WO2002079632A1 - Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas cleaning - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas cleaning Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002079632A1
WO2002079632A1 PCT/US2001/011082 US0111082W WO02079632A1 WO 2002079632 A1 WO2002079632 A1 WO 2002079632A1 US 0111082 W US0111082 W US 0111082W WO 02079632 A1 WO02079632 A1 WO 02079632A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
air
outlet
exhaust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/011082
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Feder Mirochnitchenko
Shlomohai Niazov
Original Assignee
Feder Mirochnitchenko
Shlomohai Niazov
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Feder Mirochnitchenko, Shlomohai Niazov filed Critical Feder Mirochnitchenko
Priority to PCT/US2001/011082 priority Critical patent/WO2002079632A1/en
Publication of WO2002079632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002079632A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine and a vehicle provided with such an internal combustion engine, with means for cleaning exhaust gasses.
  • an internal combustion engine which has an engine part for providing a movement, said engine part having an outlet for discharging exhaust gasses from said engine part; and an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas conduit having an inlet which is connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine so as to receive discharged exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and an outlet which is open, and an additional internal combustion chamber which is directly connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine and receives exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and also receives an air-oxygen mixture from outside without fuel for combustion of the exhaust gasses and introduces the air-oxygen mixture without fuel into said exhaust system so as to provide combustion of the exhaust gasses.
  • a vehicle which has a vehicle part to be movable on a road; and an internal combustion engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehicle for movement on the road, said internal combustion engine including an engine part for providing a movement, said engine part having an outlet for discharging exhaust gasses from said engine part, and an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas conduit having an inlet which is connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine so as to receive discharged exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and an outlet which is open, and an additional internal combustion chamber which is directly connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine and receives exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and also receives an air-oxygen mixture from outside without fuel for combustion of the exhaust gasses and introduces the air-oxygen mixture without fuel into said exhaust system so as to provide combustion of the exhaust gasses.
  • the internal combustion engine and the vehicle When the internal combustion engine and the vehicle is designed in accordance with the present invention, it substantially increases cleaning of exhaust gasses, so that the exhaust gasses emitted into atmosphere have minimal or substantially no impurities at all.
  • Figure 1 is a view schematically showing a vehicle with an internal combustion engine in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view substantially corresponding to the view of Figure 1 but showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a vehicle for example an automobile, has a front part identified with reference numeral 1 and rear part identified with reference numeral 2.
  • An internal combustion engine 3 drives the vehicle, for example it operates rear wheels of the vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine 3 is provided with a filter 4.
  • the interior of a filter housing is covered with tiles of ceramics with a layer of titanium oxide.
  • the exhaust system includes two pipe trains including pipes 14, 15, 25 and pipes 16, 17, 24 correspondingly.
  • the pipe trains have outlets which are open into atmosphere.
  • a chamber 9 is provided for additional burning of exhaust products from the internal combustion engine, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, gas, etc., which has not been completely burned in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. It has an inlet communicating with an outlet of the engine part or the cylinders and an outlet connected with the pipe trains.
  • a vessel for a mixture of oxygen and air is identified with reference numeral 6. It has a pipe 7 for supplying the air oxygen mixture into the engine part or in other words into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine, in direction of the arrow 5, and a pipe 8 for supplying the oxygen-air mixture into the additional chamber 9.
  • a preferable ratio of the mixture is 98% of oxygen and 12% of air.
  • the oxygen-air mixture is introduced into the chamber 9 in direction of the arrow 8, in particular into a flame 9 which exits the engine part, in its very center.
  • a plurality of additional vessels are provided in the exhaust system, including vessels 10 and 11 in one pipe train and vessels 12 and 13 in another pipe train.
  • the inner walls of the vessels 10-13 are covered with ceramic tiles with a layer of titanium oxide.
  • Arrows 20, 21 , 22, and 23 illustrate directions of movement of exhaust gasses after they have been purified in the inventive exhaust system, then emitted into atmosphere.
  • the exhaust flame from the engine part or in other words from the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is mixed at the point 18 with the mixture of oxygen and air in order to continue the combustion which started in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine, in the chamber 9 to provide a complete combustion of the fuel until it is harmless for the environment. It is not necessary to introduce an additional fuel, such as gasoline, etc., into a chamber 9 and it is also not necessary to have an additional igniting element in the chamber 9.
  • the layer of the titanium oxide in the subsequent vessels is an additional purifying structure for the exhaust gasses, which additionally purifies the exhaust gasses from impurities.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention which is shown in Figure 2 substantially corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the internal combustion engine is provided with a turbo injection member or pump 26.
  • the oxygen-air mixture is introduced into the additional chamber 9 from the oxygen-air container 6, directly into a flame which emerges from the engine part or from the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • the turbo pump 26 introduces the oxygen-air mixture through a pipe 28 also into the chamber 9. This additionally guarantees a complete combustion of the exhaust gasses and its purifications from impurities.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

