WO2002100563A1

WO2002100563A1 - Method and apparatus for decomposing material containing organic substance

Info

Publication number: WO2002100563A1
Application number: PCT/JP2002/005248
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hiroshi Suzuki
Original assignee: Hiroshi Suzuki
Priority date: 2001-06-08
Filing date: 2002-05-29
Publication date: 2002-12-19

Abstract

A method for decomposing a material containing an organic substance as a waste which comprises incorporating the material containing an organic substance such into a molten metal (10) such as lead or aluminum to thereby decompose the material. The method allows the decomposition treatment of a material containing an organic substance at a high temperature with high energy efficiency with reduced generation of carbon dioxide. The treating vessel (3) for the decomposition is sealed and maintained in a state free of oxygen, which leads to no generation of a hazardous substance such as dioxin. A noble metal such as gold or platinum, carbon, chlorine and the like contained in a waste or the like are separated over and under the molten metal (10) or vaporized and are recovered in forms facilitating the reuse thereof.

Description

Specification

Organic matter-containing matter decomposition method and organic matter-containing matter decomposition apparatus

The method for decomposing an organic substance-containing substance and the apparatus for decomposing an organic substance-containing substance according to the present invention relate to the decomposition treatment of an organic substance or a composite of an organic substance and a metal or an inorganic substance. In particular, it relates to facilities for treating domestic and industrial wastes containing organic matter such as wood, paper, and plastic. Background art

In modern society, the generation of waste from living and industrial activities is inevitable. The amount of waste is increasing with the sophistication of life and the scale of industry. These wastes are usually collected at incinerators in various locations and incinerated to landfill.

Most of the waste is organic. Furthermore, the treatment of waste plastics containing chlorine among organic substances is problematic. Many plastics take a long time to completely disassemble and are not suitable for landfill. In case of burning-There are problems of damage to the incinerator due to high temperature corrosion and generation of harmful substances such as dioxin. Separate collection is performed for waste collection by local governments, but sorting is a burden on its own. In addition, used electronic devices use plastics and other materials in combination, so it is not possible to completely separate plastics alone, and even if it is separated, the plastics must be treated by some means. What has to be done remains the same.

In recent years, methods for treating plastics without pollution have been proposed in, for example, published patent publications such as Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-2004 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-86867. ing. However, these technologies also incinerate or steam the waste. In particular, the steaming method is effective in terms of no pollution, but it is inefficient and consumes a large amount of fuel. Although a large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted, whether incinerated or steamed, the amount of carbon dioxide generated should be reduced from the viewpoint of preventing global warming.

Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-124,477 discloses a technique in which waste is brought into contact with heated crushed stone to burn it. A stone burning method for plastic waste used has been proposed to prevent the generation of dioxin, but still has its limitations in terms of energy efficiency.

Incineration, which is the mainstream of conventional waste treatment methods, has the problem of generating large amounts of carbon dioxide, and the generation of harmful dioxin is a problem. Furthermore, incineration produces only carbon dioxide and ash, and recycling as a resource cannot be expected. There is also a problem with the treatment of waste that contains unsorted plastics, metals, minerals, etc. On the other hand, steaming under anoxic conditions is advantageous in terms of preventing the generation of dioxins, but is not energy efficient, consumes large amounts of fuel, and generates carbon dioxide.

An object of the present invention is to solve these problems of the conventional waste treatment technology, to provide a method for decomposing an organic matter-containing substance, which is energy efficient, has low pollution, and can treat even a waste mixed with plastics, metals, and inorganic substances. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for decomposing a substance. Disclosure of the invention

In the method for decomposing an organic substance-containing substance according to the present invention, an organic substance or a composite of an organic substance and a metal or an inorganic substance is mixed into a molten metal to decompose ₍ It can separate and recover the charcoal generated by the decomposition, separate and recover the noble metal that has settled at the bottom of the molten lead, and can separate and recover the hydrogen compound generated as a gas as fuel. As the molten metal serving as a heat medium, molten lead or aluminum can also be used. The organic substance-containing substance may be mixed into the molten metal by a method in which the organic substance-containing substance is put into a metal basket and pushed into the molten metal together with the basket.

