WO2003040217A1 - Insulating material for sound waves - Google Patents
Insulating material for sound waves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003040217A1 WO2003040217A1 PCT/EP2002/012049 EP0212049W WO03040217A1 WO 2003040217 A1 WO2003040217 A1 WO 2003040217A1 EP 0212049 W EP0212049 W EP 0212049W WO 03040217 A1 WO03040217 A1 WO 03040217A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- use according
- fibers
- acid
- vinyl
- carboxylic acids
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 C22 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 claims 2
- 235000003846 Ricinus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000322381 Ricinus <louse> Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000003133 Elaeis guineensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001950 Elaeis guineensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidine-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1CCNCC1 FSDNTQSJGHSJBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/08—Epoxidised polymerised polyenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
- H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
Definitions
- Insulation material for sound waves is Insulation material for sound waves
- the present application relates to the use of fiber composite material as insulation materials, preferably for use in loudspeaker construction.
- Fiber composite materials consist at least of fibers and a matrix material.
- the fibers serve to reinforce the material.
- the fibers absorb tensile forces acting on the material in particular, the matrix fills voids between the fibers and envelops the fibers.
- the matrix thus transmits in particular the shear forces that act on the composite material.
- the matrix protects the coated fibers from external influences such.
- Fiber composite materials are known, for example from glass fiber, metal fiber or carbon fiber reinforced synthetic plastics. In the past, these composite materials have proven themselves in many fields of application due to their high resilience, durability and reproducibility.
- renewable raw materials are not exhausted, they can be regenerated at any time by growing suitable plants by photosynthesis.
- Natural fiber reinforced plastics are known per se; their advantages over glass fiber reinforced plastics are already described with regard to raw material basis, life cycle assessment, occupational safety, weight or thermal disposal, see e.g. B. Kohler, R .; Wedler, M .; Kessler, R .: “Do we use the potential of natural fibers?”
- Gülzower technical discussions “Natural fiber reinforced plastics” (Ed. horrisco, R .; Wedler, M .; Kessler, R .: “Do we use the potential of natural fibers?”
- Gülzower technical discussions “Natural fiber reinforced plastics” (Ed. horrification, Nachizad Rohstoffe, Gülzow 1995), pp. 95-100 or "Guideline for renewable raw materials, cultivation, processing, products” , 1st edition, Heidelberg: Müller, 1998, especially chapter 8.
- the mechanical properties of these materials are of course in the foreground, in addition to the question of the selection of ecologically harmless, as renewable as possible.
- a first subject of the present invention relates to the use of composite materials containing fibers based on natural substances and as a matrix a) reaction products from ring opening products of epoxidized fatty substances with b) short-chain olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further olefinically unsaturated comonomers, in the presence of c) bifunctional Crosslinking, as insulation for sound waves.
- the reaction products a) are known compounds and are selected from the group of epoxidized fatty substances ring-opened with carboxylic acids.
- the epoxidized fatty substances are obtained by reacting suitable starting materials with ethylene oxide.
- suitable starting materials are preferably the natural fats and oils from rapeseed, sunflowers, soybeans, flax, hemp, castor oil, coconuts, oil palms, oil palm seeds and oil trees.
- epoxidized soybean oil which is preferably 5 to 10% by weight, is particularly advantageous. Contains epoxy groups.
- the reaction of the epoxidized fatty substances with olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids proceeds in the sense of a nucleophilic ring opening reaction on the epoxy ring of the fatty substances.
- the carboxylic acids are preferably selected from the group of the unsaturated C3 to C10 carboxylic acids, namely acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid.
- Monomers a) which are obtained by ring opening of epoxidized fatty substances with acrylic acid are particularly preferred.
- Compounds a) of soybean oil epoxide, ring-opened with acrylic acid are particularly preferred.
- the reactants are preferably used in a molar ratio of approximately 1: 2 (epoxy: acid).
- the ring opening reaction takes place at elevated temperatures of 100 to 200 ° C. and, depending on the reactivity of the acid component, can also be carried out without a catalyst.
- the polymerization preferably takes place at temperatures of 130 to 200 ° C. and in particular at
- Carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid
- suitable inhibitors e.g.
- Hydroquinone or p-benzoquinone to prevent the acid from polymerizing with each other.
- the Inhibitor is then added in amounts of 1 to 20 wt .-% based on the weight of carboxylic acid.
- the reaction products a) are processed in the presence of at least one co-monomer b), preferably in a form at elevated temperature, together with the fibers to give the desired workpieces.
- processing according to the so-called hand lamination process can also be carried out.
- the unsaturated sites of components a) and b) react with each other, which leads to hardening of the material.
- the matrix encloses the fiber material and leads to the formation of a stable material.
- the pressure in the process according to the invention is then typically between 20 and 200 bar and preferably between 20 and 60 bar.
