WO2003029580A1

WO2003029580A1 - Method and device for the protection of systems and buildings at risk

Info

Publication number: WO2003029580A1
Application number: PCT/EP2002/010720
Authority: WO
Inventors: Klaus-Dieter Thiel; Norbert Eisenreich; Jochen Neutz; Helmut Schmid
Original assignee: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date: 2001-09-25
Filing date: 2002-09-25
Publication date: 2003-04-10
Also published as: ATE310871T1; EP1432882A1; DE10147025A1; US20040237458A1; EP1432882B1; DE50205065D1

Abstract

A method for the protection or defence of moving objects or persons, characterized in that in the case of endangerment, at least one jacket-type element is inflated from a collapsed space-saving state by means of a gas which is introduced into said jacket or by means of a gas generated medium to form a barrier. In this way, efficient and flexible protection of systems, buildings or the like can be protected with non-lethal means. As a result, the inventive method or device suitable for carrying out said method can be used in a multiplicity of ways such as to prevent access or influence groups of persons at large public events.

Description

Process and device for protecting endangered systems and

building

The invention relates to a method for protection against or for defense against moving objects or persons and ^■ for protection against or. device suitable for defense against moving objects or persons.

In order to protect endangered facilities and buildings, such as government institutions or embassies for the purpose of preventing access and to control crowds, for example at political rallies or sporting events, the law enforcement officers generally use non-lethal agents such as barriers, irritant gases, rubber bullets or barriers, used. Such measures are often associated with enormous manpower on the part of the emergency services, which makes them costly and inflexible on the one hand, and on the other hand for the security officers deployed but also for the people to be defended or influenced, with considerable health security risk. In addition, conventional barriers can often be easily overcome or are designed so massive and insurmountable that they can only be removed with disproportionate effort once the threat has disappeared. Adaptability to a specific threat situation is also not possible.

There is therefore a high demand for flexible, non-lethal barriers to protect against crowds of people, but also against individual perpetrators (assassins) - due to the increasing worldwide ban on conventional means such as landmines used for blocking purposes.

The object of the invention is to create a method and a device for protection against or for defense against moving objects or persons which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and which is distinguished by a non-lethal protective effect and without being disproportionately large Financial and logistical effort can be used flexibly, both locally and in relation to the situation, whereby in the event of an assignment both law enforcement officers and affected persons or objects should be optimally protected against the effects of health damage.

This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that, in the event of a hazard, at least one envelope from a collapsed, space-saving state is inflated to a barrier by means of a gas introduced into the envelope or a gas-generating medium. By inflating a cover, especially if this happens suddenly and unexpectedly, entrances and access roads can be blocked, people or moving objects, such as vehicles or the like, can be distracted or knocked over by pressure, and individuals or people Influence quantities in the sense of a "psychological warfare" (deter) - The inflatable cover is easy to transport, especially in its collapsed state, and can therefore be used flexibly, particularly in terms of location. By releasing the gas, it can also be easily removed after the hazard has been eliminated.

In the case of a device of the type mentioned at the outset, it is provided to solve the problem that at least one space-saving collapses in the event of danger

Has state by means of a gas or a gas-generating medium to form an inflatable barrier barrier. In addition to known gas generators, such as are used today for airbags in motor vehicles, compressors (compressed air), pressurized gases from gas bottles, exhaust gases or the like can be used to inflate such a casing.

According to a further development of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the inflation of the envelope is initiated by a proximity sensor triggered by the person or the object. For this purpose, the device according to the invention has a proximity sensor system for initiating the inflation process. In this way it is possible to use the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention independently of the presence of an operator at the location to be protected or blocked during the hazardous situation.

Further developments of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention provide that the proximity sensors detect people or objects without contact. In this way, with the aid of the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention, barriers can be erected without causing a The person or object to be defended comes into contact with the lock. However, it is also possible to directly influence the person or object, for example in order to specifically change a direction of movement. As an alternative or in addition, it is therefore also possible for the proximity sensor system to be triggered by touching it. In this way, on the one hand, there is an additional safety function in the event of failure of the aforementioned contactless proximity sensor system. On the other hand, this can be invented _. the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention in this way, similarly to conventional land mines, but with a non-lethal effect, for blocking purposes, for example by burying in the ground.

15 In order not to pose a health risk, in particular, to persons of different physical constitution (children, adults, ...) who are to be warded off, an extremely preferred development of the method according to the invention provides for the envelope to be inflated at a variable speed

Turns 20. The device according to the invention points to this

Preferably, control means for controlling an inflation speed of the envelope. In this way, for example, to ward off fast moving heavy objects, such as. of a motor vehicle, in the shortest possible time

Establish 25 effective barriers, while in the context of preventing access for a single person, only a slow, gradual inflation of the envelope is initiated. It is provided in the course of a development of the method according to the invention that the envelope during an inflation process

30 gangs is inflated with variable speed. The device according to the invention therefore preferably has control means for controlling an inflation speed of the envelope. By using such control means, the risk of injury for lightweight Reduce people who are near or close to the envelope.

