WO2003021343A1 - Afficheur transmissif a polariseur reflechissant dispose du cote utilisateur - Google Patents

Afficheur transmissif a polariseur reflechissant dispose du cote utilisateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003021343A1
WO2003021343A1 PCT/IB2002/003465 IB0203465W WO03021343A1 WO 2003021343 A1 WO2003021343 A1 WO 2003021343A1 IB 0203465 W IB0203465 W IB 0203465W WO 03021343 A1 WO03021343 A1 WO 03021343A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display device
liquid crystal
set forth
light
crystal layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2002/003465
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tore Nauta
Johannes A. M. M. Van Haaren
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2003021343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003021343A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a transmissive display device, comprising a plurality of optical shutter elements as well as a reflective light redirecting device, and specifically it relates to liquid crystal display devices comprising a reflective back panel.
  • cathode ray tube displays have been the common choice for applications such as computer displays and television sets.
  • Cathode ray tube technology does however result in large appliances and has other drawbacks, which has resulted in a decrease in the use of CRTs in favour of displays based on other technologies.
  • One technology that currently is growing rapidly is displays based on liquid crystal technology (LCDs). These kinds of displays have many advantages compared with traditional CRTs, e.g. their flatness, thickness and power consumption.
  • CRTs show an effect referred to as sparkling, i.e. the effect that a small white displayed area will produce more light, if the rest of the display becomes darker, i.e. the display load becomes lower.
  • the upper curve in fig 1 shows this effect.
  • This curve shows the measured luminance of a white test square on a CRT as a function of the average luminance level of the complete input signal, i.e. the display load.
  • the luminance output has a fixed value that is relatively high ( ⁇ 400cd/m 2 ).
  • the average luminance level of the input signal exceeds a fixed value, the luminance output decreases.
  • the average tube current becomes too high and therefor, it is limited.
  • the lower curve in fig 1 It shows the average luminance value of the CRT output picture versus the average luminance value of the input signal. First, the output increases linear with the input signal. Then at said fixed value, i.e. at a critical display load, the current is limited and the average luminance output remains constant.
  • the luminance value of the white pixels does not depend on the contents of the rest of the picture. It remains constant at a relatively low level, as may be seen in fig 2.
  • the average luminance output of the display increases linearly with the average luminance levels of the input signal.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a display that enhances the brightness of bright parts in a displayed image.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a display having a brightness of bright parts of a displayed image that increases when an increasing part of the rest of the display displays dark scenes.
  • One further object of the invention is to provide a display that may be easily manufactured using standard components.
  • Yet one object of the invention is to provide a display, furthermore demonstrating a good daylight contrast.
  • the transmissive display device have optical shutter elements being formed by a liquid crystal display device, comprising a liquid crystal layer as mentioned by way of introduction, whereby a polarisation selective reflection/transmission component is arranged on a viewer side of said liquid crystal layer.
  • a polarisation selective reflection/transmission component is arranged on a viewer side of said liquid crystal layer.
  • said light redirecting device is a reflective back panel, suitably having a built-in diffuser function, whereby reflected light may be redistributed to other shutter elements, areas or pixels of the display.
  • a reflective back panel suitably having a built-in diffuser function, whereby reflected light may be redistributed to other shutter elements, areas or pixels of the display.
  • said polarisation selective reflection/transmission device is a reflective polariser, and furthermore a light source, such as a backlight panel, is preferably arranged between said liquid crystal layer and said reflective back panel.
  • a second polariser is arranged between the light source and the liquid crystal layer.
  • said polarisation selective reflection/transmission device is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, being a rather well tested and simple component.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is designed to reflect either right- or left-handed essentially circularly polarised light
  • a ⁇ /4 plate is preferably arranged between the liquid crystal cell and said cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • said liquid crystal layer exhibits ⁇ /4 retardation, in which the orientation of the optic axis is switchable.
  • said liquid crystal layer is preferably switchable between ⁇ /4 retardation and 3 ⁇ /4 retardation.
