WO2002075433A2 - Procede et dispositif pour la representation tridimensionnelle d'elements graphiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la representation tridimensionnelle d'elements graphiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002075433A2
WO2002075433A2 PCT/EP2002/002915 EP0202915W WO02075433A2 WO 2002075433 A2 WO2002075433 A2 WO 2002075433A2 EP 0202915 W EP0202915 W EP 0202915W WO 02075433 A2 WO02075433 A2 WO 02075433A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
holographic
elements
holographic elements
light
picture
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PCT/EP2002/002915
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2002075433A3 (fr
Inventor
David P. Dickerson
Heinrich A. Eberl
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Candy Optronic Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Candy Optronic Gmbh filed Critical Candy Optronic Gmbh
Priority to AU2002304863A priority Critical patent/AU2002304863A1/en
Priority to DE10291111T priority patent/DE10291111D2/de
Publication of WO2002075433A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002075433A2/fr
Publication of WO2002075433A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002075433A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0252—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties using holographic or diffractive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for displaying picture elements in three-dimensional space and a corresponding method.
  • Devices of this type for example based on a rotating surface or a step-by-step fluorescence excitation, are known.
  • DE 2622802 describes a method for three-dimensional imaging with an image beam deflected via a two-dimensional deflection surface on an areal screen, preferably made of translucent material, rotating around an axis of rotation coinciding with the optical axis of the deflection surface and designed as a geometric generator of an imaging space, and a device to practice this procedure.
  • WO 02/06864 discloses a holographic display for storing and reproducing a spatial structure, the holographic display being constructed from a plurality of holographic screens, each of which is associated with its own projection device.
  • no device is disclosed there which is capable of producing a spatial visual perception similar to the observation of a real object by displaying image elements in three-dimensional space.
  • the display disclosed there aims in principle to spatially shift the perceived display level of a ⁇ weimensional display.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for displaying picture elements in three-dimensional space, which as far as possible meet the expectations of a user due to the variety of commercially available two-dimensional display devices.
  • it is a question of solving the problem of three-dimensional picture element display in a manner which allows the device to be designed in a cost-effective, compact, uncomplicated and / or portable manner.
  • each holographic element is preferably assigned to a picture element, it being particularly expedient for a color display if a plurality of holographic elements are assigned to a respective picture element.
  • a holographic element in the sense of the invention preferably comprises one or more holographic recordings (which corresponds to a "hologram") of an actual or virtually directly or indirectly computer-controlled exposure of the photo material on which the holographic recording is based, and is thus capable of refraction -, diffraction and / or reflection properties of this object to a certain extent under the specific circumstances of holographic reproduction. In particular, this allows information about the three-dimensional topology of the object to be recorded and reproduced.
  • the holographic element itself does not have to have the topology recorded therein in its external form.
  • a flat holographic element could emulate the refractive, diffractive, and / or reflective properties of a curved object.
  • a curved holographic element could also emulate the refraction, diffraction and / or reflection properties of a differently curved or flat object.
  • a holographic element can also emulate the refraction, diffraction and / or reflection properties of different objects at different wavelengths.
  • the holographic reproduction which corresponds to a refraction of light in the sense of the invention, generally depends strongly on the wavelength, the angle of incidence and the phase of the incident light.
  • the propagation of light can be influenced via refraction, diffraction and / or reflection, the appropriate term being strongly context-dependent.
  • the term “refraction” or “breaking” is therefore used as a synonym with the actual generic term “change in propagation”.
  • holographic elements can be designed as separate units or as an integral unit.
  • an optical projection device is any device that is capable of emitting optical signals or emitting light in a controllable manner.
  • the former includes, for example, lasers, laser diodes, LEDs, OLEDs, etc.
  • the latter could be, for example Combination of a light source, one often referred to as "light valve” in technical terminology. designated modulator and a light guide arrangement that guides the light generated by the light source to the modulator.
  • the optical projection device itself or in cooperation with a further device is able to project light which can be determined with regard to its intensity, direction of propagation, polarization, phase, spectral composition, in particular its wavelength, and / or another of its parameters. If the parameters of the light are changed over time, this is referred to in technical jargon as "modulation".
  • Detected or projected light is therefore often referred to in the application as a detected or projected "light beam” or “scanning beam” or “projection beam”. This is particularly the case in discussions about the beam path, the beam diameter, the spectral composition and similar properties of the detected or projected light, which are often associated with the concept of a light beam.
  • an optical scanning device or projection device can have a light guiding device and / or a light design device.
  • Examples of such devices are controllable and non-controllable mirrors, splitter mirrors, acousto-optical modulators, holographic elements, diaphragms, filters, lenses, light guides, etc.
