WO2003058210A1 - Viscosimetre capillaire double pour fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens - Google Patents

Viscosimetre capillaire double pour fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003058210A1
WO2003058210A1 PCT/US2001/049402 US0149402W WO03058210A1 WO 2003058210 A1 WO2003058210 A1 WO 2003058210A1 US 0149402 W US0149402 W US 0149402W WO 03058210 A1 WO03058210 A1 WO 03058210A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
tubes
column
newtonian
viscosity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/049402
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth Kensey
William N. Hogenauer
John E. Nash
Harold E. Clupper
Sangho Kim
Young Cho
Peter Randolph Hazard Stark
Robert O. Pellizzari
Sergey Kruss
Original Assignee
Rheologics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheologics, Inc. filed Critical Rheologics, Inc.
Priority to AU2002248217A priority Critical patent/AU2002248217A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2001/049402 priority patent/WO2003058210A1/fr
Publication of WO2003058210A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003058210A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
    • G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02028—Determining haemodynamic parameters not otherwise provided for, e.g. cardiac contractility or left ventricular ejection fraction
    • A61B5/02035—Determining blood viscosity

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for measuring the viscosity of liquids, and more particularly, an apparatus and methods for measuring the viscosity of both Newtonian fluids and non-Newtonian fluids over a wide range of shears.
  • Viscometers currently available may be grouped into three broad categories: 1) capillary tube viscometers; 2) rotating viscometers; and 32) falling ball or needle viscometers. Most of these techniques yield viscosity measurements at a specified, constant shear rate; for measuring Newtonian fluids, i.e., fluids where the viscosity does not vary with shear rate, these techniques are satisfactory.
  • the Smythe '063 patent discloses an apparatus for measuring the viscosity of a blood sample based on the pressure detected in a conduit containing the blood sample.
  • the Kron '097 patent discloses a method and apparatus for determining the blood viscosity using a flowmeter, a pressure source and a pressure transducer.
  • the Philpot '538 patent discloses a method of determining blood viscosity by withdrawing blood from the vein at a constant pressure for a predetermined time period and from the volume of blood withdrawn.
  • the Philpot '363 patent discloses an apparatus for determining blood viscosity using a hollow needle, a means for withdrawing and collecting blood from the vein via the hollow needle, a negative pressure measuring device and a timing device.
  • the Ringrose '405 patent discloses a method for measuring the viscosity of blood by placing a sample of it on a support and directing a beam of light through the sample and then detecting the reflected light while vibrating the support at a given frequency and amplitude.
  • the Weber '632 patent discloses a method and apparatus for determining the fluidity of blood by drawing the blood through a capillary tube measuring cell into a reservoir and then returning the blood back through the tube at a constant flow velocity and with the pressure difference between the ends of the capillary tube being directly related to the blood viscosity.
  • the Gunn '830 patent discloses an apparatus for determining blood viscosity that utilizes a transparent hollow tube, a needle at one end, a plunger at the other end for creating a vacuum to extract a predetermined amount and an apertured weight member that is movable within the tube and is movable by gravity at a rate that is a function of the viscosity of the blood.
  • the Kiesewetter '239 patent discloses an apparatus for determining the flow shear stress of suspensions, principally blood, using a measuring chamber comprised of a passage configuration that simulates the natural microcirculation of capillary passages in a being.
  • the Kiesewetter '821 patent discloses another apparatus for determining the viscosity of fluids, particularly blood, that includes the use of two parallel branches of a flow loop in combination with a flow rate measuring device for measuring the flow in one of the branches for determining the blood viscosity.
  • the Kron '127 patent discloses an apparatus and method for determining blood viscosity of a blood sample over a wide range of shear rates.
  • the Merrill '577 patent discloses an apparatus and method for determining the blood viscosity of a blood sample using a hollow column in fluid communication with a chamber containing a porous bed and means for measuring the blood flow rate within the column.
  • the Hori '678 patent discloses a method for measurement of the viscosity change in blood by disposing a temperature sensor in the blood flow and stimulating the blood so as to cause a viscosity change.
  • the Esvan '415 patent discloses an apparatus that detects the change in viscosity of a blood sample based on the relative slip of a drive element and a driven element, which holds the blood sample, that are rotated.
