WO2002101408A1 - Systeme et procede de surveillance et d'affichage de caracteristiques d'athletes - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de surveillance et d'affichage de caracteristiques d'athletes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002101408A1
WO2002101408A1 PCT/AU2002/000760 AU0200760W WO02101408A1 WO 2002101408 A1 WO2002101408 A1 WO 2002101408A1 AU 0200760 W AU0200760 W AU 0200760W WO 02101408 A1 WO02101408 A1 WO 02101408A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tag device
signal
data
time
tag
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PCT/AU2002/000760
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English (en)
Inventor
Nigel Max Johnson
Chris Mandalovic
Arthur Christopher Nicholls
Greg Martin Hobby
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Citech Sports Corporation Pty Ltd
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Application filed by Citech Sports Corporation Pty Ltd filed Critical Citech Sports Corporation Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2002101408A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002101408A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/04—Details
    • G01S1/045—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/06—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and a method for monitoring and displaying characteristics, such as positional and physiological characteristics, of athletes.
  • the invention finds particular use in the monitoring and display of characteristics of one or more athletes during competition.
  • Real time monitoring of the characteristics of athletes during competition is of relevance to sports broadcasting, specialist coaching and sports medicine.
  • the presentation of information which enables, for example, the analysis of an athlete's performance, or an assessment of team tactics in real time, enhances the broadcast of a sporting event.
  • Manually operated tracking systems provide a system for tracking single athletes, whereby an operator equipped with a pointing device (for example, a mouse) and a device for recording the movement of the pointing device replicates the two dimensional motion of an athlete on a playing field by moving the pointing device over a graphical representation of the playing field in accordance with the athlete's position.
  • a pointing device for example, a mouse
  • a device for recording the movement of the pointing device replicates the two dimensional motion of an athlete on a playing field by moving the pointing device over a graphical representation of the playing field in accordance with the athlete's position.
  • GPS location systems are systems which utilise reference signals transmitted by a plurality of LEO satellites to obtain the three-dimensional position and velocity of an object. Whilst GPS systems provide the capability to provide positional data in an outdoor environment, the reliance of such systems on the reception of signals from the plurality of LEO satellites renders these systems unsuitable for use in an indoor environment such as an indoor sporting facility.
  • Video processing systems typically utilise video signals generated by a plurality of cameras and, using real time video signal analysis techniques, are able to track and display the positions of multiple athletes and possibly provide statistical data.
  • consecutive video images of a sporting field are 'captured' and compared so as to identify regions of motion which correspond to the motion of athletes participating in the sporting event.
  • such a system may be able, for example, to generate a graphical representation of the frequency and/or duration that an athlete occupies a particular region of a playing area.
  • systems of this type are typically unable to also provide physiological data, if necessary.
  • Conventional terrestrial electromagnetic location systems involve the processing of identifiable radio frequency signals which propagate between a device at a known position and a device at an unknown position.
  • conventional terrestrial electromagnetic location systems utilise either propagation delay measurements (for example round trip, or time of arrival) or the determination of the direction of maximum response of a received signal (using, for example, goniometric receivers) to determine the location of an object relative to one or more objects at known positions.
  • conventional terrestrial electromagnetic location systems may be better suited to monitor athlete position, these systems are highly susceptible to performance degradation due to multi-path effects and electromagnetic interference caused by extraneous electromagnetic emitters contiguous to the location system. Furthermore, multi-path effects may corrupt the integrity of an identifiable signal and therefore the location measurements. Since multi-path effects are most pronounced in locations which are contiguous to large structures such as, for example, a sports stadium, conventional terrestrial electromagnetic systems are generally unsuitable for use in a sporting facility.
  • the present invention provides a system and a method for monitoring and displaying characteristics of one or more athletes, the system including: (a) a plurality of tag devices, each tag device being capable of periodically transmitting a tag device signal in the form of a short burst, frequency- hopped spread spectrum (FH-SS) radio frequency (RF) signal, at least one tag being located on each athlete; (b) at least three separately located wideband receivers, each receiver being capable of receiving a tag device signal and being capable of processing the tag device signal to provide data representative of the time of arrival (TOA) of the tag device signal at the receiver; (c) a centralised processing means capable of receiving and processing the TOA data from each receiver to determine the position of the tag device using differences in the TOA data from each receiver;
  • FH-SS frequency- hopped spread spectrum
  • RF radio frequency
  • a data server capable of storing the positions determined by the centralized processing means; and (e) a means for retrieving and processing data from the data server to enable a graphical representation of at least one selected athlete characteristic to be displayed.
