WO2003048449A1 - Bleaching stage using xylanase with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or a combination thereof - Google Patents
Bleaching stage using xylanase with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or a combination thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003048449A1 WO2003048449A1 PCT/CA2002/001848 CA0201848W WO03048449A1 WO 2003048449 A1 WO2003048449 A1 WO 2003048449A1 CA 0201848 W CA0201848 W CA 0201848W WO 03048449 A1 WO03048449 A1 WO 03048449A1
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- xylanase
- hydrogen peroxide
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/16—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with per compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
- D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
- D21C9/1036—Use of compounds accelerating or improving the efficiency of the processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4439—Auxiliary devices
- G02B6/444—Systems or boxes with surplus lengths
- G02B6/4453—Cassettes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1057—Multistage, with compounds cited in more than one sub-group D21C9/10, D21C9/12, D21C9/16
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/12—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with halogens or halogen-containing compounds
- D21C9/14—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with halogens or halogen-containing compounds with ClO2 or chlorites
- D21C9/144—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with halogens or halogen-containing compounds with ClO2 or chlorites with ClO2/Cl2 and other bleaching agents in a multistage process
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/147—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with oxygen or its allotropic modifications
- D21C9/153—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor with oxygen or its allotropic modifications with ozone
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3897—Connectors fixed to housings, casing, frames or circuit boards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4439—Auxiliary devices
- G02B6/4471—Terminating devices ; Cable clamps
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods of bleaching pulp. More specifically the invention relates to methods of bleaching pulp using xylanase enzymes with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or or a combination thereof.
- bleached chemical pulp is a major industry around the world. More than 50 million tons of bleached pulp is produced annually.
- Bleached chemical pulp is the largest component of all types of white paper, including that used in photocopy paper, writing paper, and paper packaging.
- bleached chemical pulp is also used to impart strength to less expensive grades of paper, such as newsprint.
- Bleached chemical pulp has large markets because of its high degree of whiteness and cleanliness, the stability of the whiteness, its high strength, and the ease ?nd uniformity of the printing surface it provides. These attributes are obtained when lignin, which is colored and decreases the interfiber bonding of the cellulose, is almost completely removed from the pulp.
- the furnish (or feedstock) primarily consists of wood chips which are added to a reaction chamber, known as a digester, and are treated with chemicals to dissolve lignin in the pulp.
- a reaction chamber known as a digester
- chemical pulping processes Two of the major chemical pulping processes are kraft pulping, in which the pulp is cooked in alkaline liquor, and sulfite pulping, in which the pulp is cooked in acidic liquor. Both kraft pulping and sulfite pulping may be performed in batch or continuous digesters.
- One of the main purposes of the pulping process is to release lignin, which binds cellulose fibers in the feedstock. Pulping dissolves 85 % to 95 % of the Ugnin in the feedstock material. Following the pulping stage, the pulp is washed with water to remove dissolved lignin. While pulping removes most of the lignin in the feedstock material, it is not capable of removing all the lignin without destroying the cellulose fibers of the feedstock. The remaining lignin is removed from the pulp by bleaching.
- a pulp bleaching process may consist of many stages.
- a pulp bleaching process may comprise an alkaline oxygen delignification stage (O), an enzymatic treatment stage (X), one or more chlorine dioxide stages (D), and one or more alkaline extraction stages (E).
- a pulp bleaching process may also. comprise one or more water washes or alternatively, each stage may comprise a water wash as a final step of the stage.
- a representative pulp bleaching sequence in which pulp is bleached using three chlorine dioxide stages and two alkaline extraction stages may be represented as D-E-D-E-D.
- a pulp bleaching sequence wherem pulp is subjected to an alkaline oxygen delignification stage, an enzymatic treatment stage, three chlorine dioxide bleaching stages and two alkaline extraction stages wherein each stage is followed by a water wash may be represented by O-X-D- E-D-E-D.
- alkali-oxygen delignification stage It is common for mills to perform an alkali-oxygen delignification stage prior to carrying out chemical bleaching of pulp. This process consists of reacting the pulp with oxygen and alkali at high temperatures (approximatelylOO 0 C) for a period of about one hour. Alkali-oxygen delignification reduces the amount of lignin in the pulp by 35-50%, but this process is harsh on the pulp and is often accompanied by destruction of some of the cellulose fibers in the pulp if the extent of delignification is greater than 50%o. Following alkali-oxygen delignification, the pulp is washed as described earlier to remove solubilized lignin.
- the next bleaching stage after alkali-oxygen delignification is usually chemical bleaching with oxidative chemicals, the most prominent being chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ).
- oxidative chemicals the most prominent being chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ).
- ClO 2 chlorine dioxide
- processes have been described which may bleach, facilitate bleaching, or enhance bleaching of pulp prior to bleaching with ClO 2 . These include (1) the use of hydrogen peroxide and peracids, and (2) the use xylanase enzyme treatment.
- Hydrogen peroxide is a common bleaching chemical. When added to brownstock prior to the bleach plant, it offers the possibility of partially delignifying and/or brightening the pulp (Bleackley, 1991). However, beyond a certain low level of hydrogen peroxide, there is a significant possibility of damaging the fibers.
- Peracids are formed by reacting hydrogen peroxide with a corresponding acid, i.e. acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide yields peracetic acid.
- the advantage of converting the hydrogen peroxide to a peracid is that the peracid has a higher oxidation potential, and is therefore a more powerful bleaching agent than the hydrogen peroxide.
- Peracid in the form of peracetic acid (PAA) is in use as a bleaching chemical in several mills in Scandinavia.