  • the Taniguchi '529 patent discloses a method and apparatus for determining the viscosity of liquids, e.g., a blood sample, utilizing a pair of vertically-aligned tubes coupled together via fine tubes while using a pressure sensor to measure the change of an internal tube pressure with the passage of time and the change of flow rate of the blood.
  • the Bedingham '328 patent discloses an intravascular blood parameter sensing system that uses a catheter and probe having a plurality of sensors (e.g., an 0 2 sensor, C0 2 sensor, etc.) for measuring particular blood parameters in vivo.
  • the Schlain '398 patent discloses a intra-vessel method and apparatus for detecting undesirable wall effect on blood parameter sensors and for moving such sensors to reduce or eliminate the wall effect.
  • the Davis '440 patent discloses an apparatus for conducting a variety of assays that are responsive to a change in the viscosity of a sample fluid, e.g., blood.
  • Viscosity measuring devices and methods for fluids in general are well- known. See for example, U.S. Patent Nos.: 1 ,810,992 (Dallwitz-Wegner); 2,343,061 (Irany); 2,696,734 (Brunstrum et al.); 2,700,891 (Shafer); 2,934,944 (Eolkin); 3,071 ,961 (Heigl et al.); 3,116,630 (Piros); 3,137,161 (Lewis et al.); 3,138,950 (Welty et al.); 3,277,694 (Cannon et al.); 3,286,511 (Harkness); 3,435,665 (Tzentis); 3,520,179 (Reed); 3,604,247 (Gramain et al.); 3,666,999 (Moreland, Jr.
  • Hevimet 40 A device called the "Hevimet 40" has recently been advertised at www.hevimet.freeserve.co.uk.
  • the Hevimet 40 device is stated to be a whole blood and plasma viscometer that tracks the meniscus of a blood sample that falls due to gravity through a capillary. While the Hevimet 40 device may be generally suitable for some whole blood or blood plasma viscosity determinations, it appears to exhibit several significant drawbacks. For example, among other things, the Hevimet 40 device appears to require the use of anti-coagulants. Moreover, this device relies on the assumption that the circulatory characteristics of the blood sample are for a period of 3 hours the same as that for the patient's circulating blood. That assumption may not be completely valid.
  • U.S. patents disclose viscosity or flow measuring devices, or liquid level detecting devices using optical monitoring: U.S. Patent Nos. 3,908,441 (Virloget); 5,099,698 (Kath, et. al.); 5,333,497 (Br nd Dag A. et al.).
  • the Virloget '441 patent discloses a device for use in viscometer that detects the level of a liquid in a transparent tube using photodetection.
  • the Kath '698 patent discloses an apparatus for optically scanning a rotameter flow gauge and determining the position of a float therein.
  • the Br nd Dag A. '497 patent discloses a method and apparatus for continuous measurement of liquid flow velocity of two risers by a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor.
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • a statutory invention registration, H93 discloses an apparatus and method for measuring elongational viscosity of a test fluid using a movie or video camera to monitor a drop of the fluid under test.
  • non-Newtonian fluids e.g., circulating blood of a living being
  • low shear rates e.g., 0.1s "1
  • the apparatus comprises: a pair of tubes having respective ends coupled to a source of Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid and wherein each of the tubes comprises a respective capillary tube and wherein the capillary tubes have different lengths; a respective valve in each of the tubes for controlling the fluid flow from the fluid source; an analyzer, coupled to the valves, for controlling the valves to permit the flow of fluid into the pair of tubes whereupon the fluid in each of the pair of tubes assumes the same initial position with respect to a reference position.
  • the analyzer is arranged for operating the valves so that the position of the fluid in each of the tubes changes away from the same initial position.
  • the analyzer is also arranged for monitoring the fluid position change in each of the tubes and calculating the viscosity of the fluid based thereon.
  • an apparatus for monitoring the level of a plurality of columns of fluid in a respective plurality of transparent containers substantially simultaneously comprises: an optical source of light for each one of the plurality of columns of fluid and wherein each of the optical sources emits a respective light ray at its corresponding transparent container; and a single detector for detecting at least a portion of each respective light ray that impinges on the corresponding transparent container substantially simultaneously.