  • tag devices capable of periodically transmitting a short burst, frequency-hopped spread spectrum (FH-SS) radio frequency (RF) signal may also be affixed to other people (for example, a referee), a ball, and/or other sports related components (for example, a goal) to enable the system to determine the position of these objects, possibly relative to one or more athletes.
  • FH-SS frequency-hopped spread spectrum
  • RF radio frequency
  • references to the term 'periodically transmitting' throughout this specification is to be understood to be reference to the transmission of a tag device signal at a predetermined rate (herein referred to as the 'pulse repetition frequency', or PRF).
  • PRF predetermined rate
  • 'short burst' is to be understood to be reference to a radio frequency signal having a duration which is typically less than 100 microseconds.
  • the duration of a short burst will be referred to as the 'pulse width'.
  • the PRF of the tag device signal will be approximately 100 pulses per second. However, it is to be understood that higher or lower PRF's may also be used, the actual PRF being somewhat dependent upon the actual pulse width of the short burst.
  • the PRF be different for each of the one or more tag devices.
  • the PRF of a tag device signal will be controlled by an electronic switch means included with the tag device.
  • the electronic switch means will be able to provide a tag device signal having a leading edge with a 'very fast' rise time.
  • reference to the term 'very fast' is to be understood to be reference to a rise time which is typically less than 3 nanoseconds.
  • the transmission of a tag device signal by any one of the multiple tag devices preferably occurs asynchronously in time (for example, offset) and/or frequency (for example, tag device signals having different carrier frequencies) with the transmission of tag device signals by other tag devices.
  • a system in accordance with the present invention is provided with the capability to operate in a highly dense tag signal environment by reducing the likelihood of tag device signals coinciding, and therefore interfering.
  • a tag device signal may include a portion which has been modulated by a binary data signal (referred to as the 'modulating signal') using a suitable binary modulation scheme which may include binary data which is at least representative of a tag device identifier.
  • a binary data signal referred to as the 'modulating signal'
  • a suitable binary modulation scheme which may include binary data which is at least representative of a tag device identifier.
  • the system will be able to monitor and display positional characteristics of one or more identified athletes together with athlete identification information (for example, an athletes name and/or number and/or team).
  • positional characteristics may include athlete spatial position (for example, 2D or 3D spatial position) and/or time derivatives of athlete spatial position (for example, velocity and acceleration) during competition.
  • the modulating signal may further include data which is representative of physiological characteristics of an athlete having a tag device.
  • a system in accordance with the present invention may also be able to monitor and display athlete physiological characteristics such as heart rate, skin temperature and relative humidity.
  • Such physiological characteristics may be measured using one or more transducer means, which in a preferred form will be incorporated within the tag device.
  • the transducers may be located external to the tag device and thus interface to the tag device via an electrical interface means.
  • the one or more transducer means may be periodically sampled using a multi-channel analog to digital converter and conditioning means provided with the tag device.
  • reference to the term 'wideband receivers' is to be understood to be reference to a receiver having a bandwidth which is at least as wide as the frequency band used to transmit the tag device signals. In this respect, it is preferred that the bandwidth of the receivers is sufficient so as to not degrade the rise time of the tag device signal.
  • the receivers used in the system of the present invention will be able to down-convert tag signals without knowledge of the spreading sequence used to generate the FH-SS tag device signal.
  • Each separately located wideband receiver will be preferably located contiguous to a sporting facility in which the one or more athletes are competing, and will preferably include: (a) a means for sensing a tag device signal; (b) a means for down-converting the tag device signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal;
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • each wideband receiver will preferably also include a high stability, high speed counter which is able to generate a timing signal which is synchronised with a master clock provided with the centralised processing means.
  • reference to the term 'contiguous' is to be understood to be reference to the positioning of the receivers in the vicinity of a sporting facility such that the receivers are dispersed about the sporting facility and located so as to be able to receive tag device signals emitted from tag devices located within the boundaries of the sporting facility.