- the reaction times for the polymerization are preferably between 30 seconds and about 20 minutes and in particular between 1 and 5 minutes.
- acrylic acid and its derivatives such as methacrylic acid.
- R represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- R represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl acrylic acid especially its esters with Ci to C3o alcohols, preferably from C10 to C22
- Vinyl laurate or styrene, divinylbenzene or mixtures thereof can be used.
- free radical initiators such as organic peroxides, for example t Butyl-per-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (TBPIN) added. At elevated temperatures (> 100 ° C), these disintegrate and thus initiate the actual polymerization.
- TBPIN t Butyl-per-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate
- the crosslinkers c) are organic compounds which have at least two reactive sites in the molecule which can react with the compounds according to a) and b). However, compounds with three, four or an even greater number of reactive sites in the molecule which are suitable for crosslinking are also suitable.
- Component c) is preferably selected from compounds of the general formula (II)
- component c) from the group selected from diallyl phthalates, dipropylene glycol diacrylate or diethylene glycol diacrylate are particularly suitable.
- Reactive anhydrides are also suitable as component c), here again preferably the maleic anhydride. It has proven to be advantageous if the weight ratio between component a) and possibly b) on the one hand and c) on the other hand is set in the range from 70:30 to 50:50 during the production of the matrix material.
- Suitable inorganic fillers are natural and synthetic silicas (aerosil types also hydrophobic, amosil types, zeolites such as Sasil and Flavith D (odor absorbers from Degussa), silicate micro hollow spheres (fillites from Omya) and natural silicates such as concrete, montmorillonite, talc, kaolinite
- Suitable color pigments are, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and carbon black.
- carbon black furnace carbon black, gas blacks, for example Printex 60 from Degussa
- concentration of the auxiliaries is 0.1 to 5% by weight
- organic fillers are, for example, starch and starch derivatives, wheat proteins, cellulose powder and chitin-chitosan powder.
- synthetic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers and the like to give fiber composite materials, natural fibers are preferably used according to the invention.
- These natural fibers can be in the form of short fibers, yarns, rovings or, preferably, textile fabrics in the form of nonwovens, needled nonwoven, tangled nonwovens, fabrics, scrims or knitted fabrics based on flax, hemp, straw, wood wool, sisal, jute -, coconut, Ramie, bamboo, Bast, Cellulose, Cotton or Wool fibers, animal hair or fibers based on chitin / chitosan or a combination thereof.
- flax / sisal and bast fibers are particularly preferred.
- the composite materials can also be used in other areas for sound insulation. Vehicle or aircraft construction is preferred here, where high sound insulation with low weight is required.
- the use according to the invention for insulating impact sound in buildings, in particular for stairs, is particularly advantageous.
- Soybean oil acrylate from the reaction of soybean oil epoxide with acrylic acid is mixed with diallyl phthalate as a bifunctional crosslinker in a weight ratio of 70:30.
- the viscosity of the mixture was 1000 mPas (Brookfield, 23 ° C).
- 2% by weight of TBPIN were then added, the matrix mixture thus prepared was applied to a flat / sisal fiber mixture at room temperature (21 ° C.) and cured at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the fiber composite material produced in this way was used as an end cover in a bass loudspeaker system and compared with covers made of wood and aluminum. It was shown that the fiber composite material, despite its low weight, had excellent damping in all frequency ranges.
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Abstract
Matrix material based on native raw materials which are combined with native fibers to form a composite material, suitable as lightweight insulating material for sound waves.
Description
Dämmstoff für Schallwellen Insulation material for sound waves
Die vorliegende Anmeldung betrifft die Verwendung von Faserverbundwerkstoff als Dämmstoffe, vorzugsweise zum Einsatz im Lautsprecherbau.The present application relates to the use of fiber composite material as insulation materials, preferably for use in loudspeaker construction.