  • a method for effecting the viscosity measurement of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids over a range of shear rates comprising the steps of: (a) providing a pair of tubes each having an end coupled to a source of Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid and each tube comprising respective capillary tube portions and wherein each of the respective capillary tube portions have lengths different from each other and wherein each of the tubes comprise a valve; (b) activating the respective valves to generate a respective fluid flow from the source through each of the pair of tubes; (c) de-activating the respective valves to establish a same initial position of fluid in each of the tubes with respect to a reference position; (d) re-activating the respective valves so that the position of fluid in each of the tubes changes away from the same initial position; (e) monitoring the fluid position change in each of said tubes; and (f) calculating the viscosity of the fluid based thereon.
  • a method for monitoring the level of a plurality of columns of fluid in a respective plurality of transparent containers comprises the steps of: (a) directing a respective ray of light at its corresponding transparent container; and (b) detecting at least a portion of each of the respective light rays that impinges upon the transparent container and wherein the at least a portion of each of the respective light rays that are detected comprises that portion of the light rays that does not encounter any fluid in the transparent containers.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the dual capillary/dual riser (DRDC) viscometer
  • Fig.2 is a functional diagram of the DRDC viscometer during the viscosity test run
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of the DRDC viscometer showing the main body housing containing the fluid receptor positioned in the multi-source single sensor (MSSS), and the analyzer/output portion;
  • MSSS multi-source single sensor
  • Fig. 4 is a partial cut-away side view of the DRDC viscometer of Fig. 3, showing the fluid receptor positioned in the MSSS;
  • Fig. 4A is an exploded isometric view of one of the clamps of the MSSS that holds a riser tube;
  • Fig. 5 is a functional diagram of how the MSSS detects the column heights of the two riser tubes
  • Fig. 6 is a block diagram for the DRDC viscometer which detects the movement of the column of fluid in each of the riser tubes using various types of sensors;
  • Figs. 7A - 7B together constitute a flow chart of the operation of the DRDC viscometer
  • Fig.8 depicts a graphical representation of the respective columns of fluid in the riser tubes of the DRDC viscometer versus time during the viscosity test run;
  • Figs. 9A - 9B together constitute a flow chart of the operation of the DRDC viscometer when a transfer fluid is used in each of the riser tubes;
  • Figs.10A-10C comprise a functional view of the valve positions of the DRDC viscometer when a transfer fluid is used in the riser tubes;
  • Fig. 11A depicts a graphical representation of the viscosity of a non- Newtonian test fluid, e.g., a living being's circulating blood, plotted for a range of shear rates obtained from the present invention.
  • a non- Newtonian test fluid e.g., a living being's circulating blood
  • Fig. 11 B depicts a graphical representation of the logarithm of the viscosity of a non-Newtonian test fluid, e.g., a living being's circulating blood, plotted against the logarithm of shear rates obtained from the present invention.
  • a non-Newtonian test fluid e.g., a living being's circulating blood
  • the present invention discloses an apparatus and method for determining the viscosity of Newtonian fluids (e.g., water, plasma, etc.) as well as non-Newtonian fluids (blood).
  • the apparatus and method of the present invention can be coupled to a static source (e.g., a sample or specimen) or a dynamic source (e.g., the circulating blood of a living being) of either of these types of fluids.
  • a static source e.g., a sample or specimen
  • a dynamic source e.g., the circulating blood of a living being
  • the fluid source is the circulating fluid of the living being (e.g., a vein, if blood/plasma viscosity is to be determined), as shown in U.S. Patent No.
  • the apparatus and method as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,019,735 are generally preferable.
  • cuffing the living being, or other suitable means may be used with that apparatus and method.
  • the dual riser/dual capillary (DRDC) viscometer 920 basically comprises a fluid receptor 922 and an analyzer/output portion 924.
  • the fluid source 10 is coupled to the DRDC viscometer 920 through a fluid conveyor 16 (e.g., where the viscosity of a biological fluid such as blood is to be determined, the fluid conveyor 16 may comprise a needle, an IV needle, an in-dwelling catheter, etc., or any equivalent structure that can convey circulating blood from a patient 10 to the DRDC viscometer 920).
