WO2002073031A1 - Pale pour eolienne - Google Patents

Pale pour eolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002073031A1
WO2002073031A1 PCT/DK2002/000170 DK0200170W WO02073031A1 WO 2002073031 A1 WO2002073031 A1 WO 2002073031A1 DK 0200170 W DK0200170 W DK 0200170W WO 02073031 A1 WO02073031 A1 WO 02073031A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wing
mass
wind
rotor
wind turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2002/000170
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Benny Klemar
Original Assignee
Benny Klemar
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Benny Klemar filed Critical Benny Klemar
Publication of WO2002073031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002073031A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F05B2240/311—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape flexible or elastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wing for a wind turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the increased length of the wings also results in that the wings requirement for the stiffness of the wing is increased in order to ensure that the wing is not bent so much that a wing of a rotor might hit the tower of the wind turbine under extreme whether conditions, since the wind turbine is most frequently provided with a rotor, which is arranged upwind with respect to the tower. Moreover, the requirements for strength of the wings are increased, since the enlargement of the wing amongst other things results in an increased dead load.
  • a wing of a wind turbine will deflect backwards relative to the rotor plane because of the wind load.
  • the centrifugal forces, which are created by the rotation, will attempt to straighten the wing.
  • This stretching force depends on the distribution of the mass of the wing, the cone angle of the rotor and the speed of rotation.
  • the centre of gravity is typically positioned in a distance of about 1/3 of the entire length from the wing root as the thickness of the wing is considerably larger at the root end than at the tip end due to e.g. strength requirements.
  • the straightening function is quite small due to the relative low mass of the outermost part of the wing.
  • advantage is made of the centrifugal force from the wing itself and from one or more built-in masses with relatively high density built in at the wing tip or in the vicinity thereof and possibly also at one or more other locations in the wing.
  • an increased straightening force is created, which is sufficient in size for the purpose of reducing the deflection of the wing and thereby the flap-wise moment in the wing.
  • the wing By an increased wind load, the wing will deflect backwards relative to the wind direction.
  • the angle relative to the rotation plane is increased, which results in a straightening force perpendicular on the rotor plane, which completely or partially will compensate for the flap-wise moment and results in a simultaneous achievement of the desired geometric shape of the deflection.
  • the masses contribute to stretching the wing, so it remains at least approximately straight. This is of immense importance with respect to the regulation of the angle of attack of the wing, in particular at high pitch velocities.
  • a wing which is deflected due to the wind load, will move in an inappropriate and uncontrolled manner by a change in the pitch angle, i.e. the angle of attack.
  • a more predictable aerodynamical effect by the pitch regulation may be achieved.
  • the wing is preferably substantially made of fibre-reinforced material, such as e.g. glass fibre and/or carbon fibre.
  • a flexible wing with a high tensile strength may be achieved.
  • the weight of the wing may be reduced as the requirements for flap-wise rigidity is reduced.
  • the efficiency of a wing is expressed by the relation between the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient of the wing (C L /C D ), the so-called glide ratio or L/D ratio.
  • One of the ways to reduce the drag coefficient and thereby improve the L/D ratio is by reducing the thickness of the wing.
  • a wing according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is provided with mass concentrations in the outermost 2/3 rd of the wing in order to increase the straightening force.
  • mass concentrations comprise embedded sand, lead or similar material having a high mass density, said mass being arranged at least near the tip of the wing.
  • the mass concentrations as one or more cavities, such as one or more tanks in the wings at the wing tip and/or in a predetermined distance therefrom in the outmost part of the wing, where cavities are completely or partially filled with material with a relative high mass density, a particularly effective mass distribution may be achieved for the creation of the desired wing geometry for the wing, when it is in use.
  • the tanks are preferably completely or partially filled with material with a flowable material, such as a granular material or a liquid. It is thus possible to make the mass of the at least one tank variable as the wing moreover comprises means for regulating the mass in the tank, said means including controlling the inlet and outlet of flowable material to and from the at least one tank and means for retaining the material in the tank.
  • the flowable material is preferably selected from a group of materials comprising sand, lead balls and high density granulates.
  • the flowable material may be a liquid selected from a group of materials comprising water, glycols, and other similar liquids or mixtures thereof or mercury. It is to be ensured that this liquid is prevented from freezing, since the ability to regulate the mass concentration otherwise would be blocked, just as there would be a risk of structural damage to the wing construction in the event of a volume increase due to freezing of the liquid. This risk is naturally eliminated by use of a flowable granular material, however one should ensure when using a granular material that this material cannot change its state of the material when exposed to the rather big temperature changes that may occur in a wind turbine wing.