  • said polarisation selective reflection/transmission device is a stack of layers, having alternately isotropic and anisotropic refractive index.
  • a further absorbing polariser is arranged on the viewing side of said polarisation selective reflection/transmission device.
  • a further ⁇ /4 plate is preferably arranged between said polarisation selective reflection/ transmission device and said absorbing polariser, in the case that said polarisation selective reflection/transmission device is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • Fig 1 is a diagram showing the measured relation of CRT luminance output of a white square versus the average luminance level of the input signal, according to prior art.
  • Fig 2 is a diagram showing the LCD luminance output of a white square versus the average luminance level of the input signal, according to prior art.
  • Fig 3 is a diagram showing the luminance of an LCD, when CRT behaviour is mimicked by means of signal processing.
  • Fig 4a and 4b shows a schematic arrangement in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, in a white and in a black mode, respectively.
  • Fig 5 a and 5b shows a schematic arrangement in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, in a white and in a black mode, respectively.
  • Fig 6a and 6b shows a schematic arrangement in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention, in a white and in a black mode, respectively.
  • Fig 7 shows a schematic arrangement in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention, in a white and in a black mode, respectively, having an improved daylight contrast.
  • Fig 8 shows a schematic arrangement of the fourth embodiment of the invention in accordance with fig 7, in a white and in a black mode, respectively, showing recycling or absorption of ambient light.
  • Fig 9 is a schematic drawing showing the beam path through a monochrome LC display in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig 10 is a schematic drawing showing the beam path through a colour LC display in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, having a cholesteric layer within the LC-cell.
  • Fig 11 is a schematic representation of the light recycling process in an LC display in accordance with the invention.
  • images in LCD-panels are generated by means of selective light absorption in a polariser.
  • a white pixel light is transmitted, and is allowed to reach the eye of an observer.
  • dark pixels the light is absorbed in the display, and consequently never reaches the eye of the observer.
  • This invention is based on the realisation that, if it would be possible to redistribute the light that is not directly used by the dark pixels, to other pixels, instead of letting the light be absorbed for the dark pixels, a non- linear behaviour, similar to the sparkling effect in a CRT would be obtained. For a dark scene, the pixels of a bright area would then be able to receive light from the surrounding dark pixels.
  • a first embodiment of this invention is shown in fig 4a and 4b.
  • a driven liquid crystal cell 1 such as a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, is placed between crossed polarisers, a front polariser 5, on the observer side of the liquid crystal cell 1, and a back polariser 2.
  • Said front polariser 5 is a reflecting polariser having the effect that light having one polarisation is transmitted, while light having an orthogonal polarisation is reflected. Consequently, such a component for example separates unpolarised incident light into two components, each being linearly polarised, whereby the first component is transmitted, while the other one is reflected.
  • a reflective polariser may for example be realised by using cholesteric layers or alternating stacks of layers having isotropic and anisotropic refractive indexes.
  • a backlight is arranged 3 (illustrated as a single light source on fig 5), and behind it, a diffusing reflector plate 4.
  • a reflective polariser 5 at a viewer side of the LCD cell 1 reflects light from dark parts of the screen back to the backlight 3, where it is reflected and diffused by said reflector plate 4. This increases the brightness of the effective backlight, and for darker scenes, the brightness increase is larger than for brighter scenes. Thereby a sparkling effect, as described above, is generated.
  • a cholesteric reflective polariser may be used in the above-described configuration of the invention.
  • This embodiment of the invention is shown in fig 5, in which the same parts have the same reference numbers as in fig 4, however pre- noted with a numeral "1", and will therefore not be described again here.
  • a quarter wave plate 16 between the liquid crystal cell 11 and a cholesteric reflective polariser 15, as shown in fig 5a and 5b.
  • ⁇ is the absorption factor for each reflection and 1 is the transmission level. Without light recycling, the output from the display would be ⁇ *l.