  • reference to the term 'sporting facility' is to be understood to be reference to any space in which athletes are able to compete, and includes two dimensional and three dimensional spaces, together with open or closed facilities.
  • the TOA of a received signal is preferably determined using the leading edge of the video signal by a comparator means which compares an attenuated version of the digital signal with a delayed version of the same signal to provide a trigger signal which is used to capture the current count of the timing signal.
  • this technique provides the system of the present invention with a simple and robust technique for reliable TOA measurement, since this technique is. largely independent of amplitude and rise time variations of the video signal, and provides improved noise immunity.
  • the wideband receivers are preferably also able to communicate tag device data (that is, TOA and decoded data) to the centralised processing means via a communications link.
  • tag device data that is, TOA and decoded data
  • the centralised processing means preferably compiles data received from each receiver, groups the tag device data on the basis of tag device identification data and the TOA, calculates the differential time of arrival (DTOA) using the TOA data for each grouping to provide DTOA data, and calculates the spatial position of the one or more athletes based on the DTOA data, using statistical functions and hyperbolic fixing techniques to provide athlete's positional data.
  • DTOA differential time of arrival
  • the positional data, together with any associated athlete identification and physiological data, is preferably stored on the data server.
  • the means for retrieving and processing data from the data server preferably enables a graphical representation of at least one selected athlete characteristic to be displayed in real time.
  • the present invention also provides a method for monitoring and displaying characteristics of one or more athletes having a tag device capable of periodically transmitting a short burst frequency-hopped spread spectrum (FH- SS) radio frequency (RF) signal, the method including: (a) receiving a tag device signal using at least three separately located wideband receivers;
  • FH- SS frequency-hopped spread spectrum
  • RF radio frequency
  • positional and physiological data stored on the data server is able to be post processed to provide the capability to replay selected characteristics of a selected athlete, or athletes.
  • the replay capability may be used, for example, to enable the replay of one or more selected athlete, or athlete's, characteristics during a particular event (for example, the motion of a football player used to evade an attempted tackle by an opposing player) for a particular time interval, or to enable statistical analysis and display of the stored data (for example, the average heart rate of a particular athlete over some interval).
  • an operator will be able to analyse, either in real time or in replay, positional and physiological characteristics of one or more identified athletes participating in competition.
  • the present invention will provide an operator with the ability to analyse interactions between one or more athletes and other objects (for example, the position of an athlete with respect to a ball, or the goals).
  • the present invention will find particular application in the areas of sports media (for example, television or Internet broadcasting of sporting events) and/or for use as a specialist-coaching tool.
  • Figure 1 shows a system block diagram of an athlete monitoring system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a tag device suitable for use in the embodiment of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a receiver sub-system suitable for use in the embodiment of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a TOA detector suitable for use in the embodiment of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 shows a block diagram of a main processor sub-system suitable for use in the embodiment of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) suitable for use in an analyst station suitable for use in the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention relates to the use of an athlete monitoring and display system that can be used to monitor and display athlete characteristics, such as positional and physiological characteristics of one or more athletes, and possibly the positional characteristics of one or more other objects having a tag device (for example, a ball) during a sporting competition.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of tag devices 10, one or more of which may be associated with one of a number of athletes (for example, basketball players), or other object (for example, a basketball), to be monitored in a monitored environment 12 (for example a basketball stadium) during competition (for example, a basketball game).
  • reference to the term 'monitored environment' is to be understood to be reference to a facility, such as a sporting facility, and may be an enclosed facility or an open facility.
  • a facility such as a sporting facility
  • the invention may equally be used to monitor the athletes, and the other objects, during non-competitive events (for example, during training and/or practice sessions).
  • At least three wideband receivers 14, located contiguous to the monitored environment, are able to receive tag device signals and process a received signal to determine the TOA of a received signal and demodulate encoded data.
  • wideband receivers 14 may be used, the number being somewhat dependent on the nature and size of the monitored environment. Indeed, the more wideband receivers in place, the more accurate (and the less susceptible to interference) the system will be.
  • a central processing unit 16 is electrically coupled to each wideband receiver 14 ,via a communications link 18 and receives TOA and demodulated data from each of the wideband receivers 14.
