Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/11—Encapsulated compositions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair

Definitions

• This invention relates to rinse-off hair shampoo compositions and to their use in the treatment of hair.
• Shampoo compositions are generally formulated with highly effective cleansing surfactants, typically anionic surfactants, and do not in themselves provide much conditioning or styling benefit to the hair.
• basic shampoo formulations which have not been supplemented with specific conditioning or styling agents have a tendency to leave the hair in a cosmetically-unsatisfactory condition with regards to manageability and stylability.
• the hair tends to have a harsh, dull and dry feel, often referred to as "creak", is often difficult to comb, in either the wet or the dry state, typically has poor brushing properties, and tends to have poor set-retaining abilities.
• conditioning and/or styling agents are generally applied separately after shampooing and rinsing the hair, for example, in the form of conditioner formulations or styling mousses etc.
• conditioning and/or styling agents have been incorporated into shampoo formulations.
• the latter approach provides the advantage of removing the need for a separate conditioner or styling treatment, the conditioning and/or styling agents are not always compatible with the shampoo ingredients, especially the anionic surfactant. This can result in the cleansing action and/or cosmetic benefit being compromised.
• hair fixative agents such as high molecular weight polymers.
• conditioning attributes such as wet and dry stage clean feel and smoothness. In fact, they can result in a sticky feel to the hair.
• Conventional styling polymers are typically water soluble. This means that when incorporated into a shampoo or conditioner which is rinsed off the hair, there is a tendency for the styling polymer to be washed away to a greater or lesser degree with the shampoo/conditioner. Hence, most styling products are leave-in products which are applied to the hair as post-shampoo/conditioner treatments.
• the problem being addressed by the present invention is the provision of rinse-off shampoo compositions which impart styling benefits, and in particular body benefits on the hair, but which do not compromise the cleansing action of the shampoo and which do not negatively impact on the conditioning attributes of the hair.
• the body benefits or attributes the present invention is looking particularly to provide are root lift, increased hair volume, bounce, control (i.e. ease of styling) and manageability, i.e. maintenance of style without undue stiffness and negative sensory feel.
• Such body attributes are particularly attractive to people with fine or long, weighty hair.
• conditioning agents for example silicones and cationic surfactants
• conditioning agents do provide substantial improvements in for example the wet and dry combing properties of the hair and in the smoothness of the hair, they tend to have a negative effect on many of the attributes associated with hair body.
• JP 10144622 discloses cosmetic compositions containing from 0.5 to 50 wt% of particles consisting of colloidal silica cores surrounded by silicone shells which may be used on the skin or hair.
• Hairdressing lotions, hair creams and cleansing compositions such as a shampoo, rinse and conditioner are disclosed as suitable cosmetic compositions in which the particles can by utilised.
• the particles In the treatment of hair, they are described as providing a flexible and smooth feeling and as having good set-retaining ability. There is no teaching that the particles provide significant body benefits, such as volume, root lift and bounce, to the hair.
• compositions impart body attributes, such as are root lift, volume, bounce and manageability, in the absence (or substantial absence) of a styling polymer, which leads to compositions which have a styling benefit, but nevertheless do not suffer from the sensory negatives (e.g. stickiness and/or dry feel) which are associated with prior styling compositions based on, for example, styling polymers.
• this invention provides an aqueous shampoo composition
• an aqueous shampoo composition comprising
• coated particle refers to a particle comprising a solid core having a D3 , 2 average particle size in the range 10 to 700 nm which is coated, via covalent grafting, with a silicone polymer, the polymer forming a coating or shell around the solid core.
• solid core or “solid core particle” refers to the solid core of the coated particle.
• coating polymer or “polymer coating” refers to the silicone polymer covalently grafted to the solid core of the coated particle.
• water-insoluble means that the material is soluble in distilled water at a concentration of less than 0.01 g/1, preferably less than 0.001 g/1 at 20°C.
• aggregates refers to secondary particles which are a collection of primary particles which have been fused to form face to face sintered structures which cannot be dissociated, and as such are relatively hard.
• D 3 , 2 average droplet or particle sizes as referred to herein may be measured by means of a laser light scattering technique, using a 2600D Particle Sizer from Malvern Instruments.
• the coated particles are present in the conditioner composition in an amount of from 0.01 to 10, preferably from 0.01 to 5, more preferably from 0.05 to 3, yet more preferably from 0.05 to 2.5, and most preferably from 0.1 to 1 wt%.
• levels of coated particles of 0.5 wt% or less work particularly well in the compositions of the present invention.
• the coated particles comprise solid cores having D3 , 2 average particle sizes in the range from 10 to 700 nm, the solid cores being coated with a silicone polymer which is covalently bonded to the solid core.
• the D3 , 2 average particle size of the coated particles is in the range from 20 to 1000, more preferably from 20 to 800, yet more preferably from 50 to 500 and most preferably from 50 to 250 nm.
• Sufficient silicone is grafted so as to form a effective shell around the solid core.
• the weight ratio of the solid core to the silicone coating polymer is in the range from 20:1 to 1:10, preferably from 20:1 to 2:3, more preferably from 20:1 to 1:1, more preferably from 10:1 to 1:1, yet more preferably from 5:1 to 1:1, and most preferably from 5:1 to 2:1, A particularly preferred ratio is about 4:1.
• coated particles that are sparingly soluble may be employed in shampoo compositions of the invention, it is highly preferred that the coated particles be water- insoluble .
• the solid core particles have a D3 , 2 average particle size in the range from 10 to 700, preferably from 10 to 500, more preferably from 20 to 300, yet more preferably from 20 to 200, and most preferably from 30 to 150 nm, for example about from 50 to 100 nm.
• the solid core particles be colloidal in an aqueous dispersion.
• the solid core can be a primary particle or an aggregate, so long as its satisfies the size requirement specified above. Preferably, it is a primary particle.