According to a development of the method according to the invention, provision is therefore made for the inflation speed to be adapted as a function of at least one property of the person or the object. For this purpose, the device according to the invention preferably has at least one detection device for providing input signals for the control means. According to an extremely preferred development of the device according to the invention, the detection device is designed to detect at least one property and / or position of the person or the object. In this context, it is possible in particular to use optical techniques using suitable camera and lighting units, by means of which the size and a state of motion of the person to be blocked or the object to be blocked can be determined. In this way, in an extremely preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention is designed with at least one detection device for contactless detection of at least one property and / or position of the person or the object. According to a development of the method according to the invention, it is provided in this context that the inflation speed is adjusted in accordance with at least one such contactless recognition device.

If the cover - similar to airbags known today from motor vehicle technology - is inflated by means of a pyrotechnic gas generator, a further development of the device according to the invention provides that the control means have at least one gas-generating propellant and an ignition unit assigned to it can be initiated by means of the detection device. To create one Inflation speed that can be adapted to the respective situation is further provided that the propellant charge is made up of several parts and that the propellant charge parts can be ignited at different times. By means of such a multi-stage gas generator module, the properties of the device sought within the scope of the object of the invention can be achieved in a simple and inexpensive manner by inventive further development of known methods or devices.

A preferred development of the device according to the invention provides that the propellant parts are arranged in a single housing and have different ignition delays and / or different burn-off speeds. Each propellant part is preferably assigned its own ignition unit. In this way, in connection with different ignition strategies and time delays, a large variety of pressure-time curves (inflation speeds) can be generated for the envelope:

In order to create a simple and space-saving design of the device according to the invention, it is provided that the propellant parts are housed separately in a single housing and each ignition unit is accommodated in the housing in accordance with the local arrangement of the propellant part. The propellant parts are preferably made of the same propellant but have to achieve different Abbrandgeschwindkeiten ^'in each case have different shapes, density or particle distribution on j.

In particular, if a device according to the invention is to be used against people, any gas generator material that is present must not have a disadvantageous effect on their physical well-being. A further education of the The device according to the invention is therefore provided for the propellant charge to contain non-toxic components only for persons. From the point of view of the greatest possible environmental compatibility, the propellant therefore preferably contains nitrogen-rich and low-carbon organic compounds, such as nitroguanidine (NIGU) and guanidine dinotretraazolate (GZT). In this way it is ensured that the reaction products formed even when using the device according to the invention do not contain any toxic substances even in traces.

In principle, all possible textile, polymer, gas and carbon fibers come into question as airbag materials. To rule out, if possible, impure damage to the casing, in particular willful damage in the inflated state, an extremely preferred development of the device according to the invention provides that the casing is made of a flame-retardant material. The sheath is preferably additionally or alternatively formed in a material which is stable against mechanical damage, such as puncturing with pointed objects, such as from modern polymer fibers (for example 'Kevlar®, Vectran® PBI or Zylon® PBO). The individual fibers and the complete casing can be coated in order to improve the properties with regard to mechanical, chemical and thermal stability.

In order to develop an effect that goes beyond a mere blocking function when used to protect against or to protect people, a further development of the device according to the invention provides that the sheath has an active coating on at least one area of its outside facing the person or the object is provided. Such an active coating according to the invention can be found therein exist that the shell has adhesive properties at least in some areas. People are thus hindered in the event of contact of the envelope in their movements, they that direct contact with this be avoided if possible, what the objective of protecting both the person defended against benefits ^■ and the shell. According to a further development of the device according to the invention, the active coating can be provided with spike-like tips at least in some areas. This is particularly useful if the device according to the invention is used as a relatively permanent protection, for example of buildings, analogous to conventional security devices such as barbed wire or the like.

Preferred developments of the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention provide that the casing is inflated with a hardening substance. In this way, the device according to the invention can also be used for permanent blocking, for example of roads, or as effective protection against particularly heavy and / or rapidly moving objects such as motor vehicles, airplanes or the like. The hardening substance can be, for example, polyurethane foam or the like.

So that the function of the device according to the invention is retained even if the casing is damaged, a development of the device according to the invention provides that a self-sealing medium for closing holes in the casing can be introduced into the casing by means of a sealing device. For this purpose, the device according to the invention preferably has a pressure measuring device for measuring a pressure in the casing and for activating the sealing device, so that the holes in the casing are closed by introducing the self-sealing measurement. This should be done as soon as possible after the cover has been damaged before it has lost all or part of its protective function.

