WO2002077630A1 - Appareil d'electrophorese - Google Patents

Appareil d'electrophorese Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002077630A1
WO2002077630A1 PCT/AU2002/000365 AU0200365W WO02077630A1 WO 2002077630 A1 WO2002077630 A1 WO 2002077630A1 AU 0200365 W AU0200365 W AU 0200365W WO 02077630 A1 WO02077630 A1 WO 02077630A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cassette
power supply
current
contacts
control means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2002/000365
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bill Hunter
Chau Nguyen
Rex Niven
Andrew Gooley
Ben Herbert
Original Assignee
Proteome Systems Intellectual Property Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Proteome Systems Intellectual Property Pty Ltd filed Critical Proteome Systems Intellectual Property Pty Ltd
Priority to KR10-2003-7012466A priority Critical patent/KR20030096287A/ko
Priority to EP02706536A priority patent/EP1381855A1/fr
Priority to AU2002240722A priority patent/AU2002240722B2/en
Priority to JP2002575631A priority patent/JP2004535557A/ja
Publication of WO2002077630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002077630A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
    • G01N27/44717—Arrangements for investigating the separated zones, e.g. localising zones
    • G01N27/44739—Collecting the separated zones, e.g. blotting to a membrane or punching of gel spots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
    • G01N27/44713—Particularly adapted electric power supply

