WO2003016886A1 - Method and device for the inspection of filled and sealed bottles - Google Patents

Method and device for the inspection of filled and sealed bottles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003016886A1
WO2003016886A1 PCT/EP2002/008312 EP0208312W WO03016886A1 WO 2003016886 A1 WO2003016886 A1 WO 2003016886A1 EP 0208312 W EP0208312 W EP 0208312W WO 03016886 A1 WO03016886 A1 WO 03016886A1
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Prior art keywords
camera
telecentric
bottles
images
bottle
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PCT/EP2002/008312
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rainer Kwirandt
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Krones Ag
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Publication of WO2003016886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003016886A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9036—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents using arrays of emitters or receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9054—Inspection of sealing surface and container finish
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/909—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents in opaque containers or opaque container parts, e.g. cans, tins, caps, labels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for inspecting filled and closed bottles.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for inspecting filled and closed bottles, which is also suitable for reliably checking bottle closures.
  • this object is achieved by using a telecentric optical system, with the aid of which a camera can view at least the head and shoulder area of the bottles from the side from at least two circumferentially different directions in front of a light source and generates at least two preferably adjacent images which are subjected to an image analysis and / or an image comparison. A signal is then triggered when an impermissible deviation is detected.
  • the telecentric optics preferably generate at least two beam paths crossing each other in an inspection area, through which the bottles are continuously transported in a single-track, spaced-apart row in order to record at least two images from the side wall of each individual bottle, the images preferably being recorded simultaneously.
  • the presence and / or the position of a closure can then be determined from these illustrations. In the case of transparent bottles, the level can be determined and checked. Contour control is also possible if required.
  • bottle closures which are positioned crookedly can advantageously be recognized with only one camera, regardless of the random rotational position of a bottle. Alignment or rotation of the bottles before or during the inspection process is not necessary.
  • the use of a telecentric optics enables the bottles to be imaged without distortion, without the exact centering or positioning of the bottles having to be carried out beforehand. Different distances of the bottles relative to the fluorescent screen or the camera do not cause the images to be enlarged or reduced due to the telecentric image recording.
  • the object is achieved in that a long-focal telecentric optical system is arranged between the bottles passed in front of a light source and a camera spaced apart therefrom, which produces at least two beam paths enclosing a mutual angle.
  • the optics consist of reflective elements (mirrors, prisms or the like) and at least one telecentric lens.
  • a conveyor transports the bottles through the beam paths, in particular their crossover area.
  • the beam paths are preferably determined by mirrors with flat mirror surfaces arranged between the camera and a bottle to be examined.
  • the telecentric properties are generated by means of an inexpensive Fresnel lens, an arrangement of a Fresnel lens between a bottle to be examined and the mirrors defining the beam paths or between the camera and the mirrors being advantageous. In both cases, the beam paths from the Fresnel lens to the fluorescent screen, i.e. H. the beam areas in which the bottles move, each telecentric.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a first embodiment of an inspection station
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 viewed in the transport direction of the bottles
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of a second embodiment of an inspection station in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 4 shows the images of a bottle recorded by a camera.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conveyor belt 1 which can be driven continuously and on which bottles 2 which are frictionally upright can be transported in a row by an inspection device or station.
  • the inspection station essentially consists of a fluorescent screen 3, which is arranged lengthways on one side of the conveyor belt 1 and emits diffuse, possibly monochromatic light, and a camera 4 (CCD camera) positioned on the opposite side with integrated image evaluation 4.
  • the fluorescent screen 3 is equipped with pulsed LEDs, for example.
  • a total of four flat mirrors 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b are arranged symmetrically to the optical axis of the camera running at right angles to the conveying direction so that two lie above the conveyor belt 1 intersecting beam paths 8a, 8b arise through which bottles 2 can be continuously passed.
  • the mirror arrangement consists in detail of an inner, roof-shaped mirror pair 6a, 6b with mirror surfaces facing the camera 4 and two outer mirrors 7a, 7b directed towards the fluorescent screen 3 or a bottle 2 to be examined. All four mirrors are aligned perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the conveyor, ie positioned vertically. For example, they can be freely suspended on the underside of a horizontal holding plate, not shown.
