept at a temperature between 20 and 70 degrees Celsius.
  • the polishers have several heads with rotational movement and translation to which abrasives are incorporated that act by friction on the board. At the end of the polishing process the pieces are ready and ready for commercialization.
  • the final product obtained is therefore reinforced stone plates 90 formed by two layers of stone material, for example marble or granite, of similar physical and chemical properties but of different aesthetic quality that serves to produce platelets for coatings or floors whose face will be, logically, , the one with the highest aesthetic quality.
  • Another advantage of the process is that it is possible to double the production of final material for a given quantity of high quality material, by reducing its proportion by approximately 50%.
  • Another advantage is that a final product of greater resistance is obtained since material is reinforced on more than one occasion. In this way the possible microcracks that the virgin material may present are completely sealed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of obtaining slabs of petrous materials, such as marble or granite, which are formed by two layers of materials having different aesthetic qualities. The inventive method comprises the following steps: (a) two blocks of petrous material are formed which have different aesthetic qualities but identical dimensions; (b) said blocks are cut to produce equal pieces; (c) mixed blocks are formed by using a suitable product to affix pieces of said two materials, horizontally and alternately, one on top of the other and, optionally, said pieces are reinforced; (d) the mixed blocks are overturned such that the pieces formed by said blocks remain in the same position as at the end of step b; the mixed blocks are cut to produce pieces that are formed by two layers of petrous material having different aesthetic qualities; and (f) the aforementioned pieces are dried, smoothed and, optionally, reinforced. The invention also relates to the slabs obtained using said method.

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE PLACAS DE MATERIALES PÉTREOS FORMADAS POR DOS CAPAS DE MATERIAL DE DISTINTA CALIDAD ESTÉTICA Y PLACAS OBTENIDAS MEDIANTE EL PROCEDIMIENTO.PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING PLATES OF STONE MATERIALS FORMED BY TWO LAYERS OF MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT AESTHETIC QUALITY AND PLATES OBTAINED THROUGH THE PROCEDURE.
Campo de la invenciónField of the Invention
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para obtener placas de materiales pétreos, preferentemente de mármol, formadas por dos capas del mismo material pero de distinta calidad estética y a las placas de materiales pétreos obtenidas mediante dicho procedimiento.The present invention relates to a process for obtaining stone material plates, preferably marble, formed by two layers of the same material but of different aesthetic quality and to the stone material plates obtained by said method.
Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention
Como es bien sabido, las plaquetas de materiales pétreos como, en particular, el mármol son materiales altamente valorados en la industria de la construcción para el revestimiento y/o solado de superficies.As is well known, platelets of stone materials such as, in particular, marble are highly valued materials in the construction industry for coating and / or surface screaming.
Para satisfacer esa necesidad se utilizan actualmente en el sector de las piedras naturales diversos procedimientos de preparación de placas de mármol ú otros materiales similares a partir de las cuales se cortan las plaquetas utilizadas en el revestimiento y/o solado de superficie.To satisfy this need, various methods of preparing marble slabs or other similar materials are currently used in the field of natural stones from which the platelets used in the coating and / or surface screed are cut.
Esos procedimientos incluyen diversos tratamientos para transformar los bloques iniciales obtenidos en las canteras en placas de las dimensiones deseadas. Con los procedimientos actuales solo se utilizan aquellos bloques iniciales cuya calidad estética se adecúa a la demanda del mercado y consiguientemente los demás bloques no resultan aprovechables debiendo retirarse a una escombrera, pese a tener idénticas propiedades físicas y químicas. Ello supone que la industria de la piedra natural tenga un gran impacto ambiental. Por su parte, la fragilidad de las piedras naturales, y en particular del mármol, limita su utilización, por lo que la técnica ha propuesto distintasThese procedures include various treatments to transform the initial blocks obtained in the quarries into plates of the desired dimensions. With the current procedures, only those initial blocks are used whose aesthetic quality is adapted to market demand and consequently the other blocks are not usable and must be removed to a dump, despite having identical physical and chemical properties. This means that the natural stone industry has a great environmental impact. For its part, the fragility of natural stones, and in particular marble, limits their use, so the technique has proposed different
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) soluciones para lograr unas placas de mármol reforzadas con unas propiedades mecánicas apropiadas para emplearse como materiales de revestimiento.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) solutions to achieve reinforced marble plates with appropriate mechanical properties to be used as cladding materials.