The previously described embodiments of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention have in common that the protection created in this way can be eliminated within a short time, in contrast to comparable conventional security concepts, after the danger has ceased to exist. However, in order to erect a barrier that is expedient even when exposed to external influences, it is generally necessary to position it securely and in a stationary manner. Further developments of the method according to the invention therefore provide that the envelope is inflated from a stationary structure. To protect moving objects, such as land or sea vehicles, the cover can also be inflated from a movable supporting structure. Further developments of the device according to the invention accordingly provide that the casing is connected to a stationary or a movable (supporting) structure. Such support structures can be arranged, for example, in front of systems to be protected or on vehicles to be protected (prophylactically), and develop their full protective effect by inflating the cover in the event of danger, the cover being in a defined, intended position due to its connection to the (support) structure remains.

To prevent removal of the support structure along with the (inflated) envelope to prevent, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention it is provided that the support structure includes attachment means for fixedly connecting with a fixed structure ^'. According to a further development of the device according to the invention, the fastening means can be connecting means for connecting to complementary devices on or in the stationary structure. Alternatively or additionally, the fastening means can have anchoring means for automatic anchoring in or on the stationary structure. The stationary structure can be, for example, the roadway of a street on which the device according to the invention is to be used for blocking purposes. In particular in front of systems or buildings to be secured, complementary devices for connecting to the connecting means of the device can already be arranged there. In the case of soft substrates in particular, automatic anchoring of the device according to the invention is appropriate, for example by pneumatic introduction of hook-like or claw-type anchoring means into the substrate.

The supporting structure of the device according to the invention can be formed from rigid structural elements in each case. However, in order to make the supporting structure as small as possible for storage or transport purposes, in the course of a further development of the device according to the invention it is provided that it has a number of structural elements which are each telescopically movable relative to one another in pairs for unfolding or folding the supporting structure are. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the support structure is designed as an inflatable envelope structure. It is thus also possible to design the entire device according to the invention comprising the support structure and the envelope in an inflatable and thus optimally space-saving form before use.

In order not to limit the action of the device according to the invention on people or moving objects to the punctual and one-time inflation of the casing, an extremely preferred development of the device according to the invention provides that the supporting structure additionally carries out tel for non-lethal agents. Such active agents can be aerosols or gaseous substances, for example water mist and / or mist of another kind, smoke, odorous substances, pepper spray or irritant gases, by means of which persons to be defended are impaired in their ability to act, at least for a short time. The use of optical irritants, such as ^' highly dazzling light sources, or of far-reaching electrical repellents is also possible. To obtain the domestic tegralen automatic protection function of the ^'device of the invention, the application means are preferably controlled by signals of the detection device can be activated.

According to a development of the device according to the invention, it is provided that it has a control unit for selecting a priority manual or automatic operation of the device. In this way, after the selection has been made, the device can also be operated automatically without operating personnel present, for example at night or at remote locations. On the other hand, the device according to the invention can also be activated and controlled manually - by a so-called "man-in-the-loop" - in particular in the case of complex, unclear hazard situations.

The device according to the invention described above is extremely versatile. It is preferably suitable for use to protect fixed systems or structures, for example factories, sports stadiums, government buildings or the like, in particular from groups of people, aircraft or vehicles. Accordingly, the device according to the invention can also be used to block an airport runway. Another preferred use of the device according to the invention is _. influencing groups of people at major public events, such as sporting events or political rallies. In this way, it is possible for the law enforcement officers to react flexibly to an escalation of violence on the part of the groups of people, without the countermeasures that may have to be taken being recognizable in advance and thus contributing to the beginning of an escalation.

With regard to the global ban on landmines, the inventive device is particularly suitable for use as mine replacement as it can and penetration into ^'a certain cordoned area, particularly because of their -Schreckwirkung effectively prevent addition by associated with their activation Acoustic and / or visual indicators (light, noise) clearly indicate an unauthorized intrusion for security personnel present.

In addition, the device according to the invention is also suitable for use for protecting moving objects, in particular from groups of people, aircraft or vehicles. For example, the device according to the invention can be used to prevent direct contact of a remote-controlled explosive-laden boat with an attacked ship, so that extensive reduction or even complete prevention of the damage can be expected. Use against underwater diving attacks is also possible.

Further properties and advantages of the invention result from the claims and the drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown. Show it :

Fig.l is a schematic view of a device according to the invention with an anchored directly in the ground

Support structure on the inflatable sleeves as well. other different locking devices are attached;

2 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention with a plate anchored in the floor and an inflatable support structure;

3 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the device according to the invention;

^■ 4 shows a gas generator module of the invention

Device with two ignition units and two different propellant parts for adjusting the unfolding speed;

5a-d examples of the reaction mixture and variously shaped blowing agents with which different gas emission rates can be achieved;

6 shows pressure-time curves when igniting a two-stage gas generator module in a 601 container and an inflatable envelope;

FIG. 2 shows the time course of the maximum speeds when an inflatable envelope is unfolded by means of a two-stage module;

Fig. 8a in a schematic representation of the principle a distance measurement using images supplied by two cameras as an example of a detection device of the device according to the invention; ^• and

8b the result of the distance measurement according to the method shown in Fig.8a.