  • the inclination of the mirror surfaces of the two inner ones is selected with respect to the optical axis of the camera 4 such that the beam path 8 - viewed from the camera - is divided into two partial beam paths 8a, 8b pointing away from each other, which in turn are reflected by the mirror surfaces of the outer surface facing each other at a certain angle Mirrors 7a, 7b are deflected towards the fluorescent screen and intersect or intersect in front of the fluorescent screen 3 in the area above the conveyor belt 1. Due to the axisymmetric mirror arrangement, both beam paths from the camera to the intersection 8x or to the fluorescent screen 3 are of equal length.
  • two views of a bottle 2 located in the intersection 8x of the beam paths 8a, 8b can be projected side by side onto the flat CCD chip of the camera 4 (see FIG. 4).
  • the images of the same size each contain a view of the transparent side wall of a bottle 2 from circumferentially different viewing directions, a crossing angle oc in the range from 70 ° to 90 °, preferably 80 °, providing particularly favorable results.
  • the optics can be designed so that the side wall of the bottle is shown over its entire height.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a slightly modified compared to FIG. 1
  • a Fresnel lens 50a, 50b divided into two halves is used here, one half 50a in the beam path 8a and the other half 50b in the beam path 8b each in the area between the outer mirror 7a or 7b and one Examining bottle 2 or the conveyor belt 1 is arranged so that the focal points of the two lens halves overlap exactly, ie the light beam of a whole Fresnel lens is fed to the camera.
  • the sections of the beam paths 8a and 8b lying between the fluorescent screen 3 and the Fresnel lens halves 50a, 50b have telecentric properties, ie only light beams running parallel to the optical axis of the lens reach the camera 4.
  • Fresnel lenses other lenses with comparable optical properties can also be used, which, however, are more expensive and heavier because of the size of the bottles to be imaged.
  • Fig. 4 shows the images of a bottle 2 supplied by the camera in a schematic representation.
  • the two adjacent images contain two views of the head and shoulder area of the side wall of a bottle 2 filled up to the filling level 10 and closed with a closure 11, taken simultaneously from different directions in the transmitted light method.
  • the evaluation electronics 4 'of the camera 4 analyzes the images and generates a signal that can be used for automatic discharge if the filling level 10 exceeds or falls below a predefinable tolerance range and / or the closure 11 sits crookedly on the bottle mouth and is therefore leaky. Because at least two images can be generated per bottle, a crooked closure can always be reliably recognized in one of the images, see the right illustration in FIG. 4, without having to rotate the bottle about its vertical axis during the image acquisition.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for the inspection of filled and sealed bottles by means of a camera which laterally views at least the top and shoulder region of the bottles, using a telecentric lens, from at least two radially different directions in front of a light source, generating at least two images which are subjected to an image analysis and/or image comparison, whereby a signal is generated on recognition of a non-permitted variation.

Description

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR INSPEKTION GEFUELLTER UND VERSCHLOSSENER FLASCHENMETHOD AND DEVICE FOR INSPECTING FILLED AND SEALED FL AS CH E N
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Inspektion gefüllter und verschlossener Flaschen.The invention relates to a method and a device for inspecting filled and closed bottles.
Es ist bekannt, Getränkeflaschen o. dgl. nach dem Füllen und Verschließen vor einem Leuchtschirm vorbeizuführen und mit einer Kamera von der Seite her in etwa rechtwinklig zu ihrer Hochachse zu betrachten, um evtl. vorhandene Fremdkörper oder Schwebstoffe im Füllgut zu detektieren. Problematisch ist die Erkennung schief sitzender Flaschenverschlüsse, da die durch die InspektionsVorrichtung laufenden Flaschen eine zufallsbedingte Drehstellung einnehmen; allerdings sind schief sitzende Verschlüsse nicht mit ausreichender Sicherheit aus einer beliebig aufgenommenen Einzelabbildung ermittelbar.It is known to guide beverage bottles or the like past a fluorescent screen after filling and closing them and to view them with a camera from the side approximately at right angles to their vertical axis in order to detect any foreign bodies or suspended matter in the contents. The detection of crooked bottle caps is problematic, since the bottles running through the inspection device assume a random rotational position; however, crooked closures cannot be determined with sufficient certainty from an arbitrarily recorded individual image.