• the solid core particles are relatively hard and typically have a Youngs Modulus of more than 0.01, preferably more than 0.1, more preferably more than 1.0, yet more preferably more than 4 GPa, and yet more preferably more than 10 GPa.
• Suitable organic solid particles can be made by a variety of methods including :-
• suitable solid core materials for use as the solid cores include polymers, which are preferably cross- linked, (e.g. polystyrene, silicone elastomer powders, PTFE, rubber) , silicas, alumina, alumin silicate, clays and colloidal metals (e.g. titanium dioxide, zinc oxide).
• polymers which are preferably cross- linked, (e.g. polystyrene, silicone elastomer powders, PTFE, rubber) , silicas, alumina, alumin silicate, clays and colloidal metals (e.g. titanium dioxide, zinc oxide).
• PTFE PTFE
• PTFE solid core particles may be composed entirely of PTFE polymer or may consist of a composite of PTFE polymer and one or more further polymers such as polyethylene. Suitable PTFE particles are further described in our unpublished copending United Kingdom Patent Application Nos. GB 0012064.2 and GB 0012061.8.
• silicas such as silica gels, hydrated silicas and precipitated silicas (e.g. Cab-O-Sil and Aerosil) .
• a particularly preferred class of solid core materials are the colloidal silicas. Suitable examples include Ludox HS-40, Ludox SM, Ludox CL and Ludox AM.
• the solid core amounts to from 95 to 5 wt%, preferably from 95 to 40, more preferably from 90 to 50, and most preferably from 90 to 60 wt%, for example about 80 wt%, of the total weight of the coated particles.
• Solid cores that are either water-insoluble or only sparingly soluble in water may be employed in the preparation of coated particles.
• the solid core is water-insoluble.
• the coating polymer is a silicone polymer which is covalently bonded to the solid core.
• the coating polymer amounts to from 5 to 95, preferably from 10 to 60, more preferably from 10 to 50, and most preferably from 10 to 40 wt%, for example about 20 wt%, of the total weight of the coated particles.
• the molecular weight of the coating polymer is no greater than 500,000, preferably no greater than 250,000, more preferably no greater than 200,000, yet more preferably no greater than 150,000 and yet more preferably no greater than 100,000 Daltons.
• the molecular weight may be lower than 50,000 or even lower than 25,000 Daltons.
• the molecular weight is at least 500, preferably at least 1,000, more preferably at least 2,000 and yet more preferably at least 5,000 Daltons.
• the silicone polymer is tethered to the surface of the solid core particle by one or more covalent bonds, although other secondary means of attachment such as hydrogen bonding and absorption may also be present.
• the silicone polymer may be bonded via its terminal end(s) and/or via side-chains in the polymer chain.
• Preferably at least 70 wt%, more preferably at least 80 wt% and yet more preferably at least 90 wt% of the silicone polymer present in coating on the solid core is covalently bonded to the solid core surface.
• More than one silicone polymer may be used to coat the solid core.
• Suitable silicone polymers for use as the coating polymer are polyorganosiloxanes represented by the formula I :
• R is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group; and a is 1 . 80 - 2 . 20 .
• Suitable unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups include (i) linear or branched Cl-20 alkyls group; (ii) aryl groups such as benzyl, ⁇ -phenylethyl , methylbenzyl and naphthylmethyl groups; and (iii) cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl and cyclopentyl .
• Suitable substituted hydrocarbon groups include (i) groups where hydrogen atom(s) of the above-mentioned unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups is/are substituted with halogen atom(s) such as fluorine or chlorine, for example 3 , 3 , 3-trifluoropropyl and fluoropropyl groups; (ii) groups containing an ethylenic unsaturated group; and (iii) groups containing an organic functional group containing at least one oxygen or nitrogen atoms .
• Suitable organic functional groups include:-
• Suitable ethylenic unsaturated groups include the following, in which n is an integer from 0 to 10:
• vinyloxyethyl and vinyloxyethoxy groups and preferably vinyloxypropyl and vinyloxyethoxypropyl groups
• suitable examples being homoallyl, 5-hexenyl and 7-octenyl groups, and preferably vinyl and allyl groups;
• R is a hydrogen atom or a Cl-6 alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or methyl group .
• Suitable examples include (vinylphenyl) methyl , isopropenylvinylphenyl , 2- (vinylphenoxy) ethyl , 3-
• R is a Cl-6 alkylene group or a group represented by the formula
• R is a Cl-6 hydrocarbon or a (meth) acryloyl group
• R is a Cl-6 alkylene group.
• Suitable examples include ⁇ -acryloxypropyl, ⁇ - methacrylaoxypropyl and N,N-bis (methacryloyl) - ⁇ -aminopropyl groups.
• Preferred groups are N-methacryloyl-N-methyl- ⁇ - aminopropyl and N-acryloyl-N-methyl- ⁇ -aminopropyl groups.
• coated particles are preferably prepared as an aqueous pre-emulsion, which can then be mixed with other ingredients to form the shampoo composition.
• the coated particles can be prepared as follow:
• coated particles for example having a D3 , 2 average particle size of at least 100 nm and which employ solid core particles having D3 , 2 average particle size of at least
• aqueous polymerisation system in which the solid core particles are mixed with water, an emulsifying surfactant, an organosiloxane component and a suitable polymerisation catalyst.
• the resulting aqueous emulsion of coated particles can be directly incorporated into a shampoo composition.
• Smaller coated particles for example having a D3 , 2 average particle size of less than 100 nm and which employ solid core particles having D3 , 2 average particle size of less than 50 nm, tend to have to be prepared by an alternative organic polymerisation system in which the solid core particles are mixed with an organosiloxane component in an organic solvent, free of any surfactant.
• the resulting coated particles are typically precipitated out of the organic solvent, washed and redispersed in water as an aqueous emulsion with a suitable emulsifying surfactant.