En razón del material de refuerzo empleado, esas propuestas pueden clasificarse en dos grupos: las que utilizan hormigones o morteros de cemento y las que utilizan materiales sintéticos tales como polímeros o fibras de vidrio.Due to the reinforcement material used, these proposals can be classified into two groups: those that use concrete or cement mortars and those that use synthetic materials such as polymers or glass fibers.
Entre las primeras puede citarse a las descritas en los Modelos de Utilidad españoles Nos. 224.358, 9500710 y la patente europea n° 0 566 084 y entre las segundas a las descritas en los Modelos de Utilidad españoles Nos. 231.413, 9401045, la patente europea n° 0 252434. Por su parte, respecto al procedimiento de fabricación de las placas de mármol reforzadas, la mayoría de esas propuestas utilizan el procedimiento descrito en la patente española n° 491.897 que consiste, muy sucintamente, en la aplicación del material de refuerzo a una banda de mármol por sus dos caras, en el corte de la banda por su mitad y en la realización de una serie de operaciones a dicha banda para finalmente obtener plaquetas con la dimensión deseada.Among the former, those described in Spanish Utility Models Nos. 224.358, 9500710 and European Patent No. 0 566 084 may be cited, and among the latter those described in Spanish Utility Models Nos. 231.413, 9401045, the European patent No. 0 252434. On the other hand, with respect to the manufacturing process of reinforced marble slabs, most of these proposals use the procedure described in Spanish Patent No. 491,897 which consists, very succinctly, in the application of the reinforcement material to a band of marble on its two sides, in the cut of the band in its half and in the performance of a series of operations to said band to finally obtain platelets with the desired dimension.
A pesar de que esas propuestas supusieron un avance respecto a las plaquetas formadas únicamente de mármol, presentan inconvenientes.Although these proposals were an advance with respect to platelets formed only of marble, they have drawbacks.
Entre ellos quizá los más relevantes son la complicación de las instalaciones de fabricación, especialmente cuando se utilizan hormigones y morteros de cemento como materiales de refuerzo y los derivados del distinto comportamiento resistente del material de refuerzo y el mármol que se traducen muy frecuentemente en el despegue de la capa de mármol.Among them, perhaps the most relevant are the complication of the manufacturing facilities, especially when concrete and cement mortars are used as reinforcement materials and those derived from the different resistant behavior of the reinforcement material and the marble that translate very frequently in the takeoff of the marble layer.
Sumario de la invenciónSummary of the invention
La presente invención propone unas nuevas placas de materiales pétreos constituidas por dos capas, una de ellas, la destinada a la cara vista, del material pétreo utilizado actualmente por su alta calidad estética, y la otra, la destinada a servir de soporte, de materiales desechados actualmente por no tener la calidad estética requerida, aún teniendo propiedades físicas y químicas aceptables.The present invention proposes new plates of stone materials consisting of two layers, one of them, the one intended for the exposed face, of the stone material currently used for its high aesthetic quality, and the other, the one intended to serve as a support, of materials currently discarded for not having the required aesthetic quality, even having acceptable physical and chemical properties.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) De esa manera, no solo se elimina un gran problema medio-ambiental, sino que se favorece el refuerzo de las placas de mármol.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In that way, not only is a great environmental problem eliminated, but the reinforcement of marble slabs is favored.
Según la invención, esos resultados se alcanzan mediante un mediante un procedimiento que incluye los siguientes pasos. En primer lugar se conforman parejas de bloques de idénticas dimensiones pero de distinta calidad estética.According to the invention, these results are achieved by means of a procedure that includes the following steps. First, pairs of blocks of identical dimensions but of different aesthetic quality are formed.
En segundo lugar se cortan los mencionados bloques obteniendo piezas de los dos tipos de materiales mencionados de iguales dimensiones.Secondly, the aforementioned blocks are cut, obtaining pieces of the two mentioned types of materials of equal dimensions.
En tercer lugar se conforman bloques mixtos pegando, alternativamente, piezas de distinta calidad estética, una sobre otra, en posición horizontal, incluso intercalando, opcionalmente, entre ellas materiales de refuerzo.Thirdly, mixed blocks are formed by gluing, alternatively, pieces of different aesthetic quality, one on top of the other, in a horizontal position, even optionally interposing reinforcement materials.
