WO2003019411A2 - Procede et dispositif de conception de feuilles de style xsl - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de conception de feuilles de style xsl Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003019411A2
WO2003019411A2 PCT/US2002/026479 US0226479W WO03019411A2 WO 2003019411 A2 WO2003019411 A2 WO 2003019411A2 US 0226479 W US0226479 W US 0226479W WO 03019411 A2 WO03019411 A2 WO 03019411A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
associate
child
list
files
file
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Application number
PCT/US2002/026479
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English (en)
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WO2003019411A3 (fr
Inventor
Evan S. Huang
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Xmlcities, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Xmlcities, Inc. filed Critical Xmlcities, Inc.
Publication of WO2003019411A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003019411A2/fr
Publication of WO2003019411A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003019411A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/10—Text processing
    • G06F40/12—Use of codes for handling textual entities
    • G06F40/151—Transformation
    • G06F40/154—Tree transformation for tree-structured or markup documents, e.g. XSLT, XSL-FO or stylesheets

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the area of document processing and electronic publishing system and more particularly relates to a method and apparatus for designing or editing extensible stylesheets using composite definition association, where the designed extensible stylesheets are for various presentations and information exchange.
  • the Internet is a rapidly growing communication network of interconnected computers around the world. Together, these millions of connected computers form a vast repository of hyperlinked information that is readily accessible by any of the connected computers from anywhere and anytime. With millions of web pages being created and added to this vast repository each year, there is a tremendous need to quickly and easily convert documents, such as presentations, data sheets or brochures, into a format presentable to and accessible by other applications or computers on the Internet. [0003] It is well known that a preferable format that is presentable to a web browsing application (e.g.
  • a browser is in a markup language, such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) or Wireless Markup Language (WML).
  • HTML Hypertext Markup Language
  • XML Extensible Markup Language
  • SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language
  • WML Wireless Markup Language
  • Files or documents that are so composed, edited or managed for web browsing applications are commonly referred to as structured files or documents.
  • a content-oriented structured document like XML or SGML is capable of supporting any markup tags from document type definitions (DTD) or schema.
  • DTD document type definitions
  • a presentation structured document like HTML and WML can only support a fixed set of markup tags, which can be interpreted by the browsing applications.
  • the ability to dynamically convert the content-oriented structured documents with proper style transformation for a particularly requested medium opens a new paradigm for information exchange and storage.
  • contents at website are stored in XML formats.
  • a web browser e.g., Netscape or Internet Explorer
  • the website will convert corresponding content in XML into HTML and send the converted HTML files back to the browser.
  • a WAP device e.g., a PDA or a data-capable cellular phone
  • the website will convert the content in XML into WML and send the converted WML files back to the browser.
  • the website can also convert the internal XML into another type of XML so as to exchange information among websites.
  • One critical technology in the aforementioned system for various publications and information exchange is the transformation from XML into various formats. There is therefore a need for approaches of extensible stylesheet designs to perform such transformation efficiently.
  • the present invention pertains to a process, an apparatus, a system and a software product for editing a stylesheet, wherein "editing” may mean designing, revising, creating or managing of a stylesheet that is typically used in conjunction with file transformation.
  • a stylesheet is used to facilitate the transformation of files in XML (extensible Markup Language) to HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
  • techniques are developed to allow users to edit a stylesheet using composite definition association among elements in applicable document type definitions DTD so that all revisions can be effectuated in a target presentation.
  • the present invention is a method for designing a stylesheet.
  • the method comprises importing a first type of document type definitions (DTD) pertaining to a target presentation, an extensible stylesheet file for the extensible stylesheet and a second type of second type definitions (DTD) pertaining to the extensible stylesheet; obtaining a child element list for a selected element when the element is selected in either one of the extensible stylesheet and the second type of DTD; obtaining an associate child element list for an associate element if the associate child element exists; and creating a composite child element list by combining the child element list for the selected element and the associate child element list for the associate element if there is one.
  • DTD document type definitions
  • DTD second type of second type definitions
  • One of them is the mechanism that provides an environment in which a composite element list is created by combining a child element list for a selected element and an associate child element list for an associate element of the selected element.