An apparatus for decomposing an organic matter-containing substance according to the present invention comprises a waste inlet, a metal melting tank, a heating device for heating the metal melting tank, and a waste mixing forcibly mixing the waste into the molten metal. Device. The organic matter-containing substance decomposing apparatus of the present invention further includes a charcoal separating apparatus for separating and recovering the coal floating on the molten metal, and a metal separating apparatus for separating and recovering the metal submerged at the bottom of the molten metal. be able to. In addition, the waste mixing device may be configured to put a metal basket containing organic matter into and out of the metal melting tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of an organic matter-containing substance decomposition apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the usage of the organic substance-containing substance decomposing method and the organic substance-containing substance decomposition apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a front view showing an example of an organic substance-containing substance mixing apparatus. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings ₍ FIG. 1 shows an example of an organic matter-containing substance decomposing apparatus of the present invention. Organic substance-containing substance decomposing apparatus 1 is used for charging organic substance-containing substances. It comprises an inlet 2 and a decomposition tank 3 for decomposing organic matter-containing substances.In the present invention, organic matter-containing substances include both organic matters only and composites of organic matters and metals and inorganic substances. In addition, it may be household waste, industrial waste, or other than waste. In the present embodiment, a description will be given mainly of waste disposal. The waste to be treated only needs to contain organic matter, and plastic containing chlorine such as polyvinyl chloride may be mixed. Further, a mixture of these organic substances and inorganic substances such as metals and ceramics may be used. The shape of the waste to be input is preferably processed into chips, but if the decomposition tank 3 is made large, waste that is not formed into chips can also be input. For example, used electronic devices such as used telephones and personal computers can be supplied as they are, or they can be roughly pulverized.

Decomposition tank 3 is a closed vessel whose capacity can be selected according to the required processing capacity. Here, 3 m long and 1.5 m wide are used. The material is desirably stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance, but iron may be used. The decomposition tank 3 is heated by the heating device 4. As the heating device 4, a heavy oil burner, a kerosene burner, a gas burner, an electric heater, or the like is used.

The decomposition tank 3 is a metal melting tank in which a metal such as lead, aluminum, zinc, tin, mercury, or the like as a heat medium is melted. Among these metals, lead is particularly suitable as a heat medium in terms of specific gravity, boiling point and cost, and aluminum may be suitable depending on the type of waste to be treated. Zinc may be used to facilitate recovery. As lead, besides using pure lead, lead in which copper or the like is partially alloyed may be used, and in the latter case, it will be used at a higher temperature.

An organic matter mixing device (waste mixing device) 5 is installed near the liquid level of the molten metal. This is a device for forcibly mixing the input waste into the molten metal. Here, a rotating plate with a key at the tip is used. A force S, or a screw-type conveyor may be used. Further, as a special example, as shown in FIG. 3, a metal basket 18 containing an organic substance can be taken in and out of the metal melting tank. For example, an irregular shaped waste X, which is a combination of carbon steel and rubber / plastic, such as a rubber caterpillar, is put into the car 18 with the car door 18a opened, and reciprocated by driving means (not shown). The moving rod 19 lowers the cage 18 to the position indicated by the solid line, and pushes the waste X together with the cage 18 into the molten metal 10.

A solid outlet 6 is provided slightly above the liquid level of the molten metal, and of the solids decomposed from waste, charcoal and light-weight metals are mechanically decomposed from the solid outlet 6. It is designed to be discharged out of tank 3. In addition, a pipe 8a is provided from the bottom of the decomposition tank 3, and metals such as gold and platinum having a higher specific gravity than the molten metal, which is the solvent _c , connected to the metal separation apparatus 7 are passed through the pipe 8a. It is carried to 7, where it is separated from the molten metal and discharged outside. In addition, a gas outlet 9 is provided at the upper part of the decomposition tank 3, and gases such as chlorine and hydrogen compounds generated from the waste are discharged to the outside of the decomposition tank 3. Another pipe 8 b is provided slightly below the liquid level of the molten metal, and is connected to the metal separator 7. Since metals having a low specific gravity, such as aluminum, zinc, and tin, float in the upper part in a molten state with the heat transfer metal, they are discharged from the pipe 8 to the outside of the treatment tank 3.

Next, a method for decomposing organic matter-containing substances using the organic matter-containing substance decomposer 1 in FIG. 1 will be described. The waste to be input may be processed into chips as described above, or may be the collected waste as it is. In addition, it is not always necessary to strictly separate waste, but if the main purpose is to collect and reuse the substances generated in the main decomposition process as described later. Pre-sorting waste that can be recovered especially Is also effective. The metal serving as the heat medium is put into the decomposition tank 3 and heated by the heating device 4 so that the metal serving as the heat medium is melted. When lead is selected as the heating medium, the temperature should be adjusted to 350 ° C to 450 ° C in consideration of its melting point and boiling point. (Note that this temperature can be changed by adding zinc, tin, aluminum, etc. to the lead.) Waste is injected into decomposition tank 3 from inlet 2. Here, in the case of the charging method in which the waste is dropped directly from the charging port 3, since the waste does not sink in the molten metal having a high specific gravity, the waste is mixed by the waste mixing device 5 provided near the liquid level. Mix into the molten metal by pushing it in. Here, waste is forcibly submerged by a rotating plate with a key at the tip. Three sets of rotating plates are provided to carry waste from near the inlet 2 to the solids outlet 9 on the opposite side.

