WO2002094005A2 - Amendement du sol et lutte contre les nematodes au moyen de drupes - Google Patents

Amendement du sol et lutte contre les nematodes au moyen de drupes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002094005A2
WO2002094005A2 PCT/US2002/016042 US0216042W WO02094005A2 WO 2002094005 A2 WO2002094005 A2 WO 2002094005A2 US 0216042 W US0216042 W US 0216042W WO 02094005 A2 WO02094005 A2 WO 02094005A2
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Prior art keywords
meal
soil
seeds
growth medium
plant growth
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PCT/US2002/016042
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English (en)
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WO2002094005A3 (fr
Inventor
Darrell B. Steele
Elankovan Ponnampalan
Rodrigo Rodriguez-Kabana
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Michigan Biotechnology Institute
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Priority to AU2002308774A priority Critical patent/AU2002308774A1/en
Publication of WO2002094005A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002094005A2/fr
Publication of WO2002094005A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002094005A3/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/34—Rosaceae [Rose family], e.g. strawberry, hawthorn, plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an organic soil amendment derived from the pit material of drupes, or stone fruit. These fruits include, but are not limited to, cherries, peaches, apricots, plums, apples, pears, almond, and quince.
  • the amendment when applied to soils of growing plants, is effective in controlling pathogenic nematodes and other pests, and in stimulating the beneficial microflora of the rhizosphere.
  • Nematodes are slender, worm-like organisms found in the soil almost anywhere in the world. Some nematodes are plant parasitic, and hundreds of species of nematodes are known to be plant-pathogenic. Many plants are affected by nematodes, including soybeans, peanuts, cotton, tobacco, strawberries, root crops, ornamentals, citrus, vegetables and many other crops. Nematodes feed on the roots and lower stems of plants, and some attack the leaves and flowers. Some species of nematodes inadvertently introduce pathogenic, root-invading microorganisms into the plants while feeding. Nematodes may also predispose plant varieties to other disease causing agents, such as wilts and root rots.
  • nematodes themselves cause the disease, disrupting the flow of water and nutrients in the xylem system, resulting in root-knot or deprivation of the above-ground parts, and ultimately causing stunting.
  • Symptoms of nematode infestation include swellings, thickenings, galls and distortions of above-ground components of the plant, and root conditions such as short stubby roots, lesions (dead spots), swellings, galls and general breakdown.
  • nematicides Numerous nematicides have been available, some of which are useful as fumigants. The most effective and widely used control agents have been methyl bromide and ethylene dibromide, and certain chlorinated compounds (e.g., 1 ,3 dichloropropene). Other nematicides generally fall within three groups: (1) organophosphate insecticides, (2) isothiocyanates, and (3) carbamate or oxime insecticides. For example, VapamTM (sodium N-methyl dithiocarbamate) has proven to be useful, especially as a pre-plant treatment. [0006] Probably the most effective substance for soil treatment has been methyl bromide.
  • methyl bromide When used as a soil treatment, methyl bromide is injected into the soil to sterilize the soil and kill the vast majority of soil organisms. After the methyl bromide is injected, the soil is covered with plastic tarps that hold most of the methyl bromide in the soil. The tarps are removed 24 to 72 hours later. After the tarps are removed, much of the methyl bromide leaves the soil. It has been reported that the United States Environmental Protection Agency estimates that about 50% to 95% of the methyl bromide in the soil eventually enters the atmosphere where it may damage the ozone layer. Because of the damaging effects of methyl bromide on the ozone layer, the production and importation of methyl bromide in the United States has been prohibited. Other countries have also banned the use of methyl bromide. Similarly, other nematicides have come under increased regulation.
  • U.S. Patent No. 434,243 discloses a composition consisting of ground tobacco plant parts, bran of any type of grains, cotton-seed meal, and insect poison. The composition is applied on top of the ground to nourish a plant's growth and control worms or other insects.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,204,100 and 5,506,099 disclose several Bacillus thuringiensis strains that can be used to control Coleopteran insects.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,464,618 discloses a gustatory stimulant composition comprising a dried and powdered Cucurbitaceae plant material, a lubricant and an adherent.