  • the central processing unit 16 processes the TOA and demodulated data to provide athlete characteristics.
  • a data server 20 stores the athlete characteristics, in the form of digital data, wherefrom analysts stations 22, a media server 24 or a Web server 26, or a combination thereof, are able to retrieve and/or enable the display of graphical representations of the digital data, either on a local or remote display device (for example, via an Internet connected device).
  • each tag device 10 includes a controller 30, an up- converter 32, a digitally controlled oscillator 34, a channel number generator 36 (which in the preferred embodiment of the invention is a pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) generator), a multi-channel analog to digital converter (ADC) 38, a local memory 40, a bandpass filter 41 , a RF amplifier 42, antenna 44, a battery (not shown) and a casing (not shown).
  • the tag device casing is flexible, enabling the tag device to be fitted to the body of an athlete.
  • the controller 30 may be a dedicated application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the controller 30 may be implemented using a single package, having a small physical size (for example, an ASIC).
  • the controller 30 may be implemented using a digital computer, or a programmable gate array, together with peripheral components (for example, program memory) and associated program instructions, preferably in the form of a compiled software program.
  • the ADC 38 is able to interface to a plurality of transducers (not shown) some, or all of which, are able to be coupled to an athlete to enable the monitoring of physiological characteristics (for example, heart rate).
  • the transducers may be mounted within the tag device casing.
  • the tag device 10 may be able to interface to a variety of transducer types. Hence, the selection of a particular transducer, or set of transducers, may be based on the demands of the particular sport in which a monitored athlete is competing, or for the purposes of monitoring a specific physiological parameter, or some other consideration. In one example, when a monitored athlete is competing in an endurance sport (for example, a long distance track event) the system may be configured to monitor pulse rate, respiratory rate and possibly other parameters.
  • each of these components has a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz and an operating frequency of approximately 2.400 GHz to 2.463 GHz.
  • components having a lower bandwidth may be used. Indeed, the applicant envisages that components having a bandwidth of 25 MHz may be used. Similarly, other operating frequencies may be used.
  • each tag device 10 periodically and autonomously transmits a binary modulated FH-SS signal at a notional PRF of 100 Hz and with a duty cycle of approximately 1 :10.
  • the controller 30 uses a high speed switching device (for example, a PIN diode) to switch a 400 MHz signal (herein referred to as the 'bandpass signal') 'on' and 'off' at the notional PRF, whereby each switching operation (that is, switching the bandpass signal 'on' and 'off') provides a short burst 400 MHz signal having a very fast leading edge.
  • a high speed switching device for example, a PIN diode
  • the controller 30 may modulate the switched bandpass signal using a binary modulation scheme (for example, on-off keying (OOK) or binary phase shift keying (BPSK)) and a binary modulating signal, to provide a modulated signal.
  • a binary modulation scheme for example, on-off keying (OOK) or binary phase shift keying (BPSK)
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • the binary modulating signal will be constructed by controller 30 and may include tag device identification data, in the form of a multi-bit digital word, which has been retrieved from local memory 40 (for example, an EPROM or FLASH memory) and digital data which has been read from the ADC 38.
  • the controller 30 may construct the modulating signal in the form of a time division multiplexed (TDM) frame which includes sampled DAC values and a tag device identifier digital word and possibly other data, in the form of interleaved multi-bit digital code words.
  • TDM time division multiplexed
  • the modulated signal is up-converted by the up-converter 32 to an up- conversion band which is dependent upon a signal (herein referred to as the carrier signal) generated by the digitally controlled oscillator 34.
  • the PRBS generator 36 preferably provides a code sequence, having a fixed sequence length, which is input into the digitally controlled oscillator 34 synchronously with a timing signal from the controller 30 which is itself synchronous to the switching 'on' of the bandpass signal.
  • a signal used to enable the switching of the bandpass signal may be used as the timing signal for the PRBS generator 36.
  • the digitally controlled oscillator 34 In response to a particular code from the PRBS generator 36, the digitally controlled oscillator 34 provides a carrier signal, having a particular frequency, wherein the particular frequency has a dependency on the particular code input to the digitally controlled oscillator 34.