  • a new element pertaining to new information to be added to a corresponding stylesheet can be inserted in the composite list and the new information can be effectuated in a target presentation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic system configuration in which the present invention may be implemented in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 2A is an example of document type definitions (DTD) for recipe-type documents
  • FIG. 2B shows an extensible markup language (XML) file based on the document type definitions (DTD) in FIG. 2A;
  • XML extensible markup language
  • FIG. 3A shows an extensible stylesheet language (XSL) file, which transfers the XML file in FIG. 2B into an HTML file for a target presentation;
  • XSL extensible stylesheet language
  • FIG. 3B shows a screenshot of the target presentation from the transferred HTML file of FIG. 3A;
  • FIG. 3C shows an XSL file, which transfers the XML file in FIG. 2B into a WML file
  • FIG. 3D shows an XSL file, which transfers the XML file in FIG. 2B into another XML file
  • FIG. 4A shows a fragment of HTML DTD
  • FIG. 4B shows a fragment of XSL DTD
  • FIG. 5A shows a screenshot of an XSL file, where a child element list of a selected HTML element is displayed with a drop down menu;
  • FIG. 5B shows a screenshot of an XSL file, where a child element list of a selected XSL element is displayed with a drop down menu
  • FIG. 6A shows a screenshot of an XSL file, where a child element list of a selected HTML element with an unknown XSL element is displayed with a drop down menu;
  • FIG. 6B shows a screenshot of an XSL file, where the HTML portion of the composite child element list for a selected HTML element is displayed with a drop down menu;
  • FIG. 6C shows a screenshot of an XSL file, where the XSL portion of the composite child element list for a selected HTML element is displayed with a drop down menu
  • FIG. 6D shows a screenshot of an XSL file, where the XSL portion of the composite child list for a selected XSL element is displayed with a drop down menu
  • FIG. 6E shows a screenshot of an XSL file, where the HTML portion of the composite child list for a selected XSL element is displayed with a drop down menu;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a process flowchart of creating a composite (child) element list for a selected element
  • FIG. 8 shows a process flowchart of creating a composite (child) element list for hybrid markup language files.
  • the present invention provides solutions for file transformation. More specifically, the present invention provides a method, an apparatus, a system and a software product for editing a stylesheet, wherein "editing” may mean designing, revising, creating or managing of a stylesheet that is typically used in conjunction with file transformation.
  • a stylesheet is used to facilitate the transformation of files in XML (extensible Markup Language) to HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic system configuration in which the present invention may be implemented in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • Content-oriented documents like XML files containing information, such as product descriptions, functions lists and price schedules, may be created using an authoring tool executed on a computer 100.
  • the extensible stylesheets (XSL) to transfer the content-oriented documents into various presentations may be created in a computing device 102, which may be a server station or a desktop computer loaded with an executable version of one embodiment implementing the present invention.
  • computer 100 and computing device 102 are inseparable and perform document conversion process for files that may be ultimately represented in a format of markup language such as WML or HTML.
  • the content-oriented documents represented in XML and transformations in XSL become available through a private network 110 to a service server 104 that hosts what is generally referred to as a www (world wide web) site.
  • a user uses a desk computer 106 that operates a browsing application and is coupled to data network 108 to access files on service server 104. These requested XML files will be converted into HTML files by proper XSL files and sent back to the desktop computer.
  • a user uses a PDA 110 that operates a WAP browsing application and is coupled to data network 108 to access files on service server 104. These requested XML files will be converted into WML files by corresponding XSL files and sent back to the PDA.
  • the present invention is not limited to the Internet applications. It may be practiced in individual computers in which users often create the XSL files to convert the XML files into the HTML or WML files off-line. Since the content and presentation are separated, users can easily create another set of XSL files for different look-and-feel. Also it will be appreciated herein that the present invention can be equally applied to other markup languages that are used to express contents in a way that can be conveniently transformed for a target present presentation. Without obscuring aspects of the present invention, the description herein is based on XML(Extensible Markup Language).
  • XML provides a flexible way to create common information formats and share both the format and the data on the World Wide Web, intranets, and elsewhere. For example, computer makers may agree on a standard or common way to describe the information about a computer product (processor speed, memory size, and so forth) and then describe the product information format with XML. Such a standard way of describing data would enable a user to send an intelligent agent (a program) to each computer maker's Web site, gather data, and then make a valid comparison. XML can be used by any individual or group of individuals or companies that wants to share information in a consistent way.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates an example of DTD 200 pertaining to an XML file for "recipe- type" documents.
  • a document is to be broken down into structures of elements.
  • a particular element, "document” 202 indicated by a "+” sign may contain multiple instances of the same child element.
  • An element 204 may contain several other elements and attributes while element 206 contains only the parsed character data.
  • FIG. 2B shows an example of the correspond XML file, where information are represented in parsed data elements defined in accordance with document type definitions (DTD) in FIG. 2A.
  • An XML file can be transferred into various presentations using extensible stylesheets expressed in XSL.
  • An example of an XSL file which converts the XML file 208 of FIG. 2B into an HTML file, is given in FIG. 3A.
  • blocks, 304 and 308, show that the top level ⁇ html> and ⁇ body> tags are created when the XSL file matches a particular tag, "document", in 302.
  • Block 306 illustrates how to apply a template to the child element of "document”.
