WO2002081301A2

WO2002081301A2 - Multi-purpose search and rescue system

Info

Publication number: WO2002081301A2
Application number: PCT/GB2002/001456
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gregory Richard Harfield; Richard Watkinson
Original assignee: Gregory Richard Harfield; Richard Watkinson
Priority date: 2001-04-06
Filing date: 2002-03-26
Publication date: 2002-10-17
Also published as: GB0108647D0; WO2002081301A3; GB2374052B; GB2374052A

Abstract

There is disclosed a modular multi-purpose search rescue system comprising a board member (1), a viewing window (19) and a crook member (24). The board member (1) is adapted for passage over or flotation on ice or water or the like, and the crook member (24) may be fitted with various tools, including paddles, remote sensing equipment, cutting tools and others. Various control lines (42) may be provided, as may an elastomeric blanket for securing a casualty to the board member. Also disclosed is a boat (29) made up of at least one board member.

Description

MULTI-PURPOSE SEARCH AND RESCUE SYSTEM

Background of the Invention

This invention is a multi-purpose search and rescue system for use both in lifesaving and body recovery situations. The system is intended for use by front-line emergency service personnel in response to incidents requiring search and rescue operations to be carried out immediately on arrival at an incident scene. The rescue teams, who arrive first at an emergency search and rescue scene, have the best chance of achieving a successful search and rescue. This is because time is almost always of the essence in search and rescues. The purpose of this invention is to provide frontline rescue teams with a safe system of rescue for use when the chances of success are highest i.e. on first arrival at the rescue scene.

The invention provides a safe multi-purpose system for undertaking search and rescue operations in circumstances where the rescue or recovery entails moving across a hazardous surface which will not support the weight of the rescuer(s). For example search and rescue in water, ice covered water, mud, and snow conditions.

In addition the system is designed for search and rescue in generally inaccessible locations both above and below ground. Inaccessible locations above ground include water bounded by steep banks or walls e.g. reservoirs, canal locks. Below ground the system can be adapted quickly and easily for use in confined spaces such as tunnels, pipes, and subterranean waterways generally.

The Problem

The emergency services are expected to attend search and rescue incidents, above and below ground, which need to be carried out in still, moving and ice covered water, mud and snow ("hazardous surface conditions"). Each emergency search and rescue incident is by its very nature a unique situation. Clearly, it would be impossible practically to provide front-line emergency rescue teams with equipment and procedures, which have been designed, specifically for the particular requirements of each unique operational incident. A further practical constraint is that there is insufficient stowage space on emergency vehicles to carry every item of equipment that it may be desirous to have on first arrival at a particular incident.

Existing equipment can be used for search and rescue in hazardous surface conditions and includes such items as boats and scuba diving equipment. However, these items of equipment are almost always unavailable to front-line emergency service rescue teams on arrival at a lifesaving search and rescue operation.

The emergency services have few boats available to them and those that are available are difficult to transport and indeed are not carried on any front-line emergency vehicles. Inflatable boats are more easily carried on special rescue appliances, but still must be prepared for use thereby losing critical search and rescue time.

The use of boats (including inflatable boats) in search and rescue operations is in practice restricted to water only surface conditions. A boat is of no practical use in ice, mud or snow conditions. Boats are also heavy and cumbersome to manoeuvre and cannot realistically be carried any distance by hand and certainly cannot be carried over difficult terrain. For these reasons boats do not provide the rescuer with an item for generic use in a wide variety of search and rescue incidents.

Searching underwater without the aid of a boat, becomes a task for specially trained underwater divers who often take considerable time to arrive at the scene of rescue. Front-line emergency service rescue personnel generally are not trained underwater divers nor is scuba diving equipment carried on front-line emergency service vehicles. This invention describes a system, which provides a safe and controlled means of enabling front-line emergency services rescue personnel to attempt a lifesaving underwater search and rescue in a time critical situation.

In an underwater search and rescue incident the rescuer must assess the risk to himself (and any members of his team) of undertaking the search in, often cold and hazardous conditions, particularly where the exact location of the casualty can only be estimated. The rescuer, without dedicated equipment and training, must balance the risk to his safety against the prospects of success in locating and recovering the casualty in all the circumstances.

Until now there has been no accepted generic safe system of undertaking search and rescue operations in hazardous surface conditions above and below ground. In order to provide such a system, it is essential for the rescue personnel to be able to work as an effective and skilled team. This necessitates training on a safe system of search and rescue which can have generic application in any hazardous surface conditions whether above or below ground.

The use of this multi-purpose search and rescue system minimizes the rescuer's body's exposure to cold or hazardous surface conditions. Whilst on the board and moving across the surface in question, the rescuer's body is safely carried above the cold surface conditions. Furthermore by maintaining the rescuer on top of the hazardous surface at all times during the search and rescue operation, this avoids the risk to the rescuer of encountering sub-surface hazards. A rescuer on the surface remains within the sight and earshot of the supporting rescue team. This provides a safer system of rescue as it enables better communication between rescuer and supporting rescue team.

If a rescuer gets into difficulties the rescue team can pull the board (and rescuer) to safety quickly and easily. The use of multiple control lines around the board gives the rescue team greater choice of direction in which to pull the rescue board and rescuer. The use of the control line system provides greater maneuverability and control of the rescue board. This is particularly important in fast moving water conditions and the control line system and rescue board can be used in a manner which is far less strenuous for the supporting rescue team than existing methods.