- Performic acid (the Milox process) has been used in pilot plants, and peroxymonsulfuric acid, peroxonitric acid, and peroxophosphoric acid have been widely studied (Poppius-Levlin et al, 2000).
- the primary processes for making peracids include (1) combining hydrogen peroxide with organic acids such as acetic acid and formic acid to form a percarboxylic acid.
- the formula of peroxymonosulfuric acid is HO-SO 2 -OOH, which is known as Caro's acid.
- the activator that has received the most attention is Tetra-acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED).
- TAED Tetra-acetyl ethylene diamine
- Pulp bleaching can be carried out using relatively pure peracids or mixtures of two or more peracids.
- the peracids can be produced external to the bleaching stage and added to the pulp, or the reactant chemicals can be added to the pulp and the peracids generated in situ.
- One example of the external generation of peracids is the reaction of acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide to form peracetic acid, which is then purified by distillation.
- a second example of external generation of peracids is the reaction of potassium persulfate with hydrogen phthalate or sulfuric acid to produce peroxymonosulfate (available as Oxone ® from Du Pont), which is then added to the pulp (Springer and McSweeney, 1993).
- peracetic acid The in situ generation of peracetic acid has been considered for some time, and involves the addition of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, or hydrogen peroxide and acetic anhydride to the pulp.
- the peracetic acid is generated by the reaction of the peroxide and the acetic acid in the presence of the pulp (Christiansen et al., 1966).
- the choice of peracid and the process used to generate it depends on the cost of the chemicals and the effectiveness of bleaching.
- Xylanase enzymes are used to enhance the bleaching of pulp and to decrease the amount of chlorinated chemicals used in bleaching stages (Erickson, 1990; Paice et al., 1988; Po ⁇ rmier et al., 1989).
- a second proposed mechanism is that xylanase removes xylan thereby improving the alkali extractability of the pulp.
- xylanase treatment allows subsequent bleaching chemicals such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, or combinations of these chemicals to bleach pulp more efficiently than in the absence of xylanase.
- Pre-treatment of pulp with xylanase prior to chemical bleaching increases the whiteness and quality of the final paper product and reduces the amount of chlorine-based chemicals that must be used to bleach the ' pulp, This in turn decreases the chlorinated effluent produced by such processes.
- Xylanases have been isolated from a variety of organisms including bacteria and fungi. Generally, fungal xylanases exhibit optimal activity at acidic pHs, in the range of about 3.5 to 5.5, and a temperature of about 50° C. hi contrast, bacterial xylanases exhibit optimal activity at pH 5 to pH 7 and a temperature optimum between 50° C and 70° C. However, there are other xylanase enzymes that exhibit optimal activity under other conditions. For example, US 5,405,789 to Campbell et al., discloses construction of thermostable mutants of low molecular mass xylanase from Bacillus circulans.
- US 5,759,840 to Sung et al. discloses modification of a family 11 xylanase from Trichoderma reesei to improve thermopliilicity, alkalophilicity and thermostability as compared to the natural xylanase.
- US 5,916,795 to Fukunaga et al. discloses a thermostable xylanase from Bacillus.
- the next stage in a typical pulp bleaching process is usually bleaching with chlorine dioxide, chlorine or in some instances, a combination of chlorine dioxide and other oxidative bleaching agents.
- the first chlorine dioxide stage in a chemical bleaching process is often called the D 0 or D 100 stage.
- Subsequent chlorine dioxide bleaching stages are referred to as D D 2 and so on.
- the D 0 stage is the first chemical bleaching stage.
- the D 0 stage is usually carried out at pH 1.5 to 3.0.
- a stage is referred to as a Co stage.
- the pulp is washed with water, and alkaline extracted.
- Alkaline extraction is carried out by adjusting the pH of the pulp to 9.0 to 12.0 with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate at a temperature between 60° C to 120° C for a period of 30 to 90 minutes.
- the pulp is washed with water.
- the chlorine dioxide bleaching stage, wash and alkaline extraction is repeated until the pulp is suitably bleached. In most cases, two to three rounds of bleaching, alternating between chlorine dioxide stages and alkaline extraction stages, is required before the pulp is suitably bleached.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,645,686 discloses a process for bleaching a chemical paper pulp by means of a sequence of treatment stages involving at least one stage with hydrogen peroxide and at least one stage with a peroxyacid.
- the patent also discloses a xylanase treatment stage in addition to the pulp bleaching sequence. The patent does not suggest treating pulp with a simultaneous xylanase treatment stage and peroxyacid stage.
- the invention relates to methods of bleaching pulp. More specifically the invention relates to methods of bleaching pulp using xylanase, along with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or a combination thereof
- a method of bleaching chemical, pulp comprising a bleaching stage which comprises at least one xylanase enzyme and an oxidizing chemical, said oxidizing chemical comprising hydrogen peroxide, one or more peracids, or a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and one or more peracids.
- the bleaching stage of the invention may take place at a pH between about 5.0 and about 9.0.
- the present invention is also directed to the method as outlined above wherein the peracid is selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid, performic acid, peroxymonosulfuric acid, peroxymonophosphoric acid, peroxynitric acid, and a combination thereof.
- the peracid is peracetic acid, performic acid, or peroxymonosulfuric acid.
- the present invention also pertains to the method as defined above wherein the bleach stage is preceded by one or more alkaline oxygen delignification stages. Furthermore, the bleach stage may be preceded by an ozone-peracid treatment.
- the present invention also embraces the method as defined above wherein the bleach stage is followed by a bleaching sequence.
- the bleaching sequence may comprise a chlorine dioxide bleach sequence and/or an oxygen-peracid bleach sequence.