  • the analyzer/output portion 924 provides a display 28 for presenting the viscosity information, as well as other information to the operator.
  • the analyzer/output portion 924 may also provide this information to other suitable output means 30, such as a datalogger 32, other computer(s) 34, a printer 36, a plotter 38, remote computers/storage 40, to the Internet 42 or to other on-line services 44.
  • the fluid receptor 922 basically comprises a Y-branch 923 for dividing the input fluid flow into two paths 925A/925B comprising respective capillaries, C1 and C2, of known dimensions.
  • the diameters of the capillaries C1/C2 are similar (e.g., 0.8mm inside diameter) but each comprises different lengths; it should be understood that the diameters of the capillaries C1 and C2 could also be different.
  • the diameters of the capillary tubes C1 and C2 are selected to ensure that the friction losses in the tubes are dominant losses in the paths 925A 925B.
  • the output of the capillaries C1 and C2 are coupled to respective valves, V1 and V2.
  • the output of the valves V1/V2 are coupled to the input of respective riser tubes R1 and R2.
  • Each of the riser tubes R1 and R2 are preferably the same dimensions (e.g., 12 inch long, 2 mm inside diameter).
  • the valves V1 and V2 allow for control of the respective flow paths 925A/925B prior to the viscosity test run.
  • the upper ends of the riser tubes R1 and R2 are open to ambient air.
  • the analyzer/output portion 924 basically comprises a multi-source single sensor (MSSS) 953, a processor 58, the display 28, a bar code reader 78, and a first battery B1 and a second back-up battery B2.
  • the MSSS 953 basically comprises an interrogation portion 954 (e.g., a laser/collimator, as will be discussed later) and a detection portion 956 (e.g., a CCD sensor), as shown most clearly in Fig.2; the MSSS 953 monitors the respective fluid column levels 982 and 984 in the riser tubes R1/R2 that is used for generating the height vs. time data, as will also be described later. All of this data is passed to the processor 58.
  • an interrogation portion 954 e.g., a laser/collimator, as will be discussed later
  • a detection portion 956 e.g., a CCD sensor
  • the processor 58 (e.g., a "386" microprocessor or greater, or any equivalent) is arranged to analyze the data from the MSSS 953 and calculate the fluid viscosity therefrom, as will also be discussed in detail later. Furthermore, the processor 58 also controls the display 28 for providing the viscosity information and the other information to the operator as well as to the other output means 30. The processor 58 also controls the valves V1A 2 based on the data from the MSSS 953, as will be discussed later. Battery B1 provides all of the requisite power to the analyzer/output portion 924, with battery B2 serving as a back-up power supply. The bar code reader 78 will be described later.
  • the preferred embodiment of the DRDC viscometer 920 comprises the display 28 located above a main body housing 960.
  • the housing 960 is releasably secured to a frame, e.g., a conventional intravenous (IV) pole 48, while the display 28 is positioned in an inclined orientation; this facilitates user operation and viewing of the display 28.
  • IV intravenous
  • the fluid receptor 922 and the analyzer/output portion 924 are located within the housing 960.
  • a door 976 is provided to the housing 960 for gaining access to the fluid receptor 922 and analyzer/output portion 924.
  • a release hatch 967 in the bottom of the housing 960 permits the fluid receptor 922 to be replaced.
  • the Y-branch 923, capillaries C1/C2, valves V1 A 2 and riser tubes R1/R2 are disposable as an assembly.
  • the fluid receptor assembly 922 is releasably secured between the interrogation portion 954 of the MSSS 953 and the detection portion 956 of the MSSS 953.
  • FIG. 4A depicts one of these clamps, namely clamp 979A, it being understood that a similar clamp structure forms the clamp 979B.
  • the fluid receptor assembly 922 can be drawn downward and out of the open release hatch 967.
  • a new fluid receptor assembly 922 is then inserted into the MSSS 953 and the clamping process and is reversed and the electrical connectors 975 coupled to the respective valves.
  • the DRDC viscometer 920 is then ready for a new viscosity test run.
  • the components (the Y-branch 923, capillaries C1/C2, valves V1/V2 and risertubes R1/R2) can be thoroughly washed and cleaned in place in preparation for the next viscosity test run.