• the silicone coating polymer is suitably prepared by polymerisation of component monomers or oligomers.
• the solid core particles are mixed with organosiloxane units having 2-10 silicon atoms and containing no hydroxyl groups and being of unit formula (ID :
• R is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group .
• a cross-linking agent such as a silane compound having a functional group may be added to the organosiloxane component for the silicone coat so as to improve the strength of the polymer shell .
• organosiloxane component units from which the polyorganosiloxane coating polymer is formed by the condensation reaction are as follows:
• Cyclic compounds such as hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, 1 , 3 , 5 , 7-tetramethyl-l , 3 , 5, 7- tetraphenyl cyclotetrasiloxane, 1,3,5,7- tetrabenzyltetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane and l,3,5,7-tris(3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) trimethylsiloxane;
• Cyclic organosiloxanes containing an organic functional group such as trimethyl triphenyl cyclotrisiloxane, tris (3 , 3 , 3-aminopropyl) tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane, 1,3,5, 7-tetra [N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- aminopropyl] tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane, 1, 3 , 5, 7, -tetra (3-mercaptopropyl) tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane and 1,3,5,7,- tetra (3glycidoxypropyl) tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane .
• organic functional group such as trimethyl triphenyl cyclotrisiloxane, tris (3 , 3 , 3-aminopropyl) tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane, 1,3,5, 7-tetra [N- (2-amino
• Silane compounds having an ethylenic unsaturated group such as 3-acryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, 3- methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, (vinyloxypropyl) methyl dimethoxysilane, (vinyloxyethoxypropyl) methyl dimethoxysilane, p- vinylphenylmethyl dimethoxysilane, 1- (m- vinylphenyl) methyldimethyl isopropoxysilane, 2-(p- vinylphenyl) ethyldimethoxysilane, 3- (p- vinylphenoxy) propylmethyl dimethoxysilane, 1- (p- vinylphenyl ) ethylmethyl methoxysilane, 1- (o- vinylphenyl) -1, 1, 2-trimethyldimethoxydisilane, m- vinylphenyl [ (3-triethoxysilyl) propl] diphenylsilane, [3- (p- (p-
• organosiloxanes or silanes can be used either singly or as a mixture of two or more organosiloxanes and/or silanes.
• linear or branched organosiloxane oligomers may also be used as an organosiloxane containing an organic functional group or an ethylenic unsaturated group.
• organosiloxane oligomers although there is no particular limitation for the terminal group of the molecular chain terminal is sequestered by an organic group other than a hydroxyl group such as an alkoxy group, trimethylsilyl group, dimethylvinylsilyl group, methylphenylvinylsilyl group, methyldiphenylsilyl group and 3,3,3- trifluoropropyldimethylsilyl group .
• emulsifiers include anionic, cationic and nonionic emulsifiers.
• anionic emulsifiers are alkylarylsulphonates, e.g., sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkyl sulphates e.g., sodium, lauryl sulphate, alkyl ether sulphates, e.g., sodium lauryl ether sulphate nEO, where n is from 1 to 20 alkylphenol ether sulphates, e.g., octylphenol ether sulphate nEO where n is from 1 to 20, and sulphosuccinates, e.g., sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate .
• alkylarylsulphonates e.g., sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate
• alkyl sulphates e.g., sodium, lauryl sulphate
• alkyl ether sulphates e.g., sodium lauryl ether sulphate
• Suitable cationic surfactants are well-known to the person skilled in the art.
• the cationic surfactant contains a quaternary ammonium group. Suitable examples of such cationic surfactants are described hereinbelow in the section on co-surfactants.
• Particularly preferred as cationic emulsifying surfactants are C6-20, preferably C8-18, monoalkyl and dialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds.
• nonionic emulsifiers are alkylphenol ethoxylates, e.g., nonylphenol ethoxylate nEO, where n is from 1 to 50, alcohol ethoxylates, e.g., lauryl alcohol nEO, where n is from 1 to 50, ester ethoxylates, e.g., polyoxyethylene monostearate where the number of oxyethylene units is from 1 to 30.
• At least one anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant is present as an emulsifying surfactant.
• the solid core particles are mixed with water, an emulsifying surfactant, an organosiloxane component and a suitable polymerisation catalyst.
• Preferred methods for preparing coated particles according to this system are described in JP 10114622.
• Any catalyst may be used so long as it is capable of polymerising a low-molecular organosiloxane in the presence of water.
• Suitable catalysts include those commonly used for polymerisation of low-molecular organosiloxanes such as a mixture of hydroxylated aliphatic sulphonic acid with an unsaturated aliphatic sulphonic acid, an aliphatic hydrogen sulphate, an aliphatic substituted benzenesulphonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid.
• anionic surfactant emulsifiers have a weak catalytic action such can be used in conjunction with a polymerisation catalyst.
• anionic surfactants include sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, sodium octylbenzenesulphonate, ammonium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, sodium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, sodium tetradecenesulphonate and sodium hydroxytetradecenesulphonate.
• Cationic surfactant emulsifiers can also have a weak catalytic action and, therefore, it is preferred to use them together with a polymerization catalyst such as an alkaline metal hydroxide (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide and caesium hydroxide) .
• a polymerization catalyst such as an alkaline metal hydroxide (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide and caesium hydroxide) .
• the amount of water used in the emulsification is typically from 50 to 500, preferably from 100 to 300 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the coated particles component in the emulsion.
• the solid concentration in the emulsion is typically from 20 to 70, preferably from 30 to 60 wt% of the total weight of the emulsion.
• the temperature of preparation of the emulsion i.e. for the condensation reaction) is typically in the range from 5 to 100°C.
• the amount of emulsifying surfactant in the emulsification is typically from 0.5 to 50, preferably from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of the total amount of the coated particles component in the emulsion.