Fig.l shows ^' schematically the use of a device according to the invention in the unfolded state as a barrier arrangement 1, for example as a barrier arrangement 1 to prevent access to a building located behind the arrangement (not shown).

In the embodiment shown, the locking arrangement 1 has a supporting structure 2, which is formed by supporting columns 3, 3 ', 3' 'arranged next to one another in 3 "of a row. The supporting columns 3, 3', 3" have feet in their foot region - Fixing elements 4, by means of which they are anchored directly in the floor β via anchoring means 5. The supporting columns 3, - 3 ', 3' 'are connected to the fastening elements 4 via quick-release fasteners 7.

The support columns 3 are designed as one-piece rigid structural elements. In contrast, the support column 3 'is composed of three individual elements 3.1', 3.2 ', 3.3', for example put together. The support column 3 '' is composed of several telescopic retractable and extendable sub-elements.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, different types of locking elements or screening elements are arranged between the supporting columns 3, 3 ', 3'': The locking arrangement 1 according to the invention has one between the supporting columns 3, 3' inflatable sleeve 8, which is shown in Fig.l in the inflated state. The inflatable envelope 8 is of a construction that is used in a similar form as an airbag in motor vehicles. It advantageously consists of a multilayer and / or reinforced polymer material, such as Kevlar®, Vectran®, Zylon® or the like, and is therefore suitably non-flammable and insensitive to mechanical loads. The casing 8 is fastened to the adjacent support columns 3, 3 'by means of a plurality of fastening elements 9.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, a crossbar 10 is arranged between the support columns 3 in the left part of FIG. 1 and fastened by means of quick-release fasteners 11. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the crossbar 10, together with the support columns 3, serves to close the opening existing between the support columns 3 by means of a curtain 12. The curtain 12 is connected to the support columns 3 and the crossbar 10 via further fastening elements 9 - only a selection of which is shown in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity. The curtain 12, like the cover 8, can be made of a material that can withstand high mechanical and thermal loads and, in particular, is opaque, i.e. be designed as a privacy screen. However, it is also possible to equip the locking arrangement 1 according to the invention with transparent curtains 12, so that although this prevents access to systems located behind the locking arrangement 1, these can still be recognized through the locking arrangement. It is also on this

Security personnel located behind the locking arrangement 1 are able to observe persons to be defended or the like who are on the other side of the locking arrangement 1. In addition or as an alternative to the inflatable sheaths 8 and curtains 12 shown, nets 13 can also be arranged between the support columns, as shown in the right part of FIG. 1 using the example of the support columns 3 ′, 3 ″.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support columns 3 have a number of nozzles 14 for dispensing non-lethal active substances. Such active agents can be, in particular, aerosols or gaseous substances, such as ^, for example, water mist and / or mist of another kind, smoke, odorous substances, pepper spray or irritant gases. Analogously to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, instead of the nozzles 14 it is also possible to provide optical irritation means, such as highly dazzling headlights, firing devices for rubber bullets, electrical defense means or the like. In this way it can be prevented that persons to be defended in particular get too close to and / or damage the locking arrangement 1 according to the invention. By the pre. see additional non-lethal agents, the installer of the locking arrangement 1 is also enabled to gradually adapt to their level in the event of an increasing escalation of violence.

A detection device 15 is arranged in the upper region of the support column 3 'in the exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention shown. This can in particular be a proximity sensor, the output signal of which activates the active agents provided, for example the nozzles 14. Accordingly, such recognition devices 15 can preferably also be arranged in the other support columns 3, 3 ″.

Such detection devices also perform a number of other functions: blocking elements such as the inflatable envelope 8, after the support structure 2 of the locking arrangement 1 according to the invention has been built up, are initially in a collapsed, space-saving state, in which they are expediently already connected to the adjacent support columns 3, 3 ′ of the support structure 2 by the fastening elements 9. In the event of an approach of people and / or moving objects to be warded off, which is reported by the recognition device 15, or in accordance with appropriately authorized operating personnel, the casing 8 can be removed using a suitable device (cf.

Inflate and so quickly and efficiently blocks the passage between the support columns 3, 3 '. After the end of the hazardous situation, such a blocking element can be easily folded up and removed again.

If the support structure 2 contains telescopic support columns 3 ″, the detection device 15 can also be used to move the support columns 3 ″ from a first retracted state (not shown) to an extended state when people and / or objects to be defended are approached for the first time. see Fig.l) to transfer. For this purpose, the support columns 3 ″ have suitable pneumatic means or the like, which are not shown explicitly in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity (see FIG. 3).

