WO2002097461A1 - Detection d'un champ electrique, magnetique ou electromagnetique - Google Patents

Detection d'un champ electrique, magnetique ou electromagnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002097461A1
WO2002097461A1 PCT/GB2001/002371 GB0102371W WO02097461A1 WO 2002097461 A1 WO2002097461 A1 WO 2002097461A1 GB 0102371 W GB0102371 W GB 0102371W WO 02097461 A1 WO02097461 A1 WO 02097461A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
ions
sensing
electrodes
opposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/002371
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alan Glyn Jones
Original Assignee
Alan Glyn Jones
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alan Glyn Jones filed Critical Alan Glyn Jones
Priority to PCT/GB2001/002371 priority Critical patent/WO2002097461A1/fr
Publication of WO2002097461A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002097461A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
    • G01R29/0878—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/0265—Measuring blood flow using electromagnetic means, e.g. electromagnetic flowmeter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensing method and, more particularly, to a method for sensing an electric field, a magnetic field (such as the magnetic field that will result from a flow of ions) or an electromagnetic field (including electromagnetic radiation in the form of light) .
  • a variety of bio-chemical processes result in a flow of ions from one part of a human or animal body to another.
  • ions are present within the glucose molecules flowing within a human or animal bloodstream.
  • a movement of ions also occurs as sodium and potassium ions pass through the myelin sheaths which encase axons within the human and animal nervous system.
  • a method for sensing an applied electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field comprising establishing, within the applied field, a flow of ions through a medium between at least two primary electrodes and measuring an electric field generated by the flow of ions, either in the direction of the flow, between the opposed primary electrodes, or transversely of the direction of flow, between at least two opposed secondary electrodes.
  • the medium comprises a polymerised gel having mobile ions and fixed ion groups, the fixed ion groups being oriented such that the mobile ions will flow between the opposed primary electrodes when those electrodes are connected to one another, thus establishing said flow of ions.
  • the gel is formed by polymerising at least one monomer, whilst subjecting the monomer to an electric or magnetic field, extending between the opposed primary electrodes .
  • the gel may be formed by polymerising bis- acrylamide or lisine with a fixed ion group such as amine, provided by triethylenemethyldiamine, or by polymerising glutamic acid with a fixed ion group such as amine, provided by an amino acid.
  • the orientation of the fixed ion groups of the polymer chains thus formed creates a potential difference between the opposed primary electrodes, such that the mobile ions will flow between the opposed primary electrodes when those electrodes are connected to one another, thus establishing said flow of ions.
  • the ions move through the gel, they will pass through aligned magnetic dipole moments formed by the molecules of the polymer chains, thus generating an electric field transversely of the direction of the ion flow, in a manner similar to the Hall effect.
  • the method may be used, for example, to sense light incident on the medium.
  • the method may also be used to sense an applied magnetic field resulting from a movement of ions in the proximity of the medium.
  • the electric field measured between the opposed secondary electrodes will vary according to the direction of movement of the external ions, the distance of those ions from the medium and the electromagnetic and electrical strength of the ions.
  • the method may be used to sense the magnetic field resulting from the movement of ions present in blood glucose to provide a measure of blood glucose content .
  • the method may also be used to sense nerve impulses within a human or animal body, by sensing the magnetic field resulting the movement of sodium and potassium ions through the myelin sheaths surrounding axons of the nervous system.
  • the sensing of the nerve impulses may be used, for example, to operate prosthetic devices, to identify disorders of the nervous system, to detect pre-cursor shock-waves prior to the occurrence of an epileptic fit or to amplify weak nerve impulses otherwise inadequate to stimulate muscle movement.
  • a device for sensing an applied electric magnetic or electromagnetic field comprising means for establishing a flow of ions through a medium between at least two opposed primary electrodes and means for measuring an electric field generated by the flow of ions, either in the direction of the flow, between the opposed primary electrodes, or transversely of the direction of flow, between at least two opposed secondary electrodes.
  • the medium comprises a polymerised gel having mobile ions and fixed ion groups, the fixed ion groups being oriented such that the mobile ions will flow between the opposed primary electrodes when those electrodes are connected to one another, thus establishing said flow of ions.
  • the device is arranged to sense the magnetic field resulting from the movement of ions present in blood glucose and to provide a measure of blood glucose content .
  • the device is arranged to sense nerve impulses within a human or animal body, by sensing the magnetic field resulting the movement of sodium and potassium ions through the myelin sheaths surrounding axons of the nervous system, for example, to operate prosthetic devices, to identify disorders of the nervous system, to detect pre-cursor shock-waves prior to the occurrence of an epileptic fit or to amplify weak nerve impulses otherwise inadequate to stimulate muscle movement .
  • the device may be arranged for either invasive or non-invasive sensing.
  • the device preferably comprises a sleeve or ring of sensors, for encircling a body part, each sensor comprising a respective medium through which a flow of ions is established between at least two opposed primary electrodes .
  • each sensor comprises at least two opposed secondary electrodes for measuring an electric field generated therebetween by the flow of ions, transversely of the direction of flow.
  • the outputs of the various sensors may be processed to derive a spacial "image" of a magnetic field or fields originating from within the boundary of the sleeve or ring.
  • the device is preferably formed from bio-compatible materials.