Faserverbundwerkstoffe bestehen wenigstens aus Fasern und einem Matrixmaterial. Dabei dienen die Fasern der Verstärkung des Werkstoffes. Die Fasern nehmen dabei insbesondere am Werkstoff wirkende Zugkräfte auf, die Matrix füllt Hohlräume zwischen den Fasern und umhüllt die Fasern. Damit überträgt die Matrix insbesondere die Schubkräfte, die auf das Verbundmaterial einwirken. Darüber hinaus schützt die Matrix die umhüllten Fasern vor Außeneinflüssen wie z. B. Eindringen von Wasser oder Feuchtigkeit, oxidative oder photooxidative Einflüsse. Bekannt sind Faserverbundwerkstoffe beispielsweise aus glasfaser-, metallfaser- oder kohlenstoffaserverstärkten synthetischen Kunststoffen. Diese Verbundwerkstoffe haben sich in der Vergangenheit wegen ihrer hohen Belastbarkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit in vielen Anwendungsfeldern bewährt. Im Zuge der Forderung nach langfristig tragfähigen Entwicklungen (sustainable development) werden jedoch immer häufiger auch für Verbundmaterialien solche Produkte gefordert, die auf der Basis von Biomasse und/oder landwirtschaftlichen Produkten als nachwachsenden Rohstoffen gefertigt werden. Im Gegensatz zu petrochemischen und fossilen Rohstoffen erschöpfen sich nachwachsende Rohstoffe nicht, sie können über den Anbau geeigneter Pflanzen durch Photosynthese jederzeit regeneriert werden.Fiber composite materials consist at least of fibers and a matrix material. The fibers serve to reinforce the material. The fibers absorb tensile forces acting on the material in particular, the matrix fills voids between the fibers and envelops the fibers. The matrix thus transmits in particular the shear forces that act on the composite material. In addition, the matrix protects the coated fibers from external influences such. B. Ingress of water or moisture, oxidative or photooxidative influences. Fiber composite materials are known, for example from glass fiber, metal fiber or carbon fiber reinforced synthetic plastics. In the past, these composite materials have proven themselves in many fields of application due to their high resilience, durability and reproducibility. In the course of the demand for long-term sustainable developments (sustainable development), however, products for composite materials are increasingly being required that are manufactured on the basis of biomass and / or agricultural products as renewable raw materials. In contrast to petrochemical and fossil raw materials, renewable raw materials are not exhausted, they can be regenerated at any time by growing suitable plants by photosynthesis.
Naturfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe sind an sich bekannt; ihre Vorteile gegenüber glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen sind hinsichtlich Rohstoffbasis, Ökobilanz, Arbeitsschutz, Gewicht oder thermische Entsorgung sind bereits beschrieben, siehe z. B. Kohler, R.; Wedler, M.; Kessler, R.: „Nutzen wir das Potential der Naturfasern?" In: Gülzower Fachgespräche „Naturfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe" (Hrsg. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Gülzow 1995), S. 95-100 oder „Leitfaden Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Anbau, Verarbeitung, Produkte", 1. Auflage, Heidelberg: Müller, 1998, insbesondere Kapitel 8. Bei der Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen stehen, neben der Frage der Auswahl von ökologisch unbedenklichen, möglichst nachwachsender Rohstoffe, natürlich die mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Werkstoffe im Vordergrund.Natural fiber reinforced plastics are known per se; their advantages over glass fiber reinforced plastics are already described with regard to raw material basis, life cycle assessment, occupational safety, weight or thermal disposal, see e.g. B. Kohler, R .; Wedler, M .; Kessler, R .: "Do we use the potential of natural fibers?" In: Gülzower technical discussions "Natural fiber reinforced plastics" (Ed. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Gülzow 1995), pp. 95-100 or "Guideline for renewable raw materials, cultivation, processing, products" , 1st edition, Heidelberg: Müller, 1998, especially chapter 8. In the development of composite materials, the mechanical properties of these materials are of course in the foreground, in addition to the question of the selection of ecologically harmless, as renewable as possible.
Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, daß bestimmte Verbundwerkstoffe hervorragende Eigenschaften als Dämmstoffe für Schallwellen aufweisen. Derartige Dämmstoffe werden vorzugsweise beim Bau von Lautsprechersystemen, aber auch bei der Lärmdämmung in Gebäuden oder im
Fahrzeug- bzw. Flugzeugbau eingesetzt. Dabei ist zum einen eine hohe Dämmung gegen Schall gefordert, gleichzeitig soll aber der Werkstoff auch möglichst leicht sein, sich einfach verarbeiten lassen und kostengünstig herzustellen sein.Surprisingly, it has now been found that certain composite materials have excellent properties as insulating materials for sound waves. Such insulation materials are preferably used in the construction of speaker systems, but also in noise insulation in buildings or in Vehicle or aircraft construction used. On the one hand, a high level of insulation against sound is required, but at the same time, the material should also be as light as possible, easy to process and inexpensive to manufacture.
Ein erster Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Verbundwerkstoffen, enthaltend Fasern auf Basis von Naturstoffen und als Matrix a) Umsetzungsprodukte aus Ringöffnungsprodukten von epoxidierten Fettstoffen mit b) kurzkettigen olefinisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren und ggf. weiteren olefinisch ungesättigten Comonomeren, in Gegenwart von c) bifunktionellen Vernetzern, als Dämmstoffe für Schallwellen.A first subject of the present invention relates to the use of composite materials containing fibers based on natural substances and as a matrix a) reaction products from ring opening products of epoxidized fatty substances with b) short-chain olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further olefinically unsaturated comonomers, in the presence of c) bifunctional Crosslinking, as insulation for sound waves.