  • the display 28 (Fig. 3) of the analyzer/output portion 924 may comprise any suitable conventional devices, e.g., an ELD (electroluminescent display) or LCD (liquid crystal display) that permits the visualization of both text and graphics.
  • ELD electroluminescent display
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • the resolution of this display 28 is preferably 800 x 600 VGA or above.
  • the preferred embodiment utilizes a touch screen display which incorporates, among other things: graphical display 61 instruction, and/or data, display 65 (which also includes the command line display shown.
  • any equivalent display device is within the broadest scope of the invention.
  • the invention 920 is not limited to the embodiment that is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the display 28 can be operated to minimize or maximize, or overlay any particular graphic or text screen, as is available in any conventional object-oriented operating system, such as Microsoft® WINDOWS.
  • the MSSS 953 comprises an interrogation portion 954 and a detection portion 956 for simultaneously monitoring the movement of the columns 982 and 984 in the riser tubes R1 and R2.
  • the interrogation portion 954 comprises a pair of lasers 950A/950B, a single collimating lens 951 and a single detector 955, e.g., a CCD array (Fig. 3) inside the detection portion 956, hence the phrase "multi-source, single sensor, since the sensor uses a single CCD sensor to collect data (multiple measurements) from multiple sources.
  • Fig.5 depicts the operation of the MSSS 953.
  • Each laser 950A and 950B emits a respective light beam 21 A and 21 B that is focused by a sheet collimator 951 toward a respective riser tube R1 and R2. If there is air in a respective riser tube, before emerging from the other side of the riser tube, the corresponding light beam is refracted four different times. The light angles are calculated such that the light beams hit the CCD array 955 when there is air in the riser tube.
  • the light beam is refracted away from the CCD array 955 and the light beam never hits the pixels of the CCD array 955.
  • the measurement is taken from one laser at a time, alternating at a speed almost equal to the refresh rate of the CCD array 955 pixels; in this manner, riser tube column heights of differing levels can be measured simultaneously. In fact, using this method, up to six riser tubes can be measured at a time.
  • the lasers 950A/950B and sheet collimator 951 form a "sheet” collimated, monochromatic source which illuminates each riser tube.
  • This "sheet” can be described as a plane of light in which none of the rays which makes up the plane converge or diverge.
  • the riser tube in general, has a well-defined geometry (in this case, cylindrical shell) that refracts the incoming light and deflects it towards the single detector 955 (the riser tube acts as a hollow cylindrical lens with a well-defined focal length) focal point. If the line of impingement on the riser tube is well known, the CCD sensor can be placed such that the refracted light will illuminate its surface resulting in a strong signal.
  • the fluid in the column has an index of refraction which greatly differs from the fluid with which the CCD sensor placement is calibrated (e.g., air is used as the calibrating fluid), the deflection of the impinging light is significantly altered and does not illuminate the relatively thin width of the CCD sensor 955.
  • Figs.3-4 depict an implementation of the MSSS 953 but it should be understood that the following components of this implementation are by way of example only and not by way of limitation.
  • Lasers 950A and 950B are 3.5 mW/5VDC TTL5-3.5G-670 laser diode modules manufactured by World Star Technologies of Ontario, Canada; furthermore, a line optics lens 957(LO-45, 16mm ID x 10mm in length, also manufactured by World Star Technologies) is coupled to each 3.5 mW/5VDC TTL5-3.5G-670 laser diode module for proper laser diode output.
  • the lasers 950A/950B are secured in a mounting bracket 959 that is in a sliding adjustable relationship with a base 961.
  • the lasers 950A/950B are aimed at the sheet collimator 951 which is secured in its own mounting bracket 963.
  • the sheet collimator 951 is a cylinder lens (PCX, H50157, 65mm width x 440mm length; the 440mm length is cut down to approximately 70mm) manufactured by Edmund Scientific Co.
  • the sheet collimator 951 /bracket 963 is secured to another mounting bracket 965 that is also in a sliding adjustable relationship with the base 961.
  • the riser tubes R1/R2 are positioned inside riser tube clamps 979A and 979B.