The support columns 3, 3 ', 3''or the fastening elements 4 can be anchored in the base 6, as shown in the left part of FIG. 1, in such a way that suitable complementary anchoring means 16, with which the anchoring means are arranged, are arranged in the base 6 5 cooperate for the purpose of anchoring the fastening elements 4 for the support columns 3, 3 ', 3''. However, in the course of a locally flexible use of the locking arrangement 1 according to the invention, it is also possible to anchor the anchoring means 5 locally and independently, directly in the floor 6. Kerber means 5 are preferably hook-like or claw-like and are introduced directly into the floor 6 in a suitable manner, for example pneumatically. Such anchoring methods are particularly appropriate for soft floors. In the case of hard floors and non-existent complementary anchoring means 16, the latter can be created at short notice, for example by drilling and doweling, so that in this case too, the locking arrangement 1 according to the invention can be erected with only a small amount of time.

2 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention, which is designed as a locking arrangement 1 with a support structure 2, the support columns 3 of which are also designed as inflatable sleeves (airbags). The support column airbags 3 are fastened to a base plate 17 by means of fastening elements 4 and connecting means 5, which in turn is anchored in the base 6 by means of further anchoring means 5 '. The base plate 17 is anchored in the base 6 as described with reference to the exemplary embodiment in FIG.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, a single inflatable envelope 8 (left), a plurality of modularly arranged envelopes 8 ′ (middle) and a film 12 configured similarly to the curtain of FIG. 1 are arranged between the support columns 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown, each of the inflatable sleeves 8, 8 'or the support columns 3 has its own inflator 18, which can be a multi-stage gas generator module (cf. FIG. 4). However, it is also possible to inflate the sleeves 8, 8 'and the support columns 3 by compressors. Gas bottles or exhaust gases, for example by connecting to the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. The locking arrangement 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 can be flexibly set up locally with a collapsed support columns 3 and sleeves 8, 8 'together with the base plate 17 at virtually any location and, if necessary, by activating the inflating devices 18 in their entirety in an efficient manner unfold effective locking arrangement 1. After subsequent folding of the sleeves 8, 8 'and the support columns 3, an equally flexible dismantling of the locking arrangement 1 is possible.

The Figure 3 shows by means of a block diagram the essential control components of a lock arrangement 1. This has in the exemplary embodiment ^'game of Figure 3 before closing arrangement 1 (on the right of the overall dashed vertical line), two detection devices 15, 15' in the form of the invention Distance sensors or proximity sensors (see Fig.8a). These are connected via suitable signal lines S to a higher-level control unit 19 located behind the locking arrangement 1 (left part of FIG. 3). The control unit 19 controls the dispensing units for non-lethal active agents, shown here in the form of nozzles 14, and the inflating devices 18 of the blocking arrangement 1 via corresponding control units 14 'and 18'.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, the higher-level control unit 19 is designed such that the security personnel P can also exert a direct manual control influence on the device according to the invention. In particular, in the course of such an embodiment, it is possible to operate the locking arrangement 1 according to the invention either completely manually by the security personnel P or fully automatically controlled. Together with the control unit 18 ', the control unit 19 is preferably set up for a pressure measurement inside the sleeves 8, 8' and the support columns 3. In the event of a sudden drop in pressure, for example due to damage, the inflating device 18 can perform a further function as a sealing device by introducing a self-sealing medium (sealing spray) into the damaged envelope or support column.

The distance sensors 15, 15 'are preferably arranged at different distances from the locking arrangement 1, as shown schematically in FIG. 3, and thus serve, on the one hand, such as the sensor 15', for the timely generation of control signals to the control unit 19 which are used to erect the Blocking arrangement 1 by inflation (cf.

Fig. 2) or extend (see Fig. 1) of the support structure 2. The distance sensor 15 located closer to the blocking arrangement 1 according to the invention, on the other hand, serves to activate the nozzles 14, by means of which, with a corresponding approach to persons to be defended, further non-lethal active agents can be deployed.

FIG. 4 shows a gas generator module as can be used in the inflating units 18 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 for the blocking arrangement 1 according to the invention. As is known in airbag applications in motor vehicles, a pyrotechnic mixture used as a gas generator burns quickly, so that the associated inflatable shells 8, 8 'are inflated very quickly. Large locking arrangements 1 can be realized in a modular design, as shown in FIG. In addition, the burning pyrotechnic mixture produces a loud bang and creates a particle cloud during inflation, the latter effects being acoustically as well as from a great distance optically identify what contributes to the desired effect of the device according to the invention.

In order for inflatable covers, as a further development of known airbag systems, to meet the requirements for non-lethal locks formulated at the outset, the inflation rate of the cover has to be matched to the desired protective effect. In the use of gas generators analogous to conventional airbags requires a vari- ^• ablen gas emissions, taking into account the circumstances of the deployment and location of a person or of an averted be defended object. The airbag system should deploy either gradually or aggressively, depending on the situation. When using multi-stage gas generators, the sensors 15 '(FIG. 3) as well as the control unit 19 and the corresponding control units 18' have to be used to analyze the deployment situation in the course of a highly developed risk management and to trigger a suitable gas emission from the gas generator Ignition a certain number of stages can be formed within variable time intervals.

