Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
  • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
  • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
  • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/4807—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode having a high frequency intermediate AC stage
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
  • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
  • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
  • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

• the invention relates to an inverter, a DC-DC converter and a method for regulating an inverter and / or a DC-DC converter, as described in the preambles of claims 1, 2 and 8.
• Inverters are already known in which an energy source, in particular a solar module, is connected to a DC-DC converter.
• the DC-DC converter is connected to an intermediate circuit which is formed from one or more capacitors.
• a DC-AC converter is connected to the intermediate circuit, the output of the DC-AC converter being connected to an AC voltage network for energy supply or at least to a consumer.
• the DC-DC converter is designed to supply a DC voltage and the DC-AC converter to supply an AC voltage.
• DC-DC converters which are constructed from a bridge circuit, a transformer and a rectifier.
• the bridge circuit is controlled by a controller or a control device with pulse width modulation, so that an approximately constant output voltage is supplied at the output of the DC-DC converter.
• the transformer is designed for a certain transmission ratio, this being chosen for the smallest input voltage from the energy source.
• the transformer is operated unfavorably by the fixed transmission ratio.
• the pulse duty factor of the pulse width modulation for the upstream bridge circuit is getting smaller, which leads to poor utilization of the transformer and thus to poor efficiency.
• the peak output voltage at the inverter becomes disproportionately high, which places increased demands on the load-bearing capacity of the components and thus drives up the prices for the oversized components, in particular the downstream rectifier diodes.
• the invention has for its object to provide an inverter and / or a DC-DC converter and a method for controlling an inverter and / or a DC-DC converter, in which the DC-DC converter or the transformer the voltage applied, in particular to the input voltage, is adapted.
• This object of the invention is achieved in such a way that a transformer of the DC-DC converter has a plurality of primary windings for different input voltage ranges on the primary side and the primary windings can be connected in series according to the level of the input voltage supplied via at least one switching device, with which different transmission ratios can be set are.
• the inverter or the DC-DC converter can cover a wide input voltage range without major disadvantages, since the transformation ratio of the transformer can be adapted to the input voltage present. This also ensures that the bridge circuit upstream of the transformer is always operated optimally.
• Another major advantage is that the downstream components can be dimensioned much smaller, since the DC-DC converter, in particular the output of the transformer, always delivers the same voltage regardless of the input voltage due to the adapted transmission ratio thus the components no longer reach the maximum expected
• Voltage level must be dimensioned by a fixed transmission ratio of the transformer.
• FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an inverter for a solar system with the essential components, in particular the DC-DC converter, in a simplified, schematic representation;
• Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a block diagram of the inverter for a solar system with the essential components, in particular the DC-DC converter, in a simplified, schematic representation.
• FIG. 1 and 2 show a conventional structure, in particular a block diagram, of an inverter system 1 with an inverter 2 (with dash-dotted lines). Since the individual components or assemblies and functions of the inverter system 1 are already known, they will not be discussed in more detail.
• the inverter 2 has, for example, a DC-DC converter 3 (with dashed lines), an intermediate circuit 4 and a DC-AC converter 5.
• An energy source 6 or an energy generator is connected to the DC-DC converter 3 and can be formed, for example, from one or more solar modules 7 connected in parallel and / or in series with one another, which are referred to as solar generators, or a battery (not shown) ,
• the outputs of the DC-AC converter 5 are connected, for example, to an AC voltage network 8 and / or one or more consumers 9, such as a refrigerator, a radio, etc.
• the DC-DC converter 3 is preferably formed at least from a bridge circuit 10, in particular from a full or half bridge, a switching device 11, a transformer 12 and a rectifier 13.
• the intermediate circuit 4 is constructed from one or more capacitors. So that a desired alternating voltage can be generated for the alternating voltage network 8 or the loads 9, the DC-AC converter 5 is formed by a corresponding inverter, which converts the direct voltage into an alternating voltage. Further components or assemblies, such as filters, smoothing capacitors, etc., are not shown in the exemplary embodiment shown.
• the inverter 2 has a regulator or a control device 14, which can be formed, for example, by a microprocessor, a microcontroller or a computer. Corresponding control of the individual - 4 -
• NEN modules in particular the switching elements arranged therein, are made.
• the individual regulating or control processes are stored in the control device 14 by means of corresponding software programs and / or data or characteristic curves.
• one or more measuring systems 15 for detecting the current and voltage are or are arranged at the most varied points of the inverter system 1 with the control device 14.
• a special DC-DC converter 3 in which the transformer 12 on the primary side 16 has a plurality of primary windings 17, 18 for different input voltage ranges and the primary windings 17, 18 according to the level of the input voltage supplied via at least one Switching device 11 can be switched in series, with which different transmission ratios can be set.
• the transformer 12 has at least two primary windings 17, 18 or a primary winding 17 with at least one center tap (not shown), with only a single secondary winding 20 or more on a secondary side 19 of the transformer 12
• Secondary windings 20 can be arranged.
• the primary windings 17, 18 and possibly 21 of the transformer are interconnected such that one connection - for example the winding end - of the primary winding 17 with one connection - for example the winding start - of the second primary winding 18 and optionally the further connection - for example the winding end -
• the second primary winding 18 is connected to a connection - for example the beginning of the winding - a further primary winding 21 etc.
• the switching device 11 is connected to the primary windings 17, 18, 21 in such a way that when switching or activating the switching device 11, which is triggered by individual switching elements 22 is constructed, a series connection of the primary windings 17, 18, 21 and thus one Change in the gear ratio of the transformer 12 takes place.
• the switching element 22 is arranged between the connections of the second primary winding 18. It is thus possible that with a normal input voltage, for example of 200 V DC, only one primary winding 17 is activated to generate an output voltage, for example of 380 V DC, as is the case with the switching element 22 with dashed lines, ie that the current flows only through the primary winding 17, since the further connection of the second primary winding 18 has no electrical connection with the upstream bridge circuit 10.
• the control device 14 activates the switching device 11, in particular the switching element 22, so that it is switched from the dashed position to the position drawn with full lines.
• an output voltage of, for example, 2 x 380 V DC would be achieved by doubling the input voltage. that is 760 V DC.
• the control of the components is changed by the control device 14 to such an extent that in turn only an output voltage of 380 V DC is calibrated, ie the pulse width or the pulse width for the upstream bridge circuit 10 is reduced so that for any further Adjustments can no longer be carried out in a meaningful way.
• the transmission ratio that is to say by connecting a plurality of primary windings 17, 18, 21 in series
• the reduction in the pulse width can be avoided in a simple form and thus a much better regulation or control of the inverter 1 or the DC-DC converter 3 can be achieved because the entire spectrum for the pulse width or pulse width is still available.
• the connection ratio is changed by switching on the further primary winding 18 in such a way that, for example, when the input voltage is doubled, ie from 200 V DC to 400 V
• the output voltage of, for example, 380 V DC remains the same, that is to say that in this case the transmission ratio from the primary side 16 to the secondary side 19 is reduced by adding further turns, in particular the primary winding 18, to the primary winding 17 on the primary side 16 and thus always the same output voltage is calibrated.
• the pulse duty factor of the pulse width modulation can always be operated in the vicinity of the optimum.
• each additional primary winding 18, 21 is in turn connected to the primary winding 17 in the case of a plurality of primary windings 17, 18, 21 can. It is therefore possible that any number of primary windings 17, 18, 21 can be used.
• the advantage of such a solution with more than two primary windings 17, 18, 21 is that an even better adaptation to the input voltage can be made, i.e. that a finer gradation is achieved for the input voltage range and thus the
• the input terminals of the transformer 12, in particular in front of the switching device 11, are again a suitable circuit connected upstream, which is controlled accordingly, in order to keep the output voltage of the DC-DC converter 3 approximately constant, ie that the transformer 12 of the DC-DC converter 3 is preferably connected upstream of a bridge circuit 10, in particular a full bridge or half bridge, which is pulse width modulated by a controller or the control device 14.
• a full-wave rectifier is usually arranged at the output of the transformer 12, that is to say on the secondary side 19.
• FIGS. 1, 2 can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention.
• the relevant tasks and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.
• Inverter system Inverter DC-DC converter DC link DC-AC converter Energy source Solar module AC voltage network Consumer Bridge circuit Switching device Transformer Rectifier Control device Measuring system Primary side Primary winding Primary winding Secondary side Secondary winding Primary winding Switching element

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
• Inverter Devices (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=3678098

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (6)

Citations (3)

• 2002
  • 2002-04-11 WO PCT/AT2002/000108 patent/WO2002087062A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-04-11 AU AU2002338437A patent/AU2002338437A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-04-11 EP EP02764021A patent/EP1380097A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-04-11 BR BR0208979-3A patent/BR0208979A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-04-11 CN CN028085361A patent/CN1528042B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events