• the amount of polymerization catalyst in the emulsification is typically from 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of the total amount of the coated particles component in the emulsion.
• a preferred solid core material of the present invention is colloidal silica.
• colloidal silica In the emulsification step, this is present as an aqueous dispersion with Si ⁇ 2 as the basic unit of the solid core particles.
• colloidal silica is classified into acidic and alkaline subclasses based upon its characteristics and any of them may be appropriately selected and used depending upon the condition for the emulsification polymerisation.
• the emulsifying surfactant should be an anionic surfactant, and conversely, when using an alkaline silica, the emulsifying surfactant should be a cationic surfactant, in order to keep the silica in a stable state.
• the emulsifying surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
• silica preferably acidic silica is used.
• the solid core particles are mixed with an organosiloxane component in an organic solvent, free of any surfactant.
• the resulting coated particles are typically precipitated out of the organic solvent, washed and redispersed in water with a suitable emulsifying surfactant to form an aqueous emulsion.
• Preferred methods for preparing coated particles according to this system are described in Pyun et al . (2001) Polym . Prepr. (Am. Chem . Soc, Div. Polym. Chem . ) , Vol. 42(1), 223.
• a suitable method for preparing "smaller" coated particles, for example in which the solid core particles have a D3 , 2 average particle size of 10 to 20 nm. is a microemulsion process.
• An example of a suitable microemulsion process for the preparation of silica solid cores coated with silicone polymer is as follows. Silica colloid is prepared in an aqueous medium (e.g. 6 mM NaOH) by the reaction of methyltrimethoxysilane within micelles in the presence of an emulsifying surfactant (e.g. a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant) . The presence of the surfactant around the particles prevents large-scale flocculation.
• an emulsifying surfactant e.g. a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant
• the surface silanol groups of the silica colloid are silylised. Firstly, whilst still in the aqueous medium, surface silanol groups are reacted with methoxytrimethylsilane to generate trimethylsilyl groups. The particles are then precipitated into an appropriate organic solvent (e.g. methanol) to remove the surfactant, and subsequently redispersed in an appropriate organic solvent (e.g. tetrahydofurnan) . The transfer from aqueous to organic solvent is necessary to achieve complete silylisation of the surface silanol groups and thus obtain stable colloids.
• an appropriate organic solvent e.g. methanol
• any residual silanol groups are deactivated and 2-bromoisobutyrate groups incorporated onto the surface of the particles by reacting the colloid particles in an appropriate organic solvent with 3- (2- bromoisobutyryloxy) -propylchlorodimethylsilane and 1, 1, 1, 3 , 3 , -hexamethyldisilazane .
• the functionalised silica colloids can then be purified by precipitation, e.g. in methanol, and dialysis in acetone.
• the functionalised silica colloids are then coated by reaction with organosiloxane units in an atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) to form coated particles.
• ATRP atom transfer radical polymerisation
• coated particles are finally precipitated out of the organic solvent, for example, into methanol, washed (e.g. with acetone) and redispersed in water with a suitable emulsifying surfactant to form an aqueous pre-emulsion of coated particles.
• the emulsifying surfactant present in the aqueous pre-emulsion of coated particles is an anionic surfactant.
• the pre-emulsions of the coated particles have a tendency to be either acidic or alkaline in nature. In order to keep them stable over a long period, they are neutralised by adding alkali or acid.
• alkali neutralising agents are sodium hydroxide, thorium carbonate, thorium bicarbonate and triethanolamine .
• suitable acidic neutralising agents are hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid.
• compositions in accordance with the invention are formulated as shampoos for the treatment of hair and subsequent rinsing.
• compositions according to the present invention comprise at least 5 wt% of a cleansing anionic surfactant.
• Shampoo compositions according to the invention comprise one or more cleansing anionic surfactants which are cosmetically acceptable and suitable for topical application to the hair.
• anionic cleansing surfactants are the alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkanoyl isethionates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alpha- olefin sulphonates, especially their sodium, magnesium, ammonium and mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts.
• the alkyl and acyl groups generally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and may be unsaturated.
• the alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates may contain from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule.
• Typical anionic cleansing surfactants for use in shampoo compositions of the invention include sodium oleyl succinate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauryl isethionate and sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate.
• the most preferred anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate (n) EO, (where n ranges from 1 to 3) , ammonium lauryl sulphate and ammonium lauryl ether sulphate (n) EO, (where n ranges from 1 to 3) .
• the total amount of anionic cleansing surfactant in shampoo compositions of the invention is from 5 to 30, preferably from 6 to 20, more preferably from 8 to 16 wt%.
• the shampoo composition can optionally include co- surfactants, to help impart aesthetic, physical or cleansing properties to the composition.
• co- surfactants to help impart aesthetic, physical or cleansing properties to the composition.
• a preferred example is an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, which can be included in an amount ranging from 0 to about 8, preferably from 1 to 4 wt%.
• amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants include alkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines (sultaines) , alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkylamphoglycinates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates, wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 19 carbon atoms.
• Typical amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants for use in shampoos of the invention include lauryl amine oxide, cocodimethyl sulphopropyl betaine and preferably lauryl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium cocamphopropionate .
• Another preferred example is a nonionic surfactant, which can be included in an amount ranging from 0 to 8, preferably from 2 to 5 wt%.
• nonionic surfactants include mono- or di-alkyl alkanolamides . Examples include coco mono- or di- ethanolamide and coco mono-isopropanolamide.
• Further nonionic surfactants which can be included in shampoo compositions of the invention are the alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) .
• the APG is one which comprises an alkyl group connected (optionally via a bridging group) to a block of one or more glycosyl groups.
• Preferred APGs are defined by the following formula:
• R is a branched or straight chain alkyl group which may be saturated or unsaturated and G is a saccharide group.