The decision options of the control unit 19 with regard to triggering an inflatable envelope of the blocking arrangement according to the invention can be summarized in the form of an event matrix depending on the distances or the constitution of the persons concerned. In particular, a desired level of impact, the angle of impact, the size of the person and position data must be taken into account.

A “normal” position is understood to mean that a person or a vehicle passes the airbag barrier within its deployment range, but not directly at the location of the airbag itself. The people can look at differ in size and weight and can have different speeds of movement. The sensor system should be able to recognize this situation. The distance of the person from the airbag was divided into four areas in which the control unit should react in accordance with the actual position and situation (see Table 1). The own movement of the person or the object should also be taken into account.

Table 1: • Risk areas and situations of an inflatable barrier

An inflatable envelope that can be adapted for locking purposes can be implemented by using control means for the inflation speed, for example in the form of a two-chamber combustion module, which is ignited by two primer amplifier arrangements with variable time delay. Such a control means is part of the inflator 18 (Fig.2, 3) and shown in Fig. 4 (without cover) as an example. The combustion module 20 according to FIG. 4 has a combustion chamber 21 with two decentrally arranged 'ignition points 22, 22' and can be filled with modular propellants 23, 23 'made from small 24 and large pellets 24' (see FIGS. 5a-d) ,

In connection with different ignition strategies and time delays, a large variety of pressure-time curves or inflation speeds can be generated with such a control means (cf. Fig. 6 and Fig. 7).

FIG. 6 shows the deployment of a 601 airbag based on various pressure-time curves (pt curves) for differently staggered ignition of a combustion module according to FIG. 4. In principle 'also determine the shape and the folding of the envelope unfolding in the axial direction and perpendicular to ^the' axis.

The maximum speed of a conventional airbag is in the order of 100 to 350 km / h. 7 shows the maximum speeds for simultaneous and staggered firing of the module. 7 shows two examples of the unfolding speed v of an inflatable envelope that can be achieved by means of a combustion module according to FIG. 4 as a function of time t. The squares in Fig. 7 mark a complete and simultaneous ignition of both stages. In contrast, the points show a combustion process in which a propellant part with 30% of the total propellant mass was ignited with a time delay of 3 ms. A corresponding shift in the maximum of the speed v towards later times t can be observed.

The gas generator material must in particular when the device according to the invention is used to ward off People are non-toxic and also environmentally friendly. The reaction products must also not contain any toxic products, even in traces. Azide-free gas generator mixtures are preferably suitable in this connection: An azide-free gas generator mixture can be based on nitrogen-rich and low-carbon organic compounds, for example nitroguanidine (NIGU), triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN), guanidine azoteetrazolate (GZT), 5-aminotetrazole, etc. . getting produced. In particular, the nitrogen-rich and low-carbon organic compounds GZT and NIGU were selected and processed to mix gas generators for a device according to the invention. Such mixtures also have 0. oxidizing agents and catalysts. ,

Several GZT and NIGU propellants were made for testing and adjustment purposes. The more suitable blowing agent GZT is available in sufficient quantities for industrial production. GZT is also produced in a form that can be used directly for the mixing process in the production of propellant. The ^' mixtures ^{' produced in this way} are chemically and mechanically stable against heating and shock and do not contain any toxic compounds in a quantity exceeding the limit values, neither in the material itself nor in the gaseous products. They are easy to ignite and their total or particle size can be easily modified in order to achieve different burning rates. The gas discharge ^'is of the order of 500 1 / kg and meets the other requirements that are imposed on inflation gases for airbags. 5a-d show different configurations of a gas generator mixture: FIG. 5a shows the fine-grained starting material for the production of propellants. The pellets in FIG. 5b 'are cylindrical like those in FIG. 5c, but with a significantly larger ratio of cylinder height to base area. The individual pellet shown enlarged in FIG. 5d additionally has a hole in the middle to enlarge its surface.

An airbag for drivers of motor vehicles, which is common today, unfolds within about 40 ms. For side airbags, the deployment time is approximately half of this value. A controlled response for locking applications should be estimated within 10 ms. The sensor signals must therefore be significantly faster.

The basics of the sensor technology used in the detection devices (see FIGS. 1 and 3) are preferably the same as those on which many other known applications are based. They can include:

- Optical (laser) techniques in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength range such as light barriers, light curtains, possibly with spatial scanning, - Ultrasound transmitters and detectors,

- microwave sensors,

- touch and weight sensors,

- Deformation sensors as well

- Video techniques in the visible and infrared (NIR, IR) wavelength range with and without lighting.