  • the CCD array 955 is implemented using a Dalsa CL-C8-6000A Turbosensor Camera which utilizes a Dalsa IL-C8-6000 sensor (pitch: 10mm x 10mm; aperture 6.0 cm x 10mm; maximum camera line rate 4.9 kHz; output format is 8-bit digital 2 channel).
  • the CL-C8-6000A is a high-speed line scan camera that can provide high speed digitized video signals.
  • the CL-C8-6000A utilizes conventional CCD acquisition software.
  • the CCD array 955 is positioned inside a housing 969 of the detection portion 956 which contains a window through which the collimated light beams enter.
  • the lasers 950A/950B alternate on/off with a 5V signal synchronized with the CCD array 955 so that the CCD array 955 always knows which laser's light beam is striking the array 955.
  • the processor 58 comprises a software routine that controls the alternate activation of the lasers 950A/950B at high speed and in synchronization with the CCD array 955.
  • the door 976 (which can be vertically or horizontally hinged to the housing 260) is provided to establish a darkened environment during the test run.
  • the door 976 also supports the bar code reader 78, mentioned earlier.
  • This bar code reader 78 automatically reads a bar code (not shown) that is provided on one of the riser tubes (e.g., R2).
  • the bar code contains all of the predetermined data regarding the characteristics of the capillary tubes C1/C2 (e.g., length and diameter) and the characteristics of the riser tubes R1 and R2. This information is passed to the processor 58 which is then used to determine the viscosity, as will be discussed in detail later.
  • the bar code reader 78 passes this information to the processor 58. It should be understood that the location (on the door 976) of the bar code reader 78 is exemplary only and that other locations within the unit are encompassed by the scope of the invention.
  • the batteries B1/B2 may comprise a 12VDC, 4 amp-hour batteries, or any equivalent power supply (e.g., batteries used in conventional lap-top computers such as lithium ion batteries).
  • the display 28 provides the status indicators 72A/72B for each battery in the DRDC viscometer 920.
  • the two battery indicators 72A/72B appear on the display 28.
  • the battery B1 indicator 72A disappears and the battery B2 indicator 72B blinks to warn the operator that the DRDC viscometer 920 is now operating off of the back-up battery B2 and re-charge of battery B1 is necessary.
  • d(Weight)/dt the change in weight of each column of fluid with respect to time using a weight detecting means for each column of fluid as the sensor; e.g., w ⁇ t) - w 2 (t);
  • d(Pressure)/dt the change in pressure of each column of fluid with respect to time using a pressure transducer located at the top of each column of fluid; e.g., p.,(t) - p 2 (t);
  • time of flight the length of time it takes an acoustic signal to be emitted from a sensor (e.g., ultrasonic) located above each column of fluid and to be reflected and return to the sensor; e.g., time of flight 1 (t) - time of flight 2 (t);
  • d(Volume)/dt the change in volume of each column of fluid with respect to time; e.g., V,(t) - V 2 (t); d(Position)/
  • the flow chart of Figs. 7A - 7B depict the operation of the DRDC viscometer 920.
  • the DRDC viscometer 920 is powered on whereby the DRDC 920 executes a self-test. If a disposable fluid receptor 922 is used, the assembly is installed, clamped and electrically connected to the valves V1 ⁇ /2 at this time. The bar code reader 78 then obtains all the pertinent fluid receptor 922 information and provides that data to the processor 58. Next, the valves V1 and V2 are closed and then the fluid source 10, at an elevated position above the DRDC viscometer 920, is coupled to the DRDC 920 via the fluid conveyor 16. The MSSS 953 is initialized. The DRDC 920 then indicates it is ready to the operator.
  • valves V1 and V2 are then opened and the MSSS 953 begins monitoring both riser tubes R1 and R2. Because of the different lengths of the capillary tubes C1/C2, the time of appearance of the fluid columns 982 and 984 will differ.
  • the MSSS 953 detects a first level in one of the riser tubes R1 or R2, the associated valve V1 or V2 is closed and the MSSS 953 monitors the other riser tube until the other fluid column appears, at which time the other associated valve is closed.
  • the pixel counting software in the MSSS 953 is then reset in order to prepare for the viscosity test run.
  • both valves V1 and V2 are opened and the MSSS 953 begins monitoring both columns 982/984 as they rise. The height vs.
