WO2003007446A1 - Method of manufacturing a lightning rod with functions for reducing power supplied to a terminal and for improving speech quality - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a lightning rod with functions for reducing power supplied to a terminal and for improving speech quality Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003007446A1
WO2003007446A1 PCT/KR2002/001299 KR0201299W WO03007446A1 WO 2003007446 A1 WO2003007446 A1 WO 2003007446A1 KR 0201299 W KR0201299 W KR 0201299W WO 03007446 A1 WO03007446 A1 WO 03007446A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exchange
lightning rod
terminal
voltages
ptci
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2002/001299
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hyung-Tae Jo
Original Assignee
Hyung-Tae Jo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hyung-Tae Jo filed Critical Hyung-Tae Jo
Publication of WO2003007446A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003007446A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/18—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges with means for reducing interference or noise; with means for reducing effects due to line faults with means for protecting lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a lightning rod for protecting a communication device from lightning, overvoltages and overcurrents of high voltage lines, for preventing terminals from being damaged when more power than required is supplied to a terminal by applying different speech power supplied from an exchange to the terminal depending on line distances, using a lightning rod.
  • an exchange supplies speech currents to a terminal irrespective of line distances.
  • a terminal is installed nearer to the exchange than other terminals, more speech currents than required are supplied to the terminal, while more power than required optimum power is applied, thus causing failures in the terminal and giving a relevant recipient inconvenience for speech quality due to high receiving volume since vibration of the carbon plate of the handset gets high in speech calling.
  • a conventional common lightning rod for communication is implemented to prevent overvoltages and overcurrents from occurring by providing an arrester (AR) and overvoltage breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) between incoming lines (Li, L 2 ) and the exchange sides (Si , S 2 ) when lightning, overvoltages and overcurrents on a high voltage line occur, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • AR arrester
  • PTCi, PTC 2 overvoltage breakers
  • Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram to describe a method of manufacturing a lightning rod.
  • Figs. 3 to 6 accompanied in this specification can be described as follows.
  • Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram to describe voltages and changes in loss depending on changed resistor values for the operation and behaviors of a lightning rod.
  • the overvoltages and overcurrents are applied to the incoming line (Li, L 2 ).
  • the arrestor (AR) serves to apply the overvoltages to the ground.
  • the OTCs are changed to be short due to generated heat, but the time is delayed and then the exchange is affected.
  • the overcurrents to be applied to the exchange sides(S ⁇ , S 2 ) are reduced and the smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) is achieved due to the larger resistances (R ⁇ R 2 ) than the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) between the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) and the exchange sides.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the loss depending on line distances with a wire core diameter of 0.4mm by converting the actual voltages and currents supplied from an exchange, and the supplied power to a terminal (power consumed in the terminal).
  • the power consumed in a terminal significantly increases as an exchange is installed nearer to the terminal.
  • a terminal installed with a line distance of 0.5 km from a telephone exchange shows consumed power of 3.12 W, and the consumed power of the terminal at a distance of 3.0 km is 1.61 W, indicating almost two times.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit of a conventional lightning rod for a communication device for protecting the device from over voltages and over currents.
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a lightning rod according to the present invention for protecting a communication device from overvoltages and overcurrents and for selecting supplied power depending on a line distance.
  • Fig. 3 is a configuration of test environment.
  • Fig. 4 is an actually measured voltage curve where the voltage is reduced depending on selected resistance values.
  • Fig. 5 is an actually measured voltage curve where the voltage is increased depending on selected resistance values.
  • Fig. 6 shows the values where power consumed in a terminal is translated depending on resistance values proportional to a distance.
  • LI, L2 Connection points at lines of a subscriber
  • SI, S2 Exchange connection points at an exchange
  • the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) and the exchange sides (Si, S 2 ) are directly connected to inhibit overcurrents and overvoltages flowing to the exchange sides (Si, S 2 ) by inserting resistors between the exchange sides (S ⁇ ,S 2 ) and the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ), and to achieve smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) with low resistor values.
  • Resistor values of Figs. 4 and 5 result from adding Ri and R 2 , and they are configured as a serial circuit on the exchange sides (Si, S 2 ). Since a loop is configured with the terminal Z in the OSC as shown in Fig.3 (Test environment configuration), the serial circuit can be configured.
  • 100 ⁇ is Ri; 50 ⁇ , R 2 ; 50 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ , Ri ; 100 ⁇ , R 2 ; 100 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ , Ri; 150 ⁇ , R 2 ;150 ⁇ ; 400 ⁇ ,
  • Ri; 200 ⁇ , R 2 ; 200 ⁇ , and 2000 ⁇ is Ri , 1000 ⁇ ; and R 2 , 1000 ⁇ . It was seen that when the OSC output frequency was 1020H Z and output voltage was 0.775V while the loop resistors of Ri and R 2 are 50 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ respectively, the input voltage of the terminal Z was 0.715V and the loss is 0.7dB. The voltages supplied to the terminal and loss are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, depending on each resistor.
  • the corresponding exchange could not supply voltages and currents proportional to line distances to terminals, and thus supplied the same voltages and currents to terminals.
  • an exchange supplies voltages and currents to the distance where it can accommodate terminals, and the terminal near to the exchange has less resistance on the line, thus consuming larger power more than required, due to more power supply than the power for the operation of the terminal.
  • the exchange causes terminals to consume more power, provides the reason of failure in a terminal, while giving a recipient unpleasant feeling for speech quality by high receiving volume because of higher vibration of the carbon plates in his handset.
  • the lightening rod according to the present invention allows exchange network carriers to reduce power consumption and users to select receiving volume by achieving smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ), by inhibiting conventional direct effect of overvoltages and overcurrents on an exchange in the resistors, and by selectively supplying speech currents supplied in a lump from the exchange irrespective of distances, since larger resistors than the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) are provided to the exchange sides.
  • the present invention satisfies telephone user's needs in that the safety device (lightning rod) for communication apparatuses according to the present invention allows overvoltages and over currents to flow to the ground when they come in to protect the apparatuses, prevents overcurrents supply, due to the delay of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) operation, to a switching network by the resistors (Ri, R 2 ), achieves smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) and less power consumption depending on the resistance values of the lightning rod for the power consumed in a terminal, and also attains prevention of failures in a terminal and stable operation of the carbon plates of a telephone handset.
  • the safety device lightning rod for communication apparatuses according to the present invention allows overvoltages and over currents to flow to the ground when they come in to protect the apparatuses, prevents overcurrents supply, due to the delay of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC 2 ) operation, to a switching network by the resistors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lightning rod which is a protection device for a communication device. The lightning rod used in a communication device is used for protecting exchanges from surge voltages, overvoltages and overcurrents coming from subscriber lines. The lightning rod according to the present invention has typical features of a conventional lightning rod and is intended so as for voltages and currents supplied from an exchange to a terminal to be selectively used depending on line distances in addition. Typically the same voltages and currents supplied from an exchange are applied to subscriber lines through the lightning rod irrespective of line distances. However, according to the present invention, a lightning rod is selected depending on line distances, so that a terminal which has a short line distance from its exchange and is installed nearer to the exchange is protected from failures due to more power supply than required and a problem of higher receiving volume at a recipient which results from overpower supply is solved in a speech communication. According to the present invention, failures of a terminal due to overcurrent supply is prevented; and the unnecessary power supplied to the terminal is reduced while achieving the advantage that a common carrier can reduce unnecessary power consumption.

