WO2003000596A1 - Magnetic liquid treatment system - Google Patents

Magnetic liquid treatment system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003000596A1
WO2003000596A1 PCT/ES2001/000255 ES0100255W WO03000596A1 WO 2003000596 A1 WO2003000596 A1 WO 2003000596A1 ES 0100255 W ES0100255 W ES 0100255W WO 03000596 A1 WO03000596 A1 WO 03000596A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
bar
magnetic
permanent magnets
poles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2001/000255
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ricardo Blach Vizoso
Original Assignee
David Systems & Technology S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by David Systems & Technology S.L. filed Critical David Systems & Technology S.L.
Priority to PCT/ES2001/000255 priority Critical patent/WO2003000596A1/en
Publication of WO2003000596A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003000596A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F02M27/045—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism by permanent magnets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/481—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using permanent magnets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic system intended for the treatment of liquids, applicable both in the field of heat energy and in the chemical, food and other industries.
  • the object of the invention is none other than to provide a simple device, based on a multipolar source of a magnetic field on the basis of permanent magnets, which makes it possible to reduce the cleaning time of, for example, the deposit of a boiler of a heat exchanger, as well as reducing the consumption of a coagulant in a chemical water treatment line, being equally applicable in oil wells to reduce or prevent the formation of paraffins, or even to reduce the pollution of gases emanating from the combustion of gasoline, as well as to reduce its consumption.
  • One of the systems is based on the use of a series of permanent magnets in the form of rectangular cross-section bars, in combination with a ferromagnetic body whose chassis is made of ferromagnetic material and located inside a housing, so that the bars corresponding to the magnets Permanent are arranged in series, parallel to the axis of the body.
  • EP Patent No. 0506110 Al which uses a multipolar source of a magnetic field, comprising a tubular ferromagnetic body and a bar coaxially arranged therein, so that said bar is formed by a set of permanent magnets of cylindrical configuration, facing each other by the same poles.
  • these permanent magnets are arranged disk-shaped magnetic conductors, so that the poles on the tubular conformation and on the bar are oriented towards the zone of separation between tube and bar, having opposite polarities, such as the polarities corresponding to the adjacent poles on the tube and the bar.
  • This system or device based on the multipolar source of a magnetic field on the basis of permanent magnets has the disadvantage that said magnetic field is not strong enough to perform an effective treatment of the liquid, weakness of the magnetic field that is due to the non-rational use of the magnets.
  • the system that is recommended has been conceived to solve the problem described above, so that based on a multipolar source of a magnetic field on the basis of permanent magnets to carry out the treatment of liquids, and where the multipolar source is made by a tube and a coaxial bar, with a free space of operation between them, and where the poles are oriented towards that free space and have opposite polarities, while the adjacent poles, both on the tube and on the bar also have opposite polarities, it is characterized in that the permanent magnets are made with a gradient, that is to say they have coercive force values along the greater magnetic texture in correspondence with the surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the texture and smaller in a central part of the magnets.
  • This technical solution in the application of the system, entails a reduction in the cleaning time of container water tanks of a heat exchange equipment, as well as an acceleration in the reduction of the hardness of the treated water and the reduction in the consumption of a coagulating agent used in chemical cleaning of water, all due to an increase in the efficiency of the magnetic treatment and also to the increase in the permissible temperature of the treated liquid.
  • the axially positioned tube and bar are located inside a cylindrical body in which an axial passage has been established for the liquid to be treated, so that this passage has a widened section in which the formed tube is located by rings of magnetic material alternated with rings of non-magnetic material, while the bar located concentrically to the aforementioned tube is formed by magnetic material discs (magnetic conductors) alternated with permanent magnets, with the particularity that the ends of said bar They are determined by two cones, each of them based on a pair of cross posters.
  • Permanent magnets can be arranged only in the tube, or in the bar and in the tube, whereby said magnets can be manufactured on the basis of rare earth metal alloys with Fe group metals.
  • the inner surface of the tube and the outer surface of the bar will be provided with a protective oxide coating and protected by covers made of a corrosion resistant material, for example, stainless steel.
  • Figure 1 shows a view in longitudinal section of the device in which the liquid treatment system object of the invention materializes.
  • Figure 2.- Shows a sectional view corresponding to the cutting line A-A represented in the previous figure.
  • the system or device of the invention comprises an elongated body (1) in which an axial passage (2) is established for the conduction of the liquid to be treated, so that said passage internally
  • the body (1) which is cylindrical, is made of a soft magnetism material, while the tube (3) is determined by the alternative arrangement of a series of rings (6) of magnetic material and a series of rings (7 ) of non-magnetic material.