Die Umsetzungsprodukte a) sind bekannte Verbindungen und ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der epoxidierten, mit Carbonsäuren ringgeöffneten Fettstoffe. Die epoxidierten Fettstoffe werden durch Umsetzung geeigneter Ausgangsmaterialien mit Ethylenoxid erhalten. Beispiele für geeignete Ausgangsmaterialien sind vorzugsweise die natürlichen Fette und Öle von Raps, Sonnenblumen, Soja, Lein, Hanf, Ricinus, Kokusnüssen, Ölpalmen, Ölpalmkemen und Ölbäumen, Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung von epoxidiertem Sojaöl, das vorzugsweise 5 bis 10 Gew.-% Epoxidgruppen enthält. Die Reaktion der epoxidierten Fettstoffe mit olefinisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren verläuft im Sinne einer nucleophilen Ringöffnungsreaktion am Epoxidring der Fettstoffe. Die Carbonsäuren sind vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der ungesättigten C3 bis C10 Carbonsäuren, namentlich von Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Crotonsäure, Itakonsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure. Besonders bevorzugt sind Monomere a) die durch Ringöffnung von epoxidierten Fettstoffen mit Acrylsäure erhalten werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind Verbindungen a) aus Sojaölepoxid, ringgeöffnet mit Acrylsäure. Bei der Umsetzung der Epoxide mit den Carbonsäuren ist es vorteilhaft, einen Überschuß an olefinisch ungesättigter Carbonsäure einzusetzen, um eine möglichst vollständige Umsetzung zu erreichen. Vorzugsweise werden die Reaktanden im Molverhältnis von ca. 1 : 2 (Epoxid : Säure) eingesetzt. Die Ringöffnungsreaktion findet bei erhöhten Temperaturen von 100 bis 200 °C statt und kann, in Abhängigkeit der Reaktivität der Säurekomponente auch ohne Katalysator durchgeführt werden. Vorzugsweise findet die Polymerisation bei Temperaturen von 130 bis 200 °C und insbesondere beiThe reaction products a) are known compounds and are selected from the group of epoxidized fatty substances ring-opened with carboxylic acids. The epoxidized fatty substances are obtained by reacting suitable starting materials with ethylene oxide. Examples of suitable starting materials are preferably the natural fats and oils from rapeseed, sunflowers, soybeans, flax, hemp, castor oil, coconuts, oil palms, oil palm seeds and oil trees. The use of epoxidized soybean oil, which is preferably 5 to 10% by weight, is particularly advantageous. Contains epoxy groups. The reaction of the epoxidized fatty substances with olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids proceeds in the sense of a nucleophilic ring opening reaction on the epoxy ring of the fatty substances. The carboxylic acids are preferably selected from the group of the unsaturated C3 to C10 carboxylic acids, namely acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid. Monomers a) which are obtained by ring opening of epoxidized fatty substances with acrylic acid are particularly preferred. Compounds a) of soybean oil epoxide, ring-opened with acrylic acid, are particularly preferred. When reacting the epoxides with the carboxylic acids, it is advantageous to use an excess of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid in order to achieve the most complete possible reaction. The reactants are preferably used in a molar ratio of approximately 1: 2 (epoxy: acid). The ring opening reaction takes place at elevated temperatures of 100 to 200 ° C. and, depending on the reactivity of the acid component, can also be carried out without a catalyst. The polymerization preferably takes place at temperatures of 130 to 200 ° C. and in particular at
Temperaturen von 150 bis 180 °C statt. Wenn notwendig können aber bekannte alkalische oder saureTemperatures from 150 to 180 ° C instead. If necessary, however, known alkaline or acidic
Katalysatoren zur Reaktionsbeschleunigung zugesetzt werden. Bei Verwendung sehr reaktiverCatalysts are added to accelerate the reaction. When using very reactive
Carbonsäuren, wie der Acrylsäure, kann es vorteilhaft sein, durch Zugabe geeigneter Inhibitoren, z.B.Carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, may be advantageous by adding suitable inhibitors, e.g.
Hydrochinon oder p-Benzochinon, eine Polymerisation der Säure untereinander zu verhindern. Der
Inhibitor wird dann in Mengen von 1 bis 20 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gewicht an Carbonsäure, zugesetzt.Hydroquinone or p-benzoquinone to prevent the acid from polymerizing with each other. The Inhibitor is then added in amounts of 1 to 20 wt .-% based on the weight of carboxylic acid.
