WO2002079647A1 - Hub for a turbine and a wind power plant comprising such a hub - Google Patents
Hub for a turbine and a wind power plant comprising such a hub Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002079647A1 WO2002079647A1 PCT/SE2002/000620 SE0200620W WO02079647A1 WO 2002079647 A1 WO2002079647 A1 WO 2002079647A1 SE 0200620 W SE0200620 W SE 0200620W WO 02079647 A1 WO02079647 A1 WO 02079647A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hub
- turbine
- bearing
- wind turbine
- periphery
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- Hub for a turbine and a wind power plant comprising such a hub
- the invention relates to a hub for a turbine, in particular to a wind turbine for a wind turbine generator, said hub being the holder for at least one turbine blade and being connected to a rotatable turbine shaft by means of a hinge member.
- the hinge member admits a limited movement of the hub relatively to the shaft and includes one bearing and a flexible stop for the movement.
- the invention also relates to a wind turbine generator with a wind turbine furnished with such a hub.
- wind turbine generators have rigid hubs, which means that the blades of the wind turbine have a rigid connection with the hub.
- a reduction of the number of blades to two is desirable, since this means a considerable reduction of the blade cost as well as other advantages, such as a less complicated assembly.
- the yearly energy yield for the two-bladed turbine, calculated for a certain turbine diameter, is only reduced with 2-3%.
- a two-bladed, rigid hub wind turbine is exposed to considerable unbalance forces even during normal operation causing fatigue in the components of the turbine.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a hub for a turbine which may endure the extreme load cases at especially demanding wind conditions without requiring a strengthening of the structure by increased dimensioning.
- This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in a teetered hub in which the extreme moments are absorbed in a way that the forces that are created by the extreme moments are made as small as possible.
- the hub according to the invention is designed to make the reaction arms as long as possible and since the moment is equal to the reaction arm times the force, the forces are minimised.
- the moments of the teeter hinge in a teetered hub are absorbed by a pair of forces, one of which is acting in the teeter hinge and the other of which is acting in the teeter stop, respectively.
- the distance between the elements must be maximised. According to the invention, this is accomplished by positioning these elements in the teetered hub adjacent the opposite sides of the periphery of the hub.
- a structure according to the invention relatively small forces are acting in the elements of the hub.
- the structure may thus be manufactured without increasing the dimensions of the structure.
- the structure according to the invention can be made with a relatively low weight and at a cost which enables a favourable operating economy.
- Figure 1 shows the principal structure of a wind turbine generator with a horizontal axis wind turbine
- Figure 1 shows the general structure of a wind turbine generator with a horizontal axis wind turbine.
- Two aerodynamically shaped turbine blades ( 1) are connected to the hub (2) with a fixed or pivotal (along the longitudinal axis) connection.
- the hub (2) is connected to the turbine shaft (3), which is supported by the bearings (4).
- the turbine shaft (3) is connected to the gearbox (5), which transforms the low rotation speed of the turbine to a rotation speed conformable to the generator (6).
- the components of the machinery are supported by the machinery bed (7), which is connected to the yaw bearing (8).
- the yaw bearing (8) is rotatable on the tower (10) by means of the yaw mechanism (9).
- the tower is connected to solid ground by a foundation (not shown) .
- the various functions may be more or less integrated with each other, which however does not affect the following description.
- the hub (2) is a teetered hub, which implies that the two turbine blades ( 1) are rigidly connected to the hub (2).
- the hub (2) is hinged to the turbine shaft (3) and may teeter an angle A, as shown, in each direction.
- the number of blades is normally two, but in a preferred embodiment the structure principle is applied to a turbine with one blade, and with the missing blade compensated by a counter weight.
- FIGS 2A and 2B show a teeter hub according to the invention.
- the blades (1) are connected to the hub (2), which normally is a cast structure and is connected to the turbine shaft (3) by means of a hinge member.
- the hinge includes a bearing ( 12), which normally is composed of two or four symmetrically disposed bearing elements.
- the hub (2) may pivot the angle as shown in either direction towards a flexible teeter stop.
- the flexible teeter stop includes spring elements ( 13) interacting with a reaction arm (15).
- the reaction arm (15) is disposed in the hub and extends from one side of the periphery of the hub adjacent the turbine shaft (3), through the entire hub and to the opposite side of the periphery of the hub.
- the reaction arm (15) may be formed as an extension of the turbine shaft (3), which may be practical due to aspects of manufacturing and structural strength, or as a separate component which is fixed to the turbine shaft (3).
- the reaction arm (15) extends to and through a spring seat (17), which is disposed in the structure of the hub.
- Spring elements (13) are disposed in the spring seat ( 17) such that they bear on and surround the reaction arm (15) in the pivoting direction of the hub.
- the spring elements (13) counteract the teeter movement and may be combined with dampers, either by selecting a spring material with some damping properties, or by providing dampers of some other kind (not shown).
- the active parts of both the bearing (12) and the springs ( 13) are preferably made of elastomeric material.
- the bearing ( 12), the reaction arm ( 15) and the spring elements ( 13) together form a hinge element, having a certain rigidity in relation to the axis of the hinge and thus of the bearing.
- the reaction forces from gravitation and from moments in relation to the hinge are absorbed with an essentially even distribution on the bearing (12) and the springs (13).
- the reaction forces act at a mutual distance which is as large as the size of the hub permits, such that the reaction forces are minimised.
- the bearing (12) and the spring elements ( 13) of the flexible stop are disposed at opposite sides of the periphery of the hub (2), adjacent its lee- and windward sides, respectively. This is the condition for a wind turbine disposed on the windward side of the tower. However, for a turbine on the leeward side of the tower, the opposite condition prevails.
- reaction forces between hub and shaft are acting directly on the shaft (3), or on its extension, and on the hub (2), respectively. This implies a simple and cost-effective construction.
- the hub according to the invention may form an essentially spherical shell structure, which effectively makes use of the material and also advantageously connect the blade flanges to the outer surface of the hub. This reduces the stress concentrations and thus additionally saves material.
- the blade flanges become accessible from the interior of the hub, which eliminates the need for outer balconies or similar arrangements which otherwise are needed in order to get a safe access to inspect and post-tension the screws which hold the blades.
- the spherical basic shape of the hub thus constitutes a preferred embodiment.
- the invention and the preferred embodiments of the invention as described imply essential technical and economical advantages when applied on one- and two-bladed wind turbine generators in particular.
- Preferred embodiments as described above illustrates how the invention may be applied on wind turbines with one or two blades.
- the skilled man may easily apply the invention on wind turbines with several blades and on neighbouring application areas, such as propellers for airplanes and ships, fans, turbines for other gaseous or liquideous working media, etc.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0101152-7 | 2001-03-30 | ||
SE0101152A SE521357C2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Hub for a wind turbine in a wind turbine and a wind turbine with such a hub |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002079647A1 true WO2002079647A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
Family
ID=20283621
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2002/000620 WO2002079647A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-28 | Hub for a turbine and a wind power plant comprising such a hub |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
SE (1) | SE521357C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002079647A1 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2850137A1 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-07-23 | Afelec | Wind turbine head, has blades assembled in hub for their natural movement with respect to rotor plane against compression resistance of elastic mass, which is supported against blade ends and hub |
EP1019631B1 (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 2004-12-29 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Windmill rotor and wind blades therefor |
WO2007008884A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Hamilton Sundstrand | Wind-turbine with load-carrying skin |
CN101105173A (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-16 | 通用电气公司 | Apparatus for assembling rotary machines |
WO2008153751A2 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-12-18 | Hill Daryl G | Conical washer system for propeller stabilization |
US7528497B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2009-05-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Wind-turbine with load-carrying skin |
WO2010140933A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-09 | Saab Ab | Rotor damper and tail rotor with such a rotor damper |
WO2013027127A3 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2013-07-04 | Condor Wind Energy Limited | Systems for minimizing the yaw torque needed to control power output by yawing, for wind turbines with two hinged teetering blades |
EP2295794A3 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2014-07-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Wind turbine as wind-direction sensor |
US9394937B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-07-19 | Silvestro Caruso | Elastomeric teetering hinge |
US9719219B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2017-08-01 | Condor Wind Energy Limited | Helicopter landing deck |
US9879653B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2018-01-30 | Condor Wind Energy Limited | Power management system |
IT201700020849A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-23 | Seawind Ocean Tech Ip B V | JOINT FOR OSCILLATING CONNECTION BETWEEN THE ROTOR AND THE TREE OF A WIND TURBINE |
US10495060B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2019-12-03 | Seawind Ocean Technology Holding Bv | Wind turbine control system having a thrust sensor |
US10598159B2 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2020-03-24 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine bearings |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4333728A (en) * | 1977-08-11 | 1982-06-08 | Textron, Inc. | Compound hub spring system for helicopters |
US4435646A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1984-03-06 | North Wind Power Company, Inc. | Wind turbine rotor control system |
WO1999063218A1 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 1999-12-09 | Forskningscenter Risø | Wind turbine hub |
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 SE SE0101152A patent/SE521357C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-03-28 WO PCT/SE2002/000620 patent/WO2002079647A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4333728A (en) * | 1977-08-11 | 1982-06-08 | Textron, Inc. | Compound hub spring system for helicopters |
US4435646A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1984-03-06 | North Wind Power Company, Inc. | Wind turbine rotor control system |
WO1999063218A1 (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 1999-12-09 | Forskningscenter Risø | Wind turbine hub |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Teknisk beskrivning: Nordic 1000", NORDIC WINDPOWER AB, 10 March 2000 (2000-03-10), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:www.nwp.se> * |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1019631B1 (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 2004-12-29 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Windmill rotor and wind blades therefor |
FR2850137A1 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-07-23 | Afelec | Wind turbine head, has blades assembled in hub for their natural movement with respect to rotor plane against compression resistance of elastic mass, which is supported against blade ends and hub |
WO2007008884A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Hamilton Sundstrand | Wind-turbine with load-carrying skin |
CN101105173A (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-16 | 通用电气公司 | Apparatus for assembling rotary machines |
US7528497B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2009-05-05 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Wind-turbine with load-carrying skin |
WO2008153751A2 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-12-18 | Hill Daryl G | Conical washer system for propeller stabilization |
WO2008153751A3 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-04-23 | Daryl G Hill | Conical washer system for propeller stabilization |
US9073636B2 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2015-07-07 | Saab Ab | Rotor damper and tail rotor with such a rotor damper |
WO2010140933A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-09 | Saab Ab | Rotor damper and tail rotor with such a rotor damper |
EP2295794A3 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2014-07-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Wind turbine as wind-direction sensor |
US9719219B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2017-08-01 | Condor Wind Energy Limited | Helicopter landing deck |
WO2013027127A3 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2013-07-04 | Condor Wind Energy Limited | Systems for minimizing the yaw torque needed to control power output by yawing, for wind turbines with two hinged teetering blades |
US9719491B2 (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2017-08-01 | Condor Wind Energy Limited | Systems for minimizing yaw torque needed to control power output in two-bladed, teetering hinge wind turbines that control power output by yawing |
US9394937B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-07-19 | Silvestro Caruso | Elastomeric teetering hinge |
US9879653B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2018-01-30 | Condor Wind Energy Limited | Power management system |
US10495060B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2019-12-03 | Seawind Ocean Technology Holding Bv | Wind turbine control system having a thrust sensor |
US10598159B2 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2020-03-24 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine bearings |
IT201700020849A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-23 | Seawind Ocean Tech Ip B V | JOINT FOR OSCILLATING CONNECTION BETWEEN THE ROTOR AND THE TREE OF A WIND TURBINE |
WO2018154484A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-30 | Seawind Ocean Technology Ip B.V. | Joint for the oscillating connection of the rotor to a shaft of a wind turbine |
US11136965B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2021-10-05 | Seawind Ocean Technology Ip B.V. | Joint for the oscillating connection of the rotor to a shaft of a wind turbine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE521357C2 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
SE0101152D0 (en) | 2001-03-30 |
SE0101152L (en) | 2002-10-01 |
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