  • an adulticide may be added to the composition.
  • the composition can be used to control a beetle population of the family Galerucinae.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,051 ,233 discloses a chemical composition comprising heat components, mustard oil, lemon extract, vegetable oil, and surfactants to treat soil to control most diseases and pests.
  • the heat components provide the disease and pest control activity.
  • the heat components may comprise capsaicin, ginger oil, black pepper oil, ginger oleo resin, black pepper oleo resin, capaicinoids, cassia oil, cinnamon leaf oil, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamic aldehyde, bitter almond oil, and benzaldehyde.
  • 4,442,092 discloses a nematicidal composition containing as an active ingredient(s) therein sesame plant extracts including roots, seeds or stalks, oils and acids extracted therefrom.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,057,141 describes compositions including soybean meal, urea and chitin-containing formulations. These compositions are reported to be non-phytotoxic and to provide cost-effective biological suppression of plant pathogenic nematode populations and excellent plant nutrition.
  • 5,882,851 and 6,133,417 disclose P-450 dependent monooxygenases (converting amino acids to cyanohydrins, the precursor of the cyanogenic glycolysis, or to glucosinolates) and using the monooxygenases to make transgenic plants that are nematode resistant.
  • the foregoing needs are met by a method according to the invention for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in a plant growth medium.
  • the method comprises applying to the plant growth medium the ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family.
  • the seeds that are ground are obtained from the group consisting of cherries, peaches, apples, pears, quince, almonds, plums, and apricots.
  • the seeds that are ground are obtained from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family, and the pits of tart or maraschino cherries are particularly preferred.
  • the method also includes the step of applying to the plant growth medium a meal other than the ground seeds.
  • the meal is selected from the group consisting of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower seed meal, linseed meal, peanut meal, safflower meal, corn meal, jojoba meal, and sesame meal, and most preferably, the meal is soybean meal.
  • the method also includes the step of applying to the plant growth medium urea or a source of urea.
  • the invention is a method that comprises applying to the plant growth medium an extract from the ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family.
  • the seeds that are ground and extracted are obtained from the group consisting of cherries, peaches, apples, pears, quince, almonds, plums, and apricots.
  • the seeds that are ground and extracted are obtained from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family, and the pits of tart or maraschino cherries are particularly preferred.
  • the invention is a method that comprises applying to the plant growth medium a material including amygdalin, such as ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family or an extract from the ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family.
  • the invention is a composition for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in a plant growth medium.
  • the composition comprises ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family and a meal selected from the group consisting of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower seed meal, linseed meal, peanut meal, safflower meal, corn meal, jojoba meal, and sesame meal.
  • the seeds that are ground are obtained from the group consisting of cherries, peaches, apples, pears, quince, almonds, plums, and apricots.
  • the seeds that are ground are obtained from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family.
  • the meal in the composition is soybean meal.
  • the composition may be admixed with soil in order to suppress the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in the soil, reduce the amount of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in the soil, or kill the phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in the soil. [0017] Therefore, it is an advantage of the present invention to provide an inexpensive, non-phytotoxic nematicidal composition that can be substituted for environmentally hazardous and toxic synthetic nematicides.
  • the present invention provides nematicidal compositions and methods for reclaiming and managing nematode-infested soils, for stimulating the growth of plants in nematode-infested soils, and for imparting sustained nematicidal and fertilizer activity to the soils.
  • a wide variety of plant pathogenic nematodes can be controlled in accordance with the present invention.
  • Non-limiting examples of such nematodes include root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita), lance (Hoploaimus galeatus), stunt (Tylenchorhynchus claytoni), and stubby root (Patrichodorus minor) nematodes.
  • root-knot Malignant funga
  • lance Lance
  • stunt Tylenchorhynchus claytoni
  • stubby root stubby root
  • Phytopathogenic fungi can also be controlled in accordance with the present invention.