Description

Method of Manufacturing a Lightning Rod with Functions for Reducing Power Supplied to a Terminal and for Improving Speech Quality
[ Technical Field ]
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a lightning rod for protecting a communication device from lightning, overvoltages and overcurrents of high voltage lines, for preventing terminals from being damaged when more power than required is supplied to a terminal by applying different speech power supplied from an exchange to the terminal depending on line distances, using a lightning rod.
[ Background Art ]
Generally, an exchange supplies speech currents to a terminal irrespective of line distances, In such a circumstance, as a terminal is installed nearer to the exchange than other terminals, more speech currents than required are supplied to the terminal, while more power than required optimum power is applied, thus causing failures in the terminal and giving a relevant recipient inconvenience for speech quality due to high receiving volume since vibration of the carbon plate of the handset gets high in speech calling.
In order to overcome such disadvantages, a conventional common lightning rod for communication is implemented to prevent overvoltages and overcurrents from occurring by providing an arrester (AR) and overvoltage breakers (PTCi, PTC2) between incoming lines (Li, L2) and the exchange sides (Si , S2) when lightning, overvoltages and overcurrents on a high voltage line occur, as shown in Fig. 1. However, it is intended to reduce consumed power which is supplied to a terminal by providing resistors (Ri, R2) between the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) and the exchange sides (Si, S2), as shown in Fig. 2.
[ Disclousre of invention]
Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram to describe a method of manufacturing a lightning rod. Figs. 3 to 6 accompanied in this specification can be described as follows.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram to describe voltages and changes in loss depending on changed resistor values for the operation and behaviors of a lightning rod. When lightning, overvoltages and overcurrents from connected high voltage lines on a cable line occur, the overvoltages and overcurrents are applied to the incoming line (Li, L2). In this case, the arrestor (AR) serves to apply the overvoltages to the ground. The OTCs are changed to be short due to generated heat, but the time is delayed and then the exchange is affected. Therefore, the overcurrents to be applied to the exchange sides(Sι, S2) are reduced and the smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) is achieved due to the larger resistances (R^ R2) than the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) between the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) and the exchange sides.
Also, it is seen that as values of the resistors (Rι, R2) between the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) and the exchange change, the voltages and loss also changes as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The test environment is configured as depicted in Fig. 3, and the test frequencies and output voltages recommended in ITU-T were used and measured for the output frequencies and output voltages of the oscillator (OSC).
It is preferred to prevent failures in a terminal due to overvoltages and to reduce required power by even less power consumption, by supplying optimum voltage from an exchange to a terminal using the resistors (Rι, R2) in Fig. 6, rather than supplying higher voltages than required in the terminal.
Optimum loss rather than less loss allows smooth operation of carbon plates of a telephone. Fig. 6 illustrates the loss depending on line distances with a wire core diameter of 0.4mm by converting the actual voltages and currents supplied from an exchange, and the supplied power to a terminal (power consumed in the terminal). As illustrated in Fig.6, the power consumed in a terminal significantly increases as an exchange is installed nearer to the terminal. A terminal installed with a line distance of 0.5 km from a telephone exchange shows consumed power of 3.12 W, and the consumed power of the terminal at a distance of 3.0 km is 1.61 W, indicating almost two times.
In order to solve such problems, speech quality conforming to user's requirements while achieving reduced power consumption in a terminal is obtained, by inserting resistors (Rι, R2) with different values depending on line distances to a lightning rod, respectively.
[ Brief Description of Drawings]
Representative Drawing
Fig.2
Brief Description of Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit of a conventional lightning rod for a communication device for protecting the device from over voltages and over currents.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a lightning rod according to the present invention for protecting a communication device from overvoltages and overcurrents and for selecting supplied power depending on a line distance.
Fig. 3 is a configuration of test environment. Fig. 4 is an actually measured voltage curve where the voltage is reduced depending on selected resistance values.
Fig. 5 is an actually measured voltage curve where the voltage is increased depending on selected resistance values.
Fig. 6 shows the values where power consumed in a terminal is translated depending on resistance values proportional to a distance.