  • the device is arranged to sense light incident thereon.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view showing the polymer structure of a gel formed under the influence of a electric field
  • Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view showing the polymer structure of the same gel, were it to have been formed in the absence of an electric field;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a device in accordance with the present invention comprising a polymerised gel 2, having both fixed ion groups and mobile ions, and within which flow of ions has been established between an opposed pair of electrodes 4,6.
  • the polymer gel 2 is formed, in situ, by polymerising a material containing a monomer, whilst simultaneously applying an alternating or direct electric field to the polymerising material via the electrodes 4,6.
  • the orientation of the fixed ion groups of the polymer chains thus formed creates a potential difference between the opposed electrodes 4,6, so that the required ion flow is established by connecting together the two electrodes 4,6.
  • Figure 3 shows the effect on the polymer structure of the gel of carrying out polymerisation under the influence of an electric field, as compared with the structure, shown in Figure 4, that would result if the filed were absent.
  • extending between the electrodes 4,6, are a plurality of polymer chains 8 having backbones 10 tending towards a linear or stretched orientation with reticulated bridges 12 extending between the backbones.
  • the backbones 10 can be seen to have side-chains 14 including fixed ion groups, which are aligned substantially transversely of the spacing between the electrodes 4,6.
  • FIG 4 in which like elements are denoted by like reference numerals, it can be seen that the polymer backbones 10 and their associated side-chains 12 are instead somewhat more random in orientation.
  • polymerisable monomer suitable for forming the gel is an acrylamide or an acrylamide derivative, which may be cross-linked with a co-monomer such as a bisacrylamide (for example, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide) .
  • a bisacrylamide for example, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide
  • the polymerisation may be initiated by a free radical initiator.
  • a preferred free radical initiator includes a persulfate, such as, for example, ammonium persulfate.
  • a polymerisation controller such as tetramethyl ethylenediamine
  • TEMED TEMED
  • the initiator and/or the cross- linking co-monomer should be present in an amount more than that required to form a cross-linked copolymer so that there is an enhanced amount of mobile ionic groups. It is known that increasing the amount of initiation results in decreased average polymer chain length, increased gel turbidity and decreased elasticity.
  • the polymerisation reaction of acrylamides or the like is a vinyl addition polymerisation reaction, initiated by the free radical initiator just described.
  • the persulfate free radicals convert an acrylamide or acrylamide derivative to free radicals, which in turn react with inactivated monomers to begin and propagate the polymerisation chain reaction.
  • the elongated polymer chains are cross-linked by the cross-linking agent (typically N,N-methylene bisacrylamide) which is generally randomly distributed along the polymer chain, resulting in a reticulated polymer with substantially linear chains and links between the chains.
  • the cross-linking agent typically N,N-methylene bisacrylamide
  • Alternative polymerisable monomers may undergo polymerisation via a condensation reaction, an example being an amino acid, such as glutamic acid or the like; alternatively, at least one hydroxy functional fatty acid may be used, especially such an acid which can polymerise to a lipid-like polymer hydrogel .
  • Such polymers derived from aminoacids or hydroxy functional fatty acids can be substantially biocompatible, which means that the device according to the invention may be used in vivo .
  • the ion flow through the gel 2 will generate a substantially constant electric field between the electrodes 4,6.
  • the mobility of the ions within the gel will be affected, thereby increasing or decreasing the magnitude of the electric field between the electrodes 4,6.
  • a measurement of the electric field strength between the opposed electrodes 4,6 may thus be used to detect, and/or determine the characteristics (such as the direction and/or rate of flow) of, an external ion flow, as the mobility of the ions within the gel 2 will be affected by the magnetic field generated by the external ion flow.
  • the alternative embodiment shown in Figure 4 makes use of the fact that, as ions move through the polymerised gel 2, they will pass through aligned magnetic dipole moments formed by the molecules of the polymer chains 8. An electric field will therefore also be generated transversely of the direction of the ion flow, in a manner similar to the Hall effect, between two opposed secondary electrodes 16,18, a measurement of which may also be used to detect, and/or determine the characteristics of, an external ion flow.
  • the devices thus described provide a convenient and accurate means for sensing the magnetic field that will result from an external flow of ions and are thus well suited to a number of biochemical applications, such as the monitoring of blood glucose levels and the sensing of nerve impulses.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de détecter un champ électrique, magnétique ou électromagnétique appliqué. Ce procédé consiste à établir, au sein dudit champ appliqué, un flux d'ions passant à travers un milieu (2) situé entre au moins deux électrodes primaires (4, 6), et à mesurer le champ électrique généré par ce flux d'ions, soit dans la direction du flux, entre les électrodes primaires opposées, or transversalement à la direction dudit flux, entre au moins deux électrodes secondaires opposées. Ledit procédé constitue un moyen pratique et précis de détecter un champ magnétique résultant d'un flux d'ions extérieur et convient ainsi parfaitement à de nombreuses applications biochimiques, telles que la surveillance de la glycémie et la détection des impulsions nerveuses.
PCT/GB2001/002371 2001-05-24 2001-05-24 Detection d'un champ electrique, magnetique ou electromagnetique WO2002097461A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2001/002371 WO2002097461A1 (fr) 2001-05-24 2001-05-24 Detection d'un champ electrique, magnetique ou electromagnetique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2001/002371 WO2002097461A1 (fr) 2001-05-24 2001-05-24 Detection d'un champ electrique, magnetique ou electromagnetique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002097461A1 true WO2002097461A1 (fr) 2002-12-05

