WO2002069745A1 - Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition - Google Patents
Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002069745A1 WO2002069745A1 PCT/US2002/005149 US0205149W WO02069745A1 WO 2002069745 A1 WO2002069745 A1 WO 2002069745A1 US 0205149 W US0205149 W US 0205149W WO 02069745 A1 WO02069745 A1 WO 02069745A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- cigarette
- flavor
- adsorbent
- component
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 96
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019568 aromas Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039424 Salivary hypersecretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000026451 salivation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
- A24D3/048—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure containing additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
- A24D3/163—Carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to smoking articles such as cigarettes, and in particular, to cigarettes that include filter segments comprising an adsorbent and fibrous and/or web filter materials and that are configured for advantageous removal of gas phase components from mainstream smoke.
- Smoking articles generally comprise a tobacco rod of shredded tobacco (usually, in cut filler form) surrounded