* Description of Main Components in the Drawings
LI, L2: Connection points at lines of a subscriber
SI, S2: Exchange connection points at an exchange
AR; Arrester
PTCI, PTC2; Over current breakers
Rl , R2: Resistors
DB: Loss
OSC: Oscillator
Lev: Level meter
Z : Vertical Impedance
[ Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention ]
In the structure of a lightning rod configured as such, since larger resistors than the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) are positioned between the exchange sides (Sι,S2) and the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2), the overcurrents and overvoltages coming from the incoming lines (Li, L2) flow to the ground through an arrestor (AR). Typically the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) and the exchange sides (Si, S2) are directly connected to inhibit overcurrents and overvoltages flowing to the exchange sides (Si, S2) by inserting resistors between the exchange sides (Sι,S2) and the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2), and to achieve smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) with low resistor values. In order to test change degrees of the voltages and loss depending on the changes of resistor values, while the test frequency (1020Hz) and the test voltage OdB (0.775V) recommended in the ITU-T( International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector) are sent from the OSC to the exchange sides (Sι,S2) and resistor values are changed, the terminal end impedance (Z=600Ω) is configured so that the signals through the AR are sent to the incoming line sides (Li, L2). Then, for the voltages supplied to the terminal and loss, the values represented from the incoming line(Lι, L2) to the receiver (levermater) were measured and are shown in Fig. 4(Supplied voltage change to a terminal) and Fig. 5(Loss change).
Resistor values of Figs. 4 and 5 result from adding Ri and R2, and they are configured as a serial circuit on the exchange sides (Si, S2). Since a loop is configured with the terminal Z in the OSC as shown in Fig.3 (Test environment configuration), the serial circuit can be configured. For the resistor values in Figs. 4 and 5, 100Ω is Ri; 50Ω, R2; 50Ω and 200Ω, Ri ; 100Ω, R2; 100Ω and 300Ω, Ri; 150Ω, R2;150Ω; 400Ω,
Ri; 200Ω, R2; 200Ω , and 2000Ω is Ri , 1000Ω; and R2 , 1000Ω. It was seen that when the OSC output frequency was 1020HZ and output voltage was 0.775V while the loop resistors of Ri and R2 are 50Ω and 100Ω respectively, the input voltage of the terminal Z was 0.715V and the loss is 0.7dB. The voltages supplied to the terminal and loss are shown in Figs. 4 and 5, depending on each resistor.
As such, as the ling length is shorter and thus the terminal is nearer to the exchange, more power is supplied to the terminal as depicted in Fig. 6. In all exchanges, the corresponding exchange could not supply voltages and currents proportional to line distances to terminals, and thus supplied the same voltages and currents to terminals.
This is because for the maximum allowable speech distance proportional to a line distance, an exchange supplies voltages and currents to the distance where it can accommodate terminals, and the terminal near to the exchange has less resistance on the line, thus consuming larger power more than required, due to more power supply than the power for the operation of the terminal. As the result, the exchange causes terminals to consume more power, provides the reason of failure in a terminal, while giving a recipient unpleasant feeling for speech quality by high receiving volume because of higher vibration of the carbon plates in his handset.
Such problems described above are solved by a lightning rod with larger resistances in a terminal of which line distance from an exchange is nearer by adding a resistor on the lightning rod.
Conventionally a lightning rod has been used as equipment for protecting a communication device from overvoltage and overcurrents. However, the lightening rod according to the present invention allows exchange network carriers to reduce power consumption and users to select receiving volume by achieving smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2), by inhibiting conventional direct effect of overvoltages and overcurrents on an exchange in the resistors, and by selectively supplying speech currents supplied in a lump from the exchange irrespective of distances, since larger resistors than the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) are provided to the exchange sides.
[ Industrial Applicability]
As described above, the present invention satisfies telephone user's needs in that the safety device (lightning rod) for communication apparatuses according to the present invention allows overvoltages and over currents to flow to the ground when they come in to protect the apparatuses, prevents overcurrents supply, due to the delay of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) operation, to a switching network by the resistors (Ri, R2), achieves smooth operation of the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) and less power consumption depending on the resistance values of the lightning rod for the power consumed in a terminal, and also attains prevention of failures in a terminal and stable operation of the carbon plates of a telephone handset.

Claims

[ Claim 1 ]
A safety device having connection terminals at an incoming line side and connection terminals at an exchange side for protecting a communication device by draining overvoltages and overcurrents coming in from the incoming line to a ground and for compensating lines with each different resistance values depending on a line distance, comprising: an arrestor for bypassing the overvoltages to the ground when more voltages than a specified voltage are applied, a subscriber line being connected to the connection terminals at the incoming line side and to the connection terminals at the exchange side, and the other side being connected to the ground; and two resistors for inhibiting the overcurrents that are applied to the exchange connection terminals through the resistor after passing through the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) and for allowing smooth operation of overvoltage breakers (PTCi, PTC2) having low resistances, where in the resistors are connected between the overcurrent breakers (PTCi, PTC2) and the exchange connection terminals to reduce power supplied to the incoming line side depending on the resistances.
[ Claim 2 ]
A method of manufacturing a lightning rod that is manufactured with different resistance values, respectively, depending on line distances by inserting resistors to the lightning rod that is a protection device for a communication device.
PCT/KR2002/001299 2001-07-10 2002-07-09 Method of manufacturing a lightning rod with functions for reducing power supplied to a terminal and for improving speech quality WO2003007446A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR2001/41224 2001-07-10
KR1020010041224A KR20010079378A (en) 2001-07-10 2001-07-10 The arrester manufacture method which adds the supply electric power decrease and a currency quality improvement function of the terminal equipment

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WO2003007446A1 true WO2003007446A1 (en) 2003-01-23

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT505116B1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2012-04-15 At & S Ag INK COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR USE
CN101774840B (en) * 2010-01-28 2012-04-18 天津泰达园林建设有限公司 Hydraulic filling sea mud culture substrate

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR920005422A (en) * 1990-08-27 1992-03-28 이해욱 Multi-stage protection circuit for communication

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0984258A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-03-28 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Protective circuit for communication
KR19990012632U (en) * 1997-09-11 1999-04-15 이계철 Overvoltage Protection Circuit for Time Division Electronic Switching System (TDX) Subscribers

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR920005422A (en) * 1990-08-27 1992-03-28 이해욱 Multi-stage protection circuit for communication

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT505116B1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2012-04-15 At & S Ag INK COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR USE
CN101774840B (en) * 2010-01-28 2012-04-18 天津泰达园林建设有限公司 Hydraulic filling sea mud culture substrate

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