  • the invention provides a method for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in a plant growth medium.
  • the method comprises applying to the plant growth medium at least a nematistatically and fungistatically effective amount of ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family.
  • nematistatically and fungistatically effective amount we mean at least the minimum amount that suppresses the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in a plant growth medium when that amount is added to the plant growth medium.
  • the seeds that are ground are obtained from the group consisting of cherries, peaches, apples, pears, quince, almonds, plums, and apricots.
  • the seeds that are ground are obtained from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family.
  • the pits of tart or maraschino cherries are particularly preferred, and it is preferred that the ground seeds pass a 0.1 millimeter sieve.
  • the method for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi can be used in any plant growth medium.
  • the plant growth medium is soil.
  • the method can also be used in hydroponic horticulture wherein the plant growth medium is a plant growth solution.
  • the plant growth medium is soil and the amount of ground seeds used in the method is at least 0.5 grams per kilogram of soil.
  • the plant growth medium is soil and the amount of ground seeds is about 0.5 to about 10 grams per kilogram of soil.
  • the first embodiment of the invention also includes the step of applying to the plant growth medium a meal other than the ground seeds.
  • the meal may be added separately or with the ground seeds to the plant growth medium.
  • the meal is selected from the group consisting of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower seed meal, linseed meal, peanut meal, safflower meal, corn meal, jojoba meal, and sesame meal.
  • the meal is soybean meal, and the weight ratio of ground seeds to soybean meal is from 0.25 to 5.
  • the same weight ratios are suitable when other meal used.
  • the amount of ground seeds and meal used in the method is preferably at least 0.5 grams of the mixture of ground seeds and meal per kilogram of soil, and most preferably, the amount of the mixture of ground seeds and meal is about 0.5 to about 20 grams per kilogram of soil.
  • the first embodiment of the invention also includes the step of applying to the plant growth medium urea or a source of urea (e.g., isobutyldienediurea, crotonylidiene diurea, difurforylidene triureide, oxalyldiuride, biuret and triuret).
  • urea or a source of urea may be added separately or with the ground seeds to the plant growth medium.
  • the weight ratio of the urea or a source of urea to the ground seeds is from 0.01 to 1.
  • the invention provides another method for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in a plant growth medium.
  • This method also stimulates the growth of saprophagous nematodes.
  • the method comprises applying to the plant growth medium at least a nematistatically and fungistatically effective amount of an extract of seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family.
  • the seeds that are extracted are obtained from the group consisting of cherries, peaches, apples, pears, quince, almonds, plums, and apricots.
  • the seeds that are extracted are obtained from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family.
  • the extract of pits of tart or maraschino cherries is particularly preferred.
  • the extract may be prepared by grinding the seeds and extracting the seeds with a solvent.
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine, hexane, chloroform, supercritical carbon dioxide, propane, liquid nitrogen, and mixtures thereof.
  • the seeds are from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family, the solvent is ethanolamine, and a mixture of the seeds and the solvent is heated during extraction to temperatures of 20°C to 75°C.
  • the seeds are from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family, the solvent is hexane, and a mixture of the seeds and the solvent is extracted using soxhlet extraction.
  • This method for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi can also be used in any plant growth medium.
  • the plant growth medium is soil.
  • the method can also be used in hydroponic horticulture wherein the plant growth medium is a plant growth solution.
  • the plant growth medium is soil and the amount of extract added to the soil is at least 0.5 milliliters per kilogram of soil.
  • the plant growth medium is soil and the amount of extract added to the soil is about 0.5 to about 10 milliliters per kilogram of soil.
  • the invention provides a composition for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in a plant growth medium.
  • the composition comprises ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family and a meal selected from the group consisting of soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower seed meal, linseed meal, peanut meal, safflower meal, corn meal, jojoba meal, and sesame meal.
