WO2002100627A1 - Procede d'application automatique d'au moins une bande thermoplastique sur un plateau d'outil et elements constitutifs ainsi obtenus - Google Patents

Procede d'application automatique d'au moins une bande thermoplastique sur un plateau d'outil et elements constitutifs ainsi obtenus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002100627A1
WO2002100627A1 PCT/DE2002/002117 DE0202117W WO02100627A1 WO 2002100627 A1 WO2002100627 A1 WO 2002100627A1 DE 0202117 W DE0202117 W DE 0202117W WO 02100627 A1 WO02100627 A1 WO 02100627A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic
tool
tool platform
tape
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/002117
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochen Korn
Guido Beresheim
Jens Lichtner
Original Assignee
Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh filed Critical Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh
Publication of WO2002100627A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002100627A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/386—Automated tape laying [ATL]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/0067—Using separating agents during or after moulding; Applying separating agents on preforms or articles, e.g. to prevent sticking to each other
    • B29C37/0075—Using separating agents during or after moulding; Applying separating agents on preforms or articles, e.g. to prevent sticking to each other using release sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for automatically depositing at least one thermoplastic tape on a tool platform according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Heavy-duty, continuously fiber-reinforced plastic components with stress-oriented fiber orientation and positioning can be produced by laying down pre-impregnated continuous fiber strands. Pre-impregnation takes place in thermosetting plastic systems by passing the fiber bundles through an immersion bath of the not yet hardened plastic system.
  • fiber-reinforced plastic tapes are often used, which have already been impregnated and consolidated in a separate, upstream process. These thermoplastic plastic tapes are heated to temperatures above the melting or softening range of the thermoplastic immediately before being deposited and are adapted and consolidated by means of a pressure roller at the deposit point of the component's geometry. The geometry of the component is predetermined by a flat or curved structure on which it is placed. This Highly automated processes are referred to as "tape laying" or “tape / tow placement” or "fiber placement”.
  • No. 3,775,219 A describes a laying head with which a pre-impregnated tape is automatically pulled off a roll, a release film is removed from the tape and the tape is then placed on the tool. Details of the laying head are described, which essentially aim at the exact positioning of the tape when it is placed on the tool while maintaining a defined angular position.
  • head technology e.g. US 5 698 066 A
  • machine details e.g. US 5 223 072 A or US 5 239 457 A
  • entire plant concepts e.g. US 5 022 952 A or US 4 907 754 A
  • thermoplastic-based systems The special questions in the processing of thermoplastic-based systems are dealt with by the description of heating systems.
  • EP 0 491 355 A1 discloses solutions here for heating the thermoplastic tape to the necessary temperature above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic to be processed.
  • thermoplastic systems are consolidated immediately when they are put down, ie they are solidified together under pressure.
  • the deposited thermoplastic tape will joined with the material previously stored.
  • the resulting liability makes it possible to lay geometries of any complexity.
  • the placement of the ribbons based on the subsequent loading of the component, even outside of geographic paths, allows a high degree of utilization of the material potential. It is possible to place the thermoplastic tapes in convex and concave tracks.
  • thermoplastic tapes For the continuous process, a first layer of thermoplastic tapes must first be applied.
  • the first layer problem thus consists of the reversible connection of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic tapes on a contoured tool surface, provided that the finished component can in turn be removed from the tool surface without any problems. For this reason, solutions are ruled out that adversely affect the material properties and the surface of the component through chemical processes, contamination, damage, etc., such as the application of adhesives, adhesive tapes, etc.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, in which an automated production of load-optimized composite molded parts, which are constructed from thermoplastic tapes, is ensured.
  • the process should be able to be carried out by a fully automated process using the tape laying process on a tool platform.
  • the dependent claims represent advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention.
  • the temperature of the tool surface (T We rk.) In the range of the crystallization temperature (T Kr i s .) Of the thermoplastic used ensures that the deposited thermoplastic tape adheres to the tool surface.
  • the crystallization temperature represents the characteristic size of the thermoplastic used, which describes the phase transition that occurs when the material cools from the liquid, disordered state to the solid state characterized by a short-range order of the molecules and, for example, by means of a calorimetric analysis at a cooling rate of 10 ° C / min can be determined.
  • the range around the crystallization temperature in which the adhesion of the thermoplastic tape to the tool surface is achieved is limited according to the invention by an upper value which is at most 40 ° C. above the crystallization temperature and a lower value which is at most 50 ° C. below the crystallization temperature ,
  • the upper limit according to the invention for the tool temperature (T Werk .) Is reduced to the value of the onset temperature the phase transition from solid to liquid, as can be determined by means of a calorimetric examination at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min.
  • the adherence of the deposited thermoplastic tapes to the tool surface can be reduced by reducing the tool surface temperature in such a way that the deposited thermoplastic tapes or the manufactured component can be easily detached.
  • easy detachment means separating the tool or tool platform and the component, if appropriate also with the aid of mechanical aids, for example, without damaging the component surface.
  • the resulting component surface is retained as an image of the tool surface.
  • Adhesion is lower the lower the set tool surface temperature is.
  • cooling to a temperature level T Maschinen . ⁇ Tu r i s. - 50 ° C is already sufficient to separate the component from the tool surface. Cooling to lower temperatures is preferred. Cooling to ambient temperature is particularly preferred.
  • the process can be accelerated by active cooling. Active cooling can also advantageously be used, which permits temperature control below the ambient temperature.
  • thermoplastic tapes used expediently consist of a pure thermoplastic material or are modified by fillers and reinforcing materials such as are used in the plastics industry according to the prior art.
  • All known thermoplastics can be used, both standard thermoplastics such as poly ethylene and polypropylene, as well as engineering thermoplastics, such as polyamides, polyterephthalates, as well as high-performance thermoplastics, such as polyether ether ketones.