The waste submerged in the molten metal is heated by the molten metal. The heating here is performed rapidly while contacting the high-temperature molten metal.The heat is effectively transferred to the waste, and compared to heating in a gas such as air as in the conventional waste treatment. Very high thermal efficiency. Most of the carbon content in waste is floated on the liquid surface as charcoal, and the rest is gaseous as hydrogen compounds. Chlorine contained in plastics is vaporized as chlorine gas. Among the metals in the waste, copper and the like with a lower specific gravity than the molten metal as the heat medium float on the liquid surface, while those with a higher specific gravity such as gold and platinum sink below the molten metal. In addition, inorganic substances such as ceramic and glass float on the liquid surface.

Metal, charcoal, and inorganic substances floating on the liquid surface are mechanically collected and discharged from the solid substance discharge port 6 to the outside of the decomposition tank 3. The metal having a large specific gravity sinking into the molten metal is carried to the metal separation device 7 through the pipe 8a together with the molten metal. Here, gold, platinum, etc. are separated and discharged to the outside, and the metal as the heat medium is recycled. Is returned to decomposition tank 3. On the other hand, gasified chlorine and hydrogen compounds are discharged from the gas discharge outlet 9 to the outside of the decomposition tank 3.

When lead is used as the heat medium, among the metals eluted from the waste, some such as noble metals, zinc, aluminum, and brass grow by alloying with lead, which is the heat medium. . In this case, the recovered alloy is separated by electrolysis and thermal separation, and lead is reused as a heating medium.

The waste is continuously charged, and the above processes are continuously performed to continue the decomposition of the waste.

Next, an example of a mode in which the organic substance-containing substance decomposition apparatus and the organic substance-containing substance decomposition method of the present embodiment are actually used in a waste treatment facility by adding peripheral devices of the organic substance-containing substance decomposition apparatus will be described. This will be described with reference to FIG.

The raw material yard 11 stores waste processed into chips. Therefore, many inorganic substances such as glass have been removed in advance. In this example, since the recovery and utilization of charcoal generated as a by-product is considered, it is advantageous to remove impurities that do not generate charcoal in advance. The chips in the raw material yard 1 1 are fed into the organic matter-containing substance decomposer 1 from the input port 2 by the input device, and are subjected to the decomposition process described above. Since the processing tank 3 of the organic substance-containing decomposition processing apparatus 1 which must be kept in an oxygen-free state, inlet 2, it must be able to put the chip while maintaining a treatment tank 3 sealed _(generated by the decomposition process These precious metals are valuable in their own right, and are valuable resources for industrial use.A lot of gold is used in electronic devices such as personal computers. However, according to the conventional treatment method, the recovery is costly and the reuse is not sufficiently performed.According to the organic matter-containing substance decomposition apparatus and the organic matter-containing substance decomposition method of the present invention, energy efficiency is high and manual labor is required. Since it can be used for the recovery of charcoal and other by-products as well, it will be realistic to reuse the recovered gold ₍ Tungsten, like gold and platinum, sinks to the bottom of the heat transfer metal and is thus recovered in the same way.

In addition, charcoal generated by decomposition can be recovered and reused. For example, it can be used in cement. Also, the electric wire coated with vinyl can be easily treated according to the organic substance-containing substance decomposing apparatus and the organic substance-containing substance decomposition method of the present invention, and copper can be recovered.

On the other hand, the generated gas is sent to the catalyst device 12. The generated gas is decomposed into chlorine and hydrogen compounds, and separated by the catalytic device 12. Chlorine is crystallized and reused as industrial raw material. The hydrogen compound is further sent to the distillation apparatus 13 and is mostly liquefied. The hydrogen compound liquid thus obtained can be used as a high quality fuel that generates more heat than kerosene. The hydrogen compound remaining as a gas is sucked by the suction device 14, and the hydrogen gas is sent to the fuel cell 15 and can be used as a power source. The last residual gas is sent to the residual gas purifier 16 for processing. In the residual gas purifying device 16, the residual gas is subjected to combustion at a high temperature or purified by a filter, for example, so as to be safe without harmful substances such as dioxin, and then discharged to the outside world.

In addition, silver contained in waste dissolves in lead when the heating medium is lead. Separate and recover lead from waste during the periodical maintenance of waste treatment equipment 1. Metals with low specific gravity, such as aluminum, zinc, and tin, which are alloyed with lead, are discharged out of the treatment tank 3 through the upper pipe 8b. The other gasified metals are recovered by the distillation apparatus 13.