  • the seeds that are ground are obtained from the group consisting of cherries, peaches, apples, pears, quince, almonds, plums, and apricots. Most preferably, the seeds that are ground are obtained from any plant of the genus Prunus of the Rosaceae family. The pits of tart or maraschino cherries are particularly preferred, and it is preferred that the ground seeds pass a 0.1 millimeter sieve.
  • the meal in the composition is soybean meal, and the weight ratio of ground seeds to soybean meal is from 0.25 to 5. The same weight ratios are also suitable when other meal used.
  • the composition is particularly effective in suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in soil when at least 0.5 grams of the composition is admixed per kilogram of soil. Most preferably, the amount of the composition admixed with soil is about 0.5 to about 20 grams per kilogram of soil.
  • the composition of the third embodiment of the invention also includes urea or a source of urea (e.g., isobutyldienediurea, crotonylidiene diurea, difurforylidene triureide, oxalyldiuride, biuret and triuret).
  • the weight ratio of the urea or a source of urea to the ground seeds is from 0.01 to 6.
  • the invention provides another method for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi in a plant growth medium.
  • the method comprises applying to a plant growth medium at least a nematistatically and fungistatically effective amount of a material including amygdalin.
  • the material is a ground solid material such as ground seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family.
  • the material is a solution including amygdalin such as an extract from the seeds from a drupe of the Rosaceae family.
  • the amygdalin is present in the material in an amount of at least 100 ppm of the total weight of the material, and most preferably, the amygdalin is present in the material in an amount of 100 ppm to 30,000 ppm of the total weight of the material.
  • amygdalin levels of 1 ,000 to 10,000 ppm by total weight of the solution are quite useful.
  • Plants susceptible to nematode infestation which can be aided with the present invention include but are not limited to field crops, such as tobacco, peanuts, rice and cotton; fruit and nut crops, such as strawberries, cranberries, dates, pineapples, olives, coffee and tea; citrus fruits including oranges, tangerines, grapefruit, lemons, and limes; deciduous fruits including apples, apricots, bananas, cherries, grapes, nectarines, kiwi fruit, peaches, pears, plums and prunes; and nuts including almonds, filberts, macadamias, pecans, pistachios and walnuts; commercial vegetable and melon crops, such as celery, eggplant, lettuce, tomatoes, peppers, cauliflower, onions, carrots, broccoli, honeydew melons, white potatoes, and sweet potatoes; and floral crops, lawns and turf, and ornamentals, including cut flowers, flowering pot plants and bedding and foliage plants, including orchids, chrysanthemums, begonias
  • Example 1 describes greenhouse experiments that were performed to determine the nematicidal activities of cherry pit meal and mixtures of cherry pit meal and soybean meal on growing soybean plants.
  • Example 2 describes greenhouse experiments that were performed to determine the nematicidal activities of different cherry pit meals and mixtures of different cherry pit meals and soybean meal on growing tomato plants.
  • Example 3 describes greenhouse experiments that were performed to determine the nematicidal activities of cherry pit extract on growing tomato and squash plants.
  • Example 1 As an initial experiment, ground cherry pits were applied to nematode- containing soil at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 grams per kilogram of soil. The soil amendment was effective in killing nematodes including Meloidogyne arenaria
  • Soil was then obtained from a cotton field infested with root-knot ⁇ Meloidogyne incognita), lance (Hoploaimus galeatus), stunt (Tylenchorhynchus claytoni), and stubby root (Pathchodorus minor) nematodes as well as phytopathogenic fungi.
  • the soil was mixed 1 :1 (v:v) with fine ( ⁇ 1 mm.) washed siliceous river sand and the mixture was apportioned in 1 kilogram amounts into 4 liter capacity plastic bags. This soil-sand mixture will be referred to hereinafter in Example 1 and Table 1 as soil.
  • Cherry pit meal was prepared by grinding whole cherry pits to pass a
  • the pots were placed on a greenhouse table and were kept moist for 10 days when soil samples were collected from each pot for nematological analysis using methods described in Rodriquez-Kabana et al., "A simple method for extraction nematodes from the soil", Nematropica 11 : 175-185, 1981.