  • fibrous reinforcing materials such as glass, carbon or aramid fibers
  • these fibers are in a continuous, quasi-endless form. Fiber surface modifications according to the prior art, for example to improve the connection of the fibers to the matrix, are possible.
  • the fibers are preferably connected to the thermoplastic material in an upstream process.
  • the fibers are advantageously impregnated with the thermoplastic initially only partially. This partial impregnation is completed during the deposition process, so that the thermoplastic tape placed on the tool surface is completely impregnated.
  • the fibers are completely impregnated with the thermoplastic material in an upstream process.
  • thermoplastic tapes The temperature of the thermoplastic tapes is expediently carried out immediately before being placed on the tool surface. So that the necessary energy for reaching a temperature above the melting or softening range can be introduced, methods known in the art, such as infrared beam, laser beam or flame heating, are used.
  • the thermoplastic tapes are preferably tempered in advance. In order to achieve constant processing conditions, the thermoplastic tapes can be cooled or heated.
  • the surface quality of the tool used for depositing depends on the quality requirement of the component to be manufactured.
  • the resulting component surface quality can be set via the tool surface quality.
  • the tool surface can be treated untreated or by means of mechanical, physical or chemical methods according to the prior art. Coatings of the tool surface are possible according to the state of the art.
  • a release agent is preferably used to improve the detachability of the finished component. Release agents are used in molding processes in connection with a tool to prevent the material to be molded from adhering to the tool surface.
  • the tool platform for storing the thermoplastic tapes expediently consists of metal, ceramic, plastic or any combination of these materials.
  • all methods known in the art such as heating cables, heating elements, radiant heaters or oil heating, can be used. It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and still to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations. The scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims.
  • the examples described below are intended to illustrate the mode of operation of the invention.
  • a flat, 15 mm thick aluminum plate was used as the tool platform.
  • the heating elements were controlled and the temperature measured using a control PC connected via a fieldbus.
  • the material used for the tests was a glass-reinforced polypropylene tape (GF / PP tape) with a width of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the fiber volume content in this tape was 50%.
  • the calorimetric analysis of the polypropylene used showed a melting temperature of 163.8 ° C, an onset temperature for the phase transition from solid to liquid of 158 ° C and a recrystallization temperature of 126.9 ° C.
  • a hand-held temperature measuring device, a pressure roller, pliers and a high-temperature release agent were also used.
  • the mold platform was coated several times with the release agent and allowed to burn in.
  • the tool platform was heated to 170 ° C and several GF / PP tapes rolled up so that a free end of the tape protruded beyond the edge of the tool platform.
  • the tapes were molten due to the temperature. This allowed them to wet the tool surface zen and cling.
  • the tool platform was gradually cooled. At each temperature level, an attempt was made to pull a tape off the tool surface. This was done with the aid of the pliers, which were used to attach and pull at the protruding ends of the tapes. Care was taken to ensure that there was only stress on shear and not on peeling. It was assessed whether the tape could be removed easily or whether there was noticeable resistance. In addition, the side of the removed tape facing the tool was examined for damage to the surface. The table below summarizes the results:
  • the tool platform was coated with release agent and heated to 120 ° C. With a self-developed tape laying head attached to an articulated arm robot, a multi-layer was used using an oxygen-hydrogen flame. Laminate made with the laying direction turned from position to position. The first layer of laminate was placed directly on the tool platform. No signs of peeling were observed during the entire laying process. After removing the last layer of laminate, the temperature control of the tool platform was switched off. After the structure had cooled to room temperature, the deposited laminate could be removed from the tool platform without any additional aids. The side facing the tool showed no damage.
  • the examples demonstrate the mode of operation of the invention.
  • the upper temperature range is limited by the softening characteristics of the thermoplastic, see example 1. Good adhesion is achieved in the temperature range claimed for the adhesion, see examples 2 to 5. If the tape is removed from the tool in this temperature range, this is only possible if the surface of the removed tape is clearly damaged. If the temperature of the tool is below the stressed area, the adhesion is reduced in such a way that the necessary hold for the tape laying process is no longer guaranteed, see Examples 6 and 7. The undamaged detachment of the manufactured component from the tool platform is achieved with a significant cooling below the stressed area Temperature range possible. In example 7, this is possible with the application of low forces.
  • Example 8 shows the possibility that the component can be removed from the tool without mechanical stress.
  • Example 9 shows that the claimed method is suitable for transferring the forces acting in the tape laying process to the tool platform. wear without the additional fixation of the component to be created being necessary. After the tape process has ended, the created component can be lifted off the tool platform without any mechanical stress and the surface facing the tool represents an image of the tool geometry.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Lors de l'application de bandes thermoplastiques, l'adhérence entre la surface de l'outil et du matériau est insuffisante. L'application d'une première couche supérieure est essentielle pour produire un élément constitutif selon le procédé d'application de bandes thermoplastiques. Des phénomènes de décollage qui interviennent pendant le processus d'application évitent de continuer à appliquer d'autres bandes thermoplastiques sur la première couche et par conséquent de produire des éléments constitutifs présentant notamment des contours concaves. Le tempérage d'un plateau d'outil entre 50 °C et moins de 40 °C, au-delà de la température de cristallisation du thermoplaste de la bande thermoplastique permet d'obtenir une adhérence de la bande thermoplastique déposée. Cette adhérence diminue lors d'un processus de refroidissement du plateau d'outil et permet à l'élément constitutif d'être décollé aisément de la bande thermoplastique déposée.
PCT/DE2002/002117 2001-06-11 2002-06-11 Procede d'application automatique d'au moins une bande thermoplastique sur un plateau d'outil et elements constitutifs ainsi obtenus WO2002100627A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2001129514 DE10129514B4 (de) 2001-06-11 2001-06-11 Verfahren zur Anhaftung von Thermoplastbändchen auf einer Werkzeugplattform
DE10129514.6 2001-06-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002100627A1 true WO2002100627A1 (fr) 2002-12-19