As described above, in this mode of use, waste is efficiently and pollution-freely treated, and generated by-products such as coal, gold, and fuel are recovered and reused as resources. Heating device 4, waste mixing device 5, waste yard 11, catalyst device 12, distillation device 13, suction device 14, fuel cell 15 The residual gas purifier 16 is connected to the controller 17 and is controlled under appropriate conditions. Further, by storing the necessary operating conditions in the control device 17, it is possible to automate the method of decomposing organic matter-containing substances, thereby saving labor in waste disposal.

In this mode of use, an example was described in which charcoal, gold, fuel, etc., generated as by-products due to the decomposition of waste, were collected and then actively reused as resources. It is not necessary to use all of these by-products simultaneously. If it is intended to use only a part of these by-products, the present invention may be applied by selecting wastes that generate particularly large amounts of the by-products. If, for example, hydrogen compounds are not used as fuel, an embodiment in which the catalyst device 12 and the distillation device 13 are simplified, and only the generated gas is collected and entrusted to the subsequent processing steps. It is also possible to select.

Next, an example in which molten aluminum is used as a heat medium will be described. This is advantageous in that the decomposition rate of organic matter is high, and the entire apparatus is light in weight. In particular, it is suitable for treating waste that combines organic matter and aluminum. That is, since aluminum eluted when a composite of aluminum, glass, iron, and mercury is treated like a used fluorescent lamp is not alloyed, no post-treatment such as electrolysis is required. Most of the other metals have a higher specific gravity than aluminum, so they sink in the heat medium and are recovered from the bottom. Zinc, lead, tin, etc. are alloyed with aluminum. After recovery, they are separated by electrolysis and thermal separation. Since mercury vaporizes, it is collected as 复 and then cooled and collected.

When using lead, aluminum or the like as the heat medium, a pure material may be used, but a small amount of another metal may be used. For example, by mixing zinc, tin, aluminum, etc. with lead, Since the melting point, boiling point, specific gravity, and the like of the can be adjusted, the applicable range of the invention is widened. In addition, by using zinc as a heat medium, it is possible to easily recover copper contained in used motors, transformers, and the like. As described above, the embodiment of the present invention has been described by taking waste treatment as an example, but the application of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if pine cone is treated with the organic matter-containing substance treatment device according to the present invention instead of waste, pine cone-shaped coal is obtained. Other vegetable products (vegetables, etc.) can also be carbonized in the same _way.c Such products are used as decorations. According to the present invention, it can be obtained in a short time of less than one minute (often less than 10 seconds). Industrial applicability

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The method for decomposing an organic substance-containing substance and the apparatus for decomposing an organic substance-containing substance according to the present invention can be used for decomposition processing of an organic substance or a composite of an organic substance and an inorganic substance. In particular, it can be used to decompose waste including organic matter. Since the molten metal is used as a heat medium and is heated and decomposed while being brought into contact with the object to be treated, there is an effect that high energy efficiency can be realized. Therefore, it consumes less fuel. It also contributes to reducing the generation of carbon dioxide. In addition, it can be used as a treatment technology that can safely dispose of plastic-containing waste that is avoided by conventional waste treatment. There is also the advantage that no dioxin is generated during incineration. As a secondary effect, it also opens the way to reuse charcoal, gold, platinum, and other precious metals or chlorine and hydrogen compounds generated from the decomposition of waste as resources.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A method for decomposing organic matter-containing substances, which comprises mixing organic matter-containing substances into a molten metal to decompose them.

2. A method for decomposing organic matter-containing substances, which forcibly mixes organic matter-containing substances into molten metal to decompose it, and separates and collects the generated coal.

3. A method for decomposing organic substances, which comprises forcibly mixing organic substances into molten metal to decompose them, and separating and collecting the generated gas as fuel.

4. A method for decomposing an organic substance-containing substance, comprising forcibly mixing and decomposing an organic substance-containing substance containing a metal into a molten metal, and separating and collecting a noble metal settled at the bottom of the molten metal.

5. The method for decomposing an organic matter-containing substance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein molten lead is used as the molten metal.

6. The method for decomposing an organic matter-containing substance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a molten aluminum is used as the molten metal.

7. The method for decomposing an organic matter-containing material according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the organic matter-containing material is put into a metal basket and is pushed into a molten metal together with the basket.

8. Injection port of organic matter-containing material, metal melting tank, heating device for heating metal melting tank, and organic material-containing substance forcibly mixing organic matter-containing substance into molten metal in metal melting tank And an organic matter-containing substance decomposing device comprising the device.

9. The organic matter-containing substance decomposer according to claim 8, further comprising a charcoal separator for separating and recovering the coal floating on the molten metal.

10. The organic matter-containing substance decomposing device according to claim 8, further comprising a metal separating device that separates and collects the metal sunk at the bottom of the metal melting tank from the molten metal.

11. The organic matter-containing substance decomposing apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the organic matter-containing substance mixing device is configured to put a metal basket for containing the organic matter into and out of the metal melting tank. coffer.