  • the pots were then planted (5 seeds/pot) with "Young" soybean (Glycine max).
  • the ensuing plants were kept in good growing conditions for eight weeks when the plants were removed and soil samples collected for nematological analysis.
  • the roots were examined for damage, the number of root galls caused by M. incognita were counted, and the weights of fresh roots and shoots recorded.
  • Root condition was used as an indication of resistance to both nematodes and phytopathogenic fungi.
  • Example 2 Soil was obtained from a cotton field infested with root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita), lance (Hoploaimus galeatus), stunt (Tylenchorhynchus claytoni), and stubby root (Patrichodorus minor) nematodes as well as phytopathogenic fungi.
  • the soil was mixed 1 :1 (v:v) with fine ( ⁇ 1 mm.) washed siliceous river sand and the mixture was apportioned in 1 kilogram amounts into 4 liter capacity plastic bags. This soil-sand mixture will be referred to hereinafter in Example 2 and Table 2 as soil.
  • Maraschino cherry pit meal was prepared by grinding whole maraschino cherry pits to pass a 0.1 millimeter sieve. Tart cherry pit meal was also prepared by grinding whole tart cherry pits to pass a 0.1 millimeter sieve. Twenty four soil mixtures were then prepared as shown in the following Table 2 using the 1 kilogram amounts of soil in the 4 liter capacity plastic bags. The test materials were added to the bags and mixed thoroughly with the moist (60% field capacity) soil and transferred to 1 liter capacity 4-inch diameter cylindrical plastic pots. [0045] It can be seen from Table 2 that the maraschino and tart cherry pit meal were added to the soil at rates of 0, 2, 4, and 6 grams per kilogram of soil.
  • the pots were placed on a greenhouse table and were kept moist for 10 days when soil samples were collected from each pot for nematological analysis using methods described in Rodriquez-Kabana er a/., "A simple method for extraction nematodes from the soil", Nematropica 11 : 175-185, 1981.
  • the pots were then planted (5 seeds/pot) with "Rutger” tomato.
  • the ensuing plants were kept in good growing conditions for eight weeks when the plants were removed and soil samples collected for nematological analysis.
  • the roots were examined for damage, the number of root galls caused by M. incognita were counted, and the weights of fresh roots and shoots recorded.
  • Root condition was used as an indication of resistance to both nematodes and phytopathogenic fungi.
  • Example 3 An extract of cherry pits was made by combining 100 grams of ground cherry pit meal with 200 milliliters of ethanolamine. This was mixed thoroughly and heated in a microwave on high for 3 minutes to achieve the boiling point of the ethanolamine. This solution was mixed well and combined with 300 milliliters deionized water. Following mixing the solution was passed through a glass wool filter in a buchner funnel. Approximately 400 milliliters of liquid extract was obtained. Cherry pit extract was also prepared using ethanolamine or hexane as the solvent in a Soxhlet extraction.
  • Extracts were analyzed for amygdalin content using the following method.
  • the equipment consisted of a Perkin Elmer PE series 200 LC pump with a LC 295 UV/Vis detector.
  • the system is equipped with an Alcott 728 autosampler using a 20ul injection loop.
  • the column and guard column used were from Alltech; Alltima C18 5u, (250x 4.6 mm.) and Alltima C18 5u (7.5x 4.6 mm.).
  • the detector was set for 210 nanometers.
  • the flow rate of the mobile phase was set for 1.0 ml./min.
  • the column was kept at room temperature.
  • the gradient consisted of a mixture of acetylnitrile and water over a period of sixty minutes.
  • Soil for the experiments of Example 3 was obtained from a cotton field infested with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita).
  • the moist (approx. 60% field capacity) soil was screened (1 mm. mesh) and mixed 50:50 (v:v) with moist washed siliceous river sand (1 mm. mesh); the mixture, henceforth referred to in Example 3 as soil, was apportioned in one kilogram amounts contained in 4 liter capacity polyethylene bags. The requisite materials were added to each bag and mixed thoroughly. The contents of the bags were then transferred to 1 liter cylindrical PVC pots.