  • optical signal converters optical projection devices, light guide devices and / or light design devices can be combined with one another as separate units or integral units.
  • the projection device can in particular be used to effect the display of a picture element in three-dimensional space by illuminating at least one holographic element assigned to the respective picture element.
  • illumination of a holographic element is preferably carried out selectively in order to bring about a controlled display of the respective image element.
  • selective lighting can include both illuminating and non-illuminating and, in the case of illuminating a holographic element, illuminating such that the holographic conditions inherent in the holographic element are met, that is to say that due to the illumination the holographic element falling light is refracted according to the interference pattern recorded in the holographic element, or is not met.
  • picture elements is understood to mean any physical, virtual and conceptual elements that can give an optical, “visual” impression.
  • the invention preferably only uses those picture elements which can give rise to a multitude of optical, "pictorial" impressions.
  • the picture elements according to the invention can include both conventional picture elements, such as pixels (two-dimensional image points) or voxels (three-dimensional spatial image points), as well as novel image elements, such as lines, surfaces, bars or cubes.
  • novel image elements such as lines, surfaces, bars or cubes.
  • a device that is suitable for carrying out the proposed method is always expressly disclosed, for example a suitably programmed computer, sensors that are able to deliver the necessary signals, signal processing devices that are able to process these signals appropriately , Etc.
  • all or more of the holographic elements each comprise a holographic image of a dif ⁇ us reflecting or a dif ⁇ us transmitting object.
  • a spatial light pattern arises as if the object itself had been illuminated under the lighting conditions prevailing during the holographic image.
  • the spatial arrangement of the object i.e. the distance and the orientation of the object to the photo plate, recorded in the holographic image.
  • Dif ⁇ us reflecting or dif ⁇ us transmitting objects such as umbrellas
  • Dif ⁇ us reflecting or dif ⁇ us transmitting objects are characterized by the fact that they evenly (back) scatter light falling on them over a wide angle. Ideally, this scatter is essentially independent of the wavelength.
  • Diffusely reflecting or diffusely transmitting objects thus represent an excellent basis for the representation of mono- or multispectral picture elements. While the use of screens for the representation of pictures is known, for example, from cinema technology, pixel-by-pixel picture representation using appropriate "men screens" " unusual. The same applies to other diffusely reflecting or diffusely transmitting objects.
  • All or more of the holographic elements of the device according to the invention preferably each comprise a holographic image of a dif ⁇ usly reflecting or a dif ⁇ usly transmitting object, in particular a two-dimensional screen.
  • the holographic elements each comprise a holographic image of a dif ⁇ us reflecting or a dif ⁇ us transmitting surface or a dif ⁇ us reflecting or a dif ⁇ us transmitting rod, each surface and each rod corresponding to the cube surfaces or the cube edges of a coherent three-dimensional grid-shaped arrangement.
  • the use of dif ⁇ us reflecting or dif ⁇ us transmitting screens as a template for holographic recordings for the display of picture elements according to the invention in three-dimensional space has the disadvantage that only a flat picture element corresponding to the screen surface is perceptible in a holographic display of the screen. Because of this "zero dimensionality" of a screen surface in the direction perpendicular to it, it is expensive to effect a continuously acting pictorial representation in a direction perpendicular to the holographic representation of the screen surface.
  • This disadvantage can be avoided, for example, by using objects with a three-dimensional dimension as a template for the holographic images encompassed by the holographic elements. Because of their radiation properties as described above, dif ⁇ us reflecting and dif ⁇ us transmitting objects with three-dimensional dimensions are particularly advantageous.
  • the optical projection device is preferably able to illuminate at least one of the holographic elements with light of the wavelength with which a holographic image encompassed by the respective holographic element was taken.
  • selected holographic elements can be selectively illuminated by an optical projection device.
  • Such a selection can be achieved, for example, in part by coordinating the wavelength of the light projected by the optical projection device for illuminating certain holographic elements.
  • This could be used in particular in the case of a multispectral (for example red, green, blue) display in which, for example, holographic elements designed for the display of red picture elements are illuminated by a red light source, while holographic designed for the display of blue or green picture elements Elements are illuminated by a respective blue or green light source.
  • a coordination between the wavelength of the light projected by the optical projection device and the respective holographic recordings can also contribute to the fact that projected light is refracted as completely as possible from the respective holographic elements. In this way, a high luminosity of the picture elements represented in this way can be made possible, which contributes to the daylight suitability of the device according to the invention.
  • the plurality of holographic elements preferably comprises a plurality of identical holographic elements.
  • a particularly inexpensive manufacture of the device can be achieved in that many of the holographic elements are identical. Existing holographic elements can be used as templates for the production of further elements, as is known to the person skilled in the art of holography. In this way, the number of holographic recordings required to produce the device can be reduced considerably.