  • Fig. 8 time characteristic of the two fluid columns is depicted in Fig. 8.
  • the R1 pixel count and the R2 pixel count data is generated and then sent to the processor 58 where the data is fitted to generate the plot shown in Fig. 8 which is displayed on the screen 28 as both a graphic representation as well as numerical data, along with the time of the test.
  • the present invention 920 also can utilize an indicator or transfer fluid 29 (Figs 10A-10C, e.g., a liquid such as saline solution, alcohol, or any sterile water-type liquid) on the output of the valves V1 and V2 for "transferring" the motion of the test fluid from the fluid source 10; this is advantageous, for example, where the fluid source is a living being and the viscosity of the circulating blood of the living being is being determined.
  • the transfer fluid 29 the amount of circulating blood actually leaving the living being to be monitored is minimized.
  • Figs. 9A-9B depict the operation flowchart where a transfer fluid 29 is utilized.
  • valves V1 and V2 are controlled, as set forth in the flowchart of Figs. 9A-9B and as depicted in Figs. 10A-10C.
  • Detectors D1 and D2 e.g., optical sensors, color detector, proximity sensors, etc. monitor a respective valve to determine when the test fluid has entered the respective valve V1/V2, at which time the processor 58 is informed and the appropriate valve movement is taken in accordance with Figs. 10A-10C.
  • d(Weight)/dt the change in weight of each column of transfer fluid with respect to time using a weight detecting means for each column of transfer fluid as the sensor; e.g., w.,(t) - w 2 (t);
  • d(Pressure)/dt the change in pressure of each column of transfer fluid with respect to time using a pressure transducer located at the top of each column of transfer fluid; e.g., p.,(t) - p 2 (t);
  • time of flight the length of time it takes an acoustic signal to be emitted from a sensor (e.g., ultrasonic) located above each column of transfer fluid and to be reflected and return to the sensor; e.g., time of flight, ⁇ ) - time of flight 2 (t);
  • d(Volume)/dt the change in volume of each column of transfer fluid with respect to time; e.g., V 1 (t) - V 2 (t); d
  • test fluid viscosity The determination of the test fluid viscosity is determined in accordance with the following:
  • the capillary and riser tube velocities may be written in terms of the measured quantities:
  • V a ⁇ c) dt
  • ⁇ R , ⁇ c riser tube R1/R2 and capillary tube C1/C2 diameters, respectively.
  • the Hagen-Poiseuille flow velocity profile may be used for a Newtonian fluid to derive the following relationship for the capillary pressure loss as a function of capillary geometry, fluid viscosity and flow rate:
  • shear rate, ⁇ is related to the capillary flow rate by
  • the above equation may be used to calculate the fluid viscosity at any time during the test.
  • the data reduction procedure adopted is as follows:
  • Fig. 11 A depicts a graphical representation of the viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid, e.g., the circulating blood of a living being, versus a range of shear rates and Fig. 11 B depicts a logarithmic depiction of the viscosity versus shear rate. It should be understood that the curves depicted in those graphs are identical mathematically and that the DRDC viscometer 920 disclosed above ensures greater accuracy than existing technology.
  • MSSS 953 has many other applications outside the viscosity determination art and that its use is not limited to viscosity determinations.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé de mesure de la viscosité de fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens sur une gamme de taux de cisaillement, en particulier de faibles taux de cisaillement, par surveillance de deux colonnes montantes de fluide passant par des capillaires correspondants de différente longueur. L'invention concerne, de plus, un dispositif de surveillance de colonne spécialisé dans lequel sont utilisés de multiples sources d'interrogation (par exemple des lasers) et un seul détecteur (par exemple un réseau à transfert de charge) pour surveiller de manière continue les deux colonnes de fluide de façon sensiblement simultanée. Ce système comprend, en particulier, un raccord en Y formant deux passages de flux, chaque passage de flux comprenant un tube contenant un tube montant, un tube capillaire aux dimensions prédéterminées et une soupape dans chacun de ceux-ci afin de régler le débit du fluide dans chaque passage. Le dispositif de surveillance de colonne spécialisé surveille le mouvement de colonne du fluide dans chacun des tubes montants et un microprocesseur associé analyse ces mouvements, ainsi que les dimensions prédéterminées des tubes capillaires et des tubes montants pour déterminer la viscosité du fluide.