• R may represent a mean alkyl chain length of from about C 5 to about C 20 -
• R represents a mean alkyl chain length of from about C ⁇ to about C 12 ⁇
• G may be selected from C 5 or Q monosaccharide residues, and is preferably a glucoside.
• G may be selected from the group comprising glucose, xylose, lactose, fructose, mannose and derivatives thereof.
• G is glucose.
• the degree of polymerisation, n may have a value of from about 1 to about 10 or more.
• the value of n lies in the range of from about 1.1 to about 2.
• Most preferably the value of n lies in the range of from about 1.3 to about 1.5.
• Suitable alkyl polyglycosides for use in the invention are commercially available and include for example those materials identified as: Oramix NS10 ex Seppic; Plantaren 1200 and Plantaren 2000 ex Henkel .
• sugar-derived nonionic surfactants which can be included in shampoo compositions of the invention include the ⁇ o ⁇ i 8 N-alkyl (C_-C 6 ) polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, such as the C 12 -C 18 N-methyl glucamides, as described for example in WO 92 06154 and US 5 194 639, and the N-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, such as Cio-Ci ⁇ N- (3-methoxypropyl) glucamide .
• C_-C 6 N-alkyl
• the shampoo composition can also optionally include one or more cationic co-surfactants included in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 10, more preferably from 0.05 to 5, most preferably from 0.05 to 2 wt%.
• Cationic surfactants useful in compositions of the invention contain amino or quaternary ammonium hydrophilic moieties which are positively charged when dissolved in the aqueous composition of the present invention.
• the total amount of surfactant (including any co-surfactant, and/or any emulsifier) in shampoo compositions of the invention is generally from 5 to 50, preferably from 5 to 30, more preferably from 10 to 25 wt%.
• Optional Components are generally from 5 to 50, preferably from 5 to 30, more preferably from 10 to 25 wt%.
• compositions according to the invention may be mentioned the following conventional adjunct materials known for use in shampoo compositions: cationic polymers, suspending agents, conditioning agents, thickeners, pearlescing agents, opacifiers, salts, perfumes, buffering agents, colouring agents, emollients, moisturisers, foam stabilisers, sunscreen materials, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, antioxidants.
• adjunct materials known for use in shampoo compositions: cationic polymers, suspending agents, conditioning agents, thickeners, pearlescing agents, opacifiers, salts, perfumes, buffering agents, colouring agents, emollients, moisturisers, foam stabilisers, sunscreen materials, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, antioxidants.
• compositions according to the present invention comprise a cationic polymer for enhancing conditioning performance of the shampoo .
• the cationic polymer may be a homopolymer or be formed from two or more types of monomers.
• the molecular weight of the polymer will generally be between 5 000 and 10 000 000, typically at least 10 000 and preferably in the range 100 000 to about 2 000 000.
• the polymers will have cationic nitrogen containing groups such as quaternary ammonium or protonated amino groups , or a mixture thereof .
• the cationic nitrogen-containing group will generally be present as a substituent on a fraction of the total monomer units of the cationic polymer. Thus when the polymer is not a homopolymer it can contain spacer non-cationic monomer units. Such polymers are described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Directory, 3rd edition. The ratio of the cationic to non-cationic monomer units is selected to give a polymer having a cationic charge density in the required range.
• Suitable cationic conditioning polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities with water soluble spacer monomers such as (meth) acrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl (meth) acrylamides, alkyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl caprolactone and vinyl pyrrolidine.
• the alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have C1-C7 alkyl groups, more preferably Cl-3 alkyl groups.
• Other suitable spacers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol .
• the cationic amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines, depending upon the particular species and the pH of the composition. In general secondary and tertiary amines, especially tertiary, are preferred.
• Amine substituted vinyl monomers and amines can be polymerized in the amine form and then converted to ammonium by quaternization.
• the cationic conditioning polymers can comprise mixtures of monomer units derived from amine- and/or quaternary ammonium-substituted monomer and/or compatible spacer monomers .
• Suitable cationic conditioning polymers include, for example : copolymers of l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine and 1-vinyl -3- methyl-imidazolium salt (e.g. chloride salt), referred to in the industry by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-16.
• CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association
• This material is commercially available from BASF Wyandotte Corp. (Parsippany, NJ, USA) under the LUVIQUAT tradename (e.g. LUVIQUAT FC 370);
• cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers including, for example, dimethyldiallyammonium chloride homopolymer and copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 6 and Polyquaternium 7, respectively;
• cationic conditioning polymers that can be used include cationic polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives, and cationic guar gum derivatives.
• cationic polysaccharide polymers have a charge density in the range from 0.1 to 4 meq/g .
• Cationic polysaccharide polymers suitable for use in compositions of the invention include those of the formula;
• A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residual.
• R is an alkylene, oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene
• R , R and R independently represent alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms .
• R is preferably about 20 or less, and X is an anionic counterion.
• Cationic cellulose is available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, NJ, USA) in their Polymer JR (trade mark) and LR (trade mark) series of polymers, as salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 10.
• CTFA trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide
• Another type of cationic cellulose includes the polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, NJ, USA) under the tradename Polymer LM-200.
• Suitable cationic polysaccharide polymers include quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers (e.g. as described in U.S. Patent 3,962,418), and copolymers of etherified cellulose and starch (e.g. as described in U.S. Patent 3,958,581).
• a particularly suitable type of cationic polysaccharide polymer that can be used is a cationic guar gum derivative, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (commercially available from Rhone-Poulenc in their JAGUAR trademark series) .
• Examples are JAGUAR C13S, which has a low degree of substitution of the cationic groups and high viscosity.