  • the pots were placed in a greenhouse and kept moist for 2 weeks when soil samples were collected to determine nematode populations and each pot planted with a single 3 week old "Rutger" tomato seedling.
  • the plants were kept in optimal growing conditions for 6 weeks and were then removed from the pots and washed to remove soil from the roots. Soil samples were taken from each pot after removal of the plants. Data was collected on plant height, the weight of shoots and roots, and the number of root galls caused by M. incognita.
  • Nematode populations in roots and soil samples were determined using the method of Rodriquez-Kabana et al. used in Example 1 and 2. This extract was also added to nematode and fungi infected soil as a pre-plant treatment, at varying concentrations, for the growth of yellow straight-neck squash. Experimental details were identical to those for tomatoes.
  • the tart cherry microwave extract was effective against M. incognita at rates > 2 milliliters per kilogram of soil but the Soxhlet required > 4 milliliters per kilogram of soil.
  • the tart cherry extract was equivalent to the maraschino preparation for root-knot nematode control.
  • This extract was also added to nematode and fungi infected soil as a pre-plant treatment, at varying concentrations, for the growth of yellow straight- neck squash. The extract was effective at controlling root-knot nematodes, stunt nematodes, and lance nematodes at applications as low as 2 milliliters per kilogram of soil.
  • This soil was used to plant tomatoes two months after planting of the squash, and one week following harvesting of the squash, without further treatment.
  • the extract remained active and completely eliminated nematode populations during the growth of the tomatoes, while stimulating the population of saprophagous nematodes (>300% increase).
  • Shoot and root weights increased >200% over controls and overall root condition was excellent, indicating resistance to both nematode root gall and phytopathogenic fungi. It is clear that that an extract of cherry pits is efficacious in controlling nematodes and promoting overall good plant health in squash and tomatoes.
  • the organic amendment controls nematodes and other crop pests.
  • a method of producing the amendment and application of the amendment to soils containing growing plants has also been provided.
  • the amendment effectively controls several types of phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi with no observed phytotoxic effects.
  • the invention provides nematicidal compositions and methods for reclaiming and managing nematode-infested soils, for stimulating the growth of plants in nematode-infested soils, and for imparting sustained nematicidal and fertilizer activity to the soils.
  • the invention also provides soil amendments for the control of phytopathogenic nematodes, and methods for producing the soil amendments.
  • the invention further provides compositions which are obtained from organic sources and which stimulate the reproduction and development in soil of normal microflora which are destructive to plant-pathogenic nematodes.
  • the present invention relates to nematicidal compositions and soil amendments for the control of phytopathogenic nematodes.
  • the invention also provides methods for reclaiming and managing nematode-infested soils, for stimulating the growth of plants in nematode-infested soils, and for imparting sustained nematicidal and fertilizer activity to the soils.

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Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé permettant d'empêcher des nématodes et des champignons phytopathogènes de se développer dans un milieu de culture végétale ainsi qu'une composition nématicide non phytotoxique et peu coûteuse que l'on peut substituer à des nématicides de synthèse toxiques et dangereux pour l'environnement. Cette composition comprend des pépins de drupe de la famille des Rosaceae (cerise, pêche, pomme, poire, coing, amande, prune ou abricot, par exemple) ou bien un extrait de ces pépins. Elle peut également contenir une farine telle qu'une farine de soja et de l'urée ou une source d'urée. La composition s'applique sur un milieu de culture végétale en dose efficace pour y supprimer la croissance de nématodes et de champignons phytopathogènes.
PCT/US2002/016042 2001-05-24 2002-05-20 Amendement du sol et lutte contre les nematodes au moyen de drupes WO2002094005A2 (fr)

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AU2002308774A AU2002308774A1 (en) 2001-05-24 2002-05-20 The use of drupes as a soil amendment to control nematodes

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US29358701P 2001-05-24 2001-05-24
US60/293,587 2001-05-24

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