  • a separate quarter-wave retardation plate 6 is needed in order to convert the linearly polarised light, coming from the liquid crystal cell 1, to circularly polarised light, before it hits the cholesteric reflective polariser 5.
  • this retardation plate may be omitted, by including its functions in the liquid crystal cell itself. This embodiment is shown in fig 6a and 6b, in which the same parts have the same reference numbers as in fig 4, however pre-noted with a numeral "2", and will therefore not be described again here.
  • liquid crystal cell 21 There are several ways of providing such functions in the liquid crystal cell 21.
  • a simple way of achieving this is by using a non-twisted cell, that is switchable between a % wavelength retardation and a ⁇ wavelength retardation.
  • Another way of achieving the same result is by providing an in-plane switching cell, for example with various ferroelectric LCD modes with a quarterwave retardation and the optical axis at +45 and -45°, respectively, for the two polarities of voltage pulses.
  • it is also possible to achieve the same optical effect by applying well-designed and well dimensioned twisted nematic layers in said liquid crystal cell, on per se known manner.
  • Fig 8 shows what happens to ambient light that falls on the LC display according to this embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 When the liquid crystal cell 21 is in the white state, ambient light will reach the backlight 23 and will be reflected and diffused by the reflecting plate 24. This means that this light will be useful in the display, and might be internally reflected until transmitted, as described above, and shown in fig 11.
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 When the liquid crystal cell 21 is in its black state, light will not reach the backlight, as shown in fig 8, but will be absorbed by the polariser. Therefore no light will be reflected from the LC panel, and black pixels will therefore remain black when hit by daylight.
  • this embodiment results in a light recycling display, having excellent daylight contrast properties.
  • the colour filters is preferably placed close to the LC cell, and preferably inside the LC cell, i.e. between the electrodes of the cell (not shown).
  • This configuration is shown in fig 10.
  • three layers are arranged in the LC cell, namely the LC layer, the cholesteric layer, and the colour filter, in sequence, with the colour filter closest to the viewer.
  • the layers By placing the layers in this order, essentially all light is reflected if the pixel is in a dark state. It is possible to exchange the position of the colour layer and the cholesteric layer.
  • 2/3 of the light would be absorbed by the colour filter, and the light recycling would get a decreased efficiency, which is undesirable.
  • Other configurations using the basic idea of light recycling, in accordance with the claims are possible.
  • Other modifications of the above-described optical components, together forming the inventive system are also evident for a person skilled in the art.

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un afficheur transmissif comportant une pluralité d'éléments obturateurs optiques (1, 11, 21) ainsi qu'un dispositif de réflexion/transmission sélectif en polarisation, disposé sur le côté utilisateur dudit afficheur, et un dispositif réfléchissant et redirigeant la lumière (4, 14, 24). Chacun desdits éléments obturateurs possède sensiblement la capacité de commuter entre un état réfléchissant et un état transmissif. En outre, le dispositif réfléchissant et redirigeant la lumière (4, 14, 24) est disposé de manière à rediriger la lumière réfléchie en direction des éléments obturateurs optiques ambiants.