- the present invention also provides a method of reducing kappa number of a chemical pulp comprising: i) exposing the chemical pulp to a bleaching stage comprising at least one xylanase enzyme and at least one oxidizing chemical, the oxidizing chemical comprising hydrogen peroxide, one or more peracids, or a combination of hydrogen peroxide and one or more peracids, to produce a treated pulp; ii) washing the treated pulp; and iii) bleaching the treated pulp using chlorine dioxide, ozone, oxygen peracid, alkaline extraction, or a combination thereof;
- the present invention pertains to a method of reducing the amount of chlorine dioxide required during a bleaching sequence of a chemical pulp comprising: iv) "exposing the chemical pulp to a bleaching stage comprising at least one xylanase enzyme and at least one oxidizing chemical, the oxidizing chemical comprising hydrogen peroxide, one or more peracids, or a combination of hydrogen peroxide and one or more peracids, to produce a treated pulp; v) washing the treated pulp; and vi) bleaching the treated pulp using chlorine dioxide
- the present invention provides a method of bleaching a chemical pulp comprising: i) exposing the chemical pulp to a bleaching stage comprising at least one xylanase enzyme and peracetic acid, the bleaching stage at a pH between about 5.0 and about 9.0, and comprising 0.5 to about 5 kg/t pulp of peracetic acid, for about 20 to about 60 min at a temperature from about 40°C to about 70°C, and with a pulp consistency between about 4% to about 12%, to produce a treated pulp ii) washing the treated pulp; and iii) bleaching the treated pulp using a chlorine dioxide bleach sequence.
- the method of the invention is an improvement over the separate treatments of xylanase and peroxyacids.
- the method of the invention uses only one bleaching tower rather than two. Surprisingly, the presence of the hydrogen peroxide and peracids do not destroy the activity of the xylanase.
- the benefit that a mill obtains from the use of peracids with xylanase is greater than the benefit with peracids alone. This enables a mill to run a less costly bleaching operation, or to further decrease the usage of chlorine-containing bleaching chemicals.
- the pulp bleaching method may be performed in a mill as part of a larger pulp bleaching process.
- the chemical pulp may comprise kraft pulp, soda pulp or sulfite pulp.
- the first bleaching step may be preceded by an alkaline oxygen delignification stage.
- the xylanase may be selected from the group consisting of BioBriteTM EB or BioBriteTM UHB xylanases, which are commercially available from logen Corporation, wild-type Trichoderma reesei xylanase H, or any other xylanase(s) active at the conditions of the mild extraction stage.
- Figure 1 shows the effect of various bleaching treatments at either 60 ° C or 75 ° C on the final brightness of the pulp following a pulp bleaching sequence.
- Confrol ClO 2 freatment D
- peracetic acid treatment pH 6.5; 0
- peracetic acid treatment pH 9.8; ⁇
- xylanase ⁇
- xylanase and peracetic acid A
- Figure 2 shows the effect of various bleaching treatments at either 60 ° C or 75 ° C on the final brightness of the pulp following a pulp bleaching sequence.
- Control ClO 2 treatment ⁇
- peroxymonosulfuric acid freatment pH 5.5; M
- peroxymonosulfuric acid freatment pH 6.5; D
- peroxymonosulfuric acid treatment pH 9; •
- xylanase A
- xylanase and peroxymonosulfuric acid ⁇
- the invention relates to methods of bleaching pulp. More specifically the invention relates to methods of bleaching pulp using xylanase with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or a combination thereof.
- a method of bleaching chemical pulp comprismg a bleaching stage which comprises at least one xylanase enzyme and at least one oxidizing chemical, the oxidizing chemical comprising hydrogen peroxide, one or more peracids, or a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and one or more p er acids .
- chemical pulp any type of virgin fiber, secondary fiber, woody or nonwoody fiber, softwood, hardwood or a mixture thereof which has been treated by chemical pulping such as, but not limited to, kraft pulp, soda pulp or sulfite pulp and is subsequently in a form suitable for bleaching.
- chemical pulp comprises virgin fiber.
- Chemical pulp also includes kraft pulp, soda pulp or sulfite pulp that has been exposed to an alkali oxygen delignification stage prior to practicing the method of the present invention.
- the alkaline oxygen delignification stage may be followed with a water wash.
- Other conditions associated with the production of chemical pulp, including kraft and sulfite pulps are described in Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice, edited by Dence and Reeve, 1996 (which is herein incorporated by reference).
- bleaching it is meant contacting the pulp with one or more chemicals for a sufficient length of time and at the appropriate pH and temperature to effect a partial delignification and/or brightening of the pulp.
- chemicals that may be used for bleaching include but are not limited to ClO 2 , H 2 O 2 , peracids, NO 2 or other chemicals as would be known to one of skill in the art.
- bleaching stage is meant to convey the usual use of the term in the industry. This comprises a combination of piping, pumps, and chutes for conveying pulp from a washer to a bleach tower, the bleaching tower itself, and the piping, pumps, and chutes for conveying the pulp to the next washer for washing the solubilized chemicals out of the pulp.
- the bleaching stage of the present invention is preferably one of several bleaching stages in a mill.
- the bleaching stage as described herein may be preceded by one or more oxygen delignification stages. In this case, the bleaching stage as described herein may be placed at the end of a typical bleaching sequence, including, but not limited to, those using chlorine dioxide (CPPA Technical Section; Dence and Reeve, eds.
- the bleaching stage of the present invention may be carried out prior to a typical bleaching sequence.
- the bleaching stage as described herein is followed by one or more chemical bleaching stages, including, but not limited to, chlorine dioxide, ozone,, oxygen-peracid, alkaline extraction, or a combination thereof.
- the xylanase enzyme present in the bleaching stage can be any xylanase that is capable of hydrolyzing xylan and enhancing the bleaching of pulp under the conditions that may be used in the method of the present invention.