  • the bar (4) is formed by an alternative arrangement of discs (8) of material soft magnetic (magnetic conductors) and of hard magnetic material discs or permanent magnets (9), the ends of said bar (4) being conical configuration and determined by respective crossbars (10), as clearly shown in the figure 2.
  • the conical conformations (10) of such a bar (4) are of non-magnetic material, while the inner surface of the tube (3) as well as the outer surface of the bar itself (4), are protected by stainless steel casings (11 ) and (12), respectively.
  • Permanent magnets (9) run in gradient, that is, the value of coercive forces along the magnetic texture is 30-40% higher near of the surfaces that are perpendicular to the axis of the texture, with respect to the value in the central part of the magnets themselves, where said value is 1,600 kA / m.
  • the use of permanent magnets in gradient allows to provide a positive effect to the treatment of the liquid, in a wider band of temperatures, at the cost of the stability of a magnetic flux in a wide range of temperatures, so that the gradient magnet can be compound, that is, it can consist of several permanent magnets with different coercive forces.
  • the end poles on the bar (4) and the tube (3) are arranged opposite each other and have opposite polarities, while the intermediate poles are misaligned with spacing intervals not greater than half the length of a pole. in the direction of the axis of the device, so that the displacement of the poles in the central part provides an increase in the efficiency of the action of the magnetic field on the coagulation of additives in a liquid.
  • the second component facilitates the processing or treatment of the paramagnetic and / or ferromagnetic magnetizing components of a liquid, so that the value of the axial component must not exceed that of the cross-sectional component.
  • rare earth magnets such as Sm- Co, Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr, Nd-Fe-B have the highest efficiency and allow to create sufficiently large magnetic fields (160 - 1000 kA / m) in considerable magnet separations (10-30 mm).
  • a protective coating for example with a nickel or chrome base on the central bar and / or the inner surface of the tube to be placed therein within a containment hulls, manufactured, by example, in stainless steel.
  • the permanent magnets (9) have an axial magnetic texture and are arranged on a bar (4).
  • the arrangement, combination and shape of the permanent magnets (9), magnetic conductors (7), (8) and non-magnetic inserts and also the direction of the magnetic texture depends on the characteristics of the process in which the system or device is applied.
  • the main specifications that influence the selection of the embodiment are: the elementary composition of the liquids to be treated, the presence and type of impurities, the flow rate of the liquid in the free space of operation, the periods between the end of the process or treatment magnetic and the use of the treated liquid in the following different processes.
  • the liquid circulates through the free space (5) between the inner surface of the tube (3) and the outer surface of the bar (4), whereby the liquid is exposed to a magnetic field inverse (in sign).
  • the magnetic field that is in cross-section with respect to the movement of the liquid, and in a central part of the free space of operation, has two components, one perpendicular and the other axial, so that the latter it must not exceed an absolute value of the perpendicular component, the fact that the axial component is 0.1-1 times the perpendicular component is considered optimal.
  • the system thus described can be used for the magnetic treatment of:
  • Discharge liquid to reduce or prevent the formation of paraffins in oil wells.
  • Gasoline especially in a low octane graduation, to reduce the pollution of gases such as CO and reduce the consumption of gasoline by 10%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic liquid treatment system involving the use of a multipolar magnetic field source together with permanent magnets. The multipolar source comprises a tube (3) and a bar (4) which are disposed coaxially. Said tube (3) comprises alternative rings made from magnetic (6) and non-magnetic material (7) while said bar comprises alternative disks made from material (8) and permanent magnets (9). A free functional space is disposed between the tube (3) and the bar (4) such that the poles are orientated towards said free space and have opposing polarities, the adjacent poles also having opposing polarities. The permanent magnets (9) are produced with a gradient, i.e. with coercive force values along the length of the magnetic texture which are greater close to the surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the texture and smaller in the central part of the magnets. The end poles of the tube (3) and the bar (4) are disposed opposite one another while the intermediary poles are out of alignment. The inventive system is particularly suitable for use in the field of thermal energy engineering, in water treatment processes in chemical, food and other industries in which it is necessary to prevent incrustation on the surface of heat transfer equipment and for other applications. Said engineering solution affords a reduction in the time required to clean water containers in a heat exchanger, an improvement in the hardness of the treated water and a reduction in the amount of coagulating agent used in chemical water cleaning, owing to an increase in the effectiveness of the magnetic liquid treatment and also to the increase in the permissible temperature of the treated liquid.