En cuarto lugar se voltean dichos bloques mixtos para posicionarlos apropiadamente para un nuevo proceso de cortado que constituye el quinto paso en el que se obtienen piezas formadas por dos capas de material pétreo de distinta calidad estética;Fourth, these mixed blocks are turned to position them properly for a new cutting process that constitutes the fifth step in which pieces formed by two layers of stone material of different aesthetic quality are obtained;
Finalmente, en sexto lugar, se realizan operaciones clásicas de secado y pulido y, adicionalmente, de refuerzo de la cara de soporte.Finally, in sixth place, classic drying and polishing operations and, additionally, reinforcement of the support face are performed.
El experto en la materia entenderá que cada una de las etapas mencionadas puede llevarse a cabo utilizando la misma maquinaria utilizada en los procedimientos tradicionales de obtención de placas de mármol.The person skilled in the art will understand that each of the mentioned steps can be carried out using the same machinery used in the traditional procedures for obtaining marble slabs.
Otras características y ventajas de la presente invención se desprenderán de la descripción detallada que sigue de una realización ilustrativa, y en ningún sentido limitativa, de su objeto en relación con los dibujos que se acompañan.Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of an illustrative, and in no way limiting, embodiment of its object in relation to the accompanying drawings.
Descripción de las figurasDescription of the figures
La Figura 1 muestra un diagrama de bloques del procedimiento objeto de la presente invención.Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the process object of the present invention.
La Figura 2 muestra esquemáticamente las principales transformaciones que sufre el material de partida hasta llegar al producto final según el procedimiento objeto de la presente invención.Figure 2 schematically shows the main transformations that the starting material undergoes until reaching the final product according to the process object of the present invention.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) Descripción detallada de la invenciónSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Detailed description of the invention
El procedimiento objeto de la presente invención consta de los seis pasos que describiremos seguidamente en referencia a las Figuras 1 y 2. La materia prima son bloques de material pétreo de buena calidad estética, al que llamaremos en adelante material claro, y bloques de material pétreo de menor calidad estética, al que llamaremos en adelante material oscuro.The process object of the present invention consists of the six steps that we will describe next in reference to Figures 1 and 2. The raw material are blocks of stone material of good aesthetic quality, which we will call hereinafter clear material, and blocks of stone material of lower aesthetic quality, which we will call from now on dark material.
En el paso (a), no representado, los bloques de material claro y de material oscuro obtenidos en cantera son objeto de un tratamiento para obtener un bloque 50 de material claro y un bloque 51 de material oscuro de dimensiones exactamente iguales. Este tratamiento puede efectuarse en una máquina de las utilizadas para el escuadrado de bloques así como para la fabricación de piezas especiales. En el paso (b), los bloques 50 y 51 son cortados en varias piezas de material claro y oscuro 60, 61 , respectivamente, de dimensiones exactamente iguales. Para el transporte de los bloques 50 y 51 a la máquina de corte se utilizan unas vagonetas modificadas que disponen de unas estructuras a escuadra que permiten la correcta e idéntica colocación de los bloques. La máquina de corte dispone de una serie de flejes de acero con unas pastillas de diamante que, mediante un movimiento longitudinal y alternativo de avance y retroceso, va convirtiendo el bloque en una serie de piezas de las dimensiones deseadas.In step (a), not shown, the blocks of light material and dark material obtained in the quarry are subjected to a treatment to obtain a block 50 of light material and a block 51 of dark material of exactly equal dimensions. This treatment can be carried out in a machine used for block squaring as well as for the manufacture of special parts. In step (b), blocks 50 and 51 are cut into several pieces of light and dark material 60, 61, respectively, of exactly equal dimensions. For the transport of blocks 50 and 51 to the cutting machine, modified wagons are used that have square structures that allow the correct and identical placement of the blocks. The cutting machine has a series of steel strips with diamond pads that, by means of a longitudinal and alternative forward and reverse movement, converts the block into a series of pieces of the desired dimensions.
En el paso (c) se procede a pegar piezas 60 y 61 para obtener dos bloques mixtos 70 de iguales dimensiones y formados alternativamente por material oscuro y material claro.In step (c) pieces 60 and 61 are glued to obtain two mixed blocks 70 of equal dimensions and formed alternately by dark material and light material.