Die Umsetzungsprodukte a) werden in Gegenwart mindestens eines Co-Monomeren b) vorzugsweise in einer Form bei erhöhter Temperatur zusammen mit den Fasern zu den gewünschten Werkstücken verarbeitet. Es kann aber auch eine Verarbeitung nach dem sogenannten Handlaminierverfahren durchgeführt werden. Es findet jeweils eine radikalische Polymerisation zwischen den Komponenten a) und b) statt, die zu einer Aushärtung der Ausgangskomponente a) führt. Bei dieser Umsetzung reagieren die ungesättigten Stellen der Komponenten a) und b) miteinander was zu einer Aushärtung des Materials führt. Die Matrix umschließt dabei das Fasermaterial und führt so zur Bildung eines stabilen Werkstoffs. Bei der Herstellung der Faserverbundwerkstoffe kann es vorteilhaft sein, Fasern und Matrixmaterial unter erhöhtem Druck zur Reaktion zu bringen. In diesem Falle liegt der Druck im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren dann typischerweise zwischen 20 und 200 bar und vorzugsweise zwischen 20 und 60 bar. Die Reaktionszeiten für die Polymerisation liegen vorzugsweise zwischen 30 Sekunden und etwa 20 Minuten und insbesondere zwischen 1 und 5 Minuten.The reaction products a) are processed in the presence of at least one co-monomer b), preferably in a form at elevated temperature, together with the fibers to give the desired workpieces. However, processing according to the so-called hand lamination process can also be carried out. There is a radical polymerization between components a) and b), which leads to curing of the starting component a). In this reaction, the unsaturated sites of components a) and b) react with each other, which leads to hardening of the material. The matrix encloses the fiber material and leads to the formation of a stable material. In the production of the fiber composite materials, it can be advantageous to react the fibers and matrix material under increased pressure. In this case, the pressure in the process according to the invention is then typically between 20 and 200 bar and preferably between 20 and 60 bar. The reaction times for the polymerization are preferably between 30 seconds and about 20 minutes and in particular between 1 and 5 minutes.
Die Co-Monomeren b) enthaltend mindestens eine olefinische ungesättigte Doppelbindung und sind vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Acrylsäure und deren Derivate, wie der Methacrylsäure. Generell sind Alkylmethacrylsäuren der allgemeinen Formel (I)The co-monomers b) containing at least one olefinic unsaturated double bond and are preferably selected from the group of acrylic acid and its derivatives, such as methacrylic acid. In general, alkyl methacrylic acids of the general formula (I)
RR
I H2C=C-COOH (I)IH 2 C = C-COOH (I)
in der R für einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 22 C-Atomen steht, geeignet. Es können aber auch mehrere Co- Monomere b) in Abmischung mit den Monomeren a) radikalisch polymerisiert werden. Dabei werden, mit Bezug auf das Gewicht an Monomeren a) 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% an Co-Monomeren b), vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 Gew.-% und insbesondere 2 bis 7 Gew.-% eingesetzt.in which R represents an alkyl radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms. However, it is also possible to free-radically polymerize a plurality of co-monomers b) in admixture with the monomers a). With reference to the weight of monomers a), 0.1 to 10% by weight of co-monomers b), preferably 1 to 10% by weight and in particular 2 to 7% by weight, are used.
Neben den bereits oben beschriebene Vertretern der Co-Monomeren b) können auch weitereIn addition to the representatives of the co-monomers b) already described above, others can also
Verbindungen, vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe gebildet aus den Derivaten von Acryl-, Methacryl- undCompounds, preferably from the group formed from the derivatives of acrylic, methacrylic and
Alkylacrylsäure, insbesondere deren Ester mit Ci- bis C3o-Alkoholen, vorzugsweise von C10- bis C22-Alkyl acrylic acid, especially its esters with Ci to C3o alcohols, preferably from C10 to C22
Alkoholen sowie allgemein Allylester, oder Vinylester wie Vinylacetat, Vinylproprionat oder Vinylversatat,Alcohols and generally allyl esters or vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl versatate,
Vinyllaurat oder Styrol, Divinylbenzol oder deren Mischungen eingesetzt werden. Zur Umsetzung mit den Monomeren a) werden in ans ich bekannter Weise Radikalstarter, wie organische Peroxide, z.B. t-
Butyl-per-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoat (TBPIN) zugesetzt. Bei erhöhten Temperaturen (> 100 °C) zerfallen diese und setzten damit die eigentliche Polymerisation in Gang. Die Herstellung derartiger Matrices ist Gegenstand der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 199307 70 bzw. DE 199 523 64der Anmelderin.Vinyl laurate or styrene, divinylbenzene or mixtures thereof can be used. For reaction with the monomers a), free radical initiators, such as organic peroxides, for example t Butyl-per-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (TBPIN) added. At elevated temperatures (> 100 ° C), these disintegrate and thus initiate the actual polymerization. The production of such matrices is the subject of the not previously published DE 199307 70 and DE 199 523 64 of the applicant.