  • the wing is preferably dimensioned in such a way that the wing deflection, out of the rotor plane due to the impact of the wind, is completely or partially equalized by a straightening force provided by the centrifugal force of the masses, and which is created when the wing is deflected backwards in the wind by the wing angle relative to the rotor plane without a wind load.
  • the wing may also be mounted with a backwardly directed angle in relation to the rotation plane.
  • a wing according to the invention may be mounted with a fixed cone angle relative to the plane of rotation, preferably between 1° and 60°.
  • the straightening flap-wise force will be increased, and hereby contribute to furnish the wing with the desired aerodynamic deflection geometry.
  • components for adjustment of the cone angle may be eliminated, as it is otherwise known from US-A-5,584,655, since the variable masses in the wings, combined with a fixed cone angle, exceed the effect which may occur by varying the cone angle combined with a known wing without extra masses built-in near the wing tip.
  • the wing is mounted in a rotor, which is arranged in the lee side relative to the tower of the wind turbine.
  • the wing may be mounted in a rotor, which is arranged in the wind side relative to the tower of the wind turbine.
  • fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a wind turbine with a rotor having wings according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • fig. 2 shows a use of a wing according to the invention in another type of wind turbine
  • fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a wing with a built-in adjustable mass distribution according to the invention.
  • the wind turbine comprise a tower 1, which on the top is provided with a nacelle 2, which is connected to a rotor having a number of wings 3 arranged in the wind side with respect to the tower 1.
  • a mass concentration 4 is built in at least in the tip of the wings.
  • the mass concentration 4 may consist of an embedding of one or more of the previously mentioned materials.
  • the wind load on the wings 3, as indicated by N, results in a backward deflection of the wing 3.
  • the centrifugal force from the discrete mass 4 and potentially other masses and the dead load of the wing will by rotation of the wing, provide a centrifugal force C, which will create a straightening force F which will prevent the deflection deriving from the wind load.
  • each of the wings 3 in the rotor is provided with a mass concentration at the tips and possibly one or more mass concentrations in a predetermined distance therefrom.
  • the wing 3 itself may be more flexibly dimensioned, since the wing may be dimensioned with a focus on considerations concerning the increased tension forces rather than with a focus on achieving a high rigidity.
  • the requirements for flap-wise rigidity may be reduced significantly by a wing according to the invention.
  • the flap-wise rigidity is achieved by exploiting the centrifugal force C from the wing and the built-in mass 4 in the wing tip for a complete or partial elimination of the flap-wise moment.
  • the choice of material for the wing 3 may be similar to the known wing constructions, e.g. a glass fibre and/or carbon fibre reinforced wing construction.
  • the wing may also be constructed in other materials and combinations thereof.
  • the mass concentrations may be provided by embedding of a material with high density, e.g. lead on predetermined discrete points in the wing. Alternatively or as a supplement to this, the mass concentrations may be created by inserting one or more wing tanks 5 or similar cavities in which a flowable material 6 may be accumulated, as shown in figure 3.
  • a wing according to the invention is suitable for use in a rotor which is placed in the lee side with respect to the tower, as shown in fig. 2.
  • the wings 3 in the rotor are mounted via a hub in the nacelle 2 with a backwardly projecting angle of e.g. 20°.
  • wing tip masses may as mentioned earlier be built in either "directly" embedded or inserted e.g. in wing tanks 5.
  • a mass 4 may be embedded in the wing 3 just as a wing tank 5 may be arranged which is connected to regulation means 7 for adjusting the content of flowable material 6, which is provided in the wing tank 5.
  • the flowable material may be a liquid, e.g. mercury, water, glycol or the like. It must however be ensured that the liquid is prevented from freezing with respect to the temperature range that the wing may be exposed to during operation.
  • the material may be flowable granulates, such as sand, small metal balls or the like.
  • the means 7 for regulation of the content in the tanks 5 may e.g. comprise one or more pipe or tube connections, which via pump means and at least one stop valve, are in connection with a reservoir of flowable weight material.
  • the mass in the tank 5 may be changed and the wing may thereby be adjusted to the desired deflection profile by different wind speeds.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pale pour une éolienne munie d'une ou plusieurs pales montées sur un rotor. Chaque pale possède une certaine rigidité vers les volets, et la masse est répartie dans la pale de manière prédéterminée, à des fins de redressement de la pale par sa rotation. La pale est munie d'une ou plusieurs concentrations de masses vers son extrémité ou à proximité de celle-ci. De cette manière, une force de redressement perpendiculaire se crée dans le plan du rotor, qui peut éliminer le moment de la pale dirigé vers les volets. Par conséquent, on réduit les exigences en termes de rigidité de la pale et de son poids global.
PCT/DK2002/000170 2001-03-14 2002-03-13 Pale pour eolienne WO2002073031A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200100437 2001-03-14
DKPA200100437 2001-03-14
DKPA200100479 2001-03-22
DKPA200100479 2001-03-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002073031A1 true WO2002073031A1 (fr) 2002-09-19

Family

ID=26068985

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK2002/000170 WO2002073031A1 (fr) 2001-03-14 2002-03-13 Pale pour eolienne

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2002073031A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006029593A1 (fr) * 2004-09-18 2006-03-23 Aerodyn Energiesysteme Gmbh Eolienne a pales elastiquement flexibles
WO2006133715A1 (fr) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Lm Glasfiber A/S Pale à bout articulé
DE102006020257A1 (de) * 2006-04-27 2007-10-31 Daubner & Stommel Gbr Bau-Werk-Planung Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage
WO2008003330A1 (fr) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-10 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Technical University Of Denmark) géométrie à section de bord de fuite variable pour pale d' éolienne
WO2008003950A2 (fr) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-10 The University Of Nottingham Conversion d'énergie
EP1596063B1 (fr) 2004-05-11 2016-09-28 Senvion GmbH Eolienne avec pales de rotor courbées

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE110260C1 (fr) *
US3574484A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-04-13 Harold R Lamb Jr Rotor blade heavy core tuning weight
WO1999014490A1 (fr) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-25 Lm Glasfiber A/S Rotor d'eolienne et pales correspondantes
WO1999032789A1 (fr) * 1997-12-09 1999-07-01 Lm Glasfiber A/S Pale d'eolienne a amortisseur de vibrations

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE110260C1 (fr) *
US3574484A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-04-13 Harold R Lamb Jr Rotor blade heavy core tuning weight
WO1999014490A1 (fr) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-25 Lm Glasfiber A/S Rotor d'eolienne et pales correspondantes
WO1999032789A1 (fr) * 1997-12-09 1999-07-01 Lm Glasfiber A/S Pale d'eolienne a amortisseur de vibrations

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1596063B1 (fr) 2004-05-11 2016-09-28 Senvion GmbH Eolienne avec pales de rotor courbées
WO2006029593A1 (fr) * 2004-09-18 2006-03-23 Aerodyn Energiesysteme Gmbh Eolienne a pales elastiquement flexibles
WO2006133715A1 (fr) * 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Lm Glasfiber A/S Pale à bout articulé
DE102006020257A1 (de) * 2006-04-27 2007-10-31 Daubner & Stommel Gbr Bau-Werk-Planung Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage
US7878760B2 (en) 2006-04-27 2011-02-01 Daubner & Stommel Gbr Bau-Werk-Planung Method for operating a wind power plant
WO2008003950A2 (fr) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-10 The University Of Nottingham Conversion d'énergie
WO2008003950A3 (fr) * 2006-07-04 2008-10-02 Univ Nottingham Conversion d'énergie
WO2008003330A1 (fr) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-10 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Technical University Of Denmark) géométrie à section de bord de fuite variable pour pale d' éolienne
US8419363B2 (en) 2006-07-07 2013-04-16 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Variable trailing edge section geometry for wind turbine blade

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