Demzufolge liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Inspektion gefüllter und verschlossener Flaschen anzugeben, das auch zur zuverlässigen Kontrolle von Flaschenverschlüssen geeignet ist.Accordingly, the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for inspecting filled and closed bottles, which is also suitable for reliably checking bottle closures.
Verfahrenseitig wird diese Aufgabe durch die Verwendung einer telezentrischen Optik gelöst, mit deren Hilfe eine Kamera wenigstens den Kopf- und Schulterbereich der Flaschen von der Seite her aus wenigstens zwei umfänglich verschiedenen Richtungen vor einer Lichtquelle betrachten kann und wenigstens zwei vorzugsweise nebeneinander liegende Abbildungen erzeugt, die einer Bildanalyse und/oder einem Bildvergleich unterzogen werden. Bei Erkennen einer unzulässigen Abweichung wird dann ein Signal ausgelöst.In terms of method, this object is achieved by using a telecentric optical system, with the aid of which a camera can view at least the head and shoulder area of the bottles from the side from at least two circumferentially different directions in front of a light source and generates at least two preferably adjacent images which are subjected to an image analysis and / or an image comparison. A signal is then triggered when an impermissible deviation is detected.
Bevorzugt erzeugt die telezentrische Optik wenigstens zwei sich in einem Inspektionsbereich kreuzende Strahlengänge durch die die Flaschen in einer einspurigen, Zwischenabstände aufweisenden Reihe kontinuierlich transportiert werden, um jeweils wenigstens zwei Abbildungen von der Seitenwand jeder einzelnen Flasche aufzunehmen, wobei die Abbildungen vorzugsweise gleichzeitig aufgenommen werden. Aus diesen Abbildungen kann anschließend das Vorhandensein und/oder die Position eines Verschlusses ermittelt werden. Vorteilhafterweise kann bei transparenten Flaschen ggf . der Füllstand ermittelt und überprüft werden. Bei Bedarf ist auch eine Konturkontrolle möglich.The telecentric optics preferably generate at least two beam paths crossing each other in an inspection area, through which the bottles are continuously transported in a single-track, spaced-apart row in order to record at least two images from the side wall of each individual bottle, the images preferably being recorded simultaneously. The presence and / or the position of a closure can then be determined from these illustrations. In the case of transparent bottles, the level can be determined and checked. Contour control is also possible if required.
Durch die Erzeugung von zumindest zwei Ansichten aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln können vorteilhafterweise schief sitzende Flaschenverschlüsse unabhängig von der zufälligen Drehstellung einer Flasche mit nur einer Kamera erkannt werden. Eine Ausrichtung oder Drehung der Flaschen vor bzw. während dem Inspektionsvorgang ist nicht notwendig. Der Einsatz einer telezentrischen Optik erlaubt eine verzerrungsfreie Abbildung der Flaschen, ohne vorhergehend eine exakte Zentrierung oder Positionierung der Flaschen vornehmen zu müssen. Unterschiedliche Abstände der Flaschen relativ zum Leuchtschirm bzw. der Kamera verursachen wegen der telezentrischen Bildaufnahme keine Vergrößerung oder Verkleinerung der Abbildungen. Vorrichtungseitig wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass zwischen den vor einer Lichtquelle vorbeigeführten Flaschen und einer dazu beabstandeten Kamera eine langbrennweitige telezentrische Optik angeordnet ist, die wenigstens zwei einen gegenseitigen Winkel einschließende Strahlengänge erzeugt . Die Optik besteht aus reflektierenden Elementen (Spiegeln, Prismen oder dgl.) und wenigstens einer telezentrischen Linse. Ein Förderer transportiert die Flaschen durch die Strahlengänge, insbesondere deren Kreuzungsbereich.By creating at least two views from different viewing angles, bottle closures which are positioned crookedly can advantageously be recognized with only one camera, regardless of the random rotational position of a bottle. Alignment or rotation of the bottles before or during the inspection process is not necessary. The use of a telecentric optics enables the bottles to be imaged without distortion, without the exact centering or positioning of the bottles having to be carried out beforehand. Different distances of the bottles relative to the fluorescent screen or the camera do not cause the images to be enlarged or reduced due to the telecentric image recording. On the device side, the object is achieved in that a long-focal telecentric optical system is arranged between the bottles passed in front of a light source and a camera spaced apart therefrom, which produces at least two beam paths enclosing a mutual angle. The optics consist of reflective elements (mirrors, prisms or the like) and at least one telecentric lens. A conveyor transports the bottles through the beam paths, in particular their crossover area.