An observation by means of a CCD or CMOS camera with additional illumination of people corresponding image processing is shown in Fig. 8a and 8b. This type of observation fulfills the above-mentioned criteria and is particularly useful in very important areas such as entrance areas, corridors, tunnels, etc. Distance measurement is performed using two CCD cameras 15.1, (as shown by the ^'in only one 9a) 15.2 and, if appropriate illumination devices 15.3 in terms of an excellent area on the object to recognize nenden 0 and a reference point.

It is based on a triangulation method that analyzes the movement of a selected point on the sensitive surface of the CCD cameras 15.1, 15.2. The image processing takes place in the control unit 19 (FIG. 3) as follows:

- Two areas are selected within which the images recorded by cameras 15.1, 15.2 are compared.

- A normalized value of a mean square error (MSE) of these ranges is calculated by the intensity differences of corresponding pixels quadratic ^'are summed table.

The area is shifted over the full detector area of the cameras 15.1, 15.2 in order to find locations with small MSE values which indicate a similarity of images.

- The number of pixels d, to which the area will be moved to reach the similarity had, is related to the removal of the ^■ object to be analyzed. This relationship is shown in FIG. 8b, in which an object distance z is plotted against the pixel shift d. With a camera distance b (Fig.8a): z = fb / d ■ (1)

if f denotes the focal length of the camera lenses.

The distance measurement error increases inversely proportional to the distance from the sensor system. This is acceptable because the need for precise measurements is primarily in the vicinity of the blocking arrangement, which in turn is arranged in spatial proximity to the sensor position. In addition, the size of a person or object can be estimated using the specified method.

There is generally a connection between the resolution of the optical sensor system, the readout time, the data processing time and the purchase price. However, the recovery rates of the camera sensors 15.1, 15.2 can already be achieved with a low price system. Recovery rates for data transfer to the electronic control unit (FIG. 3) of 20 ms and below can be achieved with improved, already available processors. Another advantage of the detection device described is that it is possible to save images taken immediately before the folding process of the locking arrangement. This makes it possible to subsequently identify the situation that leads to unfolding.

The electronic control unit 19 must release the unfolding process on the basis of information provided by the recognition device 15 '(FIG. 3). The control unit 19 and / or the

Control unit 18 'contain electrical power drivers for triggering the inflation devices 18. The hardware of the electronic control unit carries out the following tasks: - ^• Process the sensor signals from the optical

Recognition device are transmitted, as well as other stored information;

-. Execution of a suitable evaluation algorithm for analyzing the sensor signals (cf. equation 1) and for deriving a decision; and

Triggering the inflators, whereupon the inflatable sleeves unfold.

The control unit 19 evaluates all the data of the external sensors 15, 15 'and the internal status with assignment

- the reactions envisaged for various events (see Table 1),

- the data of the recognition device: supplying information relating to the distance, size, weight, etc. and triggering the corresponding inflator depending on the signals from the recognition devices and the requirements specified.

The evaluation software contained in the control unit 19 must consist of several parts:

- a diagnostic module,

- a self-test module, - a condition monitoring module,

- an algorithm module,

- the monitoring module for the sensor that detects temporary people and, if applicable, - other parts and / or modules.

The following Table 2 summarizes once again the possible uses of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention.

Table 2: Possible uses for barrier arrangements with inflatable sleeves

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 locking arrangement

supporting structure

3, 3 ',. 3 '' support column _• f) _• f _• 3 'sub-element (from 3')

4 fastener

5, 5 'anchoring means β floor

7 quick release

8, 8 'inflatable envelope

9 fastener

10 cross members

11 quick release

12 curtain / foil

13 network

14 nozzle

14 '. Control unit (for 14)

15, 15 'recognition device

15.1 camera 15. 2 camera

15. 3 lighting device

16 complementary anchoring means

17 base plate

18 inflator / sealing device

18 'control unit (for 18)

19 control unit

20 control means / combustion module

21 Combustion chamber / housing 10 2 222 ,, 2 222 '' ignition unit

23, 23 'propellant part

24, 24 'pellet

15 d image shift z distance b distance

0 object t time

^'20 v inflation pressure p

P security guards

Claims

claims

1. A method for protection against or for defense against moving objects or people, characterized in that, in the event of danger, at least one envelope from a collapsed, space-saving state is inflated to a barrier by means of a gas introduced into the envelope or a gas-generating medium.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inflation of the envelope is initiated by a proximity sensor triggered by the person or the object.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the proximity sensor detects the person or the object without contact.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the proximity sensor system by touching out is resolved.

Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the envelope is inflated at a variable speed.

A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the envelope is inflated at a variable speed during an inflation process.

A method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the inflation speed is adjusted depending on at least one property of the person or the object.

A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the adaptation is carried out in accordance with at least one non-contact detection device.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the envelope is inflated with a hardening substance.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a self-sealing in the shell

Medium for closing holes in the shell is introduced.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the shell of a stationary

Structure is inflated from.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the shell of a movable Support structure is inflated from.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the support structure is attached to a stationary structure before inflating the shell.