  • the standardization of the holographic elements brings with them both advantages and disadvantages.
  • the uniformity of the holographic elements can be advantageous, since this can give a uniform visual impression in the case of holographic reproduction by means of the identical holographic elements.
  • the identity of the holographic elements can be disadvantageous in that they lack the details necessary for a perspective correct reproduction. This disadvantage would appear, for example, in a device according to the invention, in which a three-dimensional, array-like arrangement of objects is represented by a large number of holographic elements, in which all objects of a respective “depth” are represented by a two-dimensional array of identical holographic elements.
  • the holographic elements therefore did not contain any suitable information as to whether the object to be displayed is on the left, right, above or below.
  • the selective illumination of holographic elements preferably comprises a spatial selection and / or a selection based on the phase, the wavelength, the angle of incidence and / or the polarization of the light projected onto the respective holographic element.
  • the selection is preferably carried out on a spatial basis.
  • This means that the respective holographic elements are spatially separated from one another, so that selective illumination of the respective areas, be it by light beam deflection, covering, or the like, is selective Illumination of a respective holographic element corresponds.
  • a spatial separation of the individual holographic elements is useful, among other things, if several holographic elements are to be combined in a single holographic element, for example if a volume hologram is to contain a large number of holographic recordings, since the spatial separation prevents optical crosstalk between the individual holographic elements ,
  • the selective illumination can take place selectively in the sense of a selective fulfillment of the holographic conditions.
  • This can be done by selectively adjusting one or more parameters that are decisive for the fulfillment of the holographic condition, for example the phase, the wavelength, the angle of incidence or the polarization, of the light incident on the respective holographic element.
  • This can be achieved by means known to those skilled in the art, for example filters, deflection devices, LCD elements, acoustic-optical modulators, etc.
  • With active lighting it is possible to modulate the light accordingly when it is generated.
  • the device according to the invention preferably has only one projection device which illuminates the multiplicity of holographic elements.
  • the projection device possibly in cooperation with a corresponding light processing device, is capable of carrying out the selective illumination of holographic elements according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention preferably has a multiplicity of projection devices, each of which illuminates a mutually exclusive multiplicity of holographic elements.
  • the use of a large number of projection devices is particularly expedient if a multispectral display is to take place or if a very large number of holographic elements are to be illuminated selectively.
  • a large number of projection devices can also be useful in order to be able to precisely illuminate spatially separated holographic elements, for example in order to enable the image elements to be displayed for different, relatively far apart viewing angles.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises an optical sensor device, the output signals of which are used to calibrate the selection process.
  • a modern high-resolution screen represents approximately one million pixels. If a similarly high-resolution, but three-dimensional, voxel-based display is to be achieved by the invention, then precise illumination of selected holographic elements from approximately one billion such elements would have to be carried out. Accordingly, it makes sense to provide the device according to the invention with an optical sensor device, the output signals of which can be used to calibrate the selection process.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises a multiplicity of marking holographic elements which distinguishably distinguish light incident thereon by refraction.
  • the device according to the invention with marking holographic elements which refract the incident light in such a way that they can be distinguished from the other holographic elements by appropriate detection and evaluation of this refracted light, so that these marking holographic elements Elements can also be used to calibrate the selection process.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises a
  • Viewing angle detection device that detects a user's viewing angle on the plurality of holographic elements and determines the selection of selectively illuminated holographic elements according to the viewing angle.
  • the device according to the invention is able to display picture elements in such a way that a spatial picture impression is created, this picture impression differs from the natural perception of an object in that the picture elements shown are merely a virtual appearance and are consequently translucent. If a realistic representation of an object is to be carried out by displaying individual picture elements, the device must ensure that picture elements remain hidden, ie are not shown, that are supposed to be "hidden” from the viewer's point of view, even if the viewer changes his point of view. This task is preferably performed by the above-mentioned viewing angle detection device.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises a controllable suspension which is able to specifically change the position and orientation of one or more components of the device.
  • An additional possibility of granting a perspective, three-dimensional representation is to change the position and / or orientation of one or more of the components of the device representing the picture elements vis-a-vis a predetermined viewing angle and the representation of picture elements at the same time as the change adjust accordingly.
  • the above-mentioned controllable suspension preferably contributes to the accomplishment of this task.
  • each picture element of the device according to the invention can preferably be represented in such a way that the respective picture element appears with a correct perspective in relation to a given viewing perspective and the perceptible position of the picture element in three-dimensional space.
  • the purpose of the device according to the invention is to display picture elements in three-dimensional space. Preferably, only a sum of the picture elements shown results in a predetermined visual content. That is, a desired visual content is composed of individual picture elements. Normally, the visual impression that results from the representation of several picture elements will differ significantly from the visual impression of a single picture element. This is comparable to the display of a full-color image on the LCD monitor compared to the display of a single pixel.
  • the picture elements according to the invention are not limited to pixels (picture elements) and voxels (spatial picture elements), but can give rise to any visual impression.
  • the display of picture elements according to the invention is preferably effected in that an optical projection device selectively illuminates a holographic element assigned to the picture element to be displayed.
  • the holographic element in turn preferably comprises a holographic image of a diffusely reflecting or a diffusely transmitting object.
  • a respective holographic recording also includes other objects, for example an optical lens, a mirror or another light beam changing device.
  • the holographic recording of the diffusely reflecting or diffusely transmitting object could take place through an optical lens, for example to reduce or enlarge the virtual distance of the object from the holographic photo plate or the virtual size of the object as desired.
  • the geometric shape of a holographically recorded object preferably corresponds to the desired geometric shape of the respective object
  • Image element at least above that used in the holographic recording
  • Photo plate captured viewing angle.
  • Image element on the other hand, essentially corresponds to the wavelength of that for holographic
  • Playback used light which in turn in accordance with the wavelength of the light used in the respective holographic recording or with that for a holographic
  • Playback mandatory holographic conditions must be selected.
  • several holographic elements recorded at corresponding wavelengths become one
  • Object illuminated with light of a respective primary color in order to bring about a virtual representation of an image element in any color by adding the respective primary colors.
  • a hologram can be compared to a window with the same dimensions and the same topology.
  • a hologram can at best capture the insights that would be made possible by a window used instead of the hologram. From this analogy it can be seen that a single holographic element can only present a representation of an object that is very limited in comparison to reality. There is also a hologram in no way able to optimally reproduce its pictorial content across all viewing angles. The range of the best reproduction is limited to approx. ⁇ 30 ° around a line of sight running perpendicularly through the hologram.
  • the invention preferably provides for the use of a plurality of holographic elements to represent a respective picture element, each of these holographic elements preferably comprising a holographic recording of the same object on which the picture element is based from a different perspective.
  • the appropriate holographic element is selectively illuminated in order to ensure the perceptibility of the holographic representation from the current point of view. The determination of the viewing angle of an observer is described in more detail below.
  • the device preferably determines the eye position and / or the viewing direction of an observer in order to ensure the observer an optionally adapted, perspective-correct representation of the image elements in three-dimensional space.
  • the invention provides two preferred options for determining the eye position and / or the viewing direction of a viewer.
  • a very flexible way of determining the eye position and / or the direction of gaze of a viewer is the so-called "eye tracking".
  • Retinal, corneal is used to record preferably optical signals from the viewer's eye or other characteristics of the eye.
  • the position and / or the orientation of the eye can then be calculated on the basis of the position changes of these characteristics.
  • the data obtained in this way can be meaningfully supplemented by using active or passive detector devices to determine the position and / or the orientation of the viewer more closely or additionally.
  • active or passive detector devices to determine the position and / or the orientation of the viewer more closely or additionally.
  • the eye position and / or the viewing direction of a viewer relative to a picture element to be represented by the device according to the invention can also be determined by the device specifying the absolute eye position of the viewer.
  • a change in the viewing perspective can then be realized in that the light-projecting or "refractive components of the device are partially or entirely mounted on a movable frame which is moved in accordance with the desired change in the viewing perspective.
  • the frame is suspended with a drive such that a precisely controllable rotational movement around three orthogonal axes is possible.
  • any finely selectable rotation of the representation of such an element either requires a large number of holographic elements which can represent the image element in the respective numerous positions, or a possibility of rotating the holographic element in relation to the viewer.
  • the device according to the invention preferably comprises a controller. This can provide both a perspective correct as well as a representation as close as possible to the desired visual impression.
  • the area of responsibility of the control system can include that the control system selects the image elements to be displayed on the basis of predetermined image data that correspond to the desired visual impression. These can be, for example, the CAD data of an architect's design. If a three-dimensional object is to be displayed, the controller could use user input to determine whether the object appears opaque, transparent or partially transparent. This is determined both by the fact that certain picture elements appear or not appear, and by the relative brightness of the respective picture elements shown. In the case of an opaque object, “hidden” picture elements, for example, are not shown from the current point of view. With a transparent object, "hidden” picture elements can be displayed darker than "non-hidden” picture elements. Other display features such as color, line width, etc.
  • the device can also be determined by the control to achieve the desired visual impression.
  • the choice of the image element to be displayed can also play a role here.
  • the device include sheet-like, rod-shaped and spherical picture elements.
  • the use of rod-shaped picture elements would be appropriate for a representation of outlines.
  • For a representation of homogeneous areas the use of area-like picture elements would make sense.
  • the spherical image elements would be helpful for displaying individual points in space.
  • the control can also be used to change the viewing perspective shown or perceived. If, for example, a viewer would otherwise change his actual viewing perspective of the display caused by the device according to the invention without the display changing, perspective contradictions could arise which confuse the viewer. For example, "visible” picture elements could remain hidden, while “hidden” picture elements are still visible.
  • a change in the viewpoint perspective shown or perceived can take place both by changing the selection of picture elements to be displayed in order to give the impression of a changed desired perspective and by changing the selection of picture elements to be displayed in order to match the display adjust the actual perspective.
  • a controller can also be used to control and / or calibrate the projection process.
  • the controller could be contained in a signal circuit having the projection device, a light guide device and / or a light design device and an optical sensor, with which light is projected onto holographic elements.
  • the light is optionally refracted characteristically by markings provided in the holographic element and at least partially detected by the optical sensor, which transmits corresponding signals to the control.
  • the control can control and / or calibrate the projection device, a light guiding device and / or a light design device in a targeted manner from the signals which are characteristic on the basis of the characteristic refraction, possibly with knowledge of the properties of the emitted light.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of both conceptual and real objects, which can be based on a pictorial representation in three-dimensional space according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of a pictorial representation of a staircase-like structure in three-dimensional space according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a pictorial representation in three-dimensional space according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the structure and function of a device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a conventional holographic recording technique
  • 6A is a schematic representation of a conventional holographic recording technique
  • 6B is a schematic illustration of a conventional holographic rendering technique
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the structure and function of a device according to a third embodiment of the invention, in which several holographic elements are assigned to a picture element.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows both conceptual and real objects that are based on a pictorial representation in three-dimensional space according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Image elements are represented in three-dimensional space according to a three-dimensional grid arrangement, which corresponds to an arrangement of conceptual cubes 100.
  • three surfaces 101X, 101Y and 101Z of the cube 100 are visible.
  • the surface 101X is perpendicular to the X axis shown in the figure, while the surface 101Y or 101Z is perpendicular to the Y or Z axis shown in the figure.
  • the surfaces 101X, 101 Y and 101Z are designed as separate, dif ⁇ us reflecting plates.
  • Three holographic recordings of each of these plates are made from the same perspective with red, green and blue light.
  • a laser light beam of the corresponding wavelength is divided into an object beam and a reference beam by means of a splitter mirror.
  • the reference beam is directed almost directly onto a photo plate (possibly via an expansion lens to illuminate the entire photo plate), while the object beam hits the plate and is reflected by it on the photo plate.
  • the resultant between the reference beam and the object beam Interference pattern is captured by the photo plate.
  • This recording technique is shown schematically in Figure 5. During the recording, the plate is supported in its respective position in a manner invisible from the recording perspective, so that only the respective plate becomes the object of the recording.
  • the recordings can be made on common or on different photographic material, taking into account possible crosstalk of the respective recordings. It is important that the recordings differ in such a way that selective playback is possible.
  • Such distinctive character can be achieved, for example, by taking the pictures on different areas of the photographic material and / or by individually setting the angle of incidence, the phase, the polarization and / or the wavelength of the reference beam for each picture.
  • a cube 100 is shown in which the edges of the cube 100 “visible” from the perspective emulated in FIG. 1 are designed as separate, dif ⁇ usly reflecting rods 102X, 102Y and 102Z.
  • the longitudinal axis of rod 102X is parallel to the X axis shown in the figure, while rods 101 Y and 101Z are oriented parallel to the Y and Z axes shown in the figure.
  • holographic recordings are made of the respective rods analogously to the procedure described above with regard to the plates, so that recordings of the rods are also available in all primary colors for each cube of the grid arrangement.
  • the photographs of the rods are suitable for representing outlines; the recordings of the plates are suitable for displaying surfaces. This is illustrated in the following two figures.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a pictorial representation of a stair-like structure in three-dimensional space according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • image elements are represented in three-dimensional space according to a three-dimensional grid arrangement, which corresponds to an arrangement of cubes 200.
  • brackets with X, Y and Z coordinates In line with the matrix-like arrangement of the cubes, they are provided in brackets with X, Y and Z coordinates.
  • the stair-like structure is visualized for a viewer by selectively illuminating holographic recordings of corresponding objects.
  • picture elements appear, i.e. virtual holographic images of the respective objects, in three-dimensional space, which together give the viewer the impression of the desired, in some cases staircase-like structure.
  • the step-like structure of Figure 2 consists of 7 picture elements.
  • the illustration shown corresponds to a holographic representation of the following objects: plate 201Y of the cube 200 (3.1.1), plate 201Z of the cube 200 (3.1.1), plate 201Z of the cube 200 (3.2.1), plate 201Z of Cube 200 (2,2,1), plate 201Z of Cube 200 (1,2,1), plate 201Y of Cube 200 (1,3,2) and plate 201Z of Cube 200 (1,3,2) ,
  • the hatching used in FIG. 2 serves to identify the picture elements visible by holographic reproduction and is accordingly not to be understood as a patterning of the picture elements. Due to the holographic recording and reproduction of the object on which the picture element is based, the picture element has a pattern which corresponds to the refraction or reflection properties of the object at the wavelength used in the holographic recording. According to the first embodiment, dif ⁇ us reflecting plates and / or rods serve as the basis for the picture elements. Accordingly, the holographically reproduced picture elements appear to have a rough surface similar to a sheet of frosted glass.
  • the perceived color of a picture element essentially depends on the wavelength and the intensity of the light used for the holographic representation of the picture element. Because of the wavelength specificity of holographic recordings, the first exemplary embodiment of the invention, as described above, assigns three holographic recordings to a respective picture element in order to enable the picture element to be represented in each of the three basic colors. (Both here and elsewhere in the application, a "picture element" can comprise several sub-elements - here the individual color representations - or simply correspond to such a "sub-element” - ie each color representation is to be understood as an independent picture element.
  • picture element here refers to a possibly multispectral element.
  • the light falling on a respective holographic element is controlled in its effective, that is to say perceptible to an observer, such that the picture element appears to illuminate in the desired color the perceived picture element in reality from three color-different, precisely overlapping holographic representations of an object.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a line-like structure in three-dimensional space according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • image elements are represented in three-dimensional space according to a three-dimensional grid arrangement, which corresponds to an arrangement of cubes 200.
  • brackets with X, Y and Z coordinates In line with the matrix-like arrangement of the cubes, they are provided in brackets with X, Y and Z coordinates.
  • the line-like structure is visualized for a viewer by selectively illuminating holographic recordings of corresponding objects.
  • picture elements appear, i.e. virtual holographic images of the respective objects, in three-dimensional space, which together give the viewer the impression of the desired, line-like structure in the example.
  • the line-like structure of FIG. 3 consists of 7 picture elements.
  • the representation shown corresponds to a holographic representation of the following items: rod 202Z of the cube 300 (3.1.1), rod 302Y of the cube 300 (3.1.1), rod 302X of the cube 300 (3.2.1), rod 302X of Cube 300 (2,2,1), Bar 302Y of Cube 300 (1,2,1), Bar 302Z of Cube 300 (1,3,2) and Bar 302Y of Cube 300 (1,3,2) ,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates above all the different impression that can be created by the selective illumination of different image elements.
  • the invention also provides for the simultaneous illumination of picture elements of different types, provided that this makes sense for the desired display.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the structure and function of a device according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which a virtual three-dimensional matrix-like arrangement of screen-like picture elements is used to represent voxels in three-dimensional space. Not all picture elements are in the figure, but only four image elements of a respective level 400 (1) to 400 (4) of the arrangement lying in a row are shown.
  • a laser 410 projects a light beam 413 onto a first controllably movable mirror 411, which directs the light beam 413 in the direction of a second controllably movable mirror 412. Via the second mirror 412, the light beam 413 is projected onto a pane 420 which comprises a large number of holographic elements arranged in the two-dimensional array. Due to the changeable path of the light beam 413 via the two controllably movable mirrors 411, 412, holographic elements of the pane 420 can be selectively illuminated.
  • Each of the holographic elements comprises a holographic image of a diffusely reflecting screen, the screen assigned to the respective holographic element being placed opposite the receiving photoplate during the holographic image in such a way that the entirety of the holographic elements encompassed by the disk 420 are images of a three-dimensional matrix-like arrangement of Screens covered.
  • This arrangement provided for the holographic recording corresponds to the desired virtual three-dimensional matrix-like arrangement of screen-like picture elements in the case of a holographic reproduction.
  • picture elements here voxels, can be represented virtually by selectively illuminating the holographic elements of the disk 420 assigned to the respective picture elements.
  • the light beam 413 will be refracted by a holographic element of the disk 420 such that a refracted light beam 423 strikes the eye 499 of an observer.
  • the eye 499 lies in the limited radiation area 421 of the respective holographic element.
  • the size of the picture elements of a respective level 400 (1) to 400 (4) of the three-dimensional matrix-like arrangement decreases with increasing proximity to the viewer.
  • the picture elements of level 400 (1) are larger than the picture elements of level 400 (2).
  • the levels 400 (3) and 400 (4) are larger than the real screens on which the virtual picture elements of level 400 (3) are based.
  • the arrangement of the holographic elements comprised by the disk 420 need not be similar to the virtual arrangement of the picture elements.
  • the position of a real object to be reproduced holographically as a virtual image element, which is optically recorded during the holographic recording is selected in accordance with the position of the holographic element which will later emerge relative to the desired position of the virtual image element.
  • the relationship between the arrangement of the holographic elements and the respective image elements of the device according to the invention would have to be known or ascertainable by the device according to the invention so that a desired display of image elements is possible at all by correctly selectively illuminating assigned holographic elements.
  • markings can be provided, for example, which sensibly identify the holographic elements.
  • the arrangement of the holographic elements encompassed by the disk 420 could differ from the virtual arrangement of the picture elements in particular if, instead of a spatial separation, other means (for example the phase or wavelength of the light projected onto the holographic elements) are used to holographic Selectively illuminate elements.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a conventional holographic recording technique.
  • a laser 540 projects a light beam 530, which is split into a reference beam 531 and an object beam 532 by a splitter mirror 541.
  • the reference beam 531 and the object beam 532 are steered by means of flat mirrors 542 in each case a suitable beam direction and then expanded via a respective lens 543.
  • the expanded reference beam 531 'strikes a light-sensitive photo plate 550 immediately after the expansion, while the expanded object beam 532' strikes the object 500 to be recorded holographically.
  • the expanded object beam 532 'falling on the object 500 is partially deflected as a broken object beam 532 "in the direction of the photoplate 550.
  • the result is on the photoplate 550 between the expanded reference beam 531' and the refracted object beam 532" Interference pattern photographically captured by the photoplate 550.
  • An interference pattern recorded in this way is referred to as a hologram.
  • FIG. 6A shows a schematic representation of a conventional holographic recording technique analogous to the recording technique shown in FIG. 5, while FIG. 6B contains a schematic representation of a conventional holographic reproduction technique.
  • FIG. 6A shows an object 600 to be recorded, a reference beam 631, an object beam 632 ′′ refracted on the object 600 and a photo plate 650.
  • Figure 6b shows a holographic representation of the object 600 holographically recorded according to Figure 6A as holographic, i.e. virtual, depicted object 600 '.
  • a reproduction beam 633 is irradiated onto the photo plate 650 containing the interference pattern for holographic reproduction.
  • the interference pattern is at best able to refract the reproduction beam 633 so that it acts as an extension of the refracted object beam 632 "falling on the photoplate 650 during holographic recording, the range in which the object 600 as a virtual object is limited 600 'can be reproduced holographically.
  • the hologram acts like a window. For an observer 699' who is outside this restricted area, the virtual object 600 'is imperceptible.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of the structure and function of a device according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which a plurality of holographic elements 750A to 750E are assigned to one picture element.
  • a plurality of holographic elements 750A to 750E are assigned to a picture element in order to expand the area in which holographic reproduction of a virtual object 700 ′ corresponding to the picture element is possible.
  • the holographic element has a restricted area in which holographic reproduction of an object captured by the holographic element is possible. This is shown schematically in the figure using the holographic element 750B with a restricted area 751B.
  • each of the holographic elements 750A to 750E comprises a holographic image of the same object to be reproduced holographically, each holographic image of the object being made from a position corresponding to the later arrangement of the holographic elements. That is, the holographic recordings are made in such a way that the virtual objects 700 'that can be represented by the respective holographic elements spatially match despite the spatial arrangement of the holographic elements.
  • the arrangement of the holographic elements 750A to 750E preferably results in an overlap region between adjacent holographic elements in which holographic reproduction can be perceived both by the one holographic element and by the adjacent holographic element.
  • Such an overlap area 752 between the holographic elements 750B and 750C is explicitly shown in the figure.
  • the display can either take place in such a way that all associated holographic elements are selectively illuminated synchronously, or in such a way that only a holographic element assigned to the current viewing angle of a viewer is selectively illuminated.
  • the latter requires a corresponding device for detecting the viewing angle and a corresponding design and control of the projection device.
  • At least one optical projection device which causes the display of a picture element to be displayed in three-dimensional space in that it selectively illuminates at least one holographic element associated with the image element to be displayed.
  • a plurality of the holographic elements each comprise a holographic image of a diffusely reflecting or a diffusely transmitting surface or a diffusely reflecting or a diffusely transmitting rod, wherein each surface and each rod corresponds to the cube surfaces or the cube edges of one Corresponding three-dimensional lattice-like arrangement.