  • the applied template is matched by block 312 because "recipe" is the only child element of "document” as shown in 202.
  • block 314 shows how to assign the value associated with "title” in the source XML file to the target HTML file.
  • the screenshot of the resulted HTML is given in FIG. 3B.
  • FIG. 3C Another example of an XSL file, which converts the XML file 208 into a WML file, is given in FIG. 3C.
  • block 324 shows that the top level ⁇ wml> tag is created when the XSL file matches the root element
  • block 322 shows how to assign the "title” value in the source XML file to the target WML file
  • block 326 shows how to assign the "name” attribute of the "originate” element in the source XML file to the target WML file.
  • an XSL file can also transfer an XML file into another XML file with a different DTD or schema. The primary reason for this type of transformation is for information exchange between different systems.
  • FIG. 3D shows an example of an XSL file, which converts the XML file 208 into another XML file of a list of the recipe titles.
  • block 332 shows that the top level ⁇ recipe_title_list> tag is created when the XSL file matches the "document” element and block 334 shows how to assign each of the "title" values in the source XML file to the ⁇ recipe_title> tag in the target XML file.
  • an XSL file is a combination of the target file, such as HTML, WML, or XML, and ⁇ xsl:> tags from the XSL definitions through the information from the source XML file and/or the source XML's DTD or schema file.
  • FIG. 4A shows a fragment of HTML's DTD.
  • the "html" element 402 has two child elements, "head” and “body”, and the "body” element 404 contains a list of child elements 404.
  • FIG. 4B shows a fragment of XSL's DTD.
  • the child elements of the "xsktemplate” element in an XSL file are from choices of a list of child element 412.
  • the "match" attribute of the "xsktemplate” element 414 will identify the associated element in the source XML tree.
  • the "xshapply-template” will apply matched template to the selected element in the source XML tree through the "select" attribute 416.
  • a child element list can be generated or obtained for a selected element. According to one embodiment, FIG.
  • FIG. 5A shows an editing environment 500 in which a stylesheet 502 is displayed and to be edited or designed.
  • FIG. 5A as well as 5B may be better understood in conjunction with FIG. 4A and 4B.
  • the environment 500 also provides a second view 504 to illustrate an XML tree 506 and a DTD 508 for a target representation (e.g., HTML).
  • a target representation e.g., HTML
  • the XML tree 506 directly or generated from a DTD for the stylesheet 502
  • An element may be selected in the XML tree 506 or directly in stylesheet 502.
  • the DTD 508 pertains to the target representation (e.g., for HTML files).
  • an element "html" 510 is selected and is shown that the element 510 has a child element list 512 that is created or obtained in accordance with the HTML's DTD fragment given in FIG. 4A.
  • the child element list 512 the "body” element has been crossed out since it already exists as the child element for the selected "html” element 510.
  • FIG. 5B a similar example is given in FIG. 5B, where a selected element, "xsktemplate", 522 has a child element list 526 and an attribute list 524, in which the existing "match" attribute is checked. And the child element list and the attribute list are created in accordance with the XSL's DTD fragment given in FIG. 4B.
  • the child element lists 512 and 524 as shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are respectively restricted to their associated DTDs. Namely, the child element lists 512 is from the DTD 508 and the child element 524 is from the XML tree (or DTD) 528.
  • DTD XML tree
  • To create a similar child element list for designing an XSL file is usually a challenge because an XSL file, as mentioned previously, is a combination of the target file, such as HTML, WML, or XML, and ⁇ xsl:> tags from the XSL definitions through the information from the source XML file and/or the source XML's DTD or schema file. Therefore, the child element list is usually composed of elements from two separate DTDs for the target file and for the XSL, respectively.
  • FIG. 6A shows an example of an XSL file 600, where the child element list 606 is built only based on the HTML DTD 607.
  • the selected "body” element 604 is a child element of "html” and both elements are from the HTML DTD 607.
  • the child "xshapply- template” element of the selected “body” element is from the XSL DTD 609 and applies a template to the child elements of "document” in the source XML file. This association is through the "match" attribute of the "xshtemplate” element 602, which is a parent element of "html".
  • FIG. 6B and 6C show a composite child element list of the selected "body” element 604.
  • the HTML portion of the composite child element list is shown in 612, which is identical to the child element list given in 608.
  • the XSL portion of the composite child element list 624 is created by the child elements of an associate element in the XSL's document definition file, where the associate element is found by propagating back the parent elements of the selected element to reach the first element in the XSL.
  • the associate element is "xshtemplate” and its child elements are given in 412 of FIG. 4B.