For these reasons the emergency services would benefit from a generic safe system for undertaking lifesaving and body recovery search and rescue operations in any hazardous surface conditions, above and below ground. This ability to provide a rapid response in emergency lifesaving or body recovery situations will hopefully lessen the trauma experienced by relatives and friends witnessing a longer and possibly unsuccessful search for a body.

Summary of the Invention

Introduction

i order to carry out lifesaving search and rescue operations the emergency services need equipment, which is durable, maneuverable and light enough to be carried to the rescue scene quickly. Search and rescue locations, by their very nature, are often inaccessible to vehicles.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a search and rescue device comprising at least one board member, a viewing window provided in the at least one board member and having an elastomeric hood provided thereabout, and a crook member which is releasably attached to the rescue board.

The rescue board may be provided with a power supply. Preferably, optionally detachable runners may be provided on an underside of the rescue board so as to facilitate movement of the board over land or ice. Alternatively or in addition, one or more runners may be formed integrally with the underside of the board, for example by way of moulding. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rescue board comprising a least one board member, a power supply and a detachable pole member including a remote sensing instrument powered by the power supply.

The remote sensing instrument may be a video camera or a thermal imaging device. The rescue board is advantageously provided with at least one control line, which is extensible therefrom so as to allow the rescue board to be held steady and/or maneuvered by at least one person located at a distance from the rescue board.

The pole member may have a crooked portion at one end thereof so as to assist in recovering a person from under water or the like, and may also include a light source powered by the power supply. The light source and remote-sensing instrument are preferably provided at one end of the pole member. The pole member may additionally include a paddle at one or both ends thereof so as to be useable as an oar. The pole member may be telescopically extensible.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rescue board comprising at least one board member and a detachable elastomeric blanket adapted to wrap around and secure a casualty to the rescue board.

The rescue board advantageously further includes a power supply and a heating element which is operable to provide heat to a human or other casualty being rescued. The heating element may be disposed on or in the board member or, more preferably, may be located on or in the elastomeric blanket. In one embodiment, the heating element may be comprised as two or more pads for localised application of heat.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the elastomeric blanket is made out of neoprene or another insulating material. Advantageously, the rescue board is provided with a recess or projections on a first side thereof adapted to restrain or immobilise a human casualty.

Wheels may be provided on a second side of the rescue board opposed to the first so as to facilitate movement of the board over land or ice.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a search and rescue boat comprising at least one board member, a bow plate, transom and keel members, an inflated tube and an elastomeric floor incorporating transparent panels.

Any or all of the features of the first, second and third aspects of the present invention may also be provided in the boat of the fourth aspect.

The boat maybe provided with an outboard motor or similar source of propulsion.

The invention also includes certain embodiments which could be used for certain leisure pursuits.

The rescue board is designed to be light enough to be carried some distance over rough terrain at speed by one person. The board has numerous grab/carrying handles, two of which are located at the rescue board's centre of balance enabling the board to be carried one-handed. The board (and associated equipment) can be stowed on rescue vehicles (on the roof), due to its size and flat shape.

In essence the system employs a lightweight buoyant board (and associated equipment) which is capable of supporting the weight of a rescuer and casualty on any hazardous surface conditions. Through the use of a buoyant board the weight of the rescuer and casualty is spread over a larger surface area thereby enabling their safe transport across hazardous surface conditions, which would not ordinarily support such weight. The invention provides a safe, swift and effective search and rescue system for recovery of casualties who may be on or below hazardous surface conditions. The buoyant board is designed to travel over any hazardous surface conditions in an amphibious manner.

A key feature of the rescue board is that it can be used manned (i.e. with a rescuer on the board) or unmanned, and in either case controlled by supporting rescue team members using the control lines from a place of safety. A team of one or more rescuers, with the board in manned or unmanned use, can provide a controlled and therefore safer rescue system, which can be adapted quickly and easily to meet the requirements of the rescue scenario. The board and control line system allows a rescuer to move across the hazardous surface conditions in a safe and controlled manner. The safest way to travel across such environments is to remain on the surface, thereby avoiding sub-surface hazards and exposure to cold water conditions.

The board is safely and securely attached to the rescuer at all times via a leash. The leash provides the rescuer with a secure connection to the rescue board (which connection can be released quickly in an emergency) whilst at the same time minimising interference to a rescuer performing a search and rescue operation. If the rescuer becomes separated from the board the leash prevents loss of the buoyant rescue board, which is a particularly important safety feature for rescues in moving water conditions.

The Crook

Attached to the upper side of the board is an extendable (to approximately 4/5 metres), lightweight crook pole which can be used by the rescuer during both search and rescue operations. The crook pole has a multi-purpose role in aiding search and rescue. The crook pole can be used as a single or double ended extendable paddle, by the addition of one or two paddle heads (carried on the rescue board).

The rescuer can use the crook pole to assist him in recovering the casualty onto the rescue board. He can also use the crook pole to support, hold, grab, and snare the casualty with a lifeline.

The rescuer can also use the crook pole to recover a casualty from depth or from a hole in the ice (from a safe distance) whilst he remains on the board in relative safety.

As a searching device the crook pole provides the rescuer with a submersible:

> light source for searching underwater at varying depths;

(can be fitted with a) miniature camera using fibre optic technology to enable remote sub-surface viewing (including the ability to generate thermal images); and

sensor providing water depth and sub-surface temperature information;

If a miniature camera is fitted to the crook pole it is connected via a cable to a waterproof electronic display panel, which can be fitted, into the viewing panel as described below. The rescuer can view the miniature camera images and the depth and temperature information using the viewing panel in the same manner as he would when using the viewing panel in its conventional underwater viewing mode.

The crook pole can be quickly and easily adapted to provide a range of additional tools to assist the rescuer in freeing casualties trapped above or below the surface. For example the crook pole can be modified, by replacing the detachable ends with alternative tools, for use as a remote means of: > Punching to break glass or pierce metal in order to free a casualty or to enable the aeration of a vehicle compartment underwater;

> Cutting tool to free a trapped casualty, powered by the rescuer pulling a line to enable remote cutting;

Cutting by grinding, powered by compressed air from a cylinder located on the surface of the board;

> Prizing tool.

The crook pole may additionally be provided with an air line or the like, possibly connected to a pressurised container of gas such as air or oxygen or a suitable underwater breathing mixture. The air line may be used to supply air or oxygen to a casualty trapped in an underwater location, or may be used to inflate appropriate buoyancy aids such as life rafts or life jackets.

Searching for the casualty

The rescuer improves underwater searching on the rescue board at the surface, using the crook pole to search remotely underwater, which avoids disturbing any sediment at the bottom of the river or other body of water. Stirring up bottom sediment can adversely affect visibility and therefore location of a casualty.

The rescuer can use the board to search for casualties below the surface whilst lying or paddling in a prone position aided by an underwater viewing panel. The viewing panel has a soft rubber hood raised from the surface of the board, which cuts out glare and reflections. The rescuer can perform an extended search below the surface without having to submerge himself into the water and run the risk of encountering sub-surface hazards and exposure to cold water conditions. Rescue team members using a combination of control lines can maneuver and stabilise the board at a fixed surface position whilst the rescuer is free to concentrate on searching below the surface in a controlled and safe manner. This improves searching technique and reduces critical searching time.

A viewing panel is located towards the front of the board and has the following features:

a rubber hood and face-mask which eliminates surface glare and reflections, when viewing underwater;

> a built-in extendable snorkel tube (for use in rough water conditions) enabling the rescuer to continue to breathe safely, when lying on the board in a prone position and using the viewing panel. Use of the snorkel also prevents misting or fogging of the transparent viewing panel caused by the rescuers breath condensing on the transparent surface;

> (where fitted) a waterproof electronic display panel (powered by an on-board battery) for displaying search information provided by the remote camera and sensor system. The display is used to provide enhanced search information such as underwater camera images (including thermal imaging) and readings for water depth and temperature.

The viewing panel is used in its electronic remote sensor mode during the search and location stage of rescue, in order to provide the rescuer with enhanced search information for locating the casualty in poor visibility conditions. Once the casualty is located, the viewing panel is used in a conventional manner for actual underwater viewing in order to assist the rescuer in achieving the recovery.

The viewing panel images and information can be relayed to shore or other place of safety, either by a cable attached to one of the control lines or by a radio link thereby allowing remote assessment of the rescue or recovery scene by the supporting rescue team.

Reaching the casualty location

The rescuer can carry the lightweight board one-handed quickly to the scene of search and rescue across difficult terrain.

In unmanned operation the board can be moved and steered to the location of the casualty, remotely using the control line system. Once the casualty has secured himself to the board under the instructions of the rescue team the casualty can then be recovered to safety by pulling the board across the hazardous surface conditions in any direction or by lifting the board (and the immobilised casualty) to safety.

In manned operation the rescue board can move across hazardous surface conditions in a variety of ways. The rescuer can achieve this by:

> Running in a crouched position and pushing the board across a weight supporting but weak and unstable hazardous surface. The rescuer uses the buoyant board to spread his weight over the hazardous surface. If the hazardous surface gives way under the weight of the rescuer he will fall onto the buoyant rescue board, which will support him on the hazardous surface; or

Paddling the board from a sitting position using the crook pole as a paddle or paddling without a paddle using hands and arms in water or similar liquid surfaces; or

> Pulling himself and the board across ice, mud or snow powered by hands and feet in specialised gloves and boots, which provide the traction to steer and propel the board at speed; or Lying in a prone position on the board while being pulled across any hazardous surface by one or a combination of control lines attached to the board.

The bottom of the board incorporates detachable fins for use in water surface conditions and runners to reduce friction when used on non- ater surface conditions. The fins and runners give the rescue board increased stability and direction control.

The runners are interchangeable and this allows the rescuer to choose runners designed for particular surface conditions. The rescuer can attach runners which allow unrestricted movement of the board in a forward and backward direction for use across ice or snow surfaces but which restrict sideways movement. This aids recovery of a casualty onto the side of the board as it restricts the board from slipping sideways. The use of replacement runners also prolongs the useful life of the board as worn out runners can be replaced easily and cheaply.

The board can be thrown into water or onto any other hazardous surface conditions from height allowing the rescue system to be used in inaccessible locations.

In river search and rescue operations the control line system can be used to steer the board and rescuer safely downstream, making use of the available river current. The rescuer can attach spare control lines (carried on the board) to securing points in the immediate vicinity of the search or rescue site.

The control line system enables the board and rescuer to maintain a fixed position in moving water conditions enabling more effective searching and safer rescues. For example the board can be positioned downstream of a river rescue incident, controlled by line from the riverbank, to catch floating casualties carried by the river current, hi manned or unmanned operation the casualty is recovered (or recovers himself) onto the board rather than having the strain of the casualty hanging onto the control line while still immersed in the fast moving river until pulled to safety. Once the casualty is safely onto the board the strain on the control lines is dramatically reduced as the buoyant board floating on the water surface places far less strain on the control lines.

The control lines fix securely to the board but also feature a quick release mechanism to enable lines to be disconnected, if necessary. This gives the rescuer the option to disconnect spare control lines from the rescue board and re-connect the lines to objects requiring remote recovery at the rescue scene such as a boat or a rescued casualty secured in an inflatable buoyant stretcher (carried on the rescue board). This allows the rescuer to continue with his search and rescue while at the same time the supporting rescue team can recover the casualty to safety using the control lines.

The control lines can also be used by the rescuer to pull a high tension steel cable (attached to the end of one of the control lines) to the rescue scene. The high-tension steel cable can be used to control further movement of heavy underwater objects such as vehicle underwater. Once the rescue scene is stabilised and the rescue or recovery achieved then the steel cable can be used in conjunction with a high power mechanical winch located in a place of safety to enable remote recovery of the heavy object. The rescuer is able to use the extendable pole and crook to secure the high tension steel cable to underwater objects, without having to leave the safety of the rescue board.

The control lines also enable the board, rescuer and casualty to be safely lifted from the hazardous surface conditions via any of the following methods:

the rescue team on higher safe ground can lift the board, rescuer and casualty by means of four or more control lines;

> helicopter airlift using the control lines to provide a secure cradle for winching; lifting via a hydraulic platform, crane or similar equipment.

The ability to use the board, with the aid of the control lines, to effect an airlift recovery gives the rescue team another option. This option can be used in extreme search and rescue situations to dramatically reduce the rescue and recovery time. The rescue team on the ground can search, locate and recover the casualty onto the board, whilst at the same time the air rescue team is mobilised and travelling to the rescue scene. On arrival at the rescue scene the air rescue team are simply required to winch the rescue board and rescuer and casualty to safety. This method dramatically reduces rescue and recovery time.

On reaching the casualty the board acts as a stable platform for the rescuer to work from. Specially designed runners can be fitted to the board to restrict sideways movement of the board when being used in ice, snow or mud surface conditions. The board is made even more stable when the control lines are employed. The stability and safety of the board enables the rescuer to search a larger area of water (or other surface) with the aid of sophisticated searching equipment.

Once a casualty has been located below the surface (water, ice, snow or mud) then the extendable pole and Crook device can be used to pull (and support) the casualty's body to the surface. Alternatively the Crook can be used to snare the casualty with a rescue line which can then be used to pull the casualty to the surface.

The board acts as a working platform controlled by line. This enables the rescuer to stabilise, secure and administer first aid to the casualty at first contact. Once at the surface the casualty can be secured before attempting recovery onto the board. This is achieved by attaching a buoyancy belt/harness (with a lifeline) to the casualty.

Underground operation

The rescue board can be sent down subterranean waterways, or used in underground tunnels and pipes in either manned or unmanned operation.

The board is designed to allow wheel units to be attached, quickly and easily, at four points. The addition of wheels enables the board to be adapted for use in subterranean tunnels and pipes. The wheels have inflated tyres, which provide a smooth ride for an immobilised casualty over uneven surfaces. The board fitted with wheels enables one team member to push another prone on the board quickly to the rescue scene. With the addition of wheels the board can also be used to carry equipment. This provides the rescue team with an amphibious wheeled trolley, ideal for underground tunnel and pipe rescues. The use of the board as a trolley provides a method of speedy movement of casualties or equipment in confined spaces. Without such a trolley it is difficult to move quickly through confined underground spaces whilst carrying equipment or a casualty. Front-line emergency service vehicles do not carry equipment, which could be used as a wheeled trolley.

Recovery to the board

Once at the surface the casualty can be secured before attempting recovery to the board. This is achieved by attaching a buoyancy belt/harness (with a lifeline) to the casualty using the Crook. Once the casualty is under the control of the rescuer many methods of recovery of the casualty onto the board can be implemented.

The board features numerous grab-handles for use by casualties to pull themselves onto the board. Once on the rescue board the casualty can be immobilized where necessary for medical reasons. By strapping the casualty's head to the rubber hood on the viewing panel the casualty can be immobilised in a position, which maintains an open airway.

The grab-handles are also designed for carrying the rescue board as an immobilizing and floating stretcher. The board has a number of secure fixing points running down the length of the upper side of the board along each side. The fixing points can be used for strapping and immobilizing a casualty and securing equipment to the rescue board. The system of four or more control lines fixed securely to the board allows the rescuer casualty and board to be pulled to safety, by the rescue team, at any time and in any direction.

If the rescuer recovers a dead body this can be transported in an inflatable raft (carried to the rescue scene on the rescue board) and is towed to shore behind the rescue board.

Shore use

The board is suitable for use in airlifting an immobilised casualty in a horizontal position.

The eight grab-handles located around the board provide numerous carrying points for up to eight stretcher-bearers.

The board can be quickly and easily fitted with a clip-on neoprene blanket which contains a low voltage and waterproof heating element. The blanket is clipped onto the central upper side of the rescue board and then wrapped around the casualty's body with the heating element within the blanket located between the trunk of the casualty's body and the upper side of the board. The heating element and blanket gently warms the casualty whilst lying on the board. The board's construction has good insulation qualities and therefore there is little heat lost through the board. The heating element can be powered by an on-board battery power source and/or can be connected via a combined adaptor and transformer to external power sources such as a cigarette lighter in a motor vehicle or similar.

The rescue board can be used as a mountain rescue sled offering improved control through the use of the control line system. Modular System

The board is designed for modular use. Two boards can be quickly and easily connected together in parallel using two cross members. This has the advantage of providing a more buoyant platform, which is particularly useful, if a two-man recovery team is required at the rescue scene. A highly trained two-man team provides a safer system of search and rescue.

Two boards connected together in parallel provide a very stable diving platform for two or more divers to work from. Again the control line system can be employed to secure the diving platform at a particular surface location and in fast moving water conditions.

The rescue board (single or double) can be used as a ready-made hull for an inflatable boat. The board(s) are enclosed by an inflatable boat structure. This gives the rescue team the option of an external power source or conventional paddling by a team of men in the boat. Where the inflatable boat is formed using two boards connected together a keel piece is secured between the two boards to provide improved stability and steering.

It is envisaged that due to stowage constraints rescue vehicles would be fitted with only one rescue board. This means that front-line rescue personnel can provide the basic level of rescue system, using the one board system, without having to wait for the arrival of other rescue personnel. On the arrival of a second rescue vehicle the rescue teams can combine their rescue boards in the manner outlined above, if necessary or desirable.

Brief Description of Drawings For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made by way of example to the following detailed description of the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the board;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the board and rescuer lying in a prone position;

FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the board;

FIG. 4 is a cross section view of the board from the bow end taken along lines 59 -

59 of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a cross section view of the board from the bow end with wheels attached, taken along lines 60 - 60 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a view of the board from the bow end showing various types of runners which can be attached to the underside of the board;

FIG. 7 is a view of the board from the bow end showing recesses on the underside of the board for locating the detachable runners;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the underside of the board;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the upper side of two boards illustrating how two boards can be connected together in parallel;

FIG .10 is a side elevation of the keel; FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the upper side of two boards illustrating how two boards are used to form the hull of an inflatable boat;

FIG. 12 is a cross section view of the inflatable boat in figure 11 taken along lines 61

- 61 of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 illustrates a detachable cutting head for the crook pole; FIG. 14 is a plan view of the crook pole showing the telescopic extensions, snare line, submersible light source and fibre optic cable linking the optical and thermal imaging camera to the electronic display panel on the board;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the upper side of two boards being used as a diving platform with inflatable stretcher for body recovery; FIG, 16 illustrates a river water rescue from a vehicle underwater, showing how the control lines are used to stabilise and steer the rescue board to the rescue scene; FIG. 17 illustrates use of the rescue board as a platform for performing mud rescues;

FIG. 18 illustrates an immobilised casualty, strapped to the rescue board, being recovered by the rescuer pushing and the rescue team pulling, the rescue board and casualty to safety; FIG. 19 illustrates the rescuer carrying the board one-handed to the rescue scene;

FIG. 20 illustrates recovery of the board, rescuer and casualty by using the control lines to effect an airlift;

FIG. 21 illustrates use of board as a stretcher;

FIG. 22 illustrates one rescuer paddling the board using the crook pole as a paddle; FIG. 23 illustrates two rescuers, in a safe position, using the rescue board in unmanned operation;

FIG. 24 illustrates the rescuer paddling with his arms whilst searching underwater using the viewing panel;

FIG. 25 illustrates use of the crook pole to recover a casualty at depth underwater; FIG. 26 illustrates the rescuer pulling the casualty up and onto the rear end of the board in an ice covered water rescue;

FIG. 27 illustrates recovery of the board carrying both rescuer and casualty, by pulling the control lines;

FIG. 28 illustrates the rescuer searching underwater using the viewing panel in combination with the crook and submersible light source;

FIG. 29 illustrates how a casualty's head is strapped to the viewing panel in order to maintain an open airway;

FIG. 30 illustrates the rescuer using the rescue board to travel across ice covered water or other weak surface conditions; FIG. 31 illustrates the rescuer lying in a prone position on the board using his hands and feet to pull and push himself across ice covered water, snow or mud;

FIG. 32 illustrates the rescuer paddling or pulling the rescue board to safety using his hands and arms towing an inflatable buoyant stretcher;

FIG. 33 illustrates two rescuers paddling two boards connected together in parallel, with a casualty located between them in an inflatable stretcher resting on the two cross members; FIG. 34 illustrates the rescuer pushing the rescue board, fitted with wheels, through a tunnel or pipe;

FIG. 35 illustrates the rescuer recovering an immobilised casualty on the board fitted with wheels through a tunnel or pipe, across water and then extracting the casualty on the board through a narrow vertical opening using the control lines;

FIG. 36 illustrates a two-man team using the rescue board with wheels to move quickly through a narrow tunnel or pipe;

FIG. 37 illustrates a plan view of the crook pole and examples of the detachable heads including paddle heads.

Detailed description of the invention

Design/Construction

As illustrated in FIG. 1 the rescue board (1) comprises a buoyant structure to support rescuer and casualty on surface conditions which would not support the weight of a person e.g. water, ice covered water, snow and mud. The buoyant structure has an approximate volume of 200 litres and a weight of 15 to 20 kilos.

The board is of seamless and generally unitary construction and comprises an elongated floating platform with a longitudinal orientated deck (2) having a bow end (3) and a stern end (4). The body (1) of the board is formed of a continuous durable and impact resistant plastic (or other suitable material) which may be constructed through rotational molding. The board has a cavity (5) filled with suitable flotation material such as plastic foam core, which is sealed to be watertight. The board can be coated in a fluorescent and/or luminescent waterproof coating to aid visibility of the board in poor light conditions.

The board features a number of molded features including opposite side recesses (6) for mid-body carrying/grab handles. Fore (7) and aft (8) molded recesses for grab/carrying handles at either end of the board. Molded holes (9) for locating axles for wheel units (10) located through the cross section of the board at four points (11) on the board. Also molded holes (12) for locating and securing by nut and bolt two cross members, fore and aft, to the upper side of two boards when placed side by side.

The body (1) is wider towards its mid-point than at its forward end (3) and aft end (4). The wider mid-point provides stability, while the narrower fore and aft portions improve hydrodynamic efficiency to enable the rescuer to more easily propel and steer the board.

The body (1) has two carrying/grab handles (13) located towards the middle of the board and at the centre of balance, to facilitate carrying the board to and from the scene of rescue. The body (1) also has two grab/carrying handles (63) at the bow end (3) and stem end (4) to facilitate carrying the rescue board as a stretcher, as shown in FIG. 21 and/or for use by casualties in order to grab the rescue board.

The underside (14) of the board is substantially flat bottomed and smooth although four narrow runners (15) are located along the longitudinal sides of the board which provide improved steering and reduce surface friction for use on non-water surfaces. The runners are detachable and can be replaced with alternatively shaped runners to suit the particular surface conditions. When used in water fins (16) may be attached to the underside of the board to provide improved steering and stability.

The body (1) of the board is curved upwards at both the bow end (3) and stem end (4) to facilitate moving the board forward or backward over uneven surfaces. The body of the board incorporates a "rocker" design which when moving forward generates lift thereby increasing the buoyancy of the board during forward movement.

The upper side (2) of the body is formed as a concave surface (17) to provide a comfortable and secure surface for the rescuer to lie on the board in a prone position. The upper side (2) of the body provides securing points (18) for attaching strapping (41) for securing a casualty to the board following recovery or for securing rescue equipment to the board. FIG. 29 illustrates strapping (41) the casualty's head to the raised elastomeric viewing panel (19) to enable a casualty to be immobilized on the board in a position, which maintains an open airway for the protection of an unconscious casualty. The rescuer can recover the casualty to safety, safe in the knowledge that the casualty's airway is maintained in an open position.

The upper side (2) of the board provides a secure point (20) for attaching a leash (21), which in turn can be attached to the rescuer by a band (22).

The upper side (2) of the board is equipped with a releasable and extendable pole (23) featuring a crook (24) on one end.

Towards the front of the board there is a square opening (25) through the body (5) of the board in which a unitarily molded transparent rectangular viewing panel (19) is located. The viewing panel features a rubber facemask (26), which fits the shape of a human face and enables the rescuer, when lying in a prone position, to view underwater. The close fitting shape (33) of the facemask eliminates the problem of light from the surface creating glare and reflections when viewing underwater. The face mask (26) enables the rescuer, who is using the viewing panel, to continue to breathe whilst face down on the board, by use of an extendable snorkel (64) which is incorporated into the facemask. The rescuer can erect the snorkel for continued use of the viewing panel in rough water conditions by simply erecting the snorkel (64) into a vertical position. When not in use the snorkel lies flat against the surface of the upper side of the rescue board. The snorkel built into the facemask eliminates misting of the viewing panel caused by condensation from the rescuer's breath thereby improving visibility underwater. The means of securing four or more safety control lines (42) to the board are provided at the fixing points (27). The control lines (42) are secured to the board using a securing eye (43). Additional securing points can be used at each of the four wheel axle points (11). The four securing points (27) on the board can be fitted with rubber stoppers (65) to protect the board from impacts.

FIGS. 9 to 12 illustrate the invention is designed as part of a modular system enabling the rescue team to quickly escalate the level of response to the search and rescue situation underway. A modular system enables rescue teams with one board to provide the basic level of search and rescue response immediately on arrival. As other rescue teams arrive the rescuers have the option to pool resources with other rescue teams to provide more sophisticated rescue equipment.

FIG. 9 illustrates how the invention enables two boards to be securely joined together in parallel, quickly and easily, to provide a larger search and rescue platform with increased buoyancy. The two boards are connected together by means of attaching four cross members (28) at the securing points (12), fore and aft, on the upper side and underside of each board. The cross members (28) are secured to the sides of the board using the wheel axles (11) as fixing points.

Having been joined together the two boards can then be used as a platform to construct quickly a conventional inflatable boat (29) as shown in FIG. 11. This is achieved by attaching two end cross members (31) to both the fore (3) and aft (4) end at the fixing points (64). FIG 10. Illustrates a keel unit (32) which is placed between the two parallel boards and secured on its upper side and underside to the four cross members (28) at the fixing points (33) on the upper side and underside of the keel unit at the four recessed locating and fixing points (33). The keel unit (32) is also secured at two fixing points (36) to the two end cross members (31) at its fore (34) and aft (35) ends. The keel unit (32) provides stability and improved steering of the inflatable boat. FIG. 12 illustrates how the keel unit provides the keel shape (37) on the underside of the inflatable boat (29). The inflatable boat gives the rescue team the option of adding an external power supply such as an outboard motor (30). The motor is attached to the transom cross member (31) at the aft (4) end of the two boards. A motor powered boat enables a quicker search and rescue operation and over greater distance. Power assisted propulsion is also required for fast moving water conditions in order to move upstream to reach a rescue scene.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 15 to 36, winch illustrate different examples of rescue methods, above and below ground, according to the invention.

Getting to the Scene

FIG. 19 shows how a rescuer (38) by means of the carrying handles (13) can transport the rescue board (1) one-handed over rough terrain and at speed.

Unmanned Operation

FIG. 23 shows how the rescuer(s) (38) can used the board in unmanned operation to recover a casualty (39) from hazardous surface conditions. In this method the casualty (39) pulls himself onto the unmanned rescue board (1) using the grab handles (40) and secures himself to the rescue board, using the strapping on the upper side of the board, under the mstruction of the rescue team (38). Once safely secured to the board the rescue team can recover the rescue board and casualty using the control line system (42).

Recovery of the board and casualty is achieved by pulling the board and casualty across the surface in any direction using the control lines. Alternatively, in more inaccessible locations (such as a steep sided canal lock or reservoir) recovery of the board and casualty can be achieved by lifting the board and casualty to safety. Manned operation

In FIG. 16 it is assumed that the casualty (39) is initially trapped in a vehicle (44) underwater in a river (45) or other fast moving water conditions. The rescue team (46) by means of the control lines (42) are able to maintain the position of the rescue board (1) relative to the underwater vehicle (44), despite the action of the river current or water flow (47).

Where the casualty remains trapped inside the vehicle (44), which is underwater, the rescuer is able to attempt to free the casualty remotely using the extendable pole (23) and Crook (24), whilst remaining on the rescue board (1) at the water surface. The rescuer (38) and board (1) can be held in position over the vehicle underwater (44) by means of the control lines (42).

FIGS. 30 and 31 show the rescuer (38) moving across weak ice, mud or snow surface conditions. The rescuer (38) uses the large surface area of the buoyant board (1) to spread his weight across the surface.

i FIG. 24 the rescuer (38) is shown lying in a prone position using his arms to paddle the rescue board (1) in water.

On weak ice or deep mud the rescuer (38), lying in a prone position uses, his hands and feet to pull and push himself across the surface with the aid of specialised gloves and boots. This is illustrated in FIG. 31.

Recovery onto the board

In FIG. 16 the rescuer (38) on the rescue board has reached the casualty (39), who can pull himself onto the rescue board using the grab handles (40). Where the casualty is unconscious or too weak to pull himself onto the rescue board the rescuer can employ an alternative method. In this method the rescuer (38) before attempting to recover the casualty onto the board, places a safety harness (48) around the casualty's body and under Iris arms. The rescuer then connects the casualty's safety harness (48) to his own safety harness (49) by means of a secure clip (50). Once the rescuer and casualty are securely connected via their safety harness, the rescuer lowers himself over the side of the board furthest away from the casualty, whilst at the same time guiding the casualty's body up and onto the rescue board. By this method the rescuer is able to use his weight as a cantilever to lift the casualty out of the water and onto the rescue board.

Despite leaving the safety of the rescue board the rescuer remains connected at all times to the casualty via the secure connection between the safety harness of rescuer (49) and casualty (48) and to the rescue board via the securing leash (21).

Underwater Searching

In FIG. 28 the rescuer (38) is shown searching underwater using the extendable pole (23) and crook (24) and the viewing panel (19).

The extendable pole (23) is fitted with a submersible light source (51) for lighting at depth underwater. The light source is powered by a battery located inside the crook or alternatively in the body of the rescue board.

The extendable pole (23) can be secured to the side of the board by means of a secure fastening ring (52) which is fixed to any of the wheel axles (11), which holds the extendable pole securely in any position required by the rescuer when searching underwater. This leaves the rescuer's hands free to continue to paddle the rescue board.

The extendable pole (23) is attached to the rescue board via a securing leash (53) to prevent the rescuer losing the crook if it is dropped during use. The leash (53) secures the extendable crook pole to the board. A fibre optic cable and electrical power cable (62) is attached to the crook pole for delivering electrical power to the electronic instruments on the crook and for transmitting information from the crook's miniature submersible camera and other underwater sensors (54) back to the viewing panel (19) on the board.