Description

SISTEMA MAGNÉTICO DE TRATAMIENTO DE LÍQUIDOS MAGNETIC LIQUID TREATMENT SYSTEM
D E S C R I P C I Ó ND E S C R I P C I Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema magnético previsto para el tratamiento de líquidos, aplicable tanto en el campo de la energía calorífica como en la industria química, de alimentación y otros.The present invention relates to a magnetic system intended for the treatment of liquids, applicable both in the field of heat energy and in the chemical, food and other industries.
El objeto de la invención no es otro que el de proporcionar un sencillo dispositivo, basado en una fuente multipolar de un campo magnético sobre la base de imanes permanentes, que posibilita reducir el tiempo de limpieza de, por ejemplo, el depósito de una caldera de un intercambiador de calor, así como reducir el consumo de un coagulante en una línea química de tratamiento de agua, siendo igualmente aplicable en pozos petrolíferos para disminuir o evitar la formación de parafinas, o incluso para reducir la polución de gases emanados en la combustión de la gasolina, así como para reducir el consumo de ésta.The object of the invention is none other than to provide a simple device, based on a multipolar source of a magnetic field on the basis of permanent magnets, which makes it possible to reduce the cleaning time of, for example, the deposit of a boiler of a heat exchanger, as well as reducing the consumption of a coagulant in a chemical water treatment line, being equally applicable in oil wells to reduce or prevent the formation of paraffins, or even to reduce the pollution of gases emanating from the combustion of gasoline, as well as to reduce its consumption.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Se conocen numerosos tipos de sistemas o dispositivos para el tratamiento magnético de líquidos. Uno de los sistemas se basa en la utilización de una serie de imanes permanentes en forma de barras de sección transversal rectangular, en combinación con un cuerpo ferromagnético cuyo chasis está fabricado en material ferromagnético y situado en el interior de una carcasa, de manera que las barras correspondientes a los imanes permanentes se disponen en serie, paralelamente al eje del cuerpo .Numerous types of systems or devices for the magnetic treatment of liquids are known. One of the systems is based on the use of a series of permanent magnets in the form of rectangular cross-section bars, in combination with a ferromagnetic body whose chassis is made of ferromagnetic material and located inside a housing, so that the bars corresponding to the magnets Permanent are arranged in series, parallel to the axis of the body.
En este sistema o dispositivo, los espacios libres de operación para el tránsito del líquido, se encuentran dispuestos entre los polos de los imanes permanentes adyacentes. El tipo de dispositivo referido se describe de forma concreta en la Patente rusa N° 2091323.In this system or device, the free spaces of operation for the transit of the liquid, are arranged between the poles of the adjacent permanent magnets. The type of device referred to is specifically described in Russian Patent No. 2091323.
El inconveniente que presenta este sistema o dispositivo referido, es la existencia de zonas en las que la intensidad del campo magnético es pobre con lo que se produce un paso libre insuficiente para el líquido.The drawback of this system or device referred to, is the existence of areas where the intensity of the magnetic field is poor, resulting in an insufficient free passage for the liquid.
Como mejora del sistema del dispositivo referido con anterioridad, existe un documento correspondiente a la Patente EP N° 0506110 Al, que utiliza una fuente multipolar de un campo magnético, que comprende un cuerpo ferromagnético tubular y una barra dispuesta coaxialmente al mismo, de manera que dicha barra está formada por un conjunto de imanes permanentes de configuración cilindrica, enfrentados entre sí por los mismos polos.As an improvement of the system of the device referred to above, there is a document corresponding to EP Patent No. 0506110 Al, which uses a multipolar source of a magnetic field, comprising a tubular ferromagnetic body and a bar coaxially arranged therein, so that said bar is formed by a set of permanent magnets of cylindrical configuration, facing each other by the same poles.
Entre esos imanes permanentes se disponen conductores magnéticos en forma de disco, con lo que los polos sobre la conformación tubular y sobre la barra están orientados hacia la zona de separación entre tubo y barra, teniendo unas polaridades opuestas, como lo son las polaridades correspondientes a los polos adyacentes sobre el tubo y la barra.Among these permanent magnets are arranged disk-shaped magnetic conductors, so that the poles on the tubular conformation and on the bar are oriented towards the zone of separation between tube and bar, having opposite polarities, such as the polarities corresponding to the adjacent poles on the tube and the bar.