14. Device for protection against or for defense against moving objects or people, characterized by at least one in the event of danger from a collapsed space-saving state by means of a gas or a gas-generating medium to form an inflatable barrier (8, 8 ').

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized by a proximity sensor system (15, 19) for initiating the inflation process.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the proximity sensor system (15, 19) is designed for contactless detection of people or objects (0).

17. The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the proximity sensor system (15, 19) can be triggered by touching.

18. Device according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized by control means (18) for controlling an inflation speed of the envelope (8, 8 ').

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized by at least one detection device (15 ') for providing input signals for the control means (18)

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the recognition device (15 ') is designed to recognize at least one property and / or position of the person or the object (0).

21. The apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the detection device (15 ') is designed for contactless detection of at least one property and / or position of the person or object' (0).

22. The device according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the control means (18) have at least one gas-generating propellant charge (23, 23 ') and an ignition unit (22, 22') associated therewith, which by means of the detection device (15 ') can be initiated.

23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the propellant charge (23, 23 ') is formed in several parts.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the propellant charge parts (23, 23 ') can be fired at different times _. are.

25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the propellant parts (23, 23 ') are arranged in a single housing (21) and have different ignition delay and / or different burn-up speed.

26. The apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that each propellant charge part (23, 23 ') has its own ignition unit. unit (22, 22 ') is assigned.

27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the propellant parts (23, 23 ') are accommodated locally separately in a single housing (21) and each ignition unit (22, - 22') in accordance with the local arrangement of the propellant part (23 , 23 ') is housed in the housing (21).

28. Device according to one of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that the propellant parts (23, 23 ') consist of the same fuel, but have different shapes (24, 24'), density or particle distribution.

29. Device according to one of claims 22 to 28, characterized in that the propellant charge (23, 23 ') contains components which are non-toxic only for persons.

^■ 30. The device according to any one of claims 22 to 29, characterized in that the propellant charge nitrogen-rich and low-carbon organic compounds, such Nitroguan- din (NIGU) and Guanidinazotetrazolat (CCT) contains.

31. Device according to one of claims 14 to 30, characterized in that the sheath (8, 8 ') is formed in a flame-retardant material.

32. Device according to one of claims 14 to 31, characterized in that the sheath (8, 8 ') is formed in a material which is stable against mechanical damage.

33. Device according to one of claims 14 to 32, characterized in that the casing is provided with an active coating on at least one area of its outside facing the person or the object (0).

34. Device according to claim 33, characterized in that the active coating has adhesive properties at least in some areas.

35. Apparatus according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the active coating is at least partially equipped with spike-like tips.

36. Device according to one of claims 14 to 35, characterized in that the sheath (8, 8 ') is inflatable with a hardening substance.

37. Device according to one of claims 14 to 36, characterized in that a self-sealing medium for closing holes in the casing (8, 8 ') can be introduced into the casing (8, 8') by means of a sealing device (18).

38. Device according to claim 37, characterized by a pressure measuring device (18 '., 19) for measuring a pressure

(p) in the casing (8, 8 ') and for activating the sealing device (18).

39. Device according to one of claims 14 to 38, characterized in that the sheath (8, 8 ') is connected to a stationary structure.

40. Device according to one of claims 14 to 38, characterized in that the sheath (8, 8 ') with a movable lie supporting structure (2) is connected.

41. Device according to claim 40, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) has fastening means (4) for fixed connection to a stationary structure.

42. Device according to claim 41. characterized in that the fastening means (4) have connecting means (15) for connecting to complementary devices (16) on the stationary structure (6).

43. Device according to claim 41, characterized in that the fastening means (4) have anchoring means (5) for automatically anchoring in or on the stationary structure (6).

44. Device after. one of claims 40 to 43, characterized in that the supporting structure of each rigid ren Strukturele ^'segments (3.1', 3.2 ', 3.3') is formed.

45. Device according to claim 44, characterized in that a number of structural elements for unfolding or folding are each telescopically movable relative to one another in pairs.

46. Device according to one of claims 40 to 43, characterized in that the support structure (2) is designed as an inflatable shell structure.

47. Device according to one of claims 40 to 46, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) has application means (14) for non-lethal active agents.

48. Device according to claim 47, characterized in that the application means (14) by signals _. the detection device (15) can be activated.

49. Device according to one of claims 14 to 48, characterized by a control device (19) for selecting a priority manual or automatic operation of the device.

50. Use of a device according to one of claims 14 to 49 for the protection of fixed systems or structures, in particular from groups of people, aircraft or vehicles.

51. Use of a device according to one of claims 14 to 49 for protecting moving objects, in particular from groups of people, aircraft or vehicles.

52. Use of a device according to one of claims 14 to 49 for influencing groups of people at major public events, such as sporting events or political rallies.

53. Use of a device according to one of claims 14 to 38 as a mine replacement.