  • a receiver includes an antenna 46 for sensing tag device signals, a RF amplifier 48, a bandpass filter 50, a multi-stage down-converter 52 (which for the purposes this description will be represented as a mixer 54 and a frequency stable local oscillator (LO) 56), an analog to digital converter (ADC) 58 and a digital pulse processor (DPP) 60.
  • a multi-stage down-converter 52 which for the purposes this description will be represented as a mixer 54 and a frequency stable local oscillator (LO) 56
  • ADC analog to digital converter
  • DPP digital pulse processor
  • the antenna 46 for sensing tag device signals has a gain pattern which is optimised to provide near constant gain over the monitored environment 12.
  • a receiver 14 is provided with the capability to attenuate signals which are outside the field of view of the antenna 28.
  • each of these components has a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz and an operating frequency of approximately 2.400 GHz to 2.463 GHz.
  • the ADC 58 is a 12 bit, 200 Mbps analog to digital converter with an input bandwidth greater than 400 MHz, preferably 500 MHz.
  • a tag device signal received by a receiver 14 is amplified using the RF amplifier 48 and filtered using the band pass filter 50 to attenuate signals outside the desired band.
  • the multi-stage down converter 52 down-converts filtered signals to an Intermediate Frequency (IF).
  • IF Intermediate Frequency
  • all tag device signals received by a receiver 14 are able to be down-converted to an IF signal using a local oscillator 56 having a fixed frequency.
  • the tag device signal is not 'despread' by the receiver using spread spectrum correlation techniques. Instead, all signals within the desired frequency band are down-converted to a different IF using the same LO frequency.
  • IF signals are digitised by the ADC to provide a multi-bit digital representation of the IF signal for processing by the DPP 60.
  • the DPP 60 may be a digital computer with appropriate digital pulse processing algorithms, which provides the requisite functionality of a pulse envelope detector 62, a data demodulator 64 and a TOA detector 66 (refer to Figure 4).
  • the pulse envelope detector 62 Responsive to the digitisation of an IF signal, the pulse envelope detector 62 provides in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) multi-bit digital output signals which are able to be utilised by the pulse envelope detector 62 to provide an output signal (herein referred to as the video signal) which is proportional to the envelope of the IF signal using a square law envelope detection process.
  • I in-phase
  • Q quadrature
  • the TOA detector 66 attenuates the video signal using a 3dB attenuation function 68 and compares, using a comparator function 70, the attenuated signal to the magnitude of a version of the video signal which has been delayed using a delay function 72 having a predetermined delay.
  • the predetermined delay will be selected to avoid any overshoot and ringing which may be associated with the leading edge of the video signal and be greater than the maximum rise time, but less than the minimum pulse width, of a short burst.
  • the comparator function 70 In response to detecting that the amplitude of the delayed signal has 'crossed' the amplitude of the attenuated signal, the comparator function 70 provides a trigger signal which coincides with the 3dB point of the leading edge of the video signal.
  • the trigger signal may be used to sample the count on a free running high precision counter 74, which is synchronised with a master clock provided by the central processing unit 16 and which is interpreted as the TOA of the received signal.
  • a relative offset between the free running high precision counter 74 provided with each receiver 14 and the master clock 75 is determined as a part of a system calibration process which may involve positioning tag devices 10 at known locations in the monitored environment, receiving tag device signals from the positioned tag devices, and comparing the count of the master clock 75 and the free running high precision counter 74.
  • this technique provides the present invention with the capability to precisely determine the TOA of a received signal with respect to a common reference point on the leading edge of a received signal (that is, the 3dB point), irrespective of the amplitude of the received signal. Hence, the precision of the TOA detection process is retained for signals of varying amplitudes.
  • the digitised IF signal is demodulated using the data demodulator function 64 to decode any data which may have been modulated onto the received signal.
  • the data demodulator reconstructs the modulating signal used to encode the tag device signal, thus recovering the binary data.
  • the DPP 60 formats both the TOA data and the demodulated data into a format (herein referred to as the tag device data) suitable for transmission to the centralised processing unit 16 using a communications controller device 73.
  • the central processing unit 16 includes a router 76, one or more digital signal processors (DSP) 78 and a master clock 79.
  • the router 76 is electrically coupled to the at least three receivers 14 via a communications link 18 and is able to receive tag device data from each receiver 14 for the one or more tag devices 10.
  • the communication link may be a high speed fibre optic or broad band RF link.
