WO2003007422A1 - Dispositif d'antenne multipoints - Google Patents

Dispositif d'antenne multipoints Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003007422A1
WO2003007422A1 PCT/SE2002/001138 SE0201138W WO03007422A1 WO 2003007422 A1 WO2003007422 A1 WO 2003007422A1 SE 0201138 W SE0201138 W SE 0201138W WO 03007422 A1 WO03007422 A1 WO 03007422A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarization
antenna device
monopole
plane
antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2002/001138
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Bergman
Tobia Carozzi
Roger Karlsson
Original Assignee
Red Snake Radio Technology Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Red Snake Radio Technology Ab filed Critical Red Snake Radio Technology Ab
Publication of WO2003007422A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003007422A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennas for transmission and reception of radio waves, specifically it relates to a device for more efficient utilization of energy and bandwidth in wireless communication.
  • base stations are used to interconnect mobile stations.
  • a major problem is that the air interface between the base station and the mobile station is variable and unpredictable. This is due to factors, such as multiple propagation paths caused by reflections from buildings and ground, and motion of mobile stations relative to the base stations. Such problems ultimately deteriorate the quality of the communication channel.
  • phased array antennas which are more flexible and have beam-forming capabilities for more selective channel usage.
  • Phased array antennas do not solve all the problems typical for the air interface. Their weakness is that only part of the information available in the electromagnetic field is utilized. In typical phased array antenna systems only one component of the electric field is used in practice. This is far from optimal because the complete electromagnetic field can be used to deduce how the radio signal was influenced by the air interface and thereby remove their detrimental effect.
  • the present invention is a device for transmission and/ or reception of three components of the electromagnetic field separately over a surface or volume.
  • the main application of the device is in mobile telecommunication, where three-dimensional knowledge of the electromagnetic field gives valuable information about the wireless signal.
  • the novelty in the present invention is to take the vector nature of the electromagnetic field into consideration.
  • the device uses three differently oriented antennas to derive three components of the electromagnetic field.
  • the geometry of the antennas is repeated to form an array. This allows the three-dimensional polarization characteristics (see e.g. Carozzi et. al., "Parameters characterizing electromagnetic wave polarization", Physical Review E, 61, 2000, p. 2024- 2028) of the wireless signal to be controlled over a surface.
  • This invention deals with an antenna device making the three-dimensional electromagnetic field available.
  • the antenna device will be connected to standard radio equipment such as transceivers, etc, which will allow the antenna signals to be processed.
  • the unique polarization information from the antenna device enables the signal to be processed in order to cancel unwanted effects and increase the versatility of the antenna system.
  • the present invention will only cover the antenna device itself and not the custom signal processing algorithms.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of an array of polarization cells with each cell consisting of two crossed dipole antennas and a monopole antenna;
  • FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of an embodiment of a polarization cell utilized in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows another preferred embodiment where four polarization cells according to FIG. 2 are placed in a vertical line to form an array column;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates yet an embodiment of an array column
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of a polarization cell utilized in FIG 4
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a further embodiment of a polarization cell which may be used in the array column of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 demonstrates in yet a further embodiment how dipole antennas can be combined with loop antennas to form the polarization cells of an array column;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a more detailed embodiment of the polarization cells utilized in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 describes an example of how the polarization cell is made up of slot antennas and monopoles to form an array of another preferred embodiment.
  • the present invention consists of a particular arrangement of antennas.
  • the arrangement can be divided into two levels: a cell level and an array level.
  • the antenna arrangement is an aggregate or array of a number of functionally indivisible units, called three dimensional polarization cells. Where there is no risk of misinterpretation, we will simply use the term polarization cell.
  • the function of each of these cells is to access three field strengths of the electromagnetic field. To this end the cells are made up of three antennas, which are linearly independent in space.
  • a polarization cell seen as a unit generalizes a solitary antenna in the following way. It is well known that the open-circuit voltage V oc at the terminals of an antenna is proportional to an electric field E impinging on the antenna from direction ⁇ , ⁇ and the proportionality factor is a vector called the vector effective length of the antenna (e.g., see Balanis, "Antenna Theory: analysis and design", second ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997). Just as for any antenna there is an associated vector effective length, a polarization cell is associated with an effective length matrix j, such that
  • the antennas are marked as ⁇ 1 , 2, 3 ⁇ and ⁇ x, y ,z ⁇ denote spatial Cartesian components.
  • the matrix U must have the property that it is nonsingular for most incidence directions and so it is invertible and therefore the full electric field E can be recovered from the voltage measurements .
  • the vector effective lengths are linearly independent it is always possible to find a representation where the effective length matrix l tJ is diagonal, e.g. see any textbook in linear algebra.
  • the three- dimensional polarization cell can, for example, be made to measure three components of the electric field.
  • a polarization cell By combining dipoles and loops, a polarization cell measuring parts of, or the whole, electric field and parts of, or the whole, magnetic field can be constructed.
  • the simplest version of such a polarization cell is to combine two electric antennas with one magnetic antenna, or to combine one electric antenna and two magnetic antennas.
  • a number of polarization cells are assembled to form an array pattern.
  • the pattern is such that a surface area is covered by the cells.
  • the array manifests itself as the structure, which supports the antennas and provides a mean for mounting. It also contains the feeding infrastructure between the antennas and the external radio equipment.
  • the spacing of the polarization cells does not have to be regular with equal distance between two adjacent cells. A regular spacing would simplify, but it is not physically necessary.
  • the array must consist of at least two polarization cells, but there is no upper limit of how many polarization cells there can be in an array.
  • the polarization cells forming the array can be mounted on a back-plane.
  • the presence of a back-plane makes it easier to feed the polarization cells by cables on the backside of the back-plane with respect to the polarization cells.
  • radio components can be mounted in order to have them as close to the antennas as possible. In this case it might be favorable to enclose the components.
  • the enclosing can, for example, be done by making the whole back-plane in the form of a box.
  • a radome can be mounted over the array so that it covers the polarization cells and protects them from moisture, rain, snow, and ice. This would provide more stable environmental condition for the array.
  • FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1.
  • the polarization cell 5 consists of a crossed dipole 20 and a monopole 25.
  • the other polarization cell 10 has the positions of the crossed dipole and the monopole interchanged.
  • the two types of polarization cells are placed such that each crossed dipole 20 is surrounded by four monopoles 25 and each monopole 25 is surrounded by four crossed dipoles 20, except for at the edge of the array.
  • the extent of the array may be larger or smaller than what is shown in the figure.
  • FIG 2 the crossed dipole 20 is shown in detail.
  • the two dipoles 30 and 35 are perpendicular to each other and both mounted at 45° from the vertical on an isolating part 40.
  • the isolating part keeps the dipoles in place, and provides means for feeding the dipoles by separate cables 45 and 50 through its interior.
  • a tube 55 is also attached to the isolating part and the other end of the tube is mounted on the back-plane in order to keep the crossed dipole in a fixed position above the back-plane. Inside the tube the cables for feeding are situated.
  • the monopole 25 consists of an antenna element 70 mounted on the backplane through an isolating cylinder 75 that isolates the antenna element from the back-plane.
  • the cylinder also provides a hole through which the monopole is fed 80.
  • the cables for feeding the antennas goes through orifices in the back-plane located where the tube 55 and cylinder 75 are mounted on the back-plane. Cables for feeding 90 is drawn on the other side of the back-plane with respect to the antennas.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a further embodiment forming a single array column consisting of four polarization cells 5.
  • the single column it may of course be formed by having every second cell as a polarization cell 5 and every second cells as a polarization cell 10.
  • Figure. 4 shows, according to the present invention, how another polarization cell 105 than the one described in Figure 1 and 2 can form still another configuration.
  • four polarization cells are mounted on a back- plane 110 and spaced equally along the vertical direction.
  • the polarization cell can be made in numerous different ways and Figures 5 and 6 illustrate two versions identified by reference numbers 120 and 125, respectively.
  • the polarization cell 120 of Figure 5 has three orthogonal monopoles mounted perpendicular to each other and with the same angle to the backplane 110.
  • the orientation of the monopoles is such that the projection of one of them 13O onto the back-plane points upwards along the vertical direction.
  • the projections of the other two dipoles 135 and 140 onto the back-plane are directed 120 degrees from the vertical projection of 130.
  • Feeding cables are situated inside the isolator and goes through an orifice in the back-plane and out at the other side of the back-plane with respect to the antennas.
  • the polarization cell 125 of Figure 6 is similar to the polarization cell described in Figure. 1. However, the difference is that an additional monopole 170 is mounted in the center of the crossed dipoles 175 and 180, and perpendicular to those.
  • the feeding of the monopole is the same as the feeding for anyone of the three monopoles 130, 135, and 140.
  • the feeding for the crossed dipoles is identical to what was described for the crossed dipoles 30 and 35 in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 7 An array of four polarization cells 200 is placed along the vertical direction and mounted on a back- plane 210.
  • Figure 8 shows this polarization cell in detail and it will be apparent that it consists of two parts.
  • the first part is the crossed dipoles 220 and 225 similar as they are described in detail in Figure 2.
  • the second part is a loop antenna 230, mounted around the crossed dipole and above the back-plane 210.
  • holders 235 are used.
  • the feed 240 of the loop antenna is done through an orifice 245 in the back-plane.
  • the feed does not have to be at the right-hand side of the loop, which is obvious for a person skilled in the art of antenna engineering. Neither does the size of the loop antenna have to be exactly as what is indicated in Figure 7. It could be made either smaller or bigger compared to the size of the dipole antennas.
  • FIG. 9 it is shown, according to the present invention, how slot antennas can be combined with a monopole antenna to form a polarization cell.
  • Four such polarization cells form the antenna array column similar to Figure 4.
  • the polarization cell consists of two perpendicular slot antennas 310 and 320 make up the polarization cell together with the monopole 330, mounted perpendicular to the back-plane 340.
  • the monopole is of the same kind as the monopole 25 described in detail in Figure. 2.
  • the present invention has numerous applications most of which deal with the improvement of signal quality in wireless communication.
  • Mobile communication is by nature truly three-dimensional and therefore the present invention in some sense is optimal as it provides the full 3-D electric field at several different spatial points.
  • the knowledge and control of the full electric field can be utilized to achieve numerous enhancements not present, nor even possible, in ordinary antenna systems. For instance, certain types of fading can be minimized by appropriate polarization processing in a way analogous to how polarized sunglasses minimize reflections from the surface of the sea.
  • Another application is determination of the direction of arrival by considering the transverse nature of propagating electromagnetic waves.
  • the present invention for transmission and digital beam-forming, we note that it has advantages compared to a planar array since the present invention has additionally control of the component normal to the array.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'antenne permettant d'obtenir un champ électromagnétique tridimensionnel. Dans un système complet, ledit dispositif d'antenne est connecté à un équipement radio normalisé tel qu'un émetteur-récepteur, etc., permettant de traiter des signaux d'antenne. Les informations de polarisation unique provenant du dispositif d'antenne permettent de traiter lesdits signaux afin de supprimer un évanouissement, de réduire une interférence co-canal, de déterminer un angle d'arrivée, de former un faisceau, etc. C'est donc la combinaison du dispositif d'antenne et d'algorithmes de traitement de signaux personnalisée qui constitue tout l'intérêt de cette invention. En général, un réseau d'antennes est construit à l'aide d'au moins deux cellules de polarisation (5), chacune d'elles comprenant une paire d'antennes dipôles (20) disposées en croix pour obtenir une polarisation dans un premier et un deuxième sens, et un élément monopôle (25) pour obtenir une polarisation dans un troisième sens, un certain nombre de cellules de polarisation formant une colonne de réseau. Chaque seconde cellule de polarisation (10) peut tourner de 180 degrés. Un système d'alimentation (90) à interconnexions de cellules de polarisation appropriées crée un organe permettant de sélectionner des signaux provenant des trois sens de polarisation différents, ce qui permet d'obtenir des informations de champ électromagnétique tridimensionnel d'une onde radio fréquence actuelle.
PCT/SE2002/001138 2001-07-13 2002-06-13 Dispositif d'antenne multipoints WO2003007422A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0102520-4 2001-07-13
SE0102520A SE517524C2 (sv) 2001-07-13 2001-07-13 Antennanordning för användning av tredimensionell elektromagnetisk fältinformation inherent i en radiovåg

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WO2003007422A1 true WO2003007422A1 (fr) 2003-01-23

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2571100A3 (fr) * 2011-09-18 2014-05-14 Elta Systems Ltd. Radiogoniomètre 3D compact
CN103794869A (zh) * 2013-03-28 2014-05-14 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 全向天线
US20150116177A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-04-30 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Vertically And Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antennas And Related Methods
WO2015107473A1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Stellenbosch University Antenne composite multimode
WO2016093728A1 (fr) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Antenne à six ports à six polarisations
US9541370B2 (en) 2011-09-18 2017-01-10 Elta Systems Ltd. Compact 3D direction finding and polarization resolving
US9673525B2 (en) 2011-05-23 2017-06-06 Nokia Technologies Oy Apparatus and methods for wireless communication
JP2018519737A (ja) * 2015-06-20 2018-07-19 ホアウェイ・テクノロジーズ・カンパニー・リミテッド 三偏波の信号用のアンテナ素子
US20200028277A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 Paul Robert Watson Configurable wide scan angle array
US11289813B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-03-29 Elta Systems Ltd. Compact antenna device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6670931B2 (en) * 2001-11-19 2003-12-30 The Boeing Company Antenna having cross polarization improvement using rotated antenna elements
SE523086C2 (sv) * 2002-02-04 2004-03-23 Jan Bergman System för tredimensionell utvärdering av ett elektroniskt vektorvågfält

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4814777A (en) * 1987-07-31 1989-03-21 Raytheon Company Dual-polarization, omni-directional antenna system
EP0762542A2 (fr) * 1995-08-25 1997-03-12 Uniden Corporation Diversité d'antennes
DE19823750A1 (de) * 1998-05-27 1999-12-09 Kathrein Werke Kg Antennenarray mit mehreren vertikal übereinander angeordneten Primärstrahler-Modulen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4814777A (en) * 1987-07-31 1989-03-21 Raytheon Company Dual-polarization, omni-directional antenna system
EP0762542A2 (fr) * 1995-08-25 1997-03-12 Uniden Corporation Diversité d'antennes
DE19823750A1 (de) * 1998-05-27 1999-12-09 Kathrein Werke Kg Antennenarray mit mehreren vertikal übereinander angeordneten Primärstrahler-Modulen

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9673525B2 (en) 2011-05-23 2017-06-06 Nokia Technologies Oy Apparatus and methods for wireless communication
EP2571100A3 (fr) * 2011-09-18 2014-05-14 Elta Systems Ltd. Radiogoniomètre 3D compact
US9041400B2 (en) 2011-09-18 2015-05-26 Elta Systems Ltd. Compact 3D direction finder
US9194686B2 (en) 2011-09-18 2015-11-24 Elta Systems Ltd. Compact 3D direction finder
US9541370B2 (en) 2011-09-18 2017-01-10 Elta Systems Ltd. Compact 3D direction finding and polarization resolving
CN103794869A (zh) * 2013-03-28 2014-05-14 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 全向天线
CN103794869B (zh) * 2013-03-28 2014-12-24 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 全向天线
US20150116177A1 (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-04-30 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Vertically And Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antennas And Related Methods
WO2015065837A1 (fr) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Antennes équidirectives polarisées verticalement et horizontalement et procédés associés
US11387574B2 (en) 2013-10-29 2022-07-12 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd Vertically and horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennas and related methods
CN106134002A (zh) * 2014-01-17 2016-11-16 斯坦陵布什大学 多模复合天线
US9490542B1 (en) 2014-01-17 2016-11-08 Stellenbosch University Multi-mode composite antenna
TWI648909B (zh) * 2014-01-17 2019-01-21 斯泰倫博斯大學 多模式複合式天線
WO2015107473A1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Stellenbosch University Antenne composite multimode
WO2016093728A1 (fr) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Antenne à six ports à six polarisations
CN107112639A (zh) * 2014-12-12 2017-08-29 华为技术有限公司 六端口六极化天线
CN107112639B (zh) * 2014-12-12 2020-10-23 华为技术有限公司 六端口六极化天线
JP2018519737A (ja) * 2015-06-20 2018-07-19 ホアウェイ・テクノロジーズ・カンパニー・リミテッド 三偏波の信号用のアンテナ素子
US11289813B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-03-29 Elta Systems Ltd. Compact antenna device
US20200028277A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 Paul Robert Watson Configurable wide scan angle array
US10700441B2 (en) * 2018-07-20 2020-06-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Configurable wide scan angle array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0102520L (sv) 2002-06-18
SE517524C2 (sv) 2002-06-18
SE0102520D0 (sv) 2001-07-13

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