El pegado de piezas se realiza de la siguiente manera:The pieces are glued as follows:
- Se coloca una pieza de material claro encajada en un soporte con forma en escuadra. - Opcionalmente, se aplica sobre ella un material de refuerzo.- A piece of clear material embedded in a square-shaped support is placed. - Optionally, a reinforcement material is applied on it.
- Se aplica sobre la pieza de material claro un pegamento apropiado.- An appropriate glue is applied to the piece of clear material.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) - Se coloca una pieza de material oscuro encajada en el soporte y se aplican sobre ella, opcionalmente un material de refuerzo y un pegamento para recibir a la siguiente pieza de material claro.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - A piece of dark material embedded in the support is placed and optionally a reinforcement material and a glue are applied on it to receive the next piece of light material.
El proceso de pegado se repetirá colocando alternativamente piezas de material oscuro y de material claro hasta formar el bloque mixto de las dimensiones deseadas.The bonding process will be repeated by alternately placing pieces of dark material and light material to form the mixed block of the desired dimensions.
En una realización preferente de la invención, el material de refuerzo es fibra de vidrio de las siguientes características: R 58 A101 Dimensiones de cuadrado 3,5 x 4,2.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing material is fiberglass of the following characteristics: R 58 A101 Square dimensions 3.5 x 4.2.
En cuanto al pegamento, se utiliza una mezcla de una resina epoxi con un peso molecular < 700 con un indurente consistente en una mezcla poliamínica alifática/cicloalifática modificada en una proporción de 100 / 30, respectivamente. Después de las operaciones anteriores, se secan los bloques mixtos 70 manteniéndolos de uno a cuatro días a temperatura ambiente o sometiéndolos durante ocho horas en un lugar cerrado a una temperatura comprendida entre 30-40 grados centígrados.As for the glue, a mixture of an epoxy resin with a molecular weight <700 with an inducer consisting of a modified aliphatic / cycloaliphatic polyamine mixture in a ratio of 100/30, respectively, is used. After the above operations, the mixed blocks 70 are dried keeping them for one to four days at room temperature or subjecting them for eight hours in a closed place at a temperature between 30-40 degrees Celsius.
En el paso (d) se voltean los bloques mixtos 70 en un dispositivo volteador de manera que las piezas que los forman queden en la misma situación que estaban antes del paso (c).In step (d) the mixed blocks 70 are turned on a turning device so that the pieces that form them are in the same situation as they were before step (c).
En el paso (e) se llevan cortan los bloques 70 en piezas 80 formadas por una capa de material claro y otra de material oscuro, a cuyo efecto se dispone la máquina de corte de manera que los flejes de acero pasen por las posiciones intermedias deseadas de las piezas de material claro y de material oscuroIn step (e) the blocks 70 are cut into pieces 80 formed by a layer of light material and another of dark material, for which purpose the cutting machine is arranged so that the steel strips pass through the desired intermediate positions of the pieces of light material and dark material
Finalmente, en el paso (f), se procede al secado, refuerzo (opcional) y pulido de las piezas 80.Finally, in step (f), the drying, reinforcement (optional) and polishing of the pieces 80 are carried out.
El secado de las piezas 80 se realiza pasándolas, por ejemplo, por una línea de secado consistente en un horno de pisos herméticamente cerrado, en el que las piezas permanecen durante un tiempo aproximado entre 30 y 150 minutos, a una temperatura comprendida entre 25 y 45 grados centígrados.The drying of the pieces 80 is carried out by passing them, for example, through a drying line consisting of a hermetically sealed floor oven, in which the pieces remain for an approximate time between 30 and 150 minutes, at a temperature between 25 and 45 degrees Celsius
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) El proceso de reforzado consiste básicamente en incrementar su resistencia, evitando roturas en los tratamientos posteriores, mediante el vertido un pegamento sobre la cara de material oscuro de la pieza o, si se desea un refuerzo adicional, tras colocar sobre ella una capa de un material de refuerzo. En una realización preferente se usan como pegamento y como material de los materiales mencionados en el paso (c).SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The reinforcement process basically consists in increasing its resistance, avoiding breakages in the subsequent treatments, by pouring a glue on the face of dark material of the piece or, if additional reinforcement is desired, after placing a layer of a material on it reinforcement In a preferred embodiment they are used as glue and as a material of the materials mentioned in step (c).