  • Figures 6D and 6E show another example of a composite child element list of a selected "xshtemplate” element 632. Since the "xshtemplate" belongs to the XSL, the XSL portion of the composite child element list 634 can be directly created from the XSL's document definition file 412. And the HTML portion of the composite child element list 650 is created by the child elements of an associate element in the HTML. In this example, the associate element is found by an indirect linking through the source XML elements. In particular, the "match" attribute of the selected "xshtemplate” element specifies that the "recipe" element in the source XML element is matched by this template 648. In the source XML's DTD 200 of FIG.
  • the "recipe” is a child element of "document” 202, that links to the "xshtemplate” with a matched “document” element 642.
  • the "xshapply-template” 646 applies templates to the child elements of the "document” element in the XML file. Therefore, the associate element in the HTML is the parent element of the "xshapply-template” element 646, which is the "body” element 644.
  • the HTML portion of the composite child element list 650 is from the child elements given in 404 of FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 7 shows a process flowchart 700 for creating a composite child element list for a selected element as such a new child element can be inserted to edit an XSL file.
  • the process 700 may be implemented as a method, apparatus and a software product.
  • a graphic environment although not necessary, is desirable for users to work on editing a stylesheet.
  • the graphical environment may correspond to the environment 500 of FIG. 5A and is typically provided or loaded with an XSL file, a corresponding DTD of the XSL file and a DTD of an output presentation (e.g., HTML or WML).
  • an XSL file to be edited as well as its corresponding DTD, and the DTD of the target presentation are provided.
  • a graphical environment is configured to have at least two views or windows. One of the windows is to display the XSL file as the stylesheet to be edited and the other window is to display an XML tree and the DTD for the target presentation.
  • the XML tree is generated from the DTD for the stylesheet being displayed.
  • the original XML file or files shall be loaded to facilitate the distinction of the respective XSL-templates.
  • a desired element is selected from the XSL file. Given a graphical environment, the desired element can be selected graphically from the displayed stylesheet (e.g., 502 of FIG.5). Depending on the nature of the selected element, the element may belong to the corresponding DTD of the XSL file or the DTD of the target presentation. In any case, a child element list for the selected element is obtained at 704. Depending on the selected element, the child element list may be obtained from the XSL's DTD, or the DTD for the output presentation or both of the XSL's DTD and output's DTD. [0034] At 706, one or more associate elements are searched.
  • the process 700 goes to 708 where a child element list for the associate element is created or obtained.
  • the child element list 412 of FIG. 4B is one exemplary list for an associate element.
  • the process 700 goes back to 706 to look for a next associate element till all available associate elements are found and their corresponding child element lists are obtained.
  • the process goes to 710 where the child element lists for the selected element as well as the associate element(s) are combined logically.
  • the logically combined child element lists are referred to herein as a composite child element list.
  • a user can design or edit the stylesheet being available or displayed in accordance with the composite child element list.
  • the user can insert a new element in the composite child element list, that new element defines logically where information (new or revised) can be entered in the stylesheet.
  • the new information will be effectuated in the target presentation via the stylesheet.
  • FIG. 8 shows a process flowchart 800 to create a composite child element list for hybrid markup language files.
  • applicable DTD are provided. For example, if there are N types of markup languages (not necessary that all are distinct), N DTD shall be provided.
  • an element is selected in a stylesheet and the selected element may belong to any one of the applicable DTD.
  • a child element list is obtained from its corresponding DTD of the selected element.
  • the process 800 is configured to find an associate element for each of the DTD at 806, 808 and 810 till all of the associate element is found. In other words, a temporary composite child element list is obtained at 806.
  • the process 800 goes to find a next associate element in one of the other DTD. If there is one, the process goes to 810 to obtain an associate child element list that is to be used to update the temporary composite child element list originally obtained at 806.
  • the process 800 keeps going on till that no more associate element can be found at 808.
  • the process 800 then goes to 812 to produce a final composite child element list.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des techniques de conception de feuilles de style XSL par association de définitions composites. Les feuilles de style conçues selon ces techniques permettent de transférer des fichiers à langage de balisage orienté contenu dans un fichier cible pour prendre en charge plusieurs présentations et des échanges d'informations. Ces techniques de conception consistent à utiliser des fichiers de définition de document, tels que des schémas ou des définitions de document type (DTD), pour la source XML, le fichier à langage de balisage cible et la feuille de style XSL, à sélectionner un élément dans le fichier XSL ou dans ses fichiers de définition de document correspondants, puis à générer ou à obtenir un sous-domaine composite à partir desdits fichiers de définition. Ce sous-domaine composite est utilisé pour limiter ou pour suggérer un éventuel élément du sous-domaine pour l'élément sélectionné, pour la conception de la feuille de style XSL.
PCT/US2002/026479 2001-08-23 2002-08-20 Procede et dispositif de conception de feuilles de style xsl WO2003019411A2 (fr)

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