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103823029A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-28 旭月(北京)科技有限公司 一种通过氢离子流速判别食品安全性的方法
CN104678055A (zh) * 2013-11-28 2015-06-03 旭月(北京)科技有限公司 一种通过生物体离子分子流速判别气体安全性的方法
US10772520B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-09-15 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Intraoperative magnetometry monitoring system
CN113253002A (zh) * 2021-07-01 2021-08-13 北京科技大学 一种用于离子化空气中的电场敏感单元封装结构

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0588238A2 (fr) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-23 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gel de polymère électro-conducteur et méthode de sa préparation et électrode utilisable dans l'organisme et son usage
US5757055A (en) * 1996-09-17 1998-05-26 Intel Corporation Triple drain magneto field effect transistor with high conductivity central drain
WO1999060392A1 (fr) * 1998-05-18 1999-11-25 Farfield Sensors Limited Systeme de micro-electrodes
WO2001037360A1 (fr) * 1999-11-15 2001-05-25 Alan Glyn Jones Source d'alimentation electrique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0588238A2 (fr) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-23 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Gel de polymère électro-conducteur et méthode de sa préparation et électrode utilisable dans l'organisme et son usage
US5757055A (en) * 1996-09-17 1998-05-26 Intel Corporation Triple drain magneto field effect transistor with high conductivity central drain
WO1999060392A1 (fr) * 1998-05-18 1999-11-25 Farfield Sensors Limited Systeme de micro-electrodes
WO2001037360A1 (fr) * 1999-11-15 2001-05-25 Alan Glyn Jones Source d'alimentation electrique

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103823029A (zh) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-28 旭月(北京)科技有限公司 一种通过氢离子流速判别食品安全性的方法
CN104678055A (zh) * 2013-11-28 2015-06-03 旭月(北京)科技有限公司 一种通过生物体离子分子流速判别气体安全性的方法
US10772520B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-09-15 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Intraoperative magnetometry monitoring system
CN113253002A (zh) * 2021-07-01 2021-08-13 北京科技大学 一种用于离子化空气中的电场敏感单元封装结构

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