La piezas son precalentadas en unos hornos de aire, a una temperatura aproximada entre 30 - 40 grados centígrados y tras salir de ellos se procede a la aplicación del fibra de vidrio y de la resina siempre en la cara de material oscuro de baja calidad que actúa de soporte del material claro de alta calidad. Una vez extendida la fibra de vidrio sobre la pieza, se prepara la mezcla de resina, vertiéndola en el centro de la superficie y extendiéndola sobre la misma con ayuda bien de utensilios manuales o bien en cabina automática.The pieces are preheated in air ovens, at an approximate temperature between 30 - 40 degrees Celsius and after leaving them, the fiberglass and resin are always applied to the face of low quality dark material that acts High quality clear material support. Once the fiberglass is spread over the piece, the resin mixture is prepared, pouring it into the center of the surface and spreading it on the surface with the help of either hand tools or automatic cab.
Tras el proceso de reforzado, se introducen las piezas 80 a una línea de secado que consiste en un pulmón de almacenamiento, herméticamente cerrado, que mantiene la temperatura entre 30 - 40 grados centígrados durante un ciclo que dura aproximadamente una hora y cuarenta y cinco minutos, quedando preparadas para el proceso de pulido.After the reinforcing process, the pieces 80 are introduced to a drying line consisting of a tightly closed storage lung, which maintains the temperature between 30-40 degrees Celsius during a cycle that lasts approximately one hour and forty-five minutes , being prepared for the polishing process.
El proceso de pulido de las piezas 80 piezas es un proceso que se puede dividir en tres etapas básicas: desbastado, resinado y pulido.The process of polishing the pieces 80 pieces is a process that can be divided into three basic stages: roughing, resining and polishing.
En primer lugar, las piezas 80 pasan a través de la desbastadora, máquina destinada a igualar la superficie por medio de cabezas de disco giratorio con piezas de abrasivos, que poseen un movimiento de traslación y rotación ejerciendo una presión de contacto con la superficie del mármol. A continuación las piezas pasan por unos hornos de aire caliente para su secado a una temperatura comprendida entre 30-40 grados centígrados, con la finalidad de secar el posible agua que pueda haber en microfisuras de la pieza y permitir posteriormente una mejor penetración de las resinas.First, the pieces 80 pass through the grinder, a machine designed to equalize the surface by means of rotating disk heads with abrasive parts, which have a translation and rotation movement exerting a contact pressure with the marble surface . Then the pieces go through hot air ovens for drying at a temperature between 30-40 degrees Celsius, in order to dry the possible water that may be in the microcracks of the piece and then allow a better penetration of the resins .
La operación de resinado consiste en la aplicación en toda la superficie de material claro de una mezcla de resina de poliéster insaturado con estireno y peróxido de MEC, en proporción de 100/2. respectivamente, y plastificante conThe resin operation consists in the application of a mixture of unsaturated polyester resin with styrene and MEC peroxide, in a ratio of 100/2, over the entire surface of clear material. respectively, and plasticizer with
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) pigmentos (tinte) para rellenar pequeñas grietas, rasas u orificios que puedan presentar las piezas 80.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) pigments (dye) to fill in small cracks, flush or holes that the pieces may present 80.
Seguidamente, las piezas 80 pasan por una línea de secado que consiste en un pulmón de almacenamiento, herméticamente cerrado donde se mantienen las piezas 80 a una temperatura comprendida entre 20 y 70 grados centígrados.Next, the pieces 80 pass through a drying line consisting of a tightly closed storage lung where the pieces 80 are kept at a temperature between 20 and 70 degrees Celsius.
Por último las piezas 80 pasan a las pulidoras donde se consiguen superficies lisas y brillantes. Las pulidoras disponen de varias cabezas con movimiento de rotación y traslación a las que se incorporan unos abrasivos que actúan por rozamiento sobre el tablero. Al finalizar el proceso de pulido las piezas quedan listas y preparadas para su comercialización.Finally the pieces 80 pass to the polishers where smooth and shiny surfaces are achieved. The polishers have several heads with rotational movement and translation to which abrasives are incorporated that act by friction on the board. At the end of the polishing process the pieces are ready and ready for commercialization.
El producto final obtenido son pues placas pétreas reforzadas 90 formadas por dos capas de material pétreo, por ejemplo mármol ó granito, de similares propiedades físicas y químicas pero de distinta calidad estética que sirve para producir plaquetas para revestimientos o solados cuya cara vista será, lógicamente, la de mayor calidad estética.The final product obtained is therefore reinforced stone plates 90 formed by two layers of stone material, for example marble or granite, of similar physical and chemical properties but of different aesthetic quality that serves to produce platelets for coatings or floors whose face will be, logically, , the one with the highest aesthetic quality.