PCT/IB2002/003465 2001-09-03 2002-08-23 Afficheur transmissif a polariseur reflechissant dispose du cote utilisateur WO2003021343A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01203317 2001-09-03
EP01203317.1 2001-09-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003021343A1 true WO2003021343A1 (fr) 2003-03-13

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004088625A1 (fr) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif d’affichage a effet scintillant et son procede de commande
WO2005071645A1 (fr) * 2004-01-15 2005-08-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Miroir a affichage incorpore
WO2006031734A2 (fr) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Eastman Kodak Company Film et dispositif d'affichage pour le recyclage de lumiere a l'etat obscur
GB2425611A (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-11-01 Hewlett Packard Development Co Reflective colour display device
WO2007039863A1 (fr) * 2005-10-03 2007-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil afficheur d'image
US7679809B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2010-03-16 Gentex Corporation Variable reflectance mirrors and windows
EP2407820A1 (fr) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-18 LG Display Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
US8282224B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2012-10-09 Gentex Corporation Rearview mirror assemblies with anisotropic polymer laminates
US8833987B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2014-09-16 Donnelly Corporation Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle
US8884788B2 (en) 1998-04-08 2014-11-11 Donnelly Corporation Automotive communication system
US8908039B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2014-12-09 Donnelly Corporation Vehicular video mirror system
US9014966B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2015-04-21 Magna Electronics Inc. Driver assist system for vehicle
US9019090B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2015-04-28 Magna Electronics Inc. Vision system for vehicle
US9019091B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2015-04-28 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system
US9073491B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2015-07-07 Donnelly Corporation Exterior rearview mirror assembly
US9090211B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2015-07-28 Donnelly Corporation Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly
US9278654B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2016-03-08 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system for vehicle
US9352623B2 (en) 2001-01-23 2016-05-31 Magna Electronics Inc. Trailer hitching aid system for vehicle
US9910310B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2018-03-06 Gentex Corporation Variable reflectance mirror system
US10175477B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2019-01-08 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Display system for vehicle
US10427606B2 (en) 2008-07-10 2019-10-01 Gentex Corporation Rearview mirror assemblies with anisotropic polymer laminates
US11970113B2 (en) 2021-09-20 2024-04-30 Magna Electronics Inc. Vehicular vision system

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WO1995017691A1 (fr) * 1993-12-21 1995-06-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Polariseur optique
EP0867746A1 (fr) * 1996-09-17 1998-09-30 Seiko Epson Corporation Unite d'affichage et appareil electronique utilisant cette unite
EP0927907A1 (fr) * 1997-07-18 1999-07-07 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995017691A1 (fr) * 1993-12-21 1995-06-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Polariseur optique
EP0867746A1 (fr) * 1996-09-17 1998-09-30 Seiko Epson Corporation Unite d'affichage et appareil electronique utilisant cette unite
EP0927907A1 (fr) * 1997-07-18 1999-07-07 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides

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US9481306B2 (en) 1998-04-08 2016-11-01 Donnelly Corporation Automotive communication system
US9221399B2 (en) 1998-04-08 2015-12-29 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Automotive communication system
US8884788B2 (en) 1998-04-08 2014-11-11 Donnelly Corporation Automotive communication system
US9019091B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2015-04-28 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system
US10144355B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2018-12-04 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system for vehicle
US9278654B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2016-03-08 Donnelly Corporation Interior rearview mirror system for vehicle
US9376061B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2016-06-28 Donnelly Corporation Accessory system of a vehicle
US10131280B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2018-11-20 Donnelly Corporation Vehicular video mirror system
US9783114B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2017-10-10 Donnelly Corporation Vehicular video mirror system
US9809168B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2017-11-07 Magna Electronics Inc. Driver assist system for vehicle
US9809171B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2017-11-07 Magna Electronics Inc. Vision system for vehicle
US9315151B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2016-04-19 Magna Electronics Inc. Driver assist system for vehicle
US10053013B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2018-08-21 Magna Electronics Inc. Vision system for vehicle
US10179545B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2019-01-15 Magna Electronics Inc. Park-aid system for vehicle
US10239457B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2019-03-26 Magna Electronics Inc. Vehicular vision system
US9019090B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2015-04-28 Magna Electronics Inc. Vision system for vehicle
US9014966B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2015-04-21 Magna Electronics Inc. Driver assist system for vehicle