FIG. 25 shows the rescuer (38), recovering a casualty (39) from depth underwater, using the extendable pole (23) and crook (24) to support and pull the casualty (39) to the surface, whilst the rescuer (38) remains on the rescue board (1) in safety.

FIG. 26 shows a casualty being recovered from ice covered water by a rescuer (38) with the aid of the extendable pole (23) and crook (24). In this method the rescuer pulls the casualty up onto the rear of the rescue board (1).

FIG. 13 illustrates a cutting tool (55), which can be attached to the extendable pole (23) in place of the Crook (24). Attaching the cutting tool to the extendable pole (23) provides the rescuer with a submersible cutting tool in order to free a casualty trapped underwater, for example in a vehicle. The cutting tool is remotely operated by pulling on the line (56), which is attached to the length of the extendable pole by means of securing eyes (57). Alternatively a grinder (with cutting capability) can be attached to the end of the crook pole and is powered by compressed air supplied by an airline from a supply stored on the rescue board.

FIG. 14 illustrates how a line (56) is placed over the end of the crook (24) in order that it can be used to snare the casualty remotely.

FIG. 37 illustrates the extendable pole (23) and crook (24). The extendable pole (23) is shown with detachable paddle heads (65). Alternative tools may be attached to the crook pole and secured using the pin (66), which locks the paddle head or other tool to the extendable pole (23). Underground Operation

hi FIGS. 34 to 36 the rescuer (38) is shown pushing the board (1) on its wheels (10), along an underground tunnel or sewer pipe (58). In this method the wheels on the board enables the rescuer to move more quickly in a confined space by running in a crouched position, using the board to support his weight.

FIG. 35 shows the rescuer(s) (38) extracting the casualty (39) from the tunnel or sewer pipe. The casualty is first immobilised on the board by strapping (41) and then the board and casualty can be pushed easily and quickly to an exit point. FIG. 35 also shows the rescue team (38) lifting the board (1) and the immobilised casualty (39) into a vertical position before extraction through an opening in the tunnel or sewer. Members of the rescue team on the surface lifting the board and casualty vertically, using the control lines (42) perform extraction.

FIG. 36 Illustrates how two rescuers (38) using the board (1) on wheels (10) can travel together quickly and safely through the underground tunnel or sewer pipe (58).

Claims

1. A search and rescue device comprising at least one board member, a viewing window provided in the at least one board member and having an elastomeric hood provided thereabout, and a crook member which is releasably attached to the rescue board.

2. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising control line means to control the movement of the at least board member from a position of safety.

3. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control line means are releasably attached to the at least one board member.

4. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising runners releasably attached to an underside of the at least one board member to facilitate movement of the rescue board over a surface.

5. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising wheels releasably attached to an underside of the at least one board member to facilitate movement of the rescue board over a surface.

6. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising fins releasably attached to an underside of the at least one board member to facilitate movement of the rescue board through water.

7. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the crook member is telescopically extendable.

8. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a paddle is attached to at least one end of the crook member.

9. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising a power supply.

10. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the crook member further includes a remote sensing device powered by the power supply.

11. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the remote sensing device comprises a camera and/or thermal imaging apparatus.

12. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the at least one board member is fitted with a waterproof electronic display panel to display an output signal of the remote sensing device.

13. A search and rescue device as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the crook member includes a light source powered by the power supply.

14. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising securing means to secure a casualty to the at least one board member.

15. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 14, wherein the securing means immobilise a casualty to the at least one board member.

16. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the securing means is an elastomeric blanket.

17. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the elastomeric blanket is formed from neoprene or another insulating material.

18. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 16 or 17 depending from claim 9, wherein the elastomeric blanket includes heating means powered by the power supply.

19. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 9 or any claim depending from claim 9, wherein the at least one board member includes a heating means powered by the power supply.

20. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one board member comprises at least one carrying handle located at a centre of balance along an edge of the at least one board member.

21. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one board member comprises at least one grab handle located along an edge of the board member to provide assistance for a person wishing to mount the board member.

22. A search and rescue device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the at least one board member comprises at least one grab handle located on an upperside of the board member to provide assistance for a person wishing to mount the board member.

23. A search and rescue device comprising at least one board member, a power supply and a detachable pole member including a remote sensing instrument powered by the power supply.

24. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 23, wherein the pole member is a crook member.

25. A search and rescue device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or 24, wherein the crook member includes an air line supplied by a source of compressed air.

26. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 25, wherein the crook member includes a grinding or cutting tool powered by the source of compressed air.

27. A search and rescue device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or 24 to 26, wherein the crook member has at least one end adapted to be fitted with a detachable tool.

28. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the tool is a punching tool for breaking glass or piercing metal.

29. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the tool is a cutting tool.

30. A search and rescue device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the tool is a prising tool.

31. A search and rescue device comprising at least one board member and a detachable elastomeric blanket adapted to wrap around and secure a casualty to the rescue board.

32. A search and rescue boat comprising at least one board member, a bow plate, transom and keel members, an inflated tube and elastomeric floor incorporating transparent panels.

33. A search and rescue boat as claimed in claim 24, further comprising a motor.