Bei den Vernetzer c) handelt es sich erfindungsgemäß um organische Verbindungen, die mindestens zwei reaktive Stellen im Molekül aufweisen, die mit den Verbindungen gemäß a) und b) reagieren können. Es sind aber auch Verbindungen mit drei, vier oder einer noch größeren Anzahl von reaktiven, zur Vernetzung geeigneten Stellen im Molekül geeignet. Vorzugsweise sind die Komponente c) ausgewählt aus Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (II)According to the invention, the crosslinkers c) are organic compounds which have at least two reactive sites in the molecule which can react with the compounds according to a) and b). However, compounds with three, four or an even greater number of reactive sites in the molecule which are suitable for crosslinking are also suitable. Component c) is preferably selected from compounds of the general formula (II)
H2C=CR3-(CH2)n-X-A-X-(CH2)n-CR3=CH2 (II)H 2 C = CR 3 - (CH2) nXAX- (CH 2 ) n-CR 3 = CH2 (II)
in der A für einen zweiwertigen, ggf. von Heteroatomen unterbrochenen, aliphatischen Rest mit 2 bis 24 C-Atomen oder einen aromatischer Rest mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen und X für eine Gruppe CO, OCO oder COO, R3 für ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine CH3-Gruppe und n die Zahlen Null oder 1 bis 3 bedeuten. Besonders geeignet sind Komponenten c) aus der Gruppe die ausgewählt ist aus Diallylphthalaten, Dipropylenglykoldiacrylat oder Diethylenglykoldiacrylat. Weiterhin geeignet sind reaktive Anhydride als Komponente c), hier wiederum vorzugsweise das Maleinsäureanhydrid. Es hat sie als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn bei der Herstellung des Matrixmaterials das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen den Komponente a) und ggf. b) auf der einen Seite und c) auf der anderen Seite im Bereich von 70 : 30 bis 50 : 50 eingestellt wird.in the A for a divalent, optionally interrupted by heteroatoms, aliphatic radical with 2 to 24 carbon atoms or an aromatic radical with 6 to 10 carbon atoms and X for a group CO, OCO or COO, R 3 for a hydrogen atom or is a CH3 group and n is zero or 1 to 3. Components c) from the group selected from diallyl phthalates, dipropylene glycol diacrylate or diethylene glycol diacrylate are particularly suitable. Reactive anhydrides are also suitable as component c), here again preferably the maleic anhydride. It has proven to be advantageous if the weight ratio between component a) and possibly b) on the one hand and c) on the other hand is set in the range from 70:30 to 50:50 during the production of the matrix material.
WeiterhirTköhnen den~VeTbTJnäweT^^ werden, hierzu gehören Flammschutzmittel, Farbpigmente, UV-Absorber sowie organische und/oder anorganische Füllstoffe. Als anorganische Füllstoffe eignen sich natürliche und synthetische Kieselsäuren (Aerosiltypen auch hydrophobiert, Amosiltypen, Zeolithe wie Sasil und Flavith D (Geruchsabsorber der Fa. Degussa), silikatische Mikrohohlkugeln (Fillite der Fa. Omya) und natürliche Silikate wie Betonite, Montmorillonite, Talk, Kaolinit und Wollastonit. Geeignete Farbpigmente sind beispielsweise Calciumcarbonat, Calciumsulfat, Bariumsulfat, Titandioxid und Ruß. Verschiedene Rußtypen (Furnaceruße, Gasruße z. B. Printex 60 Fa. Degussa) färben schon in geringen Konzentrationen das Bauteil schwarz ein und schützen es gegen UV-Strahlen. Die Einsatzkonzentration der Hilfsstoffe liegt bei 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%. Organische Füllstoffe sind beispielsweise Stärke und Stärkederivate, Weizenproteine, Cellulosepulver und Chitin-Chitosanpulver.
Obwohl die vorgenannten Matrizes auch mit synthetischen Fasern wie Glasfasern, Kohlenstoffasem, Metallfasern und dgl. zu Faserverbundwerkstoffen verarbeitet werden können, werden erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise Naturfasern eingesetzt. Dabei können diese Naturfasern in Form von Kurzfasern, Garnen, Rovings oder vorzugsweise textile Flächengebilde in Form von Vliesen, Nadelvlies, Wirrvliesen, Geweben, Gelegen oder Gewirken auf der Basis von Flachs-, Hanf-, Stroh-, Holzwolle-, Sisal-, Jute-, Kokos-, Ramie-, Bambus-, Bast-, Cellulose-, Baumwoll- oder Wollfasern, Tierhaaren oder Fasern auf Basis von Chitin/Chitosan oder deren Kombination eingesetzt werden. Im Falle der Verwendung als Dämmstoff für Schallwellen sind insbesondere Flachs/Sisal- und Bast-Fasern bevorzugt. Neben der bevorzugten Verwendung als Dämmaterial in Lautsprechern können die Verbundwerkstoffe auch in anderen Bereichen zur Schalldämmung eingesetzt werden. Hier sei bevorzugt der Fahrzeug- bzw. Flugzeugbau genannt, wo hohe Schalldämmung mit niedrigem Gewicht gefordert wird. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung zum Dämmen von Trittschall in Gebäuden, insbesondere bei Treppen.