• JAGUAR C15 having a moderate degree of substitution and a low viscosity
• JAGUAR C17 high degree of substitution, high viscosity
• JAGUAR C16 which is a hydroxypropylated cationic guar derivative containing a low level of substituent groups as well as cationic quaternary ammonium groups
• JAGUAR 162 which is a high transparency, medium viscosity guar having a low degree of substitution.
• the cationic conditioning polymer is selected from cationic cellulose and cationic guar derivatives.
• Particularly preferred cationic polymers are JAGUAR C13S, JAGUAR C15, JAGUAR C17 and JAGUAR C16 and JAGUAR C162.
• the cationic conditioning polymer will generally be present in compositions of the invention at levels of from 0.01 to 5, preferably from 0.05 to 1, more preferably from 0.08 to 0.5 wt%.
• the shampoo compositions of this invention further comprises from 0.1 to 5 wt% of a suspending agent for the coated particles.
• Suitable suspending agents are selected from polyacrylic acids, cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid with a hydrophobic monomer, copolymers of carboxylic acid-containing monomers and acrylic esters, cross-linked copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylate esters, heteropolysaccharide gums and crystalline long chain acyl derivatives.
• the long chain acyl derivative is desirably selected from ethylene glycol stearate, alkanolamides of fatty acids having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof. Ethylene glycol distearate and polyethylene glycol
• Polyacrylic acid is available commercially as Carbopol 420, Carbopol 488 or Carbopol 493.
• Polymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with a polyfunctional agent may also be used, they are available commercially as Carbopol 910, Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 941 and Carbopol 980.
• An example of a suitable copolymer of a carboxylic acid containing a monomer and acrylic acid esters is Carbopol 1342. All Carbopol (trade mark) materials are available from Goodrich.
• Suitable cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid and acrylate esters are Pemulen TR1 or Pemulen TR2.
• a suitable heteropolysaccharide gum is xanthan gum, for example that available as Kelzan mu.
• the suspending agent for the coated particles is preferably a polymeric suspending agent .
• compositions of this invention also contain one or more conditioning agents selected from silicone conditioning agents and non-silicone oily conditioning agents.
• a particularly preferred conditioning agent is a silicone.
• the droplets When conditioning agent is present in the shampoo compositions in droplet form, the droplets may be liquid, semi-solid or solid in nature, so long as they are substantially uniformly dispersed in the fully formulated product. Any droplets of oily conditioning agent are preferably present as either liquid or semi-solid droplets, more preferably as liquid droplets.
• compositions of the invention can contain, emulsified droplets of a silicone conditioning agent, for enhancing conditioning performance.
• a silicone conditioning agent for enhancing conditioning performance.
• the silicone is insoluble in the aqueous matrix of the composition and so is present in an emulsified form, with the silicone present as dispersed droplets .
• Suitable silicones include polydiorganosiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes which have the CTFA designation dimethicone. Also suitable for use compositions of the invention (particularly shampoos and conditioners) are polydimethyl siloxanes having hydroxyl end groups, which have the CTFA designation dimethiconol . Also suitable for use in compositions of the invention are silicone gums having a slight degree of cross-linking, as are described for example in WO 96/31188. These materials can impart body, volume and stylability to hair, as well as good wet and dry conditioning.
• the viscosity of the emulsified silicone itself (not the emulsion or the final hair conditioning composition) is typically at least 10,000 cst. In general we have found that conditioning performance increases with increased viscosity. Accordingly, the viscosity of the silicone itself is preferably at least 60,000 cst, most preferably at least 500,000 cst, ideally at least 1,000,000 cst.
• the viscosity does not exceed 10 cst for ease of formulation.
• Emulsified silicones for use in the shampoo compositions of the invention will typically have an average silicone droplet size in the composition of less than 30, preferably less than 20, more preferably less than 10 ⁇ m. We have found that reducing the droplet size generally improves conditioning performance. Most preferably the average silicone droplet size of the emulsified silicone in the composition is less than 2 ⁇ m, ideally it ranges from 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m. Silicone emulsions having an average silicone droplet size of ⁇ 0.15 ⁇ m are generally termed microemulsions .
• Suitable silicone emulsions for use in the invention are also commercially available in a pre-emulsified form.
• Suitable pre-formed emulsions include emulsions DC2-1766, DC2-1784, and microemulsions DC2-1865 and DC2- 1870, all available from Dow Corning. These are all emulsions/microemulsions of dimethiconol.
• Cross-linked silicone gums are also available in a pre-emulsified form, which is advantageous for ease of formulation.
• a preferred example is the material available from Dow Corning as DC X2-1787, which is an emulsion of cross-linked dimethiconol gum.
• a further preferred example is the material available from Dow Corning as DC X2-1391, which is a microemulsion of cross-linked dimethiconol gum.
• a further preferred class of silicones for inclusion in shampoos and conditioners of the invention are amino functional silicones.
• amino functional silicone is meant a silicone containing at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine group, or a quaternary ammonium group.
• suitable amino functional silicones include:
• x and y are numbers depending on the molecular weight of the polymer, generally such that the molecular weight is between about 5,000 and 500,000.
• G is selected from H, phenyl , OH or C _g alkyl, e.g. methyl; a is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3 , preferably 0 ; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; m and n are numbers such that (m + n) can range from 1 to
• R is a monovalent radical of formula -CqH 2q L in which q is a number from 2 to 8 and L is an aminofuctional group selected from the following: -NR -CH 2 -CH 2 -N(R ) 2
• R is selected from H, phenyl , benzyl, or a saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical, e.g. C 1 - 20 alkyl, and A is a halide ion, e.g. chloride or bromide.
• Suitable amino functional silicones corresponding to the above formula include those polysiloxanes termed “trimethylsilylamodimethicone” as depicted below, and which are sufficiently water insoluble so as to be useful in compositions of the invention:
• x + y is a number from about 50 to about 500, and wherein R is an alkylene group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
• the number x + y is in the range of from about 100 to about 300.