PCT/US2001/049402 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Viscosimetre capillaire double pour fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens WO2003058210A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002248217A AU2002248217A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Dual capillary viscometer for newtonian and non-newtonian fluids
PCT/US2001/049402 WO2003058210A1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Viscosimetre capillaire double pour fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2001/049402 WO2003058210A1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Viscosimetre capillaire double pour fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003058210A1 true WO2003058210A1 (fr) 2003-07-17

Family

ID=21743141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/049402 WO2003058210A1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Viscosimetre capillaire double pour fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002248217A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003058210A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2494097A (en) * 2011-03-18 2013-03-06 Univ College Cork Nat Univ Ie Nanoscale viscometer device
CN104931636A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-23 上海通微分析技术有限公司 基于ccd的紫外毛细管柱上检测仪
CN106896037A (zh) * 2015-12-19 2017-06-27 西安瑞联新材料股份有限公司 一种系统的毛细管粘度计自动测定装置
WO2018204615A1 (fr) 2017-05-04 2018-11-08 University Of Connecticut Ensemble pour mesurer la viscosité de fluides à l'aide de microcanaux

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908441A (en) * 1972-06-02 1975-09-30 Instr De Controle Et D Analyse Level detecting device
US4554821A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-11-26 Holger Kiesewetter Apparatus for determining the viscosity of fluids, in particular blood plasma
EP0541501A1 (fr) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 Metron As Procédé et dispositif de mesure continue de la vitesse d'un courant de liquide
WO2001036936A1 (fr) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-25 Rheologics, Inc. Viscosimetre a double tube montant/capillaire unique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908441A (en) * 1972-06-02 1975-09-30 Instr De Controle Et D Analyse Level detecting device
US4554821A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-11-26 Holger Kiesewetter Apparatus for determining the viscosity of fluids, in particular blood plasma
EP0541501A1 (fr) * 1991-11-05 1993-05-12 Metron As Procédé et dispositif de mesure continue de la vitesse d'un courant de liquide
WO2001036936A1 (fr) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-25 Rheologics, Inc. Viscosimetre a double tube montant/capillaire unique

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2494097A (en) * 2011-03-18 2013-03-06 Univ College Cork Nat Univ Ie Nanoscale viscometer device
CN104931636A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-23 上海通微分析技术有限公司 基于ccd的紫外毛细管柱上检测仪
CN106896037A (zh) * 2015-12-19 2017-06-27 西安瑞联新材料股份有限公司 一种系统的毛细管粘度计自动测定装置
WO2018204615A1 (fr) 2017-05-04 2018-11-08 University Of Connecticut Ensemble pour mesurer la viscosité de fluides à l'aide de microcanaux
EP3619517A4 (fr) * 2017-05-04 2020-11-11 University of Connecticut Ensemble pour mesurer la viscosité de fluides à l'aide de microcanaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002248217A1 (en) 2003-07-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6428488B1 (en) Dual riser/dual capillary viscometer for newtonian and non-newtonian fluids
CA2391178C (fr) Viscosimetre a double tube montant/capillaire unique
US6261244B1 (en) Viscosity measuring apparatus and method of use
US6322524B1 (en) Dual riser/single capillary viscometer
US6322525B1 (en) Method of analyzing data from a circulating blood viscometer for determining absolute and effective blood viscosity
WO2003058210A1 (fr) Viscosimetre capillaire double pour fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens
US20030158500A1 (en) Decreasing pressure differential viscometer
US6692437B2 (en) Method for determining the viscosity of an adulterated blood sample over plural shear rates
AU2004200837B2 (en) Dual riser/single capillary viscometer
MXPA00012806A (en) In-vivo determining the effects of a pharmaceutical on blood parameters
EP1029230B1 (fr) Instrument et procede pour mesurer la viscosite d'un liquide
MXPA00002073A (en) Viscosity measuring apparatus and method of use
KR20010071428A (ko) 생체내에서 혈액 파라미터에 대한 약물의 효과를 측정하는방법
CZ20004582A3 (cs) Stanovení účinků léčiva na krevní parametry v podmínkách in vivo

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP