WO2002085033A2 - Filigranage de contenu multimedia contenant moins d'informations de reference pour une qualite perceptive des mesures de service - Google Patents

Filigranage de contenu multimedia contenant moins d'informations de reference pour une qualite perceptive des mesures de service Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002085033A2
WO2002085033A2 PCT/JP2002/003405 JP0203405W WO02085033A2 WO 2002085033 A2 WO2002085033 A2 WO 2002085033A2 JP 0203405 W JP0203405 W JP 0203405W WO 02085033 A2 WO02085033 A2 WO 02085033A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
reference information
content
original content
communications device
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Application number
PCT/JP2002/003405
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English (en)
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WO2002085033A3 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Winkler
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Genista Corporation
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Publication date
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Priority to AU2002246353A priority Critical patent/AU2002246353A1/en
Publication of WO2002085033A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002085033A2/fr
Publication of WO2002085033A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002085033A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
    • H04N21/23892—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
    • H04N17/004—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for digital television systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H04N19/467—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to quality of service information and measurements and more particularly to the in-service transmission and use of reference information.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • QoS Quality of service
  • network QoS which relies on bit errors, packet losses, service availability, and related technological issues.
  • perceived QoS which considers the user's perceived quality experience. Whereas network QoS is more objective, perceived QoS is more subjective.
  • Perceived quality has traditionally been determined by means of various subjective experiments with humans. The average quality ratings resulting from such experiments are referred to as mean opinion scores ("MOS"). While subjective experiments are the most accurate way of measuring perceived quality, these techniques require a large number of participants, can only be carried out off-line, are time- consuming and expensive.
  • MOS mean opinion scores
  • Reduced-reference (“RR") information as opposed to full reference information, generally includes a limited number of characteristic values of the original content.
  • the characteristic values used as RR information are preferably characteristic values that are sensitive to deterioration during transmission.
  • RR information may include spectral components, variation of energy level, or energy distribution in the frequency domain, to name a few, of the original content.
  • RR quality metrics typically compare the RR information of the original content to RR information of the transmitted and received content to provide a prediction of the perceived quality of the received content (i.e., a predicted MOS).
  • Conventional techniques in this area lack a reliable, non-intrusive and in-service reduced- reference or full-reference quality metric for predicting the perceived quality of received content.
  • a reliable, in-service quality metric is essential for both service providers and customers for applications such as quality monitoring and control, service differentiation, quality-based billing, establishing and maintaining service level agreements, and network design and optimization.
  • Procedures for subjective experiments to determine the MOS of the perceived quality are well defined in, for example, ITU-T Rec. P.910, ITU-R Rec. BT.500, ITU-R Rec. BS.1116 and ITU-T Rec. P.800.
  • VQEG Video Quality Experts Group
  • the problem with RR quality measurements is getting the RR information from the sender to the receiver. If the compression and transmission methods are not known, as is often the case, the bitstream cannot be altered without damaging effects; hence no information can be added at this level.
  • RR quality metrics assume a special channel to be set aside for the RR information, which may not be available or practical. Adding such a channel would be intrusive on the encoder/transmission/decoder chain and would require modifications of the methods and standards used for compression and/or transmission.
  • the present invention is a method and system that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art by embedding reduced reference ("RR") information directly into multimedia data in the form of a watermark.
  • RR reduced reference
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the perceived quality may be measured in-service without the disadvantages described above in connection with conventional techniques.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that a special channel does not need to be set aside for the RR information.
  • a further advantage is that the present invention does not require extra synchronization of the RR information with the multimedia data.
  • Still another advantage of the present invention is that existing compression and transmission standards and methods may be used without modification.
  • an object of the invention to provide an improved system and method to measure the quality of service of a signal. It is a further object of the invention to provide a means to embed reduced reference (“RR") information directly into multimedia data in the form of a watermark.
  • RR reduced reference
  • the method includes the steps of creating the reference information of the original content, embedding the reference information as a watermark in the original content so that the perceptibility of the reference information is minimized, and transmitting a signal that includes the watermarked content, the original content and the reference information being transmitted.
  • the reference information includes one or more characteristic values of the original content.
  • a computer- readable medium containing a plurality of modules, for controlling a processor, the modules including instructions for performing the above method.
  • a communications device including a memory containing instructions for performing the above method and a processor that executes the executes the instructions contained by the memory.
  • the system includes a first communications device, which has a reference measurement unit that calculates the reference information of the original content, a embedder that embeds the reference information as a watermark in the original content so that the perceptibility of the embedded reference information to a user is minimized, the original content with the embedded reference information being watermarked content, and a transmitter that transmits a signal that includes the watermarked content, the original content and the reference information being transmitted.
  • a communications device for communicating reference information of original content.
  • the communications device has a receiver that receives a signal that includes watermarked received content, and an extractor that extracts the watermark from the received signal, the reference information being separated from the received content.
  • the watermarked received content includes a watermark that includes the reference information and the reference information includes one or more characteristic values of the original content.
  • the disclosed system and method makes use of mobile telephone networks.
  • Other communication networks i.e., circuit or packet-switched, public telephony, wireless, mobile, broadcast, Internet Protocol (IP), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), video, television, etc., could likewise be used.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • ATM asynchronous transfer mode
  • mobile networks are shown and referenced generally throughout this disclosure, and unless specifically noted, are intended to represent any and all networks appropriate to utilize the principles taught herein.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates in schematic diagram format a system for embedding reference information in the form of a watermark pursuant to the teachings of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a flowchart of a method for communicating reference information pursuant to the principles of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates in block diagram format a simplified communications network for practicing the teachings of the present invention
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates in block diagram format exemplary components of the communications network of FIGURE 3 for embedding reference information in the form of a watermark
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates in block diagram format further exemplary components of the communications network for FIGURE 3 for embedding reference information in the form of a watermark
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates in block diagram format still further exemplary components of the communications network of FIGURE 3 for embedding reference information in the form of a watermark. (Best Mode For Carrying Out the Invention)
  • RR information preferably includes a limited number of characteristic values of original content that are sensitive to deterioration during transmission.
  • the RR information may include spectral components, variation of energy level or energy distribution in the frequency domain, to name a few, of the original content.
  • the RR information is computed (RR creation 12) from the original multimedia content that is to be transmitted.
  • the RR information may be computed using known methods such as, for example, those described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent Nos. 5,596,364 and 5,867,813 or in the QUOVADIS Final Report, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • the original multimedia content may be any type of transmittable content, including, for example, video, audio, voice, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), or combinations thereof.
  • VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
  • the RR information is embedded in the multimedia content in the form of a watermark (watermark embedding 14), which may be performed according to known methods, such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,613,004, 5,748,763 and 5,748,783, which are also incorporated herein by reference. Since the RR information is embedded directly in the multimedia content, the RR information is automatically synchronized with the content. No additional synchronization information is needed, as will be discussed in more detail below in connection with FIGURE 4.
  • An encoder 16, as illustrated in FIGURE 1 encodes the multimedia content with the embedded watermark (watermarked content) employing conventional encoding methodologies. The encoded watermarked content is then transmitted via a network, generally designated by the reference numeral 18.
  • the network 18 may, therefore, be any transmission medium including, for example, circuit or packet-switched, public telephony, wireless, mobile, broadcast, Internet Protocol (IP), or asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • ATM asynchronous transfer mode
  • a decoder 22 At a receiver side, generally designated in FIGURE 1 by the reference numeral 20, a decoder 22 therein first decodes the received signal. The watermark containing the RR information is then extracted (watermark extraction 24) from the decoded multimedia content and is fed into an RR quality metric 26.
  • the watermark extraction 24 may be performed according to known methods, such as those described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent Nos. 5,613,004, 5,748,763 and 5,748,783, for example.
  • the encoder/channel/decoder chain is not affected in any way; the watermark embedding and extraction process is transparent to this chain.
  • the bitrate of the RR information is only a small fraction of the bitrate of the actual content, the watermark can be embedded in such a way that it is not perceptible to the user on the receiver side 20.
  • system 5 can be applied to any kind of multimedia content and is independent of the particular encoder 16, communications network 18 and decoder 20.
  • the methodology 30 illustrated in FIGURE 2 preferably includes a number of discrete steps implementing the respective aforementioned components illustrated in FIGURE 1, e.g., receiving the original content 32; creating RR information 34; embedding a RR watermark 36; encoding watermarked content into a signal 38; transmitting the encoded signal 40; receiving the encoded signal 42; decoding the received signal 44; extracting the aforementioned RR watermark 46; and performing a RR quality metric 48.
  • the step of receiving the original content 32 may include receiving an original content signal from an input device, such as an audio input device (e.g., a microphone) or a video input device (e.g., a digital camera), generally indicated herein as the aforementioned transmitter side 10 in FIGURE 1.
  • the step of creating the RR information 34 preferably includes calculating RR information from the received original content using conventional, known methods using, e.g., the aforedescribed RR creation 12 device of FIGURE 1.
  • creating RR information 34 may include measuring the spectral components, variation of energy level, or energy distribution in the frequency domain of the original content.
  • the step of embedding an RR watermark 36 preferably includes embedding the RR information created in step 34 in the original content.
  • the RR watermark may be embedded using conventional, known methods using, e.g., the watermark embedding 14 device of FIGURE 1.
  • an RR information signal created in step 34 may be embedded in an original content signal by switching between the original content signal and the RR information signal at predetermined times for a predetermined duration.
  • the embedding step 36 produces a watermarked signal therefrom, as is understood in the art.
  • the step of encoding watermarked content 38 includes encoding the watermarked signal in preparation for transmission using, e.g., the aforementioned encoder 16 of FIGURE 1.
  • Transmitting the encoded signal 40 preferably includes transmitting the encoded signal to a communications device (e.g., a mobile phone, video output, etc.), generally indicated herein as the aforementioned receiver side 20 in FIGURE 1.
  • the encoded signal is preferably transmitted to the receiver via a network., e.g., a telecommunications, video or other network 18.
  • the communications device 20 preferably receives the encoded signal 42 and decodes the received encoded signal 44.
  • the step of extracting the RR watermark 46 includes extracting RR information from the decoded signal using known methods of watermark extraction to produce a separated RR information signal and a received content signal.
  • the step of extracting the RR watermark 46 preferably corresponds to the process step of embedding the RR watermark 36. For example, if the method 30 embeds (step 36) the RR information signal into the original content signal at predetermined intervals for predetermined lengths of time, then extracting the RR watermark 46 separates the decoded signal at the predetermined intervals for the predetermined lengths of time to produce the received content signal and the separated RR information signal.
  • the step of performing an RR quality metric 48 preferably includes applying an RR quality metric to the received content signal using the extracted RR information to determine or measure a perceived quality of service.
  • Known RR quality metrics may be used.
  • the reduced reference of quality metric may predict an MOS by calculating new RR information from the received content signal and comparing the extracted RR information to the new RR information.
  • Exemplary RR quality metrics 48 are described in the aforementioned QUOVADIS Project Final Report, U.S. Patent No. 5,596,364, P. Bretillon, J. Baina: "Method for image quality on digital television networks", Proc. SPIE, vol. 3485, pp. 298-307, 1999, and U.S. Patent No. 5,867,813, as discussed hereinabove.
  • FIGURE 3 of the Drawings there is illustrated therein one embodiment of a communications network, generally designated by the reference numeral 100, utilizing the principles of the present invention.
  • a communications device 110 which is linked to a base station network 150, communicates to a communications device 120, which is also linked to the base station network 150.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • ATM asynchronous transfer mode
  • a communications device 110 which is linked to a base station network 150, communicates to a communications device 120, which is also linked to the base station network 150.
  • the communication between the components may be wireless or wireline.
  • the communications device 110 may correspond to the transmitter side 10 and the communications device 120 may correspond to the receiver side 20.
  • the base station network 150 generally corresponds to the network 18 of FIGURE 1.
  • communications device 110 transmits a signal, generally designated by the reference numeral 115, that is received by base station network 150, which then transmits the signal, generally designated by the reference numeral 125, to the communications device 120.
  • the number of communications devices linked to a base station is only limited by the configuration of the communications network 100.
  • a plurality of communications devices may be linked to the base station network 150.
  • communications device 110 may communicate with any of a plurality of communications devices linked to base station network 150.
  • communications network 100 is a wireless mobile communications network
  • communications device 110 is a wireless mobile telephone that transmits the signal 115 that corresponds to a voice transmission.
  • communications device 110 constitutes any device that transmits a multimedia signal that corresponds to video and audio transmissions. Consequently, the type of network communications network 100 determines the type of communications devices that are used (i.e., communications device 110 and communications device 120) therein.
  • the base station network 150 generally illustrated in FIGURE 3 includes a number of receivers, transmitters, transponders, and other known components that enable the communications network 100 to receive and transmit signals to the variety of communications devices linked thereto.
  • communications device 110 and communications device 120 include a number of receivers, transmitters and other known components that enable the communications device 110 and the communications device 120 to receive and transmit signals to and from the base station network 150 via the bidirectional signals 115 and 125, respectively.
  • the communications device 110 described in connection with FIGURE 3 is shown to include an RR measurement unit 230, a embedder 232, an encoder 234 and a transmitter 236 therein.
  • a content input device e.g., an audio or video input device
  • the RR measurement unit 230 therein intercepts the original content signal, generally indicated by the reference numeral 229', calculates RR information for the original content, and generates an RR information signal 231 therefrom.
  • Embedder 232 receives the original content signal 229 and the RR information signal 231 from the RR measurement unit 230, as illustrated in FIGURE 4. Embedder 232 embeds the RR information into the original content as a watermark, producing a watermarked signal, generally indicated by the reference numeral 233.
  • the RR information of the original content may be calculated using an RR measurement unit 230 (e.g., a device capable of measuring the spectral components, variation of energy level, or energy distribution in the frequency domain of the original content) located at the communications device 110 or at the network 150.
  • the RR measurement unit 230 shown within the communications device 110 in this embodiment, measures the RR information of the original content signal 229 and produces the RR information signal 231 therefrom, as described hereinabove.
  • the RR information signal 231 may be an N-bit signal where N is an integer from 1 to n. Generally, N is large enough to accommodate the RR information yet small enough so as to be imperceptible noise when embedded in the original content signal 229.
  • the type of original content e.g., audio or video
  • the bitrate, frame size, and visibility/robustness requirements of the original content determine how large N may be without being perceptible, i.e., without propagating perceptible noise.
  • watermarks for TV-quality video can contain up to a few hundred of bits per frame (corresponding to about 0.1% of the video bitrate).
  • audio N is lower than in video, since the bitrates of audio are generally lower.
  • the RR information is preferably embedded as a watermark into the original content.
  • the RR information may be embedded into the original content at the embedder 232 of the communications device 110 (or at the network 150) by simply switching between the original content signal and the RR information signal, at predetermined times for a predetermined duration (e.g., as determined by the length of the RR information signal).
  • a packet-switched network both the original content signal 229 and the embedded RR information signal 231 will exist within the same packet.
  • the original content signal 229 with the embedded RR information signal 231 is referred to as the watermarked signal.
  • the encoder 234 receives the watermarked signal 233 from the embedder 232 and encodes the watermarked signal, generating an encoded watermarked signal 235.
  • the transmitter 236 receives the encoded watermarked signal 235 from the encoder 234 and transmits the encoded watermarked signal 235, Le., a transmitted signal 237, to the network 150.
  • Transmitter 236 may be configured to only interface with a predetermined network 150.
  • network 100 may be a circuit or packet-switched, public telephony, wireless, mobile, broadcast, Internet Protocol (IP), or asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • ATM asynchronous transfer mode
  • Network 150 transmits the encoded watermarked signal 235 to the communications device 120, i.e., another transmitted signal 240.
  • the communications device 120 in this embodiment of the present invention includes a receiver 241, a decoder 242, an extractor 244, signal output unit 246, and an RR quality metric 248.
  • Receiver 241 receives the encoded watermarked signal 235, i.e., transmitted signal 240, from the network 150 and forwards the signal on to the decoder 242. It should be understood that the receiver 241 may be configured to only receive signals from a predetermined network.
  • Decoder 242 decodes the encoded watermarked signal 235, pursuant to the encoding scheme used with the encoder 234, and forwards the decoded signal, indicated by the reference numeral 243, to the signal output unit 246.
  • the signal output unit 246 receives the decoded signal 243 and outputs the received original content to an end user output device 250, via an output signal 251.
  • the output device 150 may be a video output, remote from the communications device 120, that outputs video.
  • the extractor 244 intercepts the decoded signal, designated by the reference numeral 243', and separates the embedded RR information and the received content signal, designated by the reference numerals 247 and 245, respectively. It should be understood that the extractor 244 extracts the decoded signal 243 to correspond to the same manner in which the embedder 232 embedded the RR information signal 231 as a watermark in the original content signal 229.
  • the extractor 244 separates the decoded signal 243 at the predetermined intervals for the predetermined lengths of time to produce the received content signal 245 and the separated RR information signal 247.
  • the RR quality metric unit 248 receives the separated RR information signal 247 and the received content signal 245 from the extractor 244. Upon receipt of the requisite information, the RR quality metric unit 248 compares received content signal 245 with the separated RR information 247 received from the extractor 244. As discussed hereinabove, the RR quality metric unit 248 may use known RR quality metrics to give predictions of perceived quality, such as by predicting a MOS. As is understood to one skilled in the art, the output of the RR quality metric unit 248 may be used for quality monitoring and control, service differentiation, quality-based billing, establishing and maintaining service level agreements, and network design and optimization.
  • the communications device 110 has the same components as described in FIGURE 4.
  • the receiver 241, of the communications device 120 receives the encoded watermarked signal 235, i.e., the transmitted signal 240, from the network 150 and forwards the signal onto the decoder 242.
  • the decoder 242 decodes the encoded watermarked signal 235, pursuant to the encoding scheme used with the encoder 234, and forwards the decoded signal 243 to the extractor 244.
  • Extractor 244 receives the decoded signal 243 from the decoder 242, and separates the embedded RR information signal 247 and the received content signal 245.
  • the signal output unit 246 receives the received content signal 245 from the extractor 244, and outputs the received original content to an end-user output device 250 via an output signal 251.
  • the RR quality metric 248 intercepts the received original content signal, generally designated by 245', receives the embedded RR information signal 247 from the extractor 244, and performs an RR quality metric as described above in FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 4 and FIGURE 5 show the RR information exchange taking place between the communications device 110 and communications device 120 and the RR quality metric being performed at the communications device 120.
  • this exchange may take place between the communications device 110 and the network 150 or between the network 150 and the communications device 120.
  • the components described above for calculating the RR information, embedding the RR information as a watermark, extracting the RR information and performing the RR quality metric may be located in the network 150 and communications device 120, as necessary.
  • FIGURE 248 may be located in the network 150. Further, the operations of the various components shown in FIGURE 4 and FIGURE 5 may be performed, in whole or in part, by a processor(s) executing instructions maintained on an associated memory(s) to perform such operations. With reference now to FIGURE 6 of the Drawings, there is illustrated therein such an embodiment with processor 300 and processor 310 executing instructions stored on memory 302 and memory 312, respectively, to perform the above operations. It should also be understood that bi-directional usage devices may employ all of the aforedescribed components therein to both encode/embed and decode/extract.
  • the objects of this invention may be accomplished utilizing components known in the art or specially manufactured. Furthermore, the objects of the present invention may be accomplished by the operation of computerized system components implementable in hardware or software or in combination. Accordingly, a computer readable medium storing a program or containing instructions for realizing the objects of the present invention may be produced and is disclosed. Likewise, a processor with a memory containing instructions for realizing the objects of the present invention may be produced and is disclosed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système, une méthode et un appareil de filigranage de contenu multimédia contenant moins d'informations de référence pour une qualité perceptive des mesures de service. Ce système et cette méthode permettent de mesurer la qualité perceptive du contenu multimédia en service. Le système, la méthode et l'appareil permettent d'obtenir ces avantages par création de l'information de référence à partir du contenu original, et par intégration de l'information de référence comme filigrane dans le contenu original de manière que la perceptibilité de l'information de référence par un utilisateur soit minimisée. Le contenu original contenant l'information de référence intégrée est transmis à un dispositif de réception dans lequel le filigrane est extrait du signal reçu, et l'information de référence contenue est utilisée pour déterminer la qualité perceptive du signal.
PCT/JP2002/003405 2001-04-09 2002-04-04 Filigranage de contenu multimedia contenant moins d'informations de reference pour une qualite perceptive des mesures de service WO2002085033A2 (fr)

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AU2002246353A AU2002246353A1 (en) 2001-04-09 2002-04-04 Watermarking multimedia content with reduced reference information for perceptual quality of service measurements

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US60/282,192 2001-04-09

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