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out electrophoresis and in particular to a blotting system and apparatus.
  • Blotting sometimes referred to as electrophoretic blotting is a well known process in which macromolecules which have been separated in a gel by a 1 D or 2D electrophoresis process are transferred from the gel onto a membrane. Such blotting is also know as Western, Northern, or Southern blotting, depending on the type of macromolecule being blotted. Such macromolecules may include proteins, peptides, saccharides, lipids, nucleic acid molecules, complex biomolecules including glycoproteins, and mixtures thereof. Typically the electrophoresis will be carried out in a polyacrylamide gel.
  • a membrane is placed on one side of the gel, and the gel and membrane are sandwiched between two sheets of filter paper or the like containing a buffer which are in turn sandwiched between an anode and a cathode. Pressure is applied to the blotter sandwich and an electric current is passed through the sandwich which causes the macromolecules to pass from the gel onto the membrane.
  • a further problem with existing blotting apparatus is that existing apparatus typically can only perform one blot at one time. It would improve throughput if, for example the apparatus could run four or six blots simultaneously.
  • an important aspect of running blots is to control the voltage and current supplied to the blot during the run. This is because excessive current/power supply to the blot may cause overheating which could damage the macromolecules.
  • 500mA is to be supplied by the power supply at 250V.
  • the characteristics of the blots, including the resistance of the blots are not all identical.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for performing a plurality of blots such as Western, Northern or Southern blots, each of the blots being performed inside a container
  • the apparatus includes a multi-channel power supply comprising a common power supply supplying DC voltage in parallel to a plurality of computer controlled conversion modules wherein each power conversion module includes a control means arranged to control the output of that module independent of the output from other power conversion modules.
  • the present invention provides a blotting system for performing a plurality of blots in parallel, the system comprising a blotter unit arranged to receive a plurality of cassettes, each cassette defining a pair of spaced apart electrodes and external contacts for supplying electric current to those electrodes characterised in that each container is individually addressable by the unit such that a different voltage and current may be supplied to one container than to another container in the unit.
  • the unit defines a well or recess in which the plurality of cassettes may be located.
  • Contacts adapted to contact the electrical contact defined on one or more of the cassettes are preferably defined in the recess.
  • the unit will define a hinged lid which can be used to cover the recess in operation.
  • the floor of the recess is cooled.
  • the floor may typically comprise a heatsink in which a peltier array is defined.
  • a space may be defined underneath the heatsink in which a series of fans are located for cooling the heatsink.
  • the apparatus/unit may be used for performing other types of electrophoresis, such as 1 d or 2d electrophoresis by utilising different cassettes. For example, 1 d electrophoresis, 2d electrophoresis and blotting can be sequentially performed.
  • Each container may be in the form of a cassette typically having a box like construction.
  • the base of the cassette may be defined substantially wholly or at least in part by a plate of material which conducts both heat and electricity well, such as a metal, which can thus perform the function of an electrode and also act to transfer heat from the interior of the cassette to the heatsink.
  • the base of the container will comprise a steel plate whose upper surface, facing the interior of the container is platinum coated.
  • the walls and top of the cassette may be made of a moulded plastic material.
  • One wall of the cassette may define a hinge such that the cassette may be opened and closed to allow the insertion and removal of a blotter sandwich/stack from the interior of the cassette.
  • a seal may be provided so that upper and lower parts of the cassette close together in a substantially fluid tight fashion.
  • the seal may be provided by an O-ring which extends around the lower part of the cassette.
  • the cassettes may be disposable in which case it is preferred that the electrodes are made from an inexpensive electrode material such as graphite. For a disposable cassette means other than an O-ring, may be provide the seal.
  • a second electrode may depend from the underside of the top of the cassette into the interior of the cassette being suspended from the top by biasing means such as springs.
  • Guide fingers may be project upwardly from the base of the cassette to assist in enabling accurate location of the blotter sandwich in the cassette.
  • a vent hole is provided in the upper part of the cassette.
  • a one way valve may allow the passage of gases out of the cassette only.
  • the cassette may define external contacts which are in electrical contact with the upper and lower electrodes.
  • the contacts for both electrodes face upwards and are located near the top of the cassette. This makes the implementation of the individual addressability of the electrodes in the cassette more straightforward and means that the contacts provided by the unit can all depend down from the lid and electrodes do not have to be provided in the lid and in the base as with the prior art. Alternatively, the contacts may be defined on the walls of the recess.
  • the unit may include a removable guide means which can be loaded into the recess in the unit for the purposes of enabling accurate location of a number of cassettes in the recess such that when the lid is closed, the contacts in the lid accurately align with and contact the electrical contacts defined by the cassettes.
  • Different guide means may be provided to for loading cassettes of differing sizes.
  • the system of the present invention provides high throughput with the ability to process a number of blot stacks at the same time and each of those blots can also be carried out under different conditions from the other blots.
  • the voltage applied across the electrodes in the individual cassettes, and the current supplied, and the duration of each blot may vary.
  • the current/voltage may also vary over time.
  • the use of cassettes simplifies the loading system and a fully sealed construction prevents contamination of the unit. This allows the system to be used for semi-wet blotting.
  • the apparatus includes a multi-channel power supply comprising a common power supply supplying DC voltage in parallel to a plurality of computer controlled conversion modules, wherein each power conversion module comprises a control means and a switch mode transformer, wherein the switch mode transformer comprises a primary winding, a secondary winding and a switching means in series with the primary winding to control operation of the power transformer in flyback mode whereby when the switching means is ON current increases in the primary winding and the energy in the transformer increases and whereby when the switching means is OFF energy in the transformer is discharged as current in the secondary, and wherein the control means controls the power transferred from the primary winding to the secondary winding by adjusting the duty cycle of the switching means.
  • a computer control means is operatively connected to the power supply via opto-isolators and that computer control means may be used to control all output channels of the conversion modules.
  • the apparatus includes means for monitoring the current and voltage output of the secondary winding and via closed loop control means adjusts the duty cycle of the switching means if the output voltage and/or current are outside a predefined set of parameters.
  • the closed loop control means will include a digital potentiometer or digital to analog converter (DAC).
  • the predefined set of parameters are user defined and input into the computer control means.
  • over-current protection is incorporated in the supply. It is a preferred feature that power supply and consumption data are collected by the computer control means in real time to enable the operating parameters of each experiment/run to be stored and graphically displayed.
  • a current monitoring means such as a series resistor connected to voltage threshold detector is provided in an arrangement such that if the current in the secondary exceeds a predetermined maximum, an opto-coupler sends a signal to the control circuit to temporarily shut down the switch mode transformer.
  • the current drawn from the secondary is passed through a resistor of which one end is connected to a temperature-stable relaxation oscillator so that a stream of pulses is sent to an opto-coupler, with the pulse rate increasing as the output current increases, the arrangement being such that if the current in the secondary exceeds a predetermined maximum, the opto-coupler sends a signal to the control circuit to temporarily shut down the switch mode transformer.
  • the relaxation oscillator or voltage detector is temperature stable as a microprocessor reset/supply supervisor circuit is employed for this function
  • a cassette for use in a system of the present invention including: a thermally conductive base; an electrode depending into the container from the top of the cassette; and electrical contacts for supplying current to the lower electrode and upper electrode, said contacts being defined on the exterior to the cassette.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic exploded view of a blotter system illustrating two different cassette option 5;
  • Figure 2 is a section through the blotter unit of Figure 1 showing cassettes located in the unit and the lid of the unit closed;
  • Figure 3 shows a cassette for use in the unit shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 shows the cassette of Figure 3 opened;
  • Figure 5 shows a section through the cassette of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6a is a circuit drawing of a common part of a multi-channel power supply embodying the present invention;
  • Figure 6b is a circuit drawing of an interface for the power supply embodying the present invention with a computer control means;
  • Figure 6c is a circuit drawing of the primary side of one channel of the multi-channel power supply embodying the present invention;
  • Figure 6d is a circuit drawing of the secondary side of one channel of the multi-channel power supply embodying the present invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an apparatus in the form of a blotter unit generally indicated at 10.
  • the blotter unit includes housing 10 which defines a recess 12 and a hinged lightweight lid 14 which can be used to cover and close the recess 12.
  • Figure 1 also illustrates a guide frame 16 which is adapted to locate inside the recess and which defines six sub-frames 18, each of which is shaped and configured to receive a cassette 20.
  • Figure 1 also illustrates an alternative frame 22 which may be inserted in the recess when only a single, relatively larger, cassette 24 is to be loaded in the recess.
  • Figure 2 shows the features of the unit/housing in more detail.
  • the base of the recess 12 is defined by a heatsink 26 comprising a generally planar metallic plate with a series of depending fins 28 and which incorporates a cooling peltier array 30. Beneath the heatsink there is a space 32 which contains a number of electrically operated fans 34 for cooling the heatsink.
  • the unit incorporates a multi-channel power supply 36 for supplying power to contacts, the power supply being controlled by a computer control means 40.
  • the supply is described in more detail below.
  • the unit also provides power supply to the peltier cooling array 30.
  • the computer control means 40 controls the current and voltage supply to contacts not illustrated, defined on the lower face of the lid. In an alternative version, the contacts may be on the sides of the peltier platform.
  • the floor 42 of the unit is ventilated to allow air flow through the unit for cooling the heatsinks.
  • Each cassette comprises a generally box-like container having a base 50, four side walls 52 and a top 54. Apart from the base, the container is preferably moulded in a plastics material such as glass reinforced polypropylene.
  • the base comprises a platinum coated steel plate 56 which functions not only as an electrode but also as a means for transferring heat from a blotter stack 58 disposed on the electrode 56 to the cooled heatsink 26.
  • the upper surface 56A of the electrode is coated in platinum as it is an inert material and will not react with the chemistry of the blotter stack.
  • the rear wall 52A of the cassette is hinged to allow the cassette to be opened to define a lower portion 60 and an upper portion 62.
  • An O-ring seal 64 extends around the top of the lower portion 60 of the cassette so that when the cassette is locked closed, by means of a clip 66, the cassette is substantially fluid tight apart from a vent hole 68 in the top of the cassette.
  • an upper electrode depends from the top of the cassette into the interior suspended on two springs. These springs ensure that when a blotter sandwich 58 is inserted between the two electrodes, the correct pressure is applied to the sandwich 58.
  • a series of guide fingers 70 project upwardly from the base of the cassette. These guide fingers assist in locating the sandwich 58 in position on the centre of the lower electrode 56.
  • contacts 72, 74 for both the upper and the lower electrode face upwardly when the cassette is in the normal orientation shown in Figure 3.
  • Electrical contacts for supplying current from the unit to each cassette are defined on the lid 14.
  • Each set of contacts on the lid is individually controllable by the CPU 40 so that when a number of cassettes are located in the unit as shown in Figure 2 for example, each cassette can be provided with a different voltage and current supply.
  • the CPU 40 controls and monitors the supply of current and voltage to the individual cassettes and can be programmed to run a blot for a particular length of time at a particular voltage and current and then at the end of the predetermined period, switch off the power supply to that individual cassette.
  • the opening and closing of the lid cuts of the power supply to each cassette and this is noted by the CPU and accounted for.
  • the system has the capability of being used by a number of users at the same time, each of them running their own individual blots.
  • one or more of the cassettes is removed from the instrument from the unit with the power off.
  • the cassettes are moved to a wet area within a laboratory and opened and loaded successively with a lower blotter sandwich (which may be from a presupplied kit), the general sample to be processed, the nitrocellulose membrane layer or PUDF or other suitable membrane material (these two can be inserted in either order) and the upper blotter paper sandwich.
  • the blotters are presoaked with buffer to ensure correct processing.
  • the cassette is then closed which automatically applies the correct pressure to the sample using the spring loaded system within each cassette.
  • the cassette or cassettes are then loaded into the unit.
  • the floor of the recess will be coated with a thermally conductive oil to improve the transfer of heat to the heatsink.
  • the cover lid 14 of the unit it then closed.
  • the operator selects the mode of operation for processing with the CPU which may be either preconfigured voltage, current and time to each cell or a more advanced set up such as varying the voltage over time.
  • an audible or visible indicator may denote that the blotting operation has terminated.
  • the control system includes feedback control of the temperature in the experiments being run.
  • the temperature of the peltiers is measured by a thermocouple or other suitable means and this information is fed back to the computer control means 40 which reduces the voltage/current supplied to the blot in the case of overheating.
  • the system allows the user to download the voltage current time and temperature profile for each cell to a PC for data storage or printing.
  • FIG. 6a to 6d illustrate a multi-channel power supply for supplying power to the contacts.
  • Figure 6a shows the common part of the power supply of a multi-channel power supply embodying the present invention which is common to ie supplies power to six conversion modules.
  • Figures 1c and 1d illustrate the primary and secondary sides respectively of one conversion module of which there are six in the preferred embodiment. Each conversion module provides a power supply having an output of up to 50W.
  • Each conversion module incorporates a ferrite-cored switch mode power supply transformer TR3 which as discussed below operates in flyback mode. It includes a ferrite core 104 of 11 mm diameter.
  • the core style is an ETD34.
  • the primary which is wound on a bobbin around the ferrite core comprises two hundred turns of 0.45mm diameter wire.
  • the secondary which is wound around the outside of the primary also comprises two hundred turns of 0.45mm diameter wire. Insulation is provided between the primary and secondary.
  • An air gap of 300micron sets the correct inductance and allows for energy storage.
  • the secondary In the switch mode power supply transformer the secondary is isolated from the primary. ON/OFF pulses of voltage 82 at 315V are periodically supplied to the primary 106 which ramps up the energy stored in the ferrite core while the pulse is ON.
  • the MOSFET Q2 which is in series with the primary switches the pulse ON and OFF.
  • the switch When the switch is ON, the current in the winding increases through MOSFET Q2 and resistor R31A.
  • the switch When the switch is OFF, the current in the winding in the core discharges through diode D3 into capacitor C18. Current flows in the secondary circuit charging the capacitor C18 which in turn charges capacitor C19 via a inductor LI which removes high frequency components.
  • the polarity of the diode D3 prevents current flowing in the secondary except when the pulses are OFF.
  • the power supplied to the secondary circuit is controlled. As part of the control process, a sample of voltage is taken during the OFF period. The secondary voltage is sampled at the primary and referred to ground as V f eedbac k . The capacitor C14 is charged to that voltage, the current then flows in variable resistor R53. The current flowing through R53 creates a voltage which is proportional to the output voltage. A reference voltage of 2V is supplied to the control circuit SG3524.
  • the period of the voltage supply to the primary of the switch mode transformer is adjusted so that the output voltage is equal to the reference voltage, 2.0V supplied to IN+.
  • the coarse potentiometer 130 incorporating R53 is used to attenuate the feedback voltage rather than adjust the reference voltage IN+. This allows a wide range of output voltages to be supplied (over 4:1 ) with no change in the common mode voltage of the reference signal IN+ at SG3524.
  • a further potentiometer 140 is provided for fine adjustment to increase resolution from 6 bits per potentiometer to 11 bits overall.
  • a yet further potentiometer 150 is used to give a CUTOFF command.
  • the potentiometer 150 gives a 0V output.
  • CUTOFF When CUTOFF is required a 6V output is supplied.
  • a current monitor resistor is provided at the output of the secondary. Current feedback sends a current to opto-coupler U6. If the current in resistor R42 at the output in the secondary circuit, exceeds 0.3amps, current in opto- coupler U6 sends a signal to control circuit SG3524 which shuts down the control chip and transformer.
  • the current threshold detector U8 is temperature stable as a microprocessor reset/supply supervisor circuit is employed for this function
  • Figure 1 b illustrates the control bus interface to the computer control means.
  • Opto-couplers E11 , E12 and E13 allow the control circuit to be connected directly to the mains.
  • the SDA line has two functions, sending and receiving data and is inherently at a high impedance.
  • the input is at low impedance of 50ohms which is compatible with common coaxial leads.
  • a clock signal is provided by another opto-coupler U13.
  • This system utilises the well known I2C protocol but with the send and receive line separated into two separate lines to allow the impedance to be kept at a relatively low 50ohms.
  • the equipment allows several channels to be bridged together, if desired, in order to produce higher wattage, for example running larger area blotting cassettes.
  • One unusual feature of the power supply of the present invention is that the output voltage from the multiple channels is negative. This enables the chassis of the electrophoresis apparatus or the like which contains the power supply to be the positive terminal, if desired.
  • the system incorporates a temperature sensor. This is periodically and briefly switched on to pass a fixed current of 2mA through a temperature-dependent resistance. The voltage is measured which and from this the temperature can be determined. Switching the resistor on briefly avoids heating of the resistor due to the current.
  • the multi-channel power supply described above provides a number of substantial advantages compared to existing electrophoresis power supplies.
  • individual computer control of each channel/outlet is enabled.
  • the opto-isolators allows the apparatus to be computer controlled by a mouse pad / graphic display interface which is fully opto-isolated from the power supply and enables computer control and operator safety.
  • the use of a switch mode power supply allows the device to be relatively compact. Switch mode transformers are very efficient and relatively little energy is lost as heat. This is particularly important in the context of an apparatus for electrophoresis as the temperature of the various experiments performed on such apparatus has to be closely controlled and overheating can ruin an experiment.
  • the multi-channel power supply also provides for control of the individual channels by monitoring the voltage and current parameters from each cell/outlet and then via closed loop allows the adjustment of parameters to ensure that electrophoresis is completed within the user set parameters.
  • a switch mode transformer this enables the power supply to be very compact even as a multi-channel unit and to provide a wide voltage range of 50 to 200V with good efficiency
  • the compactness enables the power supply to be incorporated into the casing of the electrophoresis apparatus rather than exist as a separate component. This not only ensures that the footprint of the apparatus is acceptable in terms of the laboratory bench space it occupies but also means that the researcher or the like running gels on the equipment does not have to worry about wiring multiple power supplies as the equipment is encapsulated in one apparatus.
  • the present invention also provides the ability for the computer control means 40 to collect power supply/consumption data and to graph operating parameters of each output/cell in real time. This allows the person running the experiment to store electrophoresis run data for each blot.
  • a further feature of the present invention is that a single computer control 40 means may be used to control all six output channels.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is that having all the wiring built into the instrument, safety issues relating to the use of the apparatus close to a wet environment are minimised.
  • switch mode transformer has 200 turns on its primary and secondary windings, it will be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that the number of turns may be varied. For example 400 turns could be provided on the secondary to double the output voltage from 200V to 400V.
  • higher voltages can be provided for techniques that may require higher voltages such as iso-electric focussing or multi-compartment electrolysis.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil conçu pour réaliser plusieurs transferts, par exemple de type Western, Northern ou Southern, chaque transfert étant effectué à l'intérieur d'une enceinte. L'appareil comporte notamment un bloc d'alimentation multicanal constitué d'un bloc d'alimentation fournissant une tension CC en parallèle à une pluralité de modules de conversion commandés par ordinateur. Chaque module de conversion de puissance comprend un moyen de commande conçu pour commander la sortie dudit module indépendamment de celle des autres modules de conversion de puissance. L'appareil définit un boîtier conçu pour recevoir plusieurs cassettes, chacune définissant une paire d'électrodes séparées et des bornes externes pour alimenter en courant électrique lesdites électrodes. L'appareil peut s'adresser à chaque cassette individuellement de façon qu'une tension et un courant différents alimentent une cassette donnée plutôt qu'une autre dans l'unité. La cassette a une base thermiquement conductrice, une électrode descendant dans l'enceinte du haut de la cassette, et des bornes électriques permettant d'alimenter en courant l'électrode inférieure et l'électrode supérieure, lesdites bornes étant définies sur l'extérieur de la cassette.
PCT/AU2002/000365 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Appareil d'electrophorese WO2002077630A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2003-7012466A KR20030096287A (ko) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 전기영동 장치
EP02706536A EP1381855A1 (fr) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Appareil d'electrophorese
AU2002240722A AU2002240722B2 (en) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Electrophoretic apparatus
JP2002575631A JP2004535557A (ja) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 電気泳動装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPR3986 2001-03-26
AUPR3986A AUPR398601A0 (en) 2001-03-26 2001-03-26 Blotting system and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002077630A1 true WO2002077630A1 (fr) 2002-10-03

Family

ID=3827992

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2002/000365 WO2002077630A1 (fr) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Appareil d'electrophorese
PCT/AU2002/000354 WO2002077629A1 (fr) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Dispositif d'electrophorese comprenant une alimentation electrique a canaux multiples

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2002/000354 WO2002077629A1 (fr) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Dispositif d'electrophorese comprenant une alimentation electrique a canaux multiples

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1381855A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004535557A (fr)
KR (1) KR20030096287A (fr)
CN (1) CN1241013C (fr)
AU (1) AUPR398601A0 (fr)
WO (2) WO2002077630A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006119941A1 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Ab Procede et dispositifs servant a prendre l'image d'un specimen
WO2011072158A1 (fr) 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Instrument d'électrotransfert indépendant dans des cassettes multiples
EP2398819A1 (fr) * 2009-02-23 2011-12-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Cassette d'électrotransfert avec électrodes manuellement libérables à espacement ajustable
CN104075916A (zh) * 2012-07-17 2014-10-01 南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司 一种高效高灵敏度的生物大分子转膜、染色系统和设备
WO2015106356A1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Coastal Genomics Inc. Cassettes à utiliser lors d'analyses électrophorétiques parallèles automatisées et leurs procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation
US9128046B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2015-09-08 Cellomics, Inc. Slide holder assembly for comet assay
EP3113863A4 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2017-12-13 Coastal Genomics Inc. Système d'électrophorèse à socles modulaires
WO2022015661A3 (fr) * 2020-07-13 2022-04-14 Life Technologies Corporation Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés d'électrophorèse et d'électrotransfert
US11313829B2 (en) * 2017-06-13 2022-04-26 Nanjing GenScript Biotech Co., Ltd. Rapid blotting device and applications thereof
USD975873S1 (en) 2020-07-13 2023-01-17 Life Technologies Corporation Electrophoresis and electrotransfer device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2003901409A0 (en) * 2003-03-27 2003-04-10 Proteome Systems Intellectual Property Pty Ltd Electrophoresis platform incorporating temperature control means and variable output voltage supply means for the same
CN110249220B (zh) * 2017-04-24 2023-01-31 赛默飞世尔（上海）仪器有限公司 生物转印装置、生物转印系统和控制方法
WO2018227426A1 (fr) * 2017-06-14 2018-12-20 Coyote Bioscience Co., Ltd. Méthodes et systèmes d'analyse d'échantillon
CN111474232A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2020-07-31 上海仪擎生物科技有限公司 可设温电泳槽

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4810348A (en) * 1987-03-16 1989-03-07 Helena Laboratories Corporation Automatic electrophoresis apparatus and method
US5055172A (en) * 1990-03-23 1991-10-08 Stratagene Cloning Systems Electrophoresis control system with wide dynamic range
US5104512A (en) * 1990-05-14 1992-04-14 Labintelligence, Inc. Gel electrophoresis system
US5373197A (en) * 1992-11-02 1994-12-13 Labconco Corporation High voltage dual output laboratory power supply
EP0684468A2 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-29 Eastman Kodak Company Appareil d'électrophorèse avec structure anti-condensation
WO1998041874A1 (fr) * 1997-03-17 1998-09-24 Genethon Ii Dispositif et procede d'analyse automatique d'echantillons sur gels
WO1998057162A1 (fr) * 1997-06-09 1998-12-17 Hoefer Pharmacia Biotech, Inc. Dispositif et procede pour alimenter en energie des modules d'electrophorese en gel
WO1999014368A2 (fr) * 1997-09-15 1999-03-25 Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research Procede et appareil pour le traitement d'un echantillon d'analyte biomoleculaire au moyen d'un dispositif microfabrique
US6063250A (en) * 1998-05-15 2000-05-16 C.C. Imex Running tank assembly for electrophoresis

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62201060A (ja) * 1986-02-25 1987-09-04 Fanuc Ltd Ｄｃ−ｄｃコンバ−タ
JPH03198656A (ja) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-29 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 直流電源装置
US5663874A (en) * 1995-09-19 1997-09-02 Micro Linear Corporation Multiple output flyback DC-to-DC converter with synchronous rectification and constant on-time current mode control
US6038150A (en) * 1997-07-23 2000-03-14 Yee; Hsian-Pei Transistorized rectifier for a multiple output converter

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4810348A (en) * 1987-03-16 1989-03-07 Helena Laboratories Corporation Automatic electrophoresis apparatus and method
US5055172A (en) * 1990-03-23 1991-10-08 Stratagene Cloning Systems Electrophoresis control system with wide dynamic range
US5342497A (en) * 1990-03-23 1994-08-30 Stratagene Cloning Systems Electrophoresis system
US5104512A (en) * 1990-05-14 1992-04-14 Labintelligence, Inc. Gel electrophoresis system
US5373197A (en) * 1992-11-02 1994-12-13 Labconco Corporation High voltage dual output laboratory power supply
EP0684468A2 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-29 Eastman Kodak Company Appareil d'électrophorèse avec structure anti-condensation
WO1998041874A1 (fr) * 1997-03-17 1998-09-24 Genethon Ii Dispositif et procede d'analyse automatique d'echantillons sur gels
WO1998057162A1 (fr) * 1997-06-09 1998-12-17 Hoefer Pharmacia Biotech, Inc. Dispositif et procede pour alimenter en energie des modules d'electrophorese en gel
WO1999014368A2 (fr) * 1997-09-15 1999-03-25 Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research Procede et appareil pour le traitement d'un echantillon d'analyte biomoleculaire au moyen d'un dispositif microfabrique
US6063250A (en) * 1998-05-15 2000-05-16 C.C. Imex Running tank assembly for electrophoresis

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8379201B2 (en) 2005-05-11 2013-02-19 Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Ab Method and devices for imaging a sample
WO2006119941A1 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Ab Procede et dispositifs servant a prendre l'image d'un specimen
EP2398819A1 (fr) * 2009-02-23 2011-12-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Cassette d'électrotransfert avec électrodes manuellement libérables à espacement ajustable
EP2398819A4 (fr) * 2009-02-23 2013-10-30 Bio Rad Laboratories Cassette d'électrotransfert avec électrodes manuellement libérables à espacement ajustable
US9205379B2 (en) 2009-12-11 2015-12-08 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Instrument for independent electrotransfer in multiple cassettes
WO2011072158A1 (fr) 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Instrument d'électrotransfert indépendant dans des cassettes multiples
EP2509681A1 (fr) * 2009-12-11 2012-10-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Instrument d'électrotransfert indépendant dans des cassettes multiples
EP2509681A4 (fr) * 2009-12-11 2014-09-03 Bio Rad Laboratories Instrument d'électrotransfert indépendant dans des cassettes multiples
US9128046B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2015-09-08 Cellomics, Inc. Slide holder assembly for comet assay
CN104075916A (zh) * 2012-07-17 2014-10-01 南京金斯瑞生物科技有限公司 一种高效高灵敏度的生物大分子转膜、染色系统和设备
WO2015106356A1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Coastal Genomics Inc. Cassettes à utiliser lors d'analyses électrophorétiques parallèles automatisées et leurs procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation
US10690626B2 (en) 2014-01-17 2020-06-23 Coastal Genomics Inc. Cassettes for use in automated parallel electrophoretic assays and methods for manufacturing and using same
EP3113863A4 (fr) * 2014-02-24 2017-12-13 Coastal Genomics Inc. Système d'électrophorèse à socles modulaires
US10775344B2 (en) 2014-02-24 2020-09-15 Coastal Genomics Inc. Electrophoresis system with modular pedestals
US11313829B2 (en) * 2017-06-13 2022-04-26 Nanjing GenScript Biotech Co., Ltd. Rapid blotting device and applications thereof
WO2022015661A3 (fr) * 2020-07-13 2022-04-14 Life Technologies Corporation Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés d'électrophorèse et d'électrotransfert
USD975873S1 (en) 2020-07-13 2023-01-17 Life Technologies Corporation Electrophoresis and electrotransfer device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004535557A (ja) 2004-11-25
WO2002077629A1 (fr) 2002-10-03
CN1241013C (zh) 2006-02-08
CN1529812A (zh) 2004-09-15
AUPR398601A0 (en) 2001-04-26
EP1381855A1 (fr) 2004-01-21
KR20030096287A (ko) 2003-12-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2002077630A1 (fr) Appareil d'electrophorese
CN1248351C (zh) 带内置控制器以延长电池寿命的电池
US5407552A (en) Electrophoresis device
US20040135548A1 (en) Battery charger capable of indicating time remaining to achieve full charge
AU6659798A (en) Electronic method for controlling charged particles to obtain optimum electrokinetic behavior
TW200302618A (en) Fast charger for high capacity batteries
DE69503451D1 (de) Batteriesystem und Verwendung in einem Schrittschaltwerk
US4505790A (en) Oxygen concentration regulation
EP1647777A2 (fr) Dispositif et procédé pour régler le nettoyage d'air dans un climatiseur
AU2002240722B2 (en) Electrophoretic apparatus
DE69924094D1 (de) Zum einmaligem gebrauch bestimmtes medizinisches instrument und medizinische vorrichtung mit einem solchen instrument
AU2002240722A1 (en) Electrophoretic apparatus
US3902987A (en) Electrolytic cell means
US4433299A (en) Method and apparatus for measuring interfacial electrokinetic phenomena
AU2006202934A1 (en) Cassette for electrophoretic apparatus
US3317417A (en) Micro-electrophoresis apparatus
US4612102A (en) Silver recovery system
US5055172A (en) Electrophoresis control system with wide dynamic range
CN109849526B (zh) 热敏打印头加热电压控制电路及打印设备
US8975901B2 (en) Measurement device and method thereof
JP2000228830A (ja) ２次電池用充電方法と装置
US3146181A (en) Moisture analysis apparatus
JPH0234048B2 (ja) Ekitaiyokinoondoseigyosochi
JP2000023386A (ja) 充電回路
Yahya et al. Development of gel electrophoresis unit to reduce DNA separation process time—a proof of concept

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 028072502

Country of ref document: CN

Ref document number: 1020037012466

Country of ref document: KR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2002575631

Country of ref document: JP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2002240722

Country of ref document: AU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2002706536

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2002706536

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 2002706536

Country of ref document: EP