• R and R may be the same or different and may be independently selected from H, saturated or unsaturated long or short chain alk(en)yl, branched chain alk(en)yl and Cs-Cg cyclic ring systems;
• R thru' R may be the same or different and may be independently selected from H, straight or branched chain lower alk(en)yl, and C 5 -C 8 cyclic ring systems;
• n is a number within the range of about 60 to about 120, preferably about 80, and
• X is preferably acetate, but may instead be for example halide, organic carboxylate, organic sulphonate or the like.
• Suitable quaternary silicone polymers of this class are described in EP-A-0 530 974.
• Amino functional silicones suitable for use in shampoos and conditioners of the invention will typically have a mole % amine functionality in the range of from about 0.1 to about 8.0 mole %, preferably from about 0.1 to about 5.0 mole %, most preferably from about 0.1 to about 2.0 mole %.
• the amine concentration should not exceed about 8.0 mole % since we have found that too high an amine concentration can be detrimental to total silicone deposition and therefore conditioning performance.
• the viscosity of the amino functional silicone is not particularly critical and can suitably range from about 100 to about 500,000 cst.
• amino functional silicones suitable for use in the invention are the aminosilicone oils DC2-8220, DC2-8166, DC2-8466, and DC2-8950-114 (all ex Dow Corning), and GE 1149-75, (ex General Electric Silicones) .
• emulsions of amino functional silicone oils with non ionic and/or cationic surfactant are also suitable.
• Such pre-formed emulsions will have an average amino functional silicone droplet size in the shampoo composition of less than 30, preferably less than 20, more preferably less than 10 ⁇ m. Again, we have found that reducing the droplet size generally improves conditioning performance. Most preferably the average amino functional silicone droplet size in the composition is less than 2 ⁇ m ideally it ranges from 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
• Pre-formed emulsions of amino functional silicone are also available from suppliers of silicone oils such as Dow Corning and General Electric. Specific examples include DC929 Cationic Emulsion, DC939 Cationic Emulsion, and the non-ionic emulsions DC2-7224, DC2-8467, DC2-8177 and DC2- 8154 (all ex Dow Corning) .
• a quaternary silicone polymer useful in the present invention is the material K3474, ex Goldschmidt.
• a combination of amino functional and non-amino functional silicone in compositions of the invention, especially when these are in the form of shampoo compositions.
• the weight ratio of amino functional silicone to non-amino functional silicone will typically range from 1:2 to 1:20, preferably 1:3 to 1:20, more preferably 1:3 to 1:8.
• the total amount of silicone incorporated into compositions of the invention depends on the level of conditioning desired and the material used. A preferred amount is from 0.01 to 10 wt% although these limits are not absolute. The lower limit is determined by the minimum level to achieve conditioning and the upper limit by the maximum level to avoid making the hair and/or skin unacceptably greasy.
• a total amount of silicone of from 0.1 to 5, preferably from 0.3 to 3 wt% is a suitable level.
• a particularly suitable range for use in compositions of the present invention is from 0.1 to 1 wt%, especially when using coated particles at a level of no more than 1 wt%.
• the viscosity of silicones and silicone emulsions can be measured by means of a glass capillary viscometer as set out further in Dow Corning Corporate Test Method CTM004, July 20 1970.
• compositions comprising silicone it is preferred that a suspending agent for the silicone also be present. Suitable suspending agents are as described hereinabove.
• compositions according to the present invention may also comprise a dispersed, non-volatile, water- insoluble oily conditioning agent.
• This component will be dispersed in the composition in the form of droplets, which form a separate, discontinuous phase from the aqueous, continuous phase of the composition.
• the oily conditioning agent will be present in the shampoo composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.
• insoluble is meant that the material is not soluble in water (distilled or equivalent) at a concentration of 0.1% (w/w) , at 250°C.
• the D 3(2 average droplet size of the oily conditioning component is at least 0.4, preferably at least 0.8, and more preferably at least 1 ⁇ m. Additionally, the D 3 , 2 average droplet size of the oily conditioning component is preferably no greater than 10, more preferably no greater 8, more preferably no greater than 5, yet more preferably no greater than 4, and most preferably no greater than 3.5 ⁇ m.
• the oily conditioning agent may suitably be selected from oily or fatty materials, and mixtures thereof. Oily or fatty materials are preferred conditioning agents in the shampoo compositions of the invention for adding shine to the hair and also enhancing dry combing and dry hair feel.
• Preferred oily and fatty materials will generally have a viscosity of less than 5 Pa.s, more preferably less than 1 Pa.s, and most preferably less than 0.5 Pa.s, e.g. 0.1 Pa.s and under as measured at 25°C with a Brookfield Viscometer (e.g. Brookfield RV) using spindle 3 operating at 100 rpm.
• a Brookfield Viscometer e.g. Brookfield RV
• Oily and fatty materials with higher viscosities may be used.
• materials with viscosities as high as 65 Pa.s may be used.
• the viscosity of such materials i.e. materials with viscosities of 5 Pa.s and greater
• Suitable oily or fatty materials are selected from hydrocarbon oils, fatty esters and mixtures thereof.
• Hydrocarbon oils include cyclic hydrocarbons, straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated) , and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated) .
• Straight chain hydrocarbon oils will preferably contain from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms.
• Branched chain hydrocarbon oils can and typically may contain higher numbers of carbon atoms.
• polymeric hydrocarbons of alkenyl monomers such as C 2 -C6 alkenyl monomers . These polymers can be straight or branched chain polymers.
• the straight chain polymers will typically be relatively short in length, having a total number of carbon atoms as described above for straight chain hydrocarbons in general .
• the branched chain polymers can have substantially higher chain length.
• the number average molecular weight of such materials can vary widely, but will typically be up to about 2000, preferably from about 200 to about 1000, more preferably from about 300 to about 600.