Bevorzugt werden die Strahlengänge durch zwischen der Kamera und einer zu untersuchenden Flasche angeordnete Spiegel mit ebenen Spiegelflächen bestimmt. Mittels einer kostengünstigen Fresnellinse werden die telezentrischen Eigenschaften erzeugt, wobei eine Anordnung einer Fresnellinse zwischen einer zu untersuchenden Flasche und den die Strahlengänge definierenden Spiegeln oder zwischen der Kamera und den Spiegeln vorteilhaft ist. In beiden Fällen sind die Strahlengänge von der Fresnellinse bis zum Leuchtschirm, d. h. die Strahlbereiche in denen sich die Flaschen bewegen, jeweils telezentrisch.The beam paths are preferably determined by mirrors with flat mirror surfaces arranged between the camera and a bottle to be examined. The telecentric properties are generated by means of an inexpensive Fresnel lens, an arrangement of a Fresnel lens between a bottle to be examined and the mirrors defining the beam paths or between the camera and the mirrors being advantageous. In both cases, the beam paths from the Fresnel lens to the fluorescent screen, i.e. H. the beam areas in which the bottles move, each telecentric.
Nachfolgend werden zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Figuren beschrieben. Es zeigt:Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the figures. It shows:
Figur 1 eine Draufsicht einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Inspektionsstation in schematischer Darstellung,FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a first embodiment of an inspection station,
Figur 2 eine Seitenansicht der Ausführung nach Figur 1 in Transportrichtung der Flaschen betrachtet, Figur 3 eine Draufsicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Inspektionsstation in schematischer Darstellung undFIG. 2 shows a side view of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 viewed in the transport direction of the bottles, Figure 3 is a plan view of a second embodiment of an inspection station in a schematic representation
Figur 4 die von einer Kamera aufgenommenen Abbildungen einer Flasche.4 shows the images of a bottle recorded by a camera.
In Figur 1 ist ein kontinuierlich antreibbares Förderband 1 gezeigt, auf dem reibschlüssig aufrechtstehende Flaschen 2 in einer Reihe durch eine Inspektionsvorrichtung bzw. -Station transportierbar sind. Die Inspektionsstation besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem längs an einer Seite des Förderbandes 1 angeordneten Leuchtschirm 3, der diffuses, möglichst monochromatisches Licht abstrahlt, und einer auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite positionierten Kamera 4 (CCD-Kamera) mit integrierter Bildauswertung 4 . Der Leuchtschirm 3 ist beispielsweise mit gepulsten LEDs bestückt. Im Bereich zwischen der Kamera 4 und dem Förderband 1 bzw. einer zu prüfenden Flasche 2 sind insgesamt vier ebene Spiegel 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b symmetrisch zu der rechtwinklig zur Förderrichtung verlaufenden optischen Achse der Kamera so angeordnet, dass zwei sich über dem Förderband 1 kreuzende Strahlengänge 8a, 8b entstehen, durch die Flaschen 2 kontinuierlich hindurchführbar sind.FIG. 1 shows a conveyor belt 1 which can be driven continuously and on which bottles 2 which are frictionally upright can be transported in a row by an inspection device or station. The inspection station essentially consists of a fluorescent screen 3, which is arranged lengthways on one side of the conveyor belt 1 and emits diffuse, possibly monochromatic light, and a camera 4 (CCD camera) positioned on the opposite side with integrated image evaluation 4. The fluorescent screen 3 is equipped with pulsed LEDs, for example. In the area between the camera 4 and the conveyor belt 1 or a bottle 2 to be checked, a total of four flat mirrors 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b are arranged symmetrically to the optical axis of the camera running at right angles to the conveying direction so that two lie above the conveyor belt 1 intersecting beam paths 8a, 8b arise through which bottles 2 can be continuously passed.