Continue to be the ~ VeTbTJnäweT ^^, this includes flame retardants, color pigments, UV absorbers and organic and / or inorganic fillers. Suitable inorganic fillers are natural and synthetic silicas (aerosil types also hydrophobic, amosil types, zeolites such as Sasil and Flavith D (odor absorbers from Degussa), silicate micro hollow spheres (fillites from Omya) and natural silicates such as concrete, montmorillonite, talc, kaolinite Suitable color pigments are, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and carbon black. Various types of carbon black (furnace carbon black, gas blacks, for example Printex 60 from Degussa) already color the component black in low concentrations and protect it against UV rays. The concentration of the auxiliaries is 0.1 to 5% by weight, and organic fillers are, for example, starch and starch derivatives, wheat proteins, cellulose powder and chitin-chitosan powder. Although the aforementioned matrices can also be processed with synthetic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers and the like to give fiber composite materials, natural fibers are preferably used according to the invention. These natural fibers can be in the form of short fibers, yarns, rovings or, preferably, textile fabrics in the form of nonwovens, needled nonwoven, tangled nonwovens, fabrics, scrims or knitted fabrics based on flax, hemp, straw, wood wool, sisal, jute -, Coconut, Ramie, Bamboo, Bast, Cellulose, Cotton or Wool fibers, animal hair or fibers based on chitin / chitosan or a combination thereof. In the case of use as insulation material for sound waves, flax / sisal and bast fibers are particularly preferred. In addition to the preferred use as insulation material in loudspeakers, the composite materials can also be used in other areas for sound insulation. Vehicle or aircraft construction is preferred here, where high sound insulation with low weight is required. The use according to the invention for insulating impact sound in buildings, in particular for stairs, is particularly advantageous.
BeispieleExamples
Sojaölacrylat aus der Umsetzung von Sojaölepoxid mit Acrylsäure wird mit Diallylphtalat als bifunktioneller Vernetzer im Gewichtsverhältnis 70 : 30 vermischt. Die Viskosität der Mischung betrug 1000 mPas (Brookfield, 23 °C). Anschließend wurden 2 Gew.-% TBPIN zugesetzt, die so vorbereitete Matrixmischung wurde bei Raumtemperatur (21 °C) auf eine Flach/Sisal-Fasermischung aufgetragen und bei 150 °C für 10 Minuten ausgehärtet. Der so hergestellte Faserverbundwerkstoff wurde als Abschlußdeckel in einem Basslautsprechersystem verwendet und mit Deckeln aus Holz und Aluminium verglichen. Es zeigte sich, daß der Faserverbundwerkstoff trotz seines geringen Gewichts eine hervorragende Dämpfung in allen Frequenzbereichen aufwies.
Soybean oil acrylate from the reaction of soybean oil epoxide with acrylic acid is mixed with diallyl phthalate as a bifunctional crosslinker in a weight ratio of 70:30. The viscosity of the mixture was 1000 mPas (Brookfield, 23 ° C). 2% by weight of TBPIN were then added, the matrix mixture thus prepared was applied to a flat / sisal fiber mixture at room temperature (21 ° C.) and cured at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes. The fiber composite material produced in this way was used as an end cover in a bass loudspeaker system and compared with covers made of wood and aluminum. It was shown that the fiber composite material, despite its low weight, had excellent damping in all frequency ranges.
Claims
1. Verwendung von Verbundwerkstoffen, enthaltend Fasern auf Basis von Naturstoffen und als Matrix a) Umsetzungsprodukte aus Ringöffnungsprodukten von epoxidierten Fettstoffen mit b) kurzkettigen olefinisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren und ggf. weiteren olefinisch ungesättigten1. Use of composite materials containing fibers based on natural substances and as a matrix a) reaction products from ring opening products of epoxidized fatty substances with b) short-chain olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further olefinically unsaturated
Co-Monomeren, in Gegenwart von c) bifunktionellen Vernetzern, als Dämmstoffe für Schallwellen.Co-monomers, in the presence of c) bifunctional crosslinkers, as insulation materials for sound waves.
2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die olefinisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren aus der Gruppe Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Crotonsäure, Itakonsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure oder deren Mischungen ausgewählt sind.2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or mixtures thereof.
3. Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die weiteren Comonomeren aus der Gruppe gebildet aus ungesättigten Carbonsäuren gemäß Anspruch 2, deren3. Use according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the further comonomers from the group formed from unsaturated carboxylic acids according to claim 2, the
Ester von C1- bis C30-Alkoholen, vorzugsweise von C10- bis C22-Alkoholen sowie Allylestern, oderEsters of C1 to C30 alcohols, preferably of C10 to C22 alcohols and allyl esters, or
Vinylestern wie Vinylacetat, Vinylproprionat oder Vinylversatat, Vinyllaurat oder Styrol, Divinylbenzol oder deren Mischungen ausgewählt werden.Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl versatate, vinyl laurate or styrene, divinylbenzene or mixtures thereof can be selected.
4. Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die epoxidierten Fettstoffe ausgewählt sind aus epoxidierten Triglyceriden nativen Ursprungs, vorzugsweise aus epoxidiertem Kokos-, Hanf-, Lein-, Palm-, Palmkern-, Raps-, Ricinus-, Sonnenblumen-, Sojaöl oder deren Mischungen4. Use according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the epoxidized fatty substances are selected from epoxidized triglycerides of native origin, preferably from epoxidized coconut, hemp, flax, palm, palm kernel, rapeseed, ricinus, sunflowers -, soybean oil or their mixtures
5. Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ringgeöffneten epoxidierten Fettstoffe a) ggf. in Kombination mit den Co-Monomeren b) mit den Vernetzern c) im Gewichtsverhältnis 70 : 30 bis 50 : 50 eingesetzt werden.5. Use according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ring-opened epoxidized fatty substances a) optionally in combination with the co-monomers b) with the crosslinking agents c) are used in a weight ratio of 70:30 to 50:50.
6. Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Naturfasern, Kurzfasern, textile Flächengebilde in Form von Vliesen, Nadelvlies, Wirrvliesen, Geweben oder6. Use according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that as natural fibers, short fibers, textile fabrics in the form of nonwovens, needle fleece, random nonwovens, fabrics or
Gewirken auf der Basis von Flachs-, Hanf-, Stroh-, Holzwolle-, Sisal-, Jute-, Kokos-, Ramie-,Knitted fabrics based on flax, hemp, straw, wood wool, sisal, jute, coconut, ramie,
Bambus-, Bast-, Baum-woll- oder Wollfasern, Tierhaaren oder Fasern auf Basis von Chitin/Chitosan oder deren Kombination verwendet werden. Bamboo, bast, cotton or wool fibers, animal hair or fibers based on chitin / chitosan or a combination thereof can be used.
7. Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dämmaterial in Lautsprechern eingesetzt wird.7. Use according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulating material is used in loudspeakers.
8. Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dämmaterial in Gebäuden zur Dämmung von Trittschall eingesetzt wird. 8. Use according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulating material is used in buildings for the insulation of impact sound.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE2001154364 DE10154364A1 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Insulation material for sound waves |
DE10154364.6 | 2001-11-06 |
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WO2003040217A1 true WO2003040217A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
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PCT/EP2002/012049 WO2003040217A1 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2002-10-29 | Insulating material for sound waves |
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Cited By (4)
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DE102010031892A1 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Fiber-reinforced composite material useful e.g. for producing molded bodies for producing building materials, comprises polymer matrix based on polymer, and fibers, preferably natural fibers incorporated into polymer matrix |
EP2848596A3 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-07-29 | Sorge, Günther | Vacuum module which can be manufactured from different materials |
CN105670406A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-15 | 湖州国信物资有限公司 | Sound-insulation styrene-acrylic emulsion based composite coating preparation method |
WO2017216203A1 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | Luca Alessandrini | Method for manufacturing musical instruments, sound boxes and acoustic boxes products obtained with such method |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102008014558A1 (en) | 2008-03-15 | 2009-09-17 | Dracowo Forschungs- Und Entwicklungs Gmbh | Polycarboxylic acid modified native epoxides with a specific ratio of epoxide-polycarboxylic acid in glycidyl ester epoxide, useful for preparing polyether and polyester |
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WO1996008812A1 (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-21 | M. Faist Gmbh & Co. Kg | Layered sound absorber for absorbing acoustic sound waves |
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WO2001002469A1 (en) * | 1999-07-03 | 2001-01-11 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing fiber reinforced materials |
WO2001032755A1 (en) * | 1999-10-30 | 2001-05-10 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Storage-stable prepregs on the basis of duroplastic, oleochemical matrices |
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2001
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010031892A1 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Fiber-reinforced composite material useful e.g. for producing molded bodies for producing building materials, comprises polymer matrix based on polymer, and fibers, preferably natural fibers incorporated into polymer matrix |
DE102010031892B4 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2019-01-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Fiber-reinforced composites, processes for their preparation and their use |
EP2848596A3 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-07-29 | Sorge, Günther | Vacuum module which can be manufactured from different materials |
EP3020691A3 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-07-13 | Sorge, Günther | Vacuum module which can be manufactured from different materials |
CN105670406A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-15 | 湖州国信物资有限公司 | Sound-insulation styrene-acrylic emulsion based composite coating preparation method |
WO2017216203A1 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | Luca Alessandrini | Method for manufacturing musical instruments, sound boxes and acoustic boxes products obtained with such method |
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