  • the optical projection device is capable of illuminating at least one of the holographic elements with light of the wavelength with which a holographic recording encompassed by the respective holographic element was made.
  • the selective illumination of holographic elements comprises a spatial selection and / or a selection based on the phase, the wavelength, the angle of incidence and / or the polarization of the light projected onto the respective holographic element.
  • Device with a viewing angle detection device which detects the viewing angle of a user on the plurality of holographic elements and determines the selection of selectively illuminated holographic elements according to the viewing angle.
  • each picture element can be represented in such a way that the respective picture element appears with a correct size in perspective in relation to a predetermined viewing perspective and the perceived position of the picture element in three-dimensional space.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour représenter des éléments graphiques en trois dimensions. Ce dispositif comprend une pluralité d'éléments holographiques, associés chacun à un élément graphique, et au moins un dispositif de projection optique, lequel réalise la représentation tridimensionnelle d'un élément graphique en éclairant de manière sélective au moins un élément holographique associé à l'élément graphique à représenter, certains des éléments holographiques comprenant chacun un enregistrement holographique d'un objet à réflexion diffuse ou à transmission diffuse.
PCT/EP2002/002915 2001-03-16 2002-03-15 Procede et dispositif pour la representation tridimensionnelle d'elements graphiques WO2002075433A2 (fr)

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AU2002304863A AU2002304863A1 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-03-15 Method and device for the three-dimensional representation of image elements
DE10291111T DE10291111D2 (de) 2001-03-16 2002-03-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Darstellung von Bildelementen im dreidimensionalen Raum

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DE10114068.1 2001-03-16

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006006735A1 (de) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-23 Werner, Marcus Verfahren zur holographischen Darstellung interaktiver Inhalte
EP2615495A4 (fr) * 2010-09-08 2014-04-02 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Dispositif d'éclairage, dispositif de projection, et écran vidéo de type projection
WO2016202940A1 (fr) * 2015-06-16 2016-12-22 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Système et procédé de signalisation holographique pour véhicule

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DE3419098A1 (de) * 1984-05-23 1985-11-28 Hartmut Dr. 8520 Erlangen Bartelt Bildschirm zur raeumlich-dreidimensionalen darstellung von bildern, graphiken und sonstigen daten
US5430560A (en) * 1992-12-18 1995-07-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Three-dimensional image display device
WO1999000993A1 (fr) * 1997-06-28 1999-01-07 The Secretary Of State For Defence Affichage autostereoscopique
US5926294A (en) * 1995-12-12 1999-07-20 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Three-dimensional image display device having an elementary hologram panel and method for manufacturing the elementary hologram panel
DE19837425A1 (de) * 1998-08-18 2000-03-02 Andre Srowig Vorrichtung zur volumetrischen Wiedergabe eines dreidimensionalen Bildes in autostereoskopischer Darstellung durch gepulste Plasmaerzeugung in natürlicher Atmosphäre mittels eines einzelnen fokussierten Laserstrahls

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3419098A1 (de) * 1984-05-23 1985-11-28 Hartmut Dr. 8520 Erlangen Bartelt Bildschirm zur raeumlich-dreidimensionalen darstellung von bildern, graphiken und sonstigen daten
US5430560A (en) * 1992-12-18 1995-07-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Three-dimensional image display device
US5926294A (en) * 1995-12-12 1999-07-20 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Three-dimensional image display device having an elementary hologram panel and method for manufacturing the elementary hologram panel
WO1999000993A1 (fr) * 1997-06-28 1999-01-07 The Secretary Of State For Defence Affichage autostereoscopique
DE19837425A1 (de) * 1998-08-18 2000-03-02 Andre Srowig Vorrichtung zur volumetrischen Wiedergabe eines dreidimensionalen Bildes in autostereoskopischer Darstellung durch gepulste Plasmaerzeugung in natürlicher Atmosphäre mittels eines einzelnen fokussierten Laserstrahls

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006006735A1 (de) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-23 Werner, Marcus Verfahren zur holographischen Darstellung interaktiver Inhalte
EP2615495A4 (fr) * 2010-09-08 2014-04-02 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Dispositif d'éclairage, dispositif de projection, et écran vidéo de type projection
EP2720089A3 (fr) * 2010-09-08 2014-07-02 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'éclairage, dispositif de projection et dispositif d'affichage d'images de type projecteur
US9176365B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2015-11-03 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Illumination device, projection device, and projection-type image display device
WO2016202940A1 (fr) * 2015-06-16 2016-12-22 Jaguar Land Rover Limited Système et procédé de signalisation holographique pour véhicule

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AU2002304863A1 (en) 2002-10-03
DE10291111D2 (de) 2004-04-15

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