Die Spiegelanordnung besteht im Einzelnen aus einem inneren, dachförmig angeordneten Spiegelpaar 6a, 6b mit zur Kamera 4 weisenden Spiegelflächen und zwei äußeren, zum Leuchtschirm 3 bzw. einer zu untersuchenden Flasche 2 gerichteten Spiegeln 7a, 7b. Alle vier Spiegel sind rechtwinklig zur horizontalen Ebene des Förderers ausgerichtet, d.h. vertikal positioniert. Sie können beispielsweise frei hängend an der Unterseite einer horizontalen, nicht dargestellten Halteplatte befestigt sein. Die Neigung der Spiegelflächen der beiden inneren Spiegel 6a, 6b ist bezüglich der optischen Achse der Kamera 4 so gewählt, dass der -von der Kamera ausgehend betrachtete- Strahlengang 8 in zwei voneinander wegweisende TeilStrahlengänge 8a, 8b aufgeteilt wird, die wiederum durch die in einem bestimmten Winkel zueinander weisenden Spiegelflächen der äußeren Spiegel 7a, 7b zum Leuchtschirm so umgelenkt werden und sich im Bereich über dem Förderband 1 noch vor dem Leuchtschirm 3 kreuzen bzw. schneiden. Aufgrund der achsensymmetrischen Spiegelanordnung sind beide Strahlengänge von der Kamera bis zum Kreuzungsbereich 8x bzw. bis zum Leuchtschirm 3 gleich lang. Von einer sich im Kreuzungsbereich 8x der Strahlengänge 8a, 8b befindenden Flasche 2 sind gleichzeitig zwei Ansichten nebeneinander auf den flächigen CCD-Chip der Kamera 4 projizierbar (siehe Fig.4) . Die gleich großen Abbildungen beinhalten jeweils eine Ansicht der transparenten Seitenwand einer Flasche 2 aus umfänglich verschiedenen Blickrichtungen, wobei ein Kreuzungswinkel oc im Bereich von von 70° bis 90°, vorzugsweise 80°, besonders günstige Resultate liefert.The mirror arrangement consists in detail of an inner, roof-shaped mirror pair 6a, 6b with mirror surfaces facing the camera 4 and two outer mirrors 7a, 7b directed towards the fluorescent screen 3 or a bottle 2 to be examined. All four mirrors are aligned perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the conveyor, ie positioned vertically. For example, they can be freely suspended on the underside of a horizontal holding plate, not shown. The inclination of the mirror surfaces of the two inner ones The mirror 6a, 6b is selected with respect to the optical axis of the camera 4 such that the beam path 8 - viewed from the camera - is divided into two partial beam paths 8a, 8b pointing away from each other, which in turn are reflected by the mirror surfaces of the outer surface facing each other at a certain angle Mirrors 7a, 7b are deflected towards the fluorescent screen and intersect or intersect in front of the fluorescent screen 3 in the area above the conveyor belt 1. Due to the axisymmetric mirror arrangement, both beam paths from the camera to the intersection 8x or to the fluorescent screen 3 are of equal length. At the same time, two views of a bottle 2 located in the intersection 8x of the beam paths 8a, 8b can be projected side by side onto the flat CCD chip of the camera 4 (see FIG. 4). The images of the same size each contain a view of the transparent side wall of a bottle 2 from circumferentially different viewing directions, a crossing angle oc in the range from 70 ° to 90 °, preferably 80 °, providing particularly favorable results.