- the xylanase must be active at the pH and temperature of the stage, and be resistant to the oxidizing chemicals that are present.
- the xylanase dosage is preferably from about 0.5 to about 2.0 xylanase units per gram of pulp. Methods of measuring xylanase units are described in Example 2.
- alternate xylanase enzymes may be used that exhibit varied temperature and pH profiles. In this case, the desired temperature and pH ranges will depend upon the xylanase enzyme used.
- xylanase enzymes that may include, but. are not limited to, wild-type, thermostable and alkalostable xylanases as taught in US 5,405,789, which discloses mutants of low molecular mass from Bacillus circulans, and US Serial No. 60/213,803 (PCT/CA/01/00769; which is herein incorporated by reference), which discloses xylanases having increased thermophilicity and alkalophilicity relative to the wild-type Trichoderma xylanase, for example but not limited to HTX-18 xylanase (commercially available from logen Corporation), or wild-type Trichoderma reesei .
- xylanase II for example but not, limited to BioBriteTM (which is commercially available from logen Corporation), or modified T. reesei xylanase IL for example but not limited to EB xylanase (which is commercially available from logen Corporation).
- other xylanases may be useful in the method of the present invention including thermostable xylanases such as Caldocelliim saccharolyticum, Thermotoga maritima and Tl ermotoga sp. Strain FJSS-B.l (L ⁇ thi et al., 1990; Winterhalter and Leibl, 1995; Simpson et al, 1991; which are herein incorporated by reference).
- the method of the present invention further contemplates the use of xylanases derived from, but not limited to Trichoderma reesei xylanase I, Trichoderma viride xylanase, Streptomyces lividans xylanase B, Streptomyces lividans xylanase C, or other non-family 11 xylanases, for example, but not wishing to be limiting, Caldocellum saccharolyticum, Thermotoga maritima and Thermotoga sp. Strain FJSS-B.1.
- Genetically modified variants of xylanase also may be used in combination or alone in the enzyme treatment stages of the present invention provided they are capable of enhancing the bleaching of pulp, that is enhancing removal of lignin from pulp under the conditions of the subsequent bleaching stages. Genetically modified variants might have superior ability to act over a wider range of pH, temperature, or concenfration of oxidizing chemicals than the corresponding wild-type xylanase.
- the method of the present invention use one or more xylanases which lacks cellulolytic activity or is reduced in cellulolytic activity.
- the method of the present invention uses one or more xylanases that have reduced or impaired cellulase activity.
- oxidizing chemical refers to a chemical that has the capability of bleaching the pulp, that is, partially delignifying, brightening, or both partially delignifying and brightening, the pulp.
- the oxidizing chemical is present at an amount, pH, and temperature at which it can bleach the pulp.
- Non-limiting examples of oxidizing chemicals include hydrogen peroxide and peracids.
- the bleaching stage comprises xylanase and an oxidizing chemical for example, hydrogen peroxide.
- the hydrogen peroxide is may be present at a concentration of about 0.25 to about 10.0 kg/t pulp.
- the hydrogen peroxide may be from about 0.25 to about 5 kg/t pulp.
- hydrogen peroxide is ineffective at deligmfying and/or brightening the pulp. Above this concenfration, the hydrogen peroxide may damage the pulp.
- Hydrogen peroxide when used in the absence of peracids, is added to the pulp in a manner familiar to those skilled in the art.
- Agents such as magnesium sulfate and sodium silicate may be added with the hydrogen peroxide to stabilize it and/or protect the cellulose and thereby the strength of the pulp.
- the bleaching stage may comprise xylanase along with one or more peracids (also referred to as peroxyacids) as oxidizing chemicals.
- Peracids are formed when hydrogen peroxide is added to an organic acid or an inorganic acid.
- the bleaching stage of the present invention may use a single peracid or it may use a mixture of peracids.
- peracids that may be used in accordance with the present invention include peracetic acid, performic acid, peroxymonosulfuric acid, peroxymonophosphoric acid, peroxynitric acid, or a combination thereof.
- the one or more organic peracids can be, but is not limited to peracetic acid, performic acid or a combination thereof.
- Organic peracids may be present at a molar concentration of about twice to about ten times that of the hydrogen peroxide. More preferably, the one or more peracids is present from about 2 to about 5 times that of hydrogen peroxide. When used alone, the one of more peracids are present at about 0.5 to about 5 kg/t pulp.
- the peracid is an inorganic acid, then it is preferably peroxymonosulfuric acid, peroxynitric acid, peroxyphosphoric acid, or a combination thereof.
- the inorganic peracid is used at a molar concenfration that is about 1 to 3 times than of the hydrogen peroxide. Combinations of organic and inorganic peracids may also be used within the bleaching stage as described herein.
- the peracid can be made external to the bleach plant (for example as described in Spinger and McSweeney, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference) and added directly to the pulp. This may be done by pumping aqueous solutions of the chemicals onto the pulp, preferably without direct contact of the xylanase.
- the peracids can be generated in situ by adding hydrogen peroxide, and one or more acids, or other reactants, to the pulp and generating the peracids (for example as described in Christiansen et al, 1966, which is incorporated herein by reference).
- the pulp may already comprise xylanase, or the enzyme may be added after in situ generation of the one or more peracids.
- a peroxide activator for example but not limited to TAED (Tefra Acetyl Ethylene Diamine), may he reacted with hydrogen peroxide either before or during addition to the pulp (Turner and Mathews, 1998; which is. incorporated herein by reference).
- the resulting product contains peracetic acid with or without hydrogen peroxide.
- the bleaching stage comprises a mixture of xylanase along with hydrogen peroxide and peracids as oxidizing chemicals.