Este sistema o dispositivo basado en la fuente multipolar de un campo magnético sobre la base de imanes permanentes, presenta el inconveniente de que el citado campo magnético no es lo suficientemente fuerte como para realizar un tratamiento eficaz del líquido, debilidad del campo magnético que se debe a la no racional utilización de los imanes .This system or device based on the multipolar source of a magnetic field on the basis of permanent magnets, has the disadvantage that said magnetic field is not strong enough to perform an effective treatment of the liquid, weakness of the magnetic field that is due to the non-rational use of the magnets.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El sistema que se preconiza, ha sido concebido para resolver la problemática anteriormente expuesta, de manera que basándose en una fuente multipolar de un campo magnético sobre la base de imanes permanentes para llevar a cabo el tratamiento de líquidos, y en donde la fuente multipolar está realizada mediante un tubo y una barra coaxial, con un espacio libre de operación entre ellos, y en donde los polos están orientados hacia ese espacio libre y tienen polaridades opuestas, a la vez de que los polos adyacentes, tanto sobre el tubo como sobre la barra también tienen polaridades opuestas, se caracteriza porque los imanes permanentes están realizados con un gradiente, es decir que tienen unos valores de fuerza coercitiva a lo largo de la textura magnética mayor en correspondencia con las superficies perpendiculares al eje de la textura y menores en una parte central de los imanes .The system that is recommended, has been conceived to solve the problem described above, so that based on a multipolar source of a magnetic field on the basis of permanent magnets to carry out the treatment of liquids, and where the multipolar source is made by a tube and a coaxial bar, with a free space of operation between them, and where the poles are oriented towards that free space and have opposite polarities, while the adjacent poles, both on the tube and on the bar also have opposite polarities, it is characterized in that the permanent magnets are made with a gradient, that is to say they have coercive force values along the greater magnetic texture in correspondence with the surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the texture and smaller in a central part of the magnets.
De esta manera los polos extremos sobre la barra y el tubo se encuentran dispuestos opuestamente entre sí, mientras que los polos intermedios quedan desalineados con unos intervalos de separación entre 0,2 y 0,5, de la longitud de un polo en la dirección del eje del dispositivo que materializa el propio sistema.In this way the end poles on the bar and the tube are arranged opposite each other, while the intermediate poles are misaligned with separation intervals between 0.2 and 0.5, of the length of a pole in the direction of the axis of the device that materializes the system itself.
Esta solución técnica, en la aplicación del sistema, lleva consigo una reducción del tiempo de limpieza de depósitos contenedores del agua de un equipo de intercambio de calor, así como una aceleración en la disminución de la dureza del agua tratada y la reducción en el consumo de un agente coagulante utilizado en la limpieza química del agua, todo ello debido a un incremento en la eficiencia del tratamiento magnético y también al incremento de la temperatura permisible del líquido tratado.This technical solution, in the application of the system, entails a reduction in the cleaning time of container water tanks of a heat exchange equipment, as well as an acceleration in the reduction of the hardness of the treated water and the reduction in the consumption of a coagulating agent used in chemical cleaning of water, all due to an increase in the efficiency of the magnetic treatment and also to the increase in the permissible temperature of the treated liquid.
El tubo y la barra situados axialmente, quedan ubicados en el interior de un cuerpo cilindrico en el que se ha establecido un paso axial para el líquido a tratar, de manera que ese paso cuenta con un tramo ensanchado en el que queda ubicado el tubo formado por anillos de material magnético alternados con anillos de material no magnético, mientras que la barra situada concéntricamente al tubo anteriormente referido está formada por discos de material magnético (conductores magnéticos) alternados con imanes permanentes, con la particularidad de que los extremos de la citada barra están determinados por dos conos, a base cada uno de ellos de una pareja de cartelas en cruz .The axially positioned tube and bar are located inside a cylindrical body in which an axial passage has been established for the liquid to be treated, so that this passage has a widened section in which the formed tube is located by rings of magnetic material alternated with rings of non-magnetic material, while the bar located concentrically to the aforementioned tube is formed by magnetic material discs (magnetic conductors) alternated with permanent magnets, with the particularity that the ends of said bar They are determined by two cones, each of them based on a pair of cross posters.