US8908039B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2014-12-09 Donnelly Corporation Vehicular video mirror system
US9352623B2 (en) 2001-01-23 2016-05-31 Magna Electronics Inc. Trailer hitching aid system for vehicle
US9694749B2 (en) 2001-01-23 2017-07-04 Magna Electronics Inc. Trailer hitching aid system for vehicle
US10272839B2 (en) 2001-01-23 2019-04-30 Magna Electronics Inc. Rear seat occupant monitoring system for vehicle
US9878670B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2018-01-30 Donnelly Corporation Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly
US10538202B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2020-01-21 Donnelly Corporation Method of manufacturing variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly
US10029616B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2018-07-24 Donnelly Corporation Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle
US10661716B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2020-05-26 Donnelly Corporation Vehicular exterior electrically variable reflectance mirror reflective element assembly
US9073491B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2015-07-07 Donnelly Corporation Exterior rearview mirror assembly
US9090211B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2015-07-28 Donnelly Corporation Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly
US9545883B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2017-01-17 Donnelly Corporation Exterior rearview mirror assembly
US9341914B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2016-05-17 Donnelly Corporation Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly
US10363875B2 (en) 2002-09-20 2019-07-30 Donnelly Corportion Vehicular exterior electrically variable reflectance mirror reflective element assembly
US7463251B2 (en) 2003-04-01 2008-12-09 Tpo Displays Corp. Display device having a sparkling effect and method for driving the same
WO2004088625A1 (fr) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif d’affichage a effet scintillant et son procede de commande
KR101038460B1 (ko) 2003-04-01 2011-06-01 티피오 디스플레이스 코포레이션 스파클링 효과를 가지는 디스플레이 디바이스와 그 구동방법
WO2005071645A1 (fr) * 2004-01-15 2005-08-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Miroir a affichage incorpore
JP2007517568A (ja) * 2004-01-15 2007-07-05 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 内蔵ディスプレイを有する鏡
US7916380B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2011-03-29 Gentex Corporation Variable reflectance mirrors and windows
US9910310B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2018-03-06 Gentex Corporation Variable reflectance mirror system
US8282224B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2012-10-09 Gentex Corporation Rearview mirror assemblies with anisotropic polymer laminates
US10466524B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2019-11-05 Gentex Corporation Variable reflectance mirror system
US7679809B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2010-03-16 Gentex Corporation Variable reflectance mirrors and windows
WO2006031734A3 (fr) * 2004-09-13 2007-03-15 Eastman Kodak Co Film et dispositif d'affichage pour le recyclage de lumiere a l'etat obscur
JP2008512731A (ja) * 2004-09-13 2008-04-24 ローム アンド ハース デンマーク ファイナンス エーエス 暗状態光リサイクル膜及びディスプレイ
WO2006031734A2 (fr) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-23 Eastman Kodak Company Film et dispositif d'affichage pour le recyclage de lumiere a l'etat obscur
GB2425611A (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-11-01 Hewlett Packard Development Co Reflective colour display device
GB2425611B (en) * 2005-03-29 2010-03-24 Hewlett Packard Development Co Reflective colour display device
US7633581B2 (en) 2005-03-29 2009-12-15 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Reflective color display device with selective reflector directly coupled to outside surface of cell wall of display element
US10829053B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2020-11-10 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator
US10150417B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2018-12-11 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle
US11285879B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2022-03-29 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator element
US11072288B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2021-07-27 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator element
US10308186B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2019-06-04 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly with blind spot indicator
US9694753B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2017-07-04 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle
US8833987B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2014-09-16 Donnelly Corporation Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle
US9758102B1 (en) 2005-09-14 2017-09-12 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle
US9045091B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2015-06-02 Donnelly Corporation Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle
WO2007039863A1 (fr) * 2005-10-03 2007-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil afficheur d'image
US11124121B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2021-09-21 Magna Electronics Inc. Vehicular vision system
US10175477B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2019-01-08 Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. Display system for vehicle
US10427606B2 (en) 2008-07-10 2019-10-01 Gentex Corporation Rearview mirror assemblies with anisotropic polymer laminates
US8670093B2 (en) 2010-07-16 2014-03-11 Lg Display Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
EP2407820A1 (fr) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-18 LG Display Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
CN102338952A (zh) * 2010-07-16 2012-02-01 乐金显示有限公司 液晶显示设备
US11970113B2 (en) 2021-09-20 2024-04-30 Magna Electronics Inc. Vehicular vision system

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