  • the master clock 75 is electrically coupled to the at least three receivers 14 to provide a reference clock signal which is used by the receivers 14 to clock the high precision counters 74.
  • the router 76 Responsive to the receipt of tag device data, the router 76 is able to sort the tag device data according to the tag device identifier and the TOA data. Where tag device data received from a particular receiver includes a tag device identifier, the router 76 'bins' (that is, groups) the tag device data with tag device data received from other receivers for the same tag device 10. In this respect, reference to the term 'bins' is to be understood to be reference to grouping tag device data according to the particular tag device and the TOA data.
  • the router 76 may be able to allocate the corrupted signal to an appropriate bin on the basis of the TOA using a 'temporal window'. That is, if the TOA of the corrupted signal occurs within a 'temporal window' which includes TOA data from an identified tag device, whereby the corrupted signal TOA is separated from TOA data for other identified tag devices by an interval which exceeds a particular threshold, then the router 76 may bin the corrupted TOA data with the identified tag device data.
  • the particular threshold may be the maximum propagation time for a tag device signal to traverse the monitored environment to a particular receiver 14.
  • the tag device data bins are then communicated to a particular DSP 78, wherein a particular DSP 78 is assigned to a specific tag device identifier or set of tag device identifiers.
  • a particular DSP 78 is assigned to a specific tag device identifier or set of tag device identifiers.
  • multiple DSPs 78 whereby the multiple DSPs are configured in a modular arrangement which is scalable to suit the number of athletes being monitored.
  • a DSP 78 Upon receipt of the binned tag device data, a DSP 78 calculates differential time of arrival (DTOA) data for each pair of receivers 14.
  • DTOA data for a particular tag device 10 may be calculated using a statistical function whereby a predetermined number of consecutively received tag device DTOA data (that is, a sample size n) are averaged to establish a mean DTOA.
  • a predetermined number of consecutively received tag device DTOA data that is, a sample size n
  • the DTOA for a particular tag device may be provided with an improvement in accuracy which is proportional to vn .
  • the position of an athlete may be calculated as being on the surface of a hyperboloid.
  • the spatial position of an athlete may be calculated as the intersection of two hyperboloids.
  • the ability of a system of the present invention to calculate the spatial position of an athlete in two or three dimensions is somewhat dependant upon the positioning of the antennas 46 within the monitored environment 12.
  • the antennas 46 may be positioned in the same horizontal plane.
  • the solution of the hyperboloids is able to provide a two dimensional estimate of the spatial position of an athlete's location, based upon an assumption that the athlete is competing 'on the surface' of a playing field within the monitored environment 12.
  • the antennas 46 may be displaced from one another vertically.
  • the spatial location of an athlete may be determined in three dimensions.
  • the DSP 78 communicates tag device position data, together with associated physiological and tag device identifier data to the data server 20.
  • the data server 20 maintains and stores one or more athlete characteristics in the form of a chronological log of athlete positional characteristics (derived from the tag device position data) and a data log of physiological characteristics (derived from data recorded by tag device transducers) during the course of competition.
  • the data server 20 may be a programmed computer which includes an open architecture database application which enables stored data pertaining to the one or more athlete characteristics to be analysed, sorted, filtered and viewed in accordance with user instructions (for example, an operator of an analyst station).
  • the database server may include a multi-processor computer (for example, a Sun Microsystems Sun Fire mid-frame server) programmed with Oracle application software.
  • the data server 20 may enable the construction of a web style client/server interface and graphical user interface (GUI) for the analyst stations 22.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the data server 20 is able to update the database in real time, and provide processed information to one or more display devices.
  • the data server 20 may also provide athlete characteristics data via a HTML server 26 to web browsers on the Internet or Intranet. Furthermore, the data server may also provide the athlete characteristics data to a media server 24 which preferably enables the information to be converted into industry standard protocols required for television or radio broadcast.
  • the analyst stations 22 are electrically coupled to the data server via an industry standard interface (for example, IEEE 802.3u) and operable by an operator to provide an operator with the capability to retrieve and display selected characteristics for one or more selected athletes in real time, or to replay characteristics of one or more athletes which were recorded during a particular interval (for example, display the track of an athlete used to evade an opponent's tackle).