Los imanes permanentes pueden disponerse únicamente en el tubo, o bien en la barra y en el tubo, con lo que dichos imanes pueden ser fabricados sobre la base de aleaciones de metales de tierras raras con metales del grupo del Fe. La superficie interna del tubo y la superficie externa de la barra estarán dotadas de un recubrimiento protector antióxido y protegidos mediante cubiertas fabricadas de un material resistente a la corrosión por ejemplo, acero inoxidable.Permanent magnets can be arranged only in the tube, or in the bar and in the tube, whereby said magnets can be manufactured on the basis of rare earth metal alloys with Fe group metals. The inner surface of the tube and the outer surface of the bar will be provided with a protective oxide coating and protected by covers made of a corrosion resistant material, for example, stainless steel.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, is attached as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
La figura 1.- Muestra una vista en sección longitudinal del dispositivo en que se materializa el sistema de tratamiento de líquidos objeto de la invención.Figure 1 shows a view in longitudinal section of the device in which the liquid treatment system object of the invention materializes.
La figura 2.- Muestra una vista en sección correspondiente a la línea de corte A-A representada en la figura anterior.Figure 2.- Shows a sectional view corresponding to the cutting line A-A represented in the previous figure.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas puede observarse como el sistema o dispositivo de la invención, comprende un cuerpo alargado (1) en el que está establecido un paso axial (2) para la conducción del líquido a tratar, de manera que internamente dicho pasoIn view of the aforementioned figures, it can be seen how the system or device of the invention comprises an elongated body (1) in which an axial passage (2) is established for the conduction of the liquid to be treated, so that said passage internally
(2) presenta un tramo en expansión en el que queda ubicado un tubo (3) adosado a la pared interna de la expansión del tramo correspondiente al paso (2) del cuerpo (1) , y concéntricamente una barra axial (4) , con una separación entre el tubo (3) y barra (4) , separación que lleva la referencia (5) .(2) has an expanding section in which a tube (3) attached to the internal wall of the expansion of the section corresponding to the passage (2) of the body (1) is located, and concentrically an axial bar (4), with a separation between the tube (3) and bar (4), separation that bears the reference (5).
El cuerpo (1) , que es cilindrico, está realizado en una materia de magnetismo blando, mientras que el tubo (3) está determinado por la disposición alternativa de una serie de anillos (6) de material magnético y una serie de anillos (7) de material no magnético.The body (1), which is cylindrical, is made of a soft magnetism material, while the tube (3) is determined by the alternative arrangement of a series of rings (6) of magnetic material and a series of rings (7 ) of non-magnetic material.
Por su parte, la barra (4) está formada por una disposición alternativa de discos (8) de material magnético blando (conductores magnéticos) y de discos de material magnético duro o imanes permanentes (9) , siendo los extremos de dicha barra (4) de configuración cónica y determinada por respectivas cartelas en cruz (10) , como se representa claramente en la figura 2. Los extremos cónicosFor its part, the bar (4) is formed by an alternative arrangement of discs (8) of material soft magnetic (magnetic conductors) and of hard magnetic material discs or permanent magnets (9), the ends of said bar (4) being conical configuration and determined by respective crossbars (10), as clearly shown in the figure 2. The tapered ends
(10) de esa barra (4) quedan enfrentados a la entrada y salida del paso (2) establecido axialmente en el cuerpo cilindrico (1) , con lo que el líquido que penetra por uno de los extremos referido, según indica la flecha de la figura 1, se bifurca por esas configuraciones cónicas(10) of that bar (4) face the inlet and outlet of the passage (2) established axially in the cylindrical body (1), whereby the liquid that penetrates through one of the aforementioned ends, as indicated by the arrow Figure 1, forks by those conical configurations
(10) , accediendo a la cámara anular determinada por la separación (5) entre la barra (4) y el tubo (3) .(10), accessing the annular chamber determined by the separation (5) between the bar (4) and the tube (3).
Las conformaciones cónicas (10) de tal barra (4) son de material no magnético, mientras que la superficie interna del tubo (3) así como la superficie externa de la propia barra (4) , están protegidas por envolventes de acero inoxidable (11) y (12), respectivamente.The conical conformations (10) of such a bar (4) are of non-magnetic material, while the inner surface of the tube (3) as well as the outer surface of the bar itself (4), are protected by stainless steel casings (11 ) and (12), respectively.
La superficie interna de los anillos magnéticosThe inner surface of the magnetic rings
(6) y las superficies cilindricas de los discos correspondientes a los conductores magnéticos (8) , sirven como polos y están orientados hacia el espacio libre (5) existente o determinado entre el tubo (3) y barra (4) . De este modo, los polos extremos sobre la barra (4) y sobre el tubo (3) se encuentran dispuestos opuestamente entre sí, como se representa claramente en la figura 1, es decir enfrentados, mientras que los polos intermedios están desalineados entre sí con unos intervalos de separación entre 0,2 y 0,5 de la longitud de un polo en la dirección del eje axial del dispositivo.(6) and the cylindrical surfaces of the disks corresponding to the magnetic conductors (8), serve as poles and are oriented towards the free space (5) existing or determined between the tube (3) and bar (4). Thus, the end poles on the bar (4) and on the tube (3) are arranged opposite each other, as clearly shown in Figure 1, that is to say facing each other, while the intermediate poles are misaligned with each other. separation intervals between 0.2 and 0.5 of the length of a pole in the direction of the axial axis of the device.
Los imanes permanentes (9) se ejecutan en gradiente, es decir, el valor de las fuerzas coercitivas a lo largo de la textura magnética es un 30-40% mayor cerca de las superficies que son perpendiculares al eje de la textura, con respecto al valor en la parte central de los propios imanes, donde dicho valor es de 1.600 kA/m.Permanent magnets (9) run in gradient, that is, the value of coercive forces along the magnetic texture is 30-40% higher near of the surfaces that are perpendicular to the axis of the texture, with respect to the value in the central part of the magnets themselves, where said value is 1,600 kA / m.
La utilización de imanes permanentes en gradiente permite suministrar un efecto positivo al tratamiento del líquido, en una banda más ancha de temperaturas, a costa de la estabilidad de un flujo magnético en un amplio rango de temperaturas, de manera que el imán en gradiente puede ser compuesto, es decir, puede consistir en varios imanes permanentes con fuerzas coercitivas diferentes.The use of permanent magnets in gradient allows to provide a positive effect to the treatment of the liquid, in a wider band of temperatures, at the cost of the stability of a magnetic flux in a wide range of temperatures, so that the gradient magnet can be compound, that is, it can consist of several permanent magnets with different coercive forces.
Los polos extremos sobre la barra (4) y el tubo (3) están dispuestos opuestamente entre sí y tienen polaridades opuestas, mientras que los polos intermedios están desalineados entre sí con unos intervalos de separación no mayores que la mitad de la longitud de un polo en la dirección del eje del dispositivo, de manera que el desplazamiento de los polos en la parte central proporciona un incremento de la eficiencia de la acción del campo magnético sobre la coagulación de aditivos en un líquido.The end poles on the bar (4) and the tube (3) are arranged opposite each other and have opposite polarities, while the intermediate poles are misaligned with spacing intervals not greater than half the length of a pole. in the direction of the axis of the device, so that the displacement of the poles in the central part provides an increase in the efficiency of the action of the magnetic field on the coagulation of additives in a liquid.
Esto se produce debido a la presencia de un componente en sección transversal, así como a la de un componente axial de un campo magnético. El segundo componente facilita el procesamiento o tratamiento de los componentes magnetizantes paramagnéticos y/o ferromagnéticos de un líquido, por lo que el valor del componente axial no debe ser superior al del componente en sección transversal .This occurs due to the presence of a cross-sectional component, as well as that of an axial component of a magnetic field. The second component facilitates the processing or treatment of the paramagnetic and / or ferromagnetic magnetizing components of a liquid, so that the value of the axial component must not exceed that of the cross-sectional component.
Por otra parte, cabe decir que se pueden utilizar diferentes materiales de magnetismo duro en el sistema descrito, aunque los imanes de tierra rara tales como Sm- Co, Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr, Nd-Fe-B presentan la mayor eficiencia y permiten crear unos campos magnéticos suficientemente grandes (160 - 1000 kA/m) en unas separaciones de imanes considerables (10-30 mm) .On the other hand, it can be said that different hard magnetism materials can be used in the described system, although rare earth magnets such as Sm- Co, Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr, Nd-Fe-B have the highest efficiency and allow to create sufficiently large magnetic fields (160 - 1000 kA / m) in considerable magnet separations (10-30 mm).
Para aumentar la disponibilidad del dispositivo es útil poner un recubrimiento protector, por ejemplo con una base de níquel o de cromo sobre la barra central y/o la superficie interna del tubo a colocar a los mismos dentro de unos cascos de contención, fabricados, por ejemplo, en acero inoxidable.In order to increase the availability of the device it is useful to put a protective coating, for example with a nickel or chrome base on the central bar and / or the inner surface of the tube to be placed therein within a containment hulls, manufactured, by example, in stainless steel.
Una de las versiones posibles de implantación del dispositivo, tal y como se representa en la Figura 1, deja ver que los imanes permanentes (9) tienen una textura magnética axial y se encuentran dispuestos sobre una barra (4) . Sobre la realización concreta, esto es, la disposición, combinación y forma de los imanes permanentes (9) , conductores magnéticos (7) , (8) e inserciones no magnéticas y también la dirección de la textura magnética, depende de las características del proceso en el cual se aplica el sistema o dispositivo. Las especificaciones principales que influyen en la selección de la realización son: la composición elemental de los líquidos a tratar, la presencia y el tipo de impurezas, el caudal del líquido en el espacio libre de operación, los períodos entre el final del proceso o tratamiento magnético y la utilización del líquido tratado en los siguientes procesos diferentes.One of the possible versions of implantation of the device, as shown in Figure 1, shows that the permanent magnets (9) have an axial magnetic texture and are arranged on a bar (4). On the concrete embodiment, that is, the arrangement, combination and shape of the permanent magnets (9), magnetic conductors (7), (8) and non-magnetic inserts and also the direction of the magnetic texture, depends on the characteristics of the process in which the system or device is applied. The main specifications that influence the selection of the embodiment are: the elementary composition of the liquids to be treated, the presence and type of impurities, the flow rate of the liquid in the free space of operation, the periods between the end of the process or treatment magnetic and the use of the treated liquid in the following different processes.
Como ejemplo concreto y comparativo de los resultados del sistema descrito con respecto a uno que utiliza imanes homogéneos y polos simétricos, puede decirse que el tiempo de limpieza de los depósitos de una caldera de un intercambiador de calor se redujo de 22 horas a 10 horas, y el consumo de un coagulante en una línea química de tratamiento de agua disminuyó un 40%.As a concrete and comparative example of the results of the system described with respect to one that uses homogeneous magnets and symmetrical poles, it can be said that the cleaning time of the tanks of a boiler of a heat exchanger was reduced from 22 hours to 10 hours, and the consumption of a coagulant in a chemical water treatment line decreased by 40%.
En el proceso de tratamiento, el líquido circula a través del espacio libre (5) existente entre la superficie interna del tubo (3) y la superficie externa de la barra (4) , con lo que el líquido se encuentra expuesto a un campo magnético inverso (en signo) . Sobre los extremos de la barra (4) , el campo magnético que está en sección transversal respecto al movimiento del líquido, y en una parte central del espacio libre de operación, tiene dos componentes, uno perpendicular y otro axial, de manera que éste último no debe exceder de un valor absoluto del componente perpendicular, estimándose como óptimo el hecho de que el componente axial sea 0,1-1 veces el componente perpendicular.In the treatment process, the liquid circulates through the free space (5) between the inner surface of the tube (3) and the outer surface of the bar (4), whereby the liquid is exposed to a magnetic field inverse (in sign). On the ends of the bar (4), the magnetic field that is in cross-section with respect to the movement of the liquid, and in a central part of the free space of operation, has two components, one perpendicular and the other axial, so that the latter it must not exceed an absolute value of the perpendicular component, the fact that the axial component is 0.1-1 times the perpendicular component is considered optimal.
El sistema así descrito puede ser utilizado para el tratamiento magnético de:The system thus described can be used for the magnetic treatment of:
- Agua para disminuir 2-3 veces el consumo de un coagulante en el tratamiento químico del agua, para acelerar la limpieza 3-4 veces y evitar la creación de depósitos de las calderas y en intercambiadores de calor, reduciendo el consumo de reactivos en los tejidos coloreados.- Water to reduce the consumption of a coagulant 2-3 times in the chemical treatment of water, to accelerate the cleaning 3-4 times and avoid the creation of boiler deposits and in heat exchangers, reducing the consumption of reagents in the colored fabrics
Líquido de vertido para disminuir o evitar la formación de parafinas en pozos de petróleo.Discharge liquid to reduce or prevent the formation of paraffins in oil wells.
Gasolina, especialmente en una de graduación de octano baja, para reducir la polución de gases tales como el CO y la reducción del consumo de gasolina en un 10%. Gasoline, especially in a low octane graduation, to reduce the pollution of gases such as CO and reduce the consumption of gasoline by 10%.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
Ia.- Sistema magnético de tratamiento de líquidos, que basándose en una fuente multipolar de un campo magnético en combinación con una serie de imanes permanentes, en donde dicha fuente multipolar comprende un tubo (3) formado por la alternancia de anillos de material magnético (6) y material no magnético (7) , así como una barra coaxial (4) formada por la disposición alternativa de discos de material magnético blando (8) y discos de imanes permanentes (9) , todo ello dispuesto en un tramo ensanchado de un paso (2) establecido al efecto en un cuerpo cilindrico (1) a través del cual se hace pasar el líquido a tratar, estando orientados los polos tanto del tubo (3) como de la barra (4) hacia el espacio libre (5) determinado entre tal tubo (3) y barra (4) , siendo aquellos de polaridades opuestas, mientras que los polos adyacentes tienen también polaridades opuestas tanto sobe el tubo (3) como sobre la barra (4) , se caracteriza porque los imanes permanentes (9) son en gradiente, teniendo unos valores de fuerza coercitiva a lo largo de la textura mayores en proximidad a las superficies perpendiculares al eje de la textura y menores en una parte central de los propios imanes (9) , determinando que los polos extremos sobre la barra (4) y sobre el tubo (3) se encuentren dispuestos en oposición enfrentada entre sí, mientras que los polos intermedios están desviados con unos intervalos de separación de 0,2 a 0,5 veces la longitud de un polo en la dirección del cuerpo general (1) en el que están situados axialmente el tubo (3) y barra (4) .I a .- Magnetic liquid treatment system, which based on a multipolar source of a magnetic field in combination with a series of permanent magnets, wherein said multipolar source comprises a tube (3) formed by alternating rings of magnetic material (6) and non-magnetic material (7), as well as a coaxial bar (4) formed by the alternative arrangement of soft magnetic material discs (8) and permanent magnet discs (9), all arranged in a widened section of a passage (2) established for this purpose in a cylindrical body (1) through which the liquid to be treated is passed, the poles of both the tube (3) and the bar (4) being oriented towards the free space (5 ) determined between such tube (3) and bar (4), those of opposite polarities, while adjacent poles also have opposite polarities both on the tube (3) and on the bar (4), it is characterized in that the permanent magnets (9) are in grad It has coercive force values along the texture greater in proximity to the surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the texture and smaller in a central part of the magnets themselves (9), determining that the end poles on the bar (4 ) and on the tube (3) are arranged opposite each other, while the intermediate poles are deflected with separation intervals of 0.2 to 0.5 times the length of a pole in the direction of the general body ( 1) in which the tube (3) and rod (4) are axially located.
2a.- Sistema magnético de tratamiento de líquidos, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque los imanes permanentes (9) van dispuestos únicamente en la barra ( 4 ) .2 .- magnetic fluid treatment system according to claim I, characterized in that the permanent magnets (9) are arranged only in the bar (4).
3a.- Sistema magnético de tratamiento de líquidos, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque los imanes permanentes (9) están dispuestos únicamente en el tubo (3) .3 .- magnetic fluid treatment system according to claim I, characterized in that the permanent magnets (9) are arranged only in the tube (3).
4a.- Sistema magnético de tratamiento de líquidos, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque los imanes permanentes (9) están dispuestos en el tubo (3) y en la barra (4) .4 .- magnetic fluid treatment system according to claim I, characterized in that the permanent magnets (9) are arranged in the tube (3) and the bar (4).
5a.- Sistema magnético de tratamiento de líquidos, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque los imanes permanentes (9) están constituidos sobre la base de aleaciones de metales de tierras raras con metales del grupo del Fe.5 .- magnetic fluid treatment system according to previous claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets (9) are constituted on the basis of metal alloys with rare earth metals of the group of Fe.
6a.- Sistema magnético de tratamiento de líquidos, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque tanto la superficie interna del tubo (3) como la superficie externa de la barra (4) , están dotadas de un recubrimiento protector antióxido.6 .- magnetic fluid treatment system according to previous claims, characterized in that both the inner surface of the tube (3) and the outer surface of the rod (4) are provided with a protective coating antirust.
7a.- Sistema magnético de tratamiento de líquidos, según reivindicaciones Ia a 5a, caracterizado porque tanto la superficie interna del tubo (3) como la superficie externa de la barra (4) , están dotadas de una envolvente protectora (11) y (12) , fabricada de un material resistente a la corrosión, preferentemente un acero inoxidable. 7 .- magnetic treatment system liquids, according to claims I to 5 to, wherein both the inner surface of the tube (3) and the outer surface of the rod (4), are provided with a protective enclosure (11) and (12), made of a corrosion resistant material, preferably a stainless steel.
PCT/ES2001/000255 2001-06-26 2001-06-26 Magnetic liquid treatment system WO2003000596A1 (en)

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