- the hydrogen peroxide may be present at a concenfration of about 0.25 to aboutl ⁇ .0 kg/t pulp, and the one or more peracids are present at a molar concentration from about two to about 10 times that of hydrogen peroxide, fri a non-limiting example, the hydrogen peroxide is present from about 1 to about 5 kg/t pulp, and the one or more peracids is an organic peracid and at a molar concentration of about 1 to about 5 times that of hydrogen peroxide.
- the bleaching stage may comprise xylanase and hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or both hydrogen peroxide and peracids, can be carried out at a pH of about 5.0 to about 9.0.
- the bleaching stage of the invention takes place at a pH of about 6.5 to 8.0.
- the bleaching stage as described herein may be carried out at a temperature of about 40°C to about 70° C, or from about 50°C to about 60°C, at a pulp consistency of about 4% to about 12%, and for a time of 20 to 60 minutes. However, longer treatment times maybe used if desired.
- the bleaching stage of the invention may comprise a water wash as a final step of the stage prior to the next step of bleaching the pulp.
- the bleaching stage of the present invention may be carried out before or after typical bleach sequences that include, but are not limited to, those using chlorine dioxide, ozone, alkaline extraction, oxygen-peracid freatment, or a combination thereof (see Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice, Chapter 4)
- the amount of lignin associated with pulp may be estimated by determining the kappa number of the pulp, which may be performed according to Example 1.
- the pulp bleaching method of the present invention enhances the brightness, or decreases the kappa number, of the pulp when compared to conventional pulp bleaching processes known in the art.
- By enhancing brightness (or decreasing kappa number) less chemical treatment of the pulp is required within the remainder of the bleaching sequence, resulting in a saving to the cost of bleaching, and the release of chemicals within the environment.
- the amount of ClO 2 required to bleach a pulp sample may be reduced by about 3.9% when peracetic acid is used within a bleaching stage, and the amount of ClO 2 may be reduced by about 13.6%. when xylanase is used within a bleaching stage.
- a synergistic result is observed in the combination of peroxymonosulfuric acid and xylanase within a bleaching stage as described herein, followed by a bleaching sequence, as the amount of ClO 2 required is reduced by about 16.2 %.
- a synergistic result, arising from the combination of xylanase and peroxymonosulfuric acid, is observed when the brightness (e.g. Figure 1) or kappa number (e.g. Tables 1 and 2, Example 5, respectively) of pulp is determined.
- the pulp bleaching method of the present invention may be easily integrated into pulp bleaching processes that are currently practised in the art.
- Existing pre- treatment towers for example towers that are currently used for xylanase freatment, may be adapted for use with hydrogen peroxide, one or more peracids, or a combination thereof and xylanase.
- a bleaching tower used at the end of a bleaching sequence may be adapted for use for a bleaching stage as described herein.
- EXAMPLE 1 Determination of kappa number.
- the kappa number of the pulp is determined using the protocol described in: TAPPI method for Kappa number of pulp (T 236 cm-85) from TAPPI Test Methods 1996-1997, which is herein incorporated by reference. Briefly, the kappa number is the volume (in milliliters) of a 0.1 N potassium permanganate solution consumed by one gram of moisture-free pulp under the conditions specified in the method. The results are corrected to 50 % consumption of the permanganate added.
- the kappa number determination is performed at a constant temperature of 25°C + 0.2° C with continuous agitation. However, it is possible to correct for variations in temperature as is described below.
- the moisture content of the pulp is determined in accordance with TAPPI T 210 "Sampling and Testing Wood Pulp Shipments for Moisture" which is herein incorporated by reference. Briefly, the pulp specimen is disintegrated in about 800 mL of distilled water and stirred. 100 mL of 0.1 N potassium permanganate and 100 mL of 4N sulfuric acid (bringing the total volume to about 1 L) are added to the slurry and allowed to react for 10 minutes. At the end of the 10 minute period, the reaction is stopped by adding 20 mL of 1.0 N potassium iodide and the solution is titrated with 0.2 N sodium thiosulfate.
- K is the kappa number
- w is the weight in grams of moisture-free pulp in the specimen;
- p is the amount of 0.1 N potassium permanganate solution consumed by the test specimen in mL;
- b is the amount of the thiosulfate solution consumed in a blank determination in mL;
- a is the amount of thiosulfate solution consumed by the test specimen in mL; and
- the endo-xylanase assay is specific for endo-l,4-beta-D-xylanase activity.
- the substrate On incubation of azo-xylan (oat) with xylanase, the substrate is depolymerized to produce low-molecular weight dyed fragments which remain in solution on addition of ethanol to the reaction mixture. High molecular weight material is removed by centrifugation, and the colour of the supernatant is measured.
- Xylanase activity in the assay solution is determined by reference to a standard curve.
- Substrate The subsfrate is purified (to remove starch and beta-glucan).
- the polysaccharide is dyed with Remazolbrilliant Blue R to an extent of about one dye molecule per 30 sugar residues.
- the powdered substrate is dissolved in water and sodium acetate buffer and the pH is adjusted to 4.5.
- Xylanase is diluted in 0.5 M acetate buffer at pH 4.5. Two millilitres of the solution is heated at 40° C for 5 minutes. 0.25mL of pre-heated azo-xylan is added to the enzyme solution. The mixture is incubated for 10 minutes. The reaction is terminated and high molecular weight substrate is precipitated by adding 1.0 mL of ethanol (95% v/v) with vigorous stirring for 10 seconds on a vortex mixer. The reaction tubes are allowed to equilibrate to room temperature for 10 minutes and are then centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 6-10 minutes.