Bei der Ausführung der Inspektionsvorichtung nach Figur 1 befindet sich im Strahlengang 8 zwischen der Kamera 4 und dem ersten innen liegenden Spiegelpaar 6a, 6b eine Fresnellinse 5, die nur parallel zu ihrer optischen Achse verlaufende Lichtstrahlen auf den CCD-Chip der sich mit ihrem Objektiv im Brennpunkt der Fresnellinse 5 befindenden, koaxial ausgerichteten Kamera 4 projiziert. Diese Fresnellinse verleiht den beiden Strahlengängen 8a, 8b telezentrische Eigenschaften, d.h. unabhängig davon, ob sich einzelne Flaschen 2 fallweise etwas näher am Leuchtschirm 3 oder der Kamera 4 befinden, entstehen trotzdem immer gleich große Abbildungen. In Fig. 1 ist der Abstand der Kamera 4 zur Fresnellinse 5 aus Platzgründen stark verkürzt dargestellt. Aber auch in der Praxis ist es von Vorteil, die Bautiefe zu begrenzen. Gemäß Fig. 2 kann die Kamera annähernd senkrecht nach unten blickend nahe an der Fresnellinse positioniert werden, indem ein den Strahlengang 8 (Fig. 1) aus der Horizontalen in die Vertikale umlenkender Spiegel 9 vorgesehen wird. Diese Lösung erlaubt eine raumsparende Bauweise .1, there is a Fresnel lens 5 in the beam path 8 between the camera 4 and the first pair of mirrors 6a, 6b, which only has light rays running parallel to its optical axis on the CCD chip which is located with its lens in Focus of the Fresnel lens 5 located, coaxially aligned camera 4 projected. This Fresnel lens imparts telecentric properties to the two beam paths 8a, 8b, ie regardless of whether individual bottles 2 are sometimes somewhat closer to the fluorescent screen 3 or the camera 4, images of the same size are nevertheless always produced. In Fig. 1, the distance from the camera 4 to the Fresnel lens 5 is shown greatly shortened for reasons of space. But it is also advantageous in practice to limit the depth. According to FIG. 2, the camera can be positioned approximately vertically looking down close to the Fresnel lens by providing a mirror 9 that deflects the beam path 8 (FIG. 1) from the horizontal into the vertical. This solution allows a space-saving design.
Ferner kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn nur der Kopf- und/oder Schulterbereich von Flaschen 2 durch die Strahlengänge erfasst wird (siehe Fig. 2) . Die Optik kann bedarfsweise so ausgeführt werden, dass die Flaschenseitenwand über ihre gesamte Höhe abgebildet wird, falls notwendig.Furthermore, it can be advantageous if only the head and / or shoulder area of bottles 2 is detected by the beam paths (see FIG. 2). If necessary, the optics can be designed so that the side wall of the bottle is shown over its entire height.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine im Vergleich zur Fig. 1 geringfügig abgewandelte, zweite Ausführungsform einerFIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a slightly modified compared to FIG. 1
Inspektionsvorrichtung. Der Unterschied besteht darin, dass hier eine in zwei Hälften geteilte Fresnellinse 50a, 50b zum Einsatz kommt, wobei die eine Hälfte 50a im Strahlengang 8a und die andere Hälfte 50b im Strahlengang 8b jeweils im Bereich zwischen dem äußeren Spiegel 7a bzw. 7b und einer zu untersuchenden Flasche 2 bzw. dem Förderband 1 so angeordnet ist, dass sich die Brennpunkte beider Linsenhälften exakt überlagern, d.h. der Kamera wird quasi das Lichtbündel einer ganzen Fresnellinse zugeführt. Auch hier besitzen die zwischen dem Leuchtschirm 3 und den Fresnellinsenhälften 50a, 50b liegenden Abschnitte der Strahlengänge 8a bzw. 8b telezentrische Eigenschaften, d.h. nur parallel zur optischen Achse der Linse verlaufende Lichtstrahlen gelangen zur Kamera 4. Anstelle von Fresnellinsen sind auch andere Linsen mit vergleichbaren optischen Eigenschaften verwendbar, die jedoch wegen der Größe der abzubildenden Flaschen teuerer und schwerer sind.Inspection device. The difference is that a Fresnel lens 50a, 50b divided into two halves is used here, one half 50a in the beam path 8a and the other half 50b in the beam path 8b each in the area between the outer mirror 7a or 7b and one Examining bottle 2 or the conveyor belt 1 is arranged so that the focal points of the two lens halves overlap exactly, ie the light beam of a whole Fresnel lens is fed to the camera. Here too, the sections of the beam paths 8a and 8b lying between the fluorescent screen 3 and the Fresnel lens halves 50a, 50b have telecentric properties, ie only light beams running parallel to the optical axis of the lens reach the camera 4. Instead of Fresnel lenses, other lenses with comparable optical properties can also be used, which, however, are more expensive and heavier because of the size of the bottles to be imaged.