Mediante este nuevo procedimiento se da utilidad a unos materiales que actualmente no se utilizan y se transportan a escombreras con lo que se reduce en un porcentaje muy alto, la cantidad de residuos generados en los procesos de extracción v elaboración de materiales pétreos y particularmente mármoles.Through this new procedure, some materials that are currently not used and are transported to dumps are used to reduce the amount of waste generated in the extraction and processing of stone materials and particularly marbles in a very high percentage.
La disminución de residuos se logra desde la extracción del material en la cantera ya que no se eliminan como sucede actualmente los materiales de baja calidad en cuanto a su aspecto visual ya que carecen de valor comercial, aunque tengan unas propiedades físicas y químicas similares a las de los materiales considerados de alta calidad por su aspecto visual.The reduction of waste is achieved from the extraction of the material in the quarry since they are not eliminated as currently happens the low quality materials in terms of their visual appearance since they lack commercial value, although they have similar physical and chemical properties to the of the materials considered high quality due to their visual appearance.
Otra ventaja del procedimiento es que se logra duplicar la producción de material final para una cantidad dada de material de alta calidad, al reducir su proporción en un 50% aproximadamente.Another advantage of the process is that it is possible to double the production of final material for a given quantity of high quality material, by reducing its proportion by approximately 50%.
Otra ventaja es que se obtiene un producto final de mayor resistencia puesto que se refuerza material en más de una ocasión. De este modo las posibles microfísuras que pueda presentar el material virgen quedan totalmente selladas.Another advantage is that a final product of greater resistance is obtained since material is reinforced on more than one occasion. In this way the possible microcracks that the virgin material may present are completely sealed.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) Aunque se ha descrito y representado una realización de la invención, es evidente que pueden introducirse en ella modificaciones comprendidas dentro del alcance de la misma, no debiendo considerarse limitado éste a dicha realización, sino al contenido de las reivindicaciones siguientes.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Although an embodiment of the invention has been described and represented, it is clear that modifications within the scope of the invention can be introduced therein, which should not be considered limited to said embodiment, but to the content of the following claims.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos, caracterizado porque incluye los siguientes pasos: (a) Conformación de bloques (50, 51) de material pétreo de distinta calidad estética e idénticas dimensiones;1.- Procedure for obtaining stone material plates, characterized in that it includes the following steps: (a) Formation of blocks (50, 51) of stone material of different aesthetic quality and identical dimensions;
(b) Cortado de los mencionados bloques (50, 51) obteniendo piezas (60, 61) de iguales dimensiones;(b) Cutting of the mentioned blocks (50, 51) obtaining pieces (60, 61) of equal dimensions;
(c) Conformación de bloques mixtos (70) pegando, alternativamente, con un producto apropiado piezas (60, 61) de los dos materiales mencionados, una sobre otra, en posición horizontal;(c) Formation of mixed blocks (70) by gluing, alternatively, with an appropriate product pieces (60, 61) of the two mentioned materials, one on top of the other, in a horizontal position;
(d) Volteado de los mencionados bloques mixtos (70) de manera que las piezas que los forman queden en la misma posición que tenían al final del paso (b); (e) Cortado de los mencionados bloques mixtos (70) obteniendo piezas(d) Turning of the mentioned mixed blocks (70) so that the pieces that form them are in the same position they had at the end of step (b); (e) Cutting of the mentioned mixed blocks (70) obtaining pieces
(80) formadas por dos capas de material pétreo de distinta calidad estética;(80) formed by two layers of stone material of different aesthetic quality;
(f) Secado y pulido de las mencionadas piezas (80) obteniendo placas(f) Drying and polishing the mentioned pieces (80) obtaining plates
(90) a partir de las cuales pueden prepararse plaquetas para revestimiento y/o solado de superficies. (90) from which platelets can be prepared for coating and / or surface screaming.
2.- Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el paso (c) incluye la incorporación de un material de refuerzo entre cada pieza.2. Procedure for obtaining stone material plates according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (c) includes the incorporation of a reinforcement material between each piece.