  • an industry standard interface for example, IEEE 802.3u
  • FIG. 6 there is illustrated an example of a GUI that may be suitable for use in a preferred embodiment of an analyst station 22 for the display of one or more athlete characteristics during, or following, a basketball game.
  • the GUI preferably includes multiple 'panes', namely a 'video in a window' and game status pane 80, an athlete selection pane 82, a physiological characteristics display pane 84 and a position display pane 86.
  • the GUI may also include a menu toolbar 88 which provides an operator with display controls.
  • the media server 24 may be a Silicon Graphics Incorporated (SGI) visual workstation (for example, a SGI Octane) programmed with customised computer software.
  • SGI Silicon Graphics Incorporated
  • the media server 24 may provide an integrated computing platform for serving video, audio and data, based on open video I/O, data networking I/O and storage technology.

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  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de surveillance et d'affichage des caractéristiques d'au moins un athlète, ledit système comprenant une pluralité de dispositifs d'étiquettes. Au moins une étiquette se trouve sur chaque athlète et peut transmettre périodiquement un signal du dispositif d'étiquettes sous la forme d'un signal de fréquence radio de large spectre à sauts de fréquence, de courte rafale. Au moins trois récepteurs à large bande disposés séparément peuvent recevoir un signal du dispositif d'étiquettes et traiter ledit signal, de manière à engendrer des données représentatives du temps d'arrivée dudit signal au niveau du récepteur. Un dispositif de traitement centralisé reçoit et traite le temps des données d'arrivée provenant de chaque récepteur afin de déterminer l'emplacement des dispositifs d'étiquettes, au moyen des différences du temps des données d'arrivée provenant de chaque récepteur. Les positions déterminées par le dispositif de traitement centralisé sont stockées sur un serveur de données et peuvent être extraites et traitées, en vue de permettre une représentation graphique d'au moins une caractéristique d'un athlète sélectionné à afficher.
PCT/AU2002/000760 2001-06-12 2002-06-12 Systeme et procede de surveillance et d'affichage de caracteristiques d'athletes WO2002101408A1 (fr)

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AUPR5585A AUPR558501A0 (en) 2001-06-12 2001-06-12 System and method for monitoring and displaying athlete char acteristics
AUPR5585 2001-06-12

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US11471062B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2022-10-18 Nike, Inc. Adaptive watch
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US7750841B2 (en) 2003-11-03 2010-07-06 Cambridge Consultants Limited Determining positional information
US11676697B2 (en) 2006-09-07 2023-06-13 Nike, Inc. Athletic performance sensing and/or tracking systems and methods
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US20110043338A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2011-02-24 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Wireless ic device system and method of determining authenticity of wireless ic device
US11783637B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2023-10-10 Nike, Inc. Monitoring fitness using a mobile device
US11783638B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2023-10-10 Nike, Inc. Monitoring fitness using a mobile device
US11600114B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2023-03-07 Nike, Inc. Monitoring fitness using a mobile device
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US11735308B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2023-08-22 Nike, Inc. Wearable device assembly having athletic functionality and milestone tracking
US11495341B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2022-11-08 Nike, Inc. Wearable device assembly having athletic functionality and milestone tracking
US11798673B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2023-10-24 Nike, Inc. Wearable device assembly having athletic functionality and milestone tracking
US11749395B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2023-09-05 Nike, Inc. Wearable device assembly having athletic functionality and milestone tracking
US12062424B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2024-08-13 Nike, Inc. Wearable device assembly having athletic functionality
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US11953601B2 (en) * 2016-12-30 2024-04-09 Seyond, Inc. Multiwavelength lidar design
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US11927696B2 (en) 2018-02-21 2024-03-12 Innovusion, Inc. LiDAR systems with fiber optic coupling
US12085673B2 (en) 2018-02-23 2024-09-10 Seyond, Inc. Distributed LiDAR systems
US12032100B2 (en) 2018-03-09 2024-07-09 Seyond, Inc. Lidar safety systems and methods
US11567182B2 (en) 2018-03-09 2023-01-31 Innovusion, Inc. LiDAR safety systems and methods
US11569632B2 (en) 2018-04-09 2023-01-31 Innovusion, Inc. Lidar systems and methods for exercising precise control of a fiber laser
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