Fig. 4 zeigt die von der Kamera gelieferten Abbildungen einer Flasche 2 in schematischer Darstellung. Die beiden nebeneinander liegenden Abbildungen beinhalten zwei gleichzeitig aus verschiedenen Richtungen im Durchlichtverfahren aufgenommene Ansichten vom Kopf- und Schulterbereich der Seitenwand einer bis zum Füllspiegel 10 gefüllten und mit einem Verschluss 11 verschlossenen Flasche 2.Fig. 4 shows the images of a bottle 2 supplied by the camera in a schematic representation. The two adjacent images contain two views of the head and shoulder area of the side wall of a bottle 2 filled up to the filling level 10 and closed with a closure 11, taken simultaneously from different directions in the transmitted light method.
Die Auswertelektronik 4' der Kamera 4 analysiert die Abbildungen und erzeugt ein zur automatischen Ausschleusung verwendbares Signal, wenn der Füllspiegel 10 einen vorgebbaren Toleranzbereich über- oder unterschreitet und/oder der Verschluss 11 schief auf der Flaschenmündung sitzt und daher undicht ist. Dadurch, dass wenigstens zwei Abbildungen pro Flasche erzeugbar sind, ist ein schief sitzender Verschluss immer zuverlässig in einer der Abbildungen erkennbar, siehe rechte Abbildung in Fig. 4, ohne die Flasche während der Bildaufnahme um ihre Hochachse drehen zu müssen. The evaluation electronics 4 'of the camera 4 analyzes the images and generates a signal that can be used for automatic discharge if the filling level 10 exceeds or falls below a predefinable tolerance range and / or the closure 11 sits crookedly on the bottle mouth and is therefore leaky. Because at least two images can be generated per bottle, a crooked closure can always be reliably recognized in one of the images, see the right illustration in FIG. 4, without having to rotate the bottle about its vertical axis during the image acquisition.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Inspektion gefüllter und verschlossener Flaschen mit einer Kamera, die wenigstens den Kopf- und Schulterbereich der Flaschen von der Seite durch eine telezentrische Optik aus wenigstens zwei umfänglich verschiedenen Richtungen vor einer Lichtquelle betrachtet und wenigstens zwei Abbildungen erzeugt, die einer Bildanalyse und/oder einem Bildvergleich unterzogen werden, wobei bei Erkennen einer unzulässigen Abweichung ein Signal erzeugt wird.1. Method for the inspection of filled and closed bottles with a camera that views at least the head and shoulder area of the bottles from the side through a telecentric optic from at least two circumferentially different directions in front of a light source and generates at least two images that are used for image analysis and / or subjected to an image comparison, a signal being generated when an impermissible deviation is detected.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die telezentrische Optik wenigstens zwei sich in einem Inspektionsbereich kreuzende Strahlengänge erzeugt und die Flaschen in einer einspurigen, Zwischenabstände aufweisenden Reihe kontinuierlich durch den Inspektionsbereich transportiert und während dessen jeweils wenigstens zwei Abbildungen von jeder Flaschenseitenwand aufgenommen werden, vorzugsweise gleichzeitig.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the telecentric optics generates at least two intersecting beam paths in an inspection area and the bottles are continuously transported through the inspection area in a single-track, spaced-apart row and during which at least two images of each bottle side wall are recorded , preferably at the same time.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus den Abbildungen das Vorhandensein und/oder die Position eines Verschlusses ermittelt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the presence and / or the position of a closure is determined from the images.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus den Abbildungen der Füllstand in einer Flasche ermittelt wird.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the level in a bottle is determined from the images.