• hydrocarbon oils include paraffin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, and mixtures thereof.
• Branched-chain isomers of these compounds, as well as of higher chain length hydrocarbons, can also be used.
• Exemplary branched-chain isomers are highly branched saturated or unsaturated alkanes, such as the permethyl-substituted isomers, e.g., the permethyl- substituted isomers of hexadecane and eicosane, such as 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane, sold by Permethyl Corporation.
• a further example of a hydrocarbon polymer is polybutene, such as the copolymer of isobutylene and butene.
• a commercially available material of this type is L-14 polybutene from Amoco Chemical Co. (Chicago, 111., U.S.A.).
• Particularly preferred hydrocarbon oils are the various grades of mineral oils.
• Mineral oils are clear oily liquids obtained from petroleum oil, from which waxes have been removed, and the more volatile fractions removed by distillation. The fraction distilling between 250°C to 300°C is termed mineral oil, and it consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C 16 H 34 to C 21 H 44 .
• Suitable commercially available materials of this type include Sirius M85 and Sirius M125, all available from Silkolene.
• Suitable fatty esters are characterised by having at least 10 carbon atoms, and include esters with hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols, e.g., monocarboxylic acid esters, polyhydric alcohol esters, and di- and tricarboxylic acid esters.
• the hydrocarbyl radicals of the fatty esters hereof can also include or have covalently bonded thereto other compatible functionalities, such as amides and alkoxy moieties, such as ethoxy or ether linkages .
• Monocarboxylic acid esters include esters of alcohols and/or acids of the formula R'COOR in which R' and R independently denote alkyl or alkenyl radicals and the sum of carbon atoms in R' and R is at least 10, preferably at least 20.
• alkyl and alkenyl esters of fatty acids having aliphatic chains with from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms and alkyl and/or alkenyl fatty alcohol carboxylic acid esters having an alkyl and/or alkenyl alcohol -derived aliphatic chain with about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms, benzoate esters of fatty alcohols having from about 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the monocarboxylic acid ester need not necessarily contain at least one chain with at least 10 carbon atoms, so long as the total number of aliphatic chain carbon atoms is at least 10.
• Examples include isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl myristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, and oleyl adipate.
• Di- and trialkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids can also be used. These include, for example, esters of C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acids such as C 1 -C 22 esters (preferably C ⁇ - CQ ) of succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, and octanoic acid. Examples include diisopropyl adipate, diisohexyl adipate, and diisopropyl sebacate. Other specific examples include isocetyl stearoyl stearate, and tristearyl citrate.
• Polyhydric alcohol esters include alkylene glycol esters, for example ethylene glycol mono and di-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol monooleate, polypropylene glycol monostearate, ethoxylated propylene glycol monostearate, polyglycerol poly- fatty acid esters, ethoxylated glyceryl monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and mono-, di-and triglycerides .
• alkylene glycol esters for example ethylene glycol mono and di-fatty acid esters, diethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, poly
• Particularly preferred fatty esters are mono-, di- and triglycerides, more specifically the mono-, di-, and tri- esters of glycerol and long chain carboxylic acids such as
• C 1 -C 22 carboxylic acids C 1 -C 22 carboxylic acids.
• a variety of these types of materials can be obtained from vegetable and animal fats and oils, such as coconut oil, castor oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, lanolin and soybean oil.
• Synthetic oils include triolein and tristearin glyceryl dilaurate.
• preferred materials include cocoa butter, palm stearin, sunflower oil, soyabean oil and coconut oil.
• the oily or fatty material is suitably present at a level of from 0.05 to 10, preferably from 0.2 to 5, more preferably from about 0.5 to 3 wt%.
• compositions of this invention preferably contain no more than 3 wt% of a styling polymer, more preferably less than 1% of a styling polymer, preferably contain less than 0.1% by weight a styling polymer, and optimally are free of styling polymer.
• Adjuvants preferably contain no more than 3 wt% of a styling polymer, more preferably less than 1% of a styling polymer, preferably contain less than 0.1% by weight a styling polymer, and optimally are free of styling polymer.
• compositions of the present invention may also contain adjuvants suitable for hair care.
• adjuvants suitable for hair care Generally such ingredients are included individually at a level of up to 2, preferably up to 1 wt% of the total composition.
• Suitable hair care adjuvants are:
• natural hair root nutrients such as amino acids and sugars.
• suitable amino acids include arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, serine and valine, and/or precursors and derivatives thereof.
• the amino acids may be added singly, in mixtures, or in the form of peptides, e.g. di- and tripeptides.
• the amino acids may also be added in the form of a protein hydrolysate, such as a keratin or collagen hydrolysate .
• Suitable sugars are glucose, dextrose and fructose. These may be added singly or in the form of, e.g. fruit extracts.
• a particularly preferred combination of natural hair root nutrients for inclusion in compositions of the invention is isoleucine and glucose.
• a particularly preferred amino acid nutrient is arginine.
• Ceramides for moisturising the fibre and maintaining cuticle integrity.
• Ceramides are available by extraction from natural sources, or as synthetic ceramides and pseudoceramides .
• a preferred ceramide is Ceramide II, ex Quest.
• Mixtures of ceramides may also be suitable, such as Ceramides LS, ex Laboratoires Serobi unanimouss .
• Coated particles comprising solid silica cores and silicone coating polymer as described in JP 10144622 were used. Two types of coated particles emulsions were used, the details of which are as follows:
• compositions 15, 16 and 17 were assessed in a salon half- head panel test, involving about 50 panellists.
• a stylist washed half the hair with one test composition and half the hair with either another test composition or the control composition.
• the panellists dried their own hair and were asked to evaluate a series of styling attributes associated with the body of the dried hair, each attribute being scored on a sliding numerical scale.
• test compositions 16 and 17 won on all five "body” attributes when compared with the control composition 15

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