Family

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PCT/DE2002/002117 WO2002100627A1 (fr) 2001-06-11 2002-06-11 Procede d'application automatique d'au moins une bande thermoplastique sur un plateau d'outil et elements constitutifs ainsi obtenus

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE10129514B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002100627A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009017112A1 (de) 2009-04-15 2010-10-21 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kunststoff enthaltenden Bauteilen sowie zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung
DE102011056637B4 (de) 2011-12-19 2016-09-08 Institut Für Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh Verfahren zur Fertigung eines Kunststoffbauteils
DE102015116302A1 (de) 2015-09-25 2017-03-30 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Niederhalter, Effektor und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Lagenaufbaus aus flächigen thermoplastischen Faser-Matrix-Halbzeug-Lagen
DE102017215153B4 (de) 2017-08-30 2021-08-26 M & A - Dieterle GmbH Maschinen- und Apparatebau Handführungsvorrichtung
AT523520B1 (de) 2020-07-24 2021-09-15 Engel Austria Gmbh Formgebungsanlage zum Herstellen von insbesondere faserverstärkten Formgebungsteilen
FR3133785A1 (fr) * 2022-03-22 2023-09-29 Safran Procédé amélioré de fabrication d’une peau pour moteur aéronautique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0491355A1 (fr) * 1990-12-19 1992-06-24 Hercules Incorporated Système pour l'application, le compactage et le préchauffage de fibres
FR2721250A1 (fr) * 1994-06-18 1995-12-22 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Procédé et dispositif pour peler une feuille d'un substrat collant.
US5587041A (en) * 1995-03-21 1996-12-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Composite prepreg application device
WO2000072643A1 (fr) * 1999-05-26 2000-11-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Fabrication de preimpregnes lamines unidirectionnellement par procedes de coulage en bande et leurs equipements

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775219A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-11-27 Goldsworthy Eng Inc Composite-tape placement head
DE10012378C2 (de) * 2000-03-09 2001-11-22 Inst Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh Verfahren zur Anhaftung von faserverstärkten Thermoplastbändern auf einer Werkzeugplattform

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0491355A1 (fr) * 1990-12-19 1992-06-24 Hercules Incorporated Système pour l'application, le compactage et le préchauffage de fibres
FR2721250A1 (fr) * 1994-06-18 1995-12-22 Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt Procédé et dispositif pour peler une feuille d'un substrat collant.
US5587041A (en) * 1995-03-21 1996-12-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Composite prepreg application device
WO2000072643A1 (fr) * 1999-05-26 2000-11-30 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Fabrication de preimpregnes lamines unidirectionnellement par procedes de coulage en bande et leurs equipements

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Publication number Publication date
DE10129514B4 (de) 2007-04-19
DE10129514A1 (de) 2002-12-19

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