5. Vorrichtung zur Inspektion gefüllter und verschlossener Flaschen (2) mit einer Kamera (4) , die wenigstens den Kopf- und Schulterbereich jeder Flasche von der Seite durch eine telezentrische Optik (5, 6a-7b, 50a, 50b) aus wenigstens zwei umfänglich verschiedenen Richtungen vor einer Lichtquelle (3) erfasst und wenigstens zwei Abbildungen erzeugt, die durch eine Auswerteinrichtung (4*) einer Bildanalyse und/oder einem Bildvergleich unterziehbar sind, wobei bei Erkennen einer unzulässigen Abweichung ein Signal erzeugbar ist.5. Device for inspecting filled and closed bottles (2) with a camera (4) that at least the The head and shoulder area of each bottle is captured from the side by means of a telecentric optical system (5, 6a-7b, 50a, 50b) from at least two circumferentially different directions in front of a light source (3) and at least two images are generated, which are evaluated by an evaluation device (4 * ) can be subjected to an image analysis and / or an image comparison, a signal being able to be generated upon detection of an impermissible deviation.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Optik wenigstens eine telezentrische Linse6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the optics at least one telecentric lens
(5, 50a, 50b) aufweist.(5, 50a, 50b).
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Optik lichtreflektierende Elemente (6a-7b) , insbesondere ebene Spiegel aufweist, die zwischen der Kamera (4) und der Lichtquelle (3) so angeordnet sind, dass zwei sich unter einem bestimmten Winkel α kreuzende telezentrische Strahlengänge (8a, 8b) entstehen.7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the optics light-reflecting elements (6a-7b), in particular plane mirrors, which are arranged between the camera (4) and the light source (3) so that two are under one Telecentric beam paths (8a, 8b) crossing a certain angle α arise.
8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel α im Bereich zwischen 70 bis 90 Grad liegt, vorzugsweise 80 Grad beträgt.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the angle α is in the range between 70 to 90 degrees, preferably 80 degrees.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine telezentrische Linse (5) im Bereich zwischen der Kamera (4) und den lichtreflektierenden Elementen (6a-7b) angeordnet ist.9. The device according to claim 6 and 7, characterized in that a telecentric lens (5) is arranged in the region between the camera (4) and the light-reflecting elements (6a-7b).
10.Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Strahlengängen (8a, 8b) im Bereich zwischen den lichtreflektierenden Elementen (6a- 7b) und einer zu untersuchenden Flasche (2) eine telezentrische Linse (50a, 50b) angeordnet ist, insbesondere jeweils eine Hälfte einer geteilten telezentrischen Linse.10.The device according to claim 6 and 7, characterized in that in the beam paths (8a, 8b) in A telecentric lens (50a, 50b) is arranged in the region between the light-reflecting elements (6a-7b) and a bottle (2) to be examined, in particular in each case one half of a divided telecentric lens.
11.Vorrichtung nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die telezentrische Linse (5, 50a, 50b) eine Fresnellinse ist. 11.The device according to at least one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the telecentric lens (5, 50a, 50b) is a Fresnel lens.
PCT/EP2002/008312 2001-08-16 2002-07-26 Method and device for the inspection of filled and sealed bottles WO2003016886A1 (en)

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