- the supernatant solution is fransferred to a spectrophotometer cuvette and the absorbance of blank and reaction solutions measured at 590 nm. Activity is determined by reference to a standard curve. Blanks are prepared by adding ethanol to the substrate before the addition of enzyme.
- the following assay may also be used to quantify xylanase activity.
- the quantitative assay determines the number of reducing sugar ends generated from soluble xylan.
- the subsfrate for this assay is the fraction of birchwood xylan that dissolves in water from a 5% suspension of birchwood xylan (Sigma Chemical Co.). After removing the insoluble fraction, the supernatant is freeze dried and stored in a desiccators.
- reaction mixtures containing 100 DL of 30 mg/mL xylan previously diluted in assay buffer (50 mM sodium citrate, pH 5.5 or the pH optimum of the tested xylanase), 150 DL assay buffer, and 50 DL of enzyme diluted in assay buffer were incubated at 40° C (or the temperature optimum of the tested xylanase).
- 50 DL portions are removed and the reaction is stopped by diluting in 1 mL of 5 mM NaOH.
- the amount of reducing sugars is determined using the hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide reagent (HBAH) (Lever, 1972, Analytical Biochem 47:273-279).
- HBAH hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide reagent
- a unit of enzyme activity is defined as that amount generating 1 D mol reducing sugar in 1 minute at 40° C (or at the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme).
- Chlorine dioxide was made in the lab by the standard procedure of passing a mixture of chlorine gas and nifrogen through a series of columns containing sodium chlorite, and collecting the evolved gas in cold water. The chlorine dioxide was stored refrigerated at a concenfration of 10.4 grams per lifre in water. Further details regarding the preparation of chlorine dioxide may be found in Chlorine Dioxide Generation published by Paprican, Pointe Claire, Quebec (which is herein incorporated by reference).
- a 15g pulp sample having a predetermined kappa number is adjusted to a consistency of 10 % (wt/vol) with pulp filtrate and the pH of the pulp is adjusted between 6.2 and 6.8 with a 1 N solution, of sulfuric acid.
- the pulp sample is heated to 60° C prior to adding BioBriteTM UHB xylanase (commercially available from logen Corporation).
- the enzyme is added to samples, and the pulp samples are incubated at 60° C for 60 minutes at 10% pulp consistency. Following the incubation period the reaction is stopped by washing the pulp with 2 liters of tap water at 60° C and ' allowing the samples to air dry overnight. Testing beforehand established that the overnight incubation did not increase the apparent effects by the enzyme.
- the enzyme dose is 500 ml t pulp, which corresponds to 5.0 units of xylanase activity (measured according to the first xylanase assay described in Example 2) per gram of pulp.
- control pulp samples were mock-treated under conditions lacking xylanase to facilitate comparison of the different bleaching sequences.
- Control pulp This pulp was treated as outlined in Example 4, however, there was no addition of xylanase or oxidizing chemicals.
- Xylanase-treated pulp This pulp was freated with xylanase as described in Example 4.
- Hydrogen peroxide treated pulp This pulp was bleached with 0.045%) hydrogen peroxide on pulp. The pulp was freated as outlined in Example 4, however, the hydrogen peroxide was added after the pH of the pulp was adjusted, and no xylanase was added.
- Xylanase with hydrogen peroxide treated pulp This pulp was treated as outlined in Example 4, however, following pH adjustment of the pulp, 0.045%) hydrogen peroxide was added to the pulp, followed by the addition of xylanase.
- Peracetic acid/Hydrogen peroxide treatment A mixture of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide was made by combining an aqueous solution of 34%> hydrogen peroxide, glacial acetic acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid in a ratio of 3.5:1.0:0.3 . The reactants were combined at ambient temperature and allowed to sit for 60 minutes, then refrigerated. After one month of storage, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was measured by the method of Swern (1970), which involves tifration of the sample with ammoma eerie sulfate. The hydrogen peroxide concentration was determined to be 47.6 g/L.
- the concentration of peracetic acid was then measured by the method of Greenspan (1948), which involves tifration of the sample with iodide.
- the peracetic acid concentration was determined to- be 158.4 g/L.
- the peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture was added to the pulp such that the concenfration of peracetic acid on pulp was 0.15% and the concenfration of hydrogen peroxide on pulp was 0.045%).
- the pH of the pulp was adjusted to pH 6.2 to 6.8 with sodium hydroxide.
- the pulp was otherwise treated as outlined in example 4, except that no xylanase was added to the pulp
- Xylanase, peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide fri this pulp treatment, peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were added to the pulp as outlined above (Peracetic acid/Hydrogen peroxide freatment), and the pH of the pulp was adjusted to pH 6.2-6.8 with sodium hydroxide. Xylanase was added after the pH adjustment step. The pulp was otherwise treated as outlined in Example 4.
- Peracetic acid with hydrogen peroxide decreased the K by about 0.5 units.
- Control pulp This pulp sample was freated as described in Example 4, but without the addition of xylanase. Also, the pH was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium carbonate (to prevent alkali-induced brightness reversion) rather than sulfuric acid.
- Xylanase treatment This pulp was treated with xylanase as outlined in Example 4, with an enzyme. dosage of 150 mL/t, except that the pH was adjusted to 6.5 using sodium carbonate rather than sulfuric acid. Peracetic acid treatment. The pulp was freated as outlined in Example 4, but without xylanases being added. Also, the pH of the pulp was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium carbonate rather than sulfuric acid, then 1 kg peracetic acid was added per ton of pulp.
- Xylanase and peracetic acid treatment The pulp was freated with xylanase as described in Example 4, with an enzyme dosage of 150 mL/t, except that the pH of the pulp was adjusted to 6.5 with sodium carbonate rather than sulfuric acid, then 1 kg peracetic acid was added per ton of pulp.