An internal combustin engine (3) has an engine part for providing a movement, the engine par having an outlet for discharging exhaust gasses from the engine part, and an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas conduit (16) having an inlet which is connected with the outlet of the internal combustion engine (3) so as to receive discharged exhaust gasses from the internal combustion engine (3) and an outlet which is open, and an additional internal combustion chamber (9) which is directly connected with the outlet of the internal combustion engine (3) and receives exhaust gasses from the internal combustion engine (3) and also receives an air-oxygen mixture (6) from outside without fuel for combustion of the exhaust gases and introduces the air-oxygen mixture (6) without fuel into the exhaust system so as to provide combustion of the exhaust gases.

Description

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH EXHAUST GAS CLEANING
Description
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine and a vehicle provided with such an internal combustion engine, with means for cleaning exhaust gasses.
Background Art
All vehicles with internal combustion engines have a discharge through which exhaust gasses are discharged in the atmosphere. Numerous attempts have been made to clean discharge gasses so as to emit as little as possible of polluting substances. It is believed that additional improvement of this process is desirable.
Disclosure of the Invention
Accordingly, it is an object of present invention to provide an internal combustion engine and a vehicle which is equipped with such an internal combustion engine which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
In keeping with these objects and with others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of present invention resides, briefly stated, in an internal combustion engine which has an engine part for providing a movement, said engine part having an outlet for discharging exhaust gasses from said engine part; and an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas conduit having an inlet which is connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine so as to receive discharged exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and an outlet which is open, and an additional internal combustion chamber which is directly connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine and receives exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and also receives an air-oxygen mixture from outside without fuel for combustion of the exhaust gasses and introduces the air-oxygen mixture without fuel into said exhaust system so as to provide combustion of the exhaust gasses.
In accordance with another feature of present invention, a vehicle is provided, which has a vehicle part to be movable on a road; and an internal combustion engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehicle for movement on the road, said internal combustion engine including an engine part for providing a movement, said engine part having an outlet for discharging exhaust gasses from said engine part, and an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas conduit having an inlet which is connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine so as to receive discharged exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and an outlet which is open, and an additional internal combustion chamber which is directly connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine and receives exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and also receives an air-oxygen mixture from outside without fuel for combustion of the exhaust gasses and introduces the air-oxygen mixture without fuel into said exhaust system so as to provide combustion of the exhaust gasses.
When the internal combustion engine and the vehicle is designed in accordance with the present invention, it substantially increases cleaning of exhaust gasses, so that the exhaust gasses emitted into atmosphere have minimal or substantially no impurities at all.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the present invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 is a view schematically showing a vehicle with an internal combustion engine in accordance with the present invention; and
Figure 2 is a view substantially corresponding to the view of Figure 1 but showing another embodiment of the present invention.
Best Mode of Carrying out the Invention
As shown in Figure 1 , a vehicle, for example an automobile, has a front part identified with reference numeral 1 and rear part identified with reference numeral 2. An internal combustion engine 3 drives the vehicle, for example it operates rear wheels of the vehicle. The internal combustion engine 3 is provided with a filter 4. The interior of a filter housing is covered with tiles of ceramics with a layer of titanium oxide.
The exhaust system includes two pipe trains including pipes 14, 15, 25 and pipes 16, 17, 24 correspondingly. The pipe trains have outlets which are open into atmosphere. A chamber 9 is provided for additional burning of exhaust products from the internal combustion engine, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, gas, etc., which has not been completely burned in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. It has an inlet communicating with an outlet of the engine part or the cylinders and an outlet connected with the pipe trains. A vessel for a mixture of oxygen and air is identified with reference numeral 6. It has a pipe 7 for supplying the air oxygen mixture into the engine part or in other words into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine, in direction of the arrow 5, and a pipe 8 for supplying the oxygen-air mixture into the additional chamber 9. A preferable ratio of the mixture is 98% of oxygen and 12% of air. The oxygen-air mixture is introduced into the chamber 9 in direction of the arrow 8, in particular into a flame 9 which exits the engine part, in its very center.
A plurality of additional vessels are provided in the exhaust system, including vessels 10 and 11 in one pipe train and vessels 12 and 13 in another pipe train. The inner walls of the vessels 10-13 are covered with ceramic tiles with a layer of titanium oxide. Arrows 20, 21 , 22, and 23 illustrate directions of movement of exhaust gasses after they have been purified in the inventive exhaust system, then emitted into atmosphere.
In the inventive exhaust system, the exhaust flame from the engine part or in other words from the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is mixed at the point 18 with the mixture of oxygen and air in order to continue the combustion which started in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine, in the chamber 9 to provide a complete combustion of the fuel until it is harmless for the environment. It is not necessary to introduce an additional fuel, such as gasoline, etc., into a chamber 9 and it is also not necessary to have an additional igniting element in the chamber 9. The layer of the titanium oxide in the subsequent vessels is an additional purifying structure for the exhaust gasses, which additionally purifies the exhaust gasses from impurities.
The second embodiment of the present invention which is shown in Figure 2 substantially corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 1. In this embodiment, however, only one pipe train is provided. In addition, the internal combustion engine is provided with a turbo injection member or pump 26. In the inventive internal combustion engine the oxygen-air mixture is introduced into the additional chamber 9 from the oxygen-air container 6, directly into a flame which emerges from the engine part or from the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. The turbo pump 26 introduces the oxygen-air mixture through a pipe 28 also into the chamber 9. This additionally guarantees a complete combustion of the exhaust gasses and its purifications from impurities.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in internal combustion engine, and vehicle provided therewith, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

Claims
1. An internal combustion engine, comprising an engine part for providing a movement, said engine part having an outlet for discharging exhaust gasses from said engine part; and an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas conduit having an inlet which is connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine so as to receive discharged exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and an outlet which is open, and an additional internal combustion chamber which is directly connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine and receives exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and also receives an air- oxygen mixture from outside without fuel for combustion of the exhaust gasses and introduces the air-oxygen mixture without fuel into said exhaust system so as to provide combustion of the exhaust gasses.
2. An internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 ; and further comprising an air-oxygen containing vessel, a first conduit portion introducing the air-oxygen mixture from said vessel into said internal combustion engine directly and a second conduit portion introducing a part of said air-oxygen mixture from said vessel into said additional chamber.
3. An internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 , wherein said exhaust gas system includes a plurality of additional vessels covered inside with ceramic tiles and a layer of titanium oxide and arranged so that a first one of said vessels is connected with said additional chamber and subsequent ones of said vessels are connected with one another so that the layer of titanium oxide absorbs impurities from exhaust gasses exiting said additional vessel.
4. An internal combustion engine as defined in claim 3; and further comprising an air filter connected with an outlet of at least one of said vessels and coated from inside with ceramic tiles with a layer of titanium oxide so as to filter the exhaust gasses received in said air filter from said vessels from combustion products and to additionally absorb residuals of exhaust gas impurities, said air filter having an outlet connected with said engine part.
5. An internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 ; and further comprising means for turbo-injection of the air oxygen mixture into said additional chamber.
6. A vehicle, comprising a vehicle part movable on a road; and an internal combustion engine mounted on said vehicle for driving said vehicle for movement on the road, said internal combustion engine including an engine part for providing a movement, said engine part having an outlet for discharging exhaust gasses from said engine part, and an exhaust gas system including an exhaust gas conduit having an inlet which is connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine so as to receive discharged exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and an outlet which is open, and an additional internal combustion chamber which is directly connected with said outlet of said internal combustion engine and receives exhaust gasses from said internal combustion engine and also receives an air-oxygen mixture from outside without fuel for combustion of the exhaust gasses and introduces the air-oxygen mixture without fuel into said exhaust system so as to provide combustion of the exhaust gasses.
7. A vehicle as defined in claim 6; and further comprising an air-oxygen containing vessel, a first conduit portion introducing the air- oxygen mixture from said vessel into said internal combustion engine directly and a second conduit portion introducing a part of said air-oxygen mixture from said vessel into said additional chamber.
8. A vehicle as defined in claim 6, wherein said exhaust gas system includes a plurality of additional vessels covered inside with ceramic tiles and a layer of titanium oxide and arranged so that a first one of said vessels is connected with said additional chamber and subsequent ones of said vessels are connected with one another so that the layer of titanium oxide absorbs exhaust gasses exiting said additional vessel.
9. A vehicle as defined in claim 8; and further comprising an air filter connected with an outlet of at least one of said vessels and coated from inside with ceramic tiles with a layer of titanium oxide so as to filter the exhaust gasses received in said air filter from said vessels from combustion products and to additionally absorb residuals of exhaust gas impurities, said air filter having an outlet connected with said engine part.
10. A vehicle as defined in claim 6; and further comprising means for turbo-injection of the air oxygen mixture into said additional chamber.
PCT/US2001/011082 2001-03-29 2001-03-29 Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas cleaning WO2002079632A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2001/011082 WO2002079632A1 (en) 2001-03-29 2001-03-29 Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas cleaning

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2001/011082 WO2002079632A1 (en) 2001-03-29 2001-03-29 Internal combustion engine with exhaust gas cleaning

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002079632A1 true WO2002079632A1 (en) 2002-10-10

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702110A (en) * 1970-11-30 1972-11-07 Aerojet General Co Closed cycle engine system
US4587807A (en) * 1983-04-18 1986-05-13 Nagatoshi Suzuki Apparatus for totally recycling engine exhaust gas
US4984426A (en) * 1988-05-04 1991-01-15 Santi Giunio G Closed circuit system for recycling the exhaust gases of a combustion engine
US5016599A (en) * 1988-08-27 1991-05-21 Cosworth Deep Sea Systems Limited Closed cycle internal combustion engine
US5692373A (en) * 1995-08-16 1997-12-02 Northrop Grumman Corporation Exhaust manifold with integral catalytic converter
US5761903A (en) * 1996-03-04 1998-06-09 Straka; Benedict J. Loop combustion system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702110A (en) * 1970-11-30 1972-11-07 Aerojet General Co Closed cycle engine system
US4587807A (en) * 1983-04-18 1986-05-13 Nagatoshi Suzuki Apparatus for totally recycling engine exhaust gas
US4984426A (en) * 1988-05-04 1991-01-15 Santi Giunio G Closed circuit system for recycling the exhaust gases of a combustion engine
US5016599A (en) * 1988-08-27 1991-05-21 Cosworth Deep Sea Systems Limited Closed cycle internal combustion engine
US5692373A (en) * 1995-08-16 1997-12-02 Northrop Grumman Corporation Exhaust manifold with integral catalytic converter
US5761903A (en) * 1996-03-04 1998-06-09 Straka; Benedict J. Loop combustion system

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