3.- Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos según las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, caracterizado porque el producto utilizado para pegar las piezas en el paso (c) es una mezcla en la proporción 100/30 de resina epoxi con peso molecular < 700 y un indurente consistente en una mezcla poliamínica alifática/cicloalifática modificada.3. Procedure for obtaining stone material plates according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the product used to glue the pieces in step (c) is a mixture in the 100/30 proportion of epoxy resin with molecular weight < 700 and an inducer consisting of a modified aliphatic / cycloaliphatic polyamine mixture.
4.- Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el paso (f) incluye un proceso de reforzado de la cara de menor calidad estética de la pieza (80) consistente en la aplicación de un material de refuerzo y de una resina.4. Procedure for obtaining stone material plates according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step (f) includes a process of reinforcing the face of lower aesthetic quality of the piece (80) consisting of the application of a reinforcement material and a resin.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
5. Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos según las reivindicaciones 2 ó 4, caracterizado porque el material de refuerzo es fibra de vidrio.5. Procedure for obtaining stone plates according to claims 2 or 4, characterized in that the reinforcing material is fiberglass.
6. Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque la resina utilizada es una mezcla de la resina mencionada en la reivindicación 2 con un plastificante con pigmento para igualar tonalidades.6. Procedure for obtaining stone material plates according to claim 4, characterized in that the resin used is a mixture of the resin mentioned in claim 2 with a plasticizer with pigment to match shades.
7. Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque el material pétreo de partida es mármol.7. Method for obtaining plates of stone materials according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the starting stone material is marble.
8. Procedimiento para la obtención de placas de materiales pétreos según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque el material pétreo de partida es granito.Method for obtaining stone material plates according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the starting stone material is granite.
9. Placa de material pétreo formada por dos capas de materiales pétreos de distinta calidad estética obtenida mediante el procedimiento objeto de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores.9. Stone material plate formed by two layers of stone materials of different aesthetic quality obtained by the method object of any of the preceding claims.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
PCT/ES2003/000029 2002-01-31 2003-01-22 Method of obtaining slabs of petrous materials comprising two layers of materials having different aesthetic qualities and the slabs thus obtained WO2003064128A1 (en)

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ES200200227A ES2197795B1 (en) 2002-01-31 2002-01-31 PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING PLATES OF PETREOS MATERIALS FORMED BY TWO LAYERS OF MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT AESTHETIC QUALITY AND PLATES OBTAINED THROUGH THE PROCEDURE.

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008015712A1 (en) 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Lucchini Rs S.P.A. Freight railway wheel with high braking capacity
WO2020130971A1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 Sicpa Turkey Ürün Güvenli̇ği̇ Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ System and method of mine identity

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IT1243600B (en) * 1990-03-29 1994-06-16 Marmi Formigari S P A Floor or wall tile with reinforcing elements to improve its resistance to breakage
EP0884152A1 (en) * 1997-06-12 1998-12-16 NTM Nuove Tecnologie Marmifere S.r.l. A slab of stone material with multiple layer paper and phenolic resin-based backing, and method for making slab
ES2157157A1 (en) * 1999-04-29 2001-08-01 Uralita Productos Y Servicios Procedure for obtaining and reinforcing thin natural stone sheets
ES2172435A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2002-09-16 Tino Stone Group S A Manufacturing procedure for a construction component equipped with a very thin marble shingle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1243600B (en) * 1990-03-29 1994-06-16 Marmi Formigari S P A Floor or wall tile with reinforcing elements to improve its resistance to breakage
EP0884152A1 (en) * 1997-06-12 1998-12-16 NTM Nuove Tecnologie Marmifere S.r.l. A slab of stone material with multiple layer paper and phenolic resin-based backing, and method for making slab
ES2157157A1 (en) * 1999-04-29 2001-08-01 Uralita Productos Y Servicios Procedure for obtaining and reinforcing thin natural stone sheets
ES2157808A1 (en) * 1999-04-29 2001-08-16 Uralita Productos Y Servicios Procedure for obtaining and reinforcing thin natural stone sheets
ES2172435A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2002-09-16 Tino Stone Group S A Manufacturing procedure for a construction component equipped with a very thin marble shingle

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008015712A1 (en) 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Lucchini Rs S.P.A. Freight railway wheel with high braking capacity
WO2020130971A1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 Sicpa Turkey Ürün Güvenli̇ği̇ Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ System and method of mine identity

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ES2197795A1 (en) 2004-01-01

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