- the xylanase treatment increased the brightness 1.5 units over the control whereas peracetic acid increased the brightness 1.9 units over the confrol, indicating that peracetic acid is more effective than xylanase.
- the xylanase + peracetic acid treatment gave the largest increase, 2.1 units.
- the combination of xylanase and peracetic acid shows a synergistic effect in increasing the brightness of partially bleached pulp compared to xylanase or peracetic acid alone.
- EXAMPLE 7 Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Hardwood Pulp samples Pulp samples are subjected to chlorine dioxide bleaching stages which are similar to those described in Glossary of Bleaching Terms CPPA technical section
- the first chlorine dioxide bleaching stage is the Do stage.
- ClO 2 is added to the pulp and the system is maintained in a heat-sealable plastic bag.
- the pulp mixture is cooled to 4° C to minimize evaporation.
- Pulp kappa factors of 0.194, 0.217, 0.239 and 0.262 were used to calculate the chlorine dioxide charge required in the bleaching stage.
- the chlorine dioxide charge may be determined using the following formula:
- Chlorine dioxide charge (kg/ton pulp) 10 x kappa factor x kappa number / 2.63
- the corresponding chlorine dioxide usage is 11.1 kg/tonne pulp.
- the pulp comprises 4 % consistency, pH 2.5 to 3.0 and the bags are placed in a 50° C water bath for 60 minutes. Following the incubation period, pulp samples are washed with 2L of tap water. Subsequently, Do pulp samples are subjected to a conventional alkaline extraction stage (Eop).
- the Eop stage comprises incubating pulp samples at 77° C, 10 %> (wt/vol) consistency, with a sodium hydroxide charge of
- the Di stage is performed in a generally similar manner to the Do stage. Briefly, pulp samples are adjusted to a consistency of 10 % (wt/vol) and incubated at pH 3.6 to about 4, 75° C for 180 minutes.
- the Di chlorine dioxide charges are chosen to correspond with kappa factors of 0.09, 0.101, 0.111, and 0.122 corresponding to the order of pulps, from lowest to highest kappa factor, in the Do stage. Following the incubation period, each pulp sample is washed with 2L of tap water. Following the exfraction the brightness of the pulp may be measured according to Example 8. This is the Di brightness of the pulp.
- Pulp brightness is measured according to the method disclosed by PAPTAC- Standard Testing Methods July, 1997 (Standard El brightness of Pulp, Paper and Paperboard; which is herein incorporated by reference). Briefly, a 3.75 g sample of oxygen delignified pulp is used to form a brightness pad. A pulp sample is placed in a 500 mL container and water is added to about 200 mL. About 2 mL of sulfuric acid solution is added to each jar and the contents mixed well. A pad is formed pouring the pulp into a funnel under vacuum and subsequently pressing the pad with a plunger. Each pad is pressed between blotters using a hydraulic press. The pulp pad is allowed to dry overnight at room temperature.
- ISO Brightness Determination Brightness is measured using an Elrephometer. The sample is diffusely illuminated using a highly reflecting, integrated sphere. Reflected light is measured at right angles to the sample. Reflectance is compared to absolute reflectance based on a perfectly reflecting, perfectly diffusing surface that is considered to exhibit a brightness of 100%o. Magnesium oxide is one standard that is used to compare to pulp brightness. A blue light of wavelength 457 nm is used for the brightness reading.
- EXAMPLE 9 Pulp bleaching experiments using xylanase treatment in the presence of peracetic acid
- Control pulp This pulp was treated as described in Example 4, except that no xylanase was added. Furthermore, the method of Example 4 was modified in that the freatment procedure was carried out at 75° C, and at a pH 9.8, for 1 hour.
- Xylan as e-treated pulp This pulp was treated with xylanase as described in Example 4, with an enzyme dosage of 150 ml/t, at 60° C, pH 6.5 for 1 hour.
- Xylanase with peracetic acid This pulp sample is freated as outlined in example 4, however peracetic acid, prepared as outlined above (peracetic acid freatment, Example 9), was added to the pulp after the pH of the pulp was adjusted to pH 6.5 with sodium hydroxide, followed by the addition of xylanase at an enzyme dosage of 150 ml/t. The freatment was carried out at 60° C, pH 6.5 for 1 hour.
- the brightness target is 87.5 ISO.
- the untreated control pulp requires 20.6 kg/t of ClO 2 to reach this brightness level.
- the xylanase freatment alone decreased the amount of ClO 2 to bleach the pulp to 87.5 brightness to 17.8 kg/t, a reduction of 13.6%. This is consistent with published reports on the benefits of xylanase treatment in ClO 2 bleaching.
- Peracetic acid at its optimum pH (9.8) was effective in decreasing the amount of ClO 2 required to bleach the pulp to 18.1 kg/t, a reduction of 12.1%.
- the savings in ClO 2 of 2.5 kg/t with a 1 kg/t peracetic acid freatment is consistent with published reports of the effects of peracetic acid in bleaching pulp.
- EXAMPLE 10 Pulp bleaching experiments using xylanase treatment in the presence peroxymonosulphuric acid (Oxone ® )
- Control pulp. This pulp was freated as described in Example 4, but without the addition of xylanase.
- Xylanase-treated pulp This pulp, sample was freated with xylanase as described in Example 4, with an enzyme dosage of 150 mL/t.
- Oxone ® Peroxymonosulphuric acid
- Oxone ® Peroxymonosulphuric acid
- Oxone ® Xylanase with Peroxymonosulphuric acid
- 0.277, 0.249 and 0.222 were used for the Control pulp.
- Do kappa factors of 0.249, 0.222 and 0.193 were used. All Do samples were incubated at a consistency of 4.3 %, 66°C and 40 minutes. The Eop conditions for all pulp samples were: 77°C, 10 % consistency, sodium hydroxide charge of 1.5-2.2 %, hydrogen peroxide charge of 0.75 %>, 0.6 % oxygen and an incubation time of 90 minutes.
- Di stage kappa factors of 0.146, 0.132 and 0.117 were used for the Control pulp, and kappa factors of 0.132, 0.117 and 0.103 for the other pulps. Following bleaching, the brightness of the pulp was measured according to the procedures of Example 8.
- the brightness target was 89 % ISO.
- the Confrol pulp required 23.4 kg/t of ClO 2 to reach this brightness level.
- the xylanase-treated pulp required 20.5 kg/t ClO 2 to bleach the pulp to 89 % ISO, a reduction of 12.4 %.
- Pulp treated with xylanase and Peroxymonosulphate required 19.6 kg/t of ClO 2 to reach the brightness level of 89%, corresponding to a 16.2 % reduction in the amount of ClO 2 .
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AU2002351904A AU2002351904A1 (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2002-12-03 | Bleaching stage using xylanase with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or a combination thereof |
US10/470,953 US20040112555A1 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2002-12-03 | Bleaching stage using xylanase with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or a combination thereof |
CA002436765A CA2436765A1 (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2002-12-03 | Bleaching stage using xylanase with hydrogen peroxide, peracids, or a combination thereof |
FI20031106A FI20031106A (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2003-07-28 | Bleaching step using xylanase in combination with hydrogen peroxide, peracids or combinations thereof |
SE0302142A SE526289E8 (en) | 2001-12-03 | 2003-07-29 | Bleaching step using xylanase with hydrogen peroxide, peracids or a combination thereof |
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AU (1) | AU2002351904A1 (en) |
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US7368036B2 (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2008-05-06 | Iogen Bio-Products Corporation | Xylanase treatment of chemical pulp |
EP3399100A4 (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2019-08-14 | Fibria Celulose S.A. | Method for producing cellulose pulp, cellulose pulp and use thereof, paper |
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JP4967451B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2012-07-04 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Method for producing bleached pulp |
CN104404807A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-03-11 | 广西大学 | Method for reducing AOX forming amount in chlorine dioxide bleaching process of bagasse pulp |
CN111979823A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Sulfate wood pulp short-process ECF bleaching process X/D-Z-P (X/Z-D-P) |
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WO1992003540A1 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-03-05 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Enzymes with xylanolytic activity |
GB2248075A (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-03-25 | Sandoz Ltd | Bleaching chemical pulp |
WO1992007998A1 (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-05-14 | Enso-Gutzeit Oy | Method for bleaching pulp |
WO1994020672A1 (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-09-15 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Process for bleaching pulp |
US5645686A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1997-07-08 | Solvay Interox (Societe Anonyme) | Process for bleaching a pulp in a sequence including an enzyme stage |
WO1998059108A2 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1998-12-30 | Blume, Hildegard | Oxidation and bleaching system with enzymatically produced oxidizing agents |
US20010018956A1 (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 2001-09-06 | Consortium Fur Elektrochemische Industrie Gmbh | Multi-component system for modifying, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances and processes for its use |
DE10114341A1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-10 | Rettenmaier & Soehne Gmbh & Co | Milling and bleaching natural cellulosic material, giving products used for paper or cardboard manufacture or as a dietary fiber, comprises hydrogen peroxide treatment at high solids level in a hammer or centrifugal mill |
-
2002
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- 2002-12-03 CN CNB028240758A patent/CN1293261C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-03 CA CA002436765A patent/CA2436765A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-03 WO PCT/CA2002/001848 patent/WO2003048449A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2003
- 2003-07-28 FI FI20031106A patent/FI20031106A/en unknown
- 2003-07-29 SE SE0302142A patent/SE526289E8/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
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WO1992003540A1 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-03-05 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Enzymes with xylanolytic activity |
GB2248075A (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-03-25 | Sandoz Ltd | Bleaching chemical pulp |
WO1992007998A1 (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-05-14 | Enso-Gutzeit Oy | Method for bleaching pulp |
WO1994020672A1 (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-09-15 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Process for bleaching pulp |
US5645686A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1997-07-08 | Solvay Interox (Societe Anonyme) | Process for bleaching a pulp in a sequence including an enzyme stage |
US20010018956A1 (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 2001-09-06 | Consortium Fur Elektrochemische Industrie Gmbh | Multi-component system for modifying, degrading or bleaching lignin, lignin-containing materials or similar substances and processes for its use |
WO1998059108A2 (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1998-12-30 | Blume, Hildegard | Oxidation and bleaching system with enzymatically produced oxidizing agents |
DE10114341A1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-10 | Rettenmaier & Soehne Gmbh & Co | Milling and bleaching natural cellulosic material, giving products used for paper or cardboard manufacture or as a dietary fiber, comprises hydrogen peroxide treatment at high solids level in a hammer or centrifugal mill |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7368036B2 (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2008-05-06 | Iogen Bio-Products Corporation | Xylanase treatment of chemical pulp |
EP3399100A4 (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2019-08-14 | Fibria Celulose S.A. | Method for producing cellulose pulp, cellulose pulp and use thereof, paper |
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SE0302142L (en) | 2003-10-03 |
SE526289C2 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
FI20031106A (en) | 2003-09-03 |
CN1630756A (en) | 2005-06-22 |
AU2002351904A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
CA2436765A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
SE526289E8 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
SE526289E (en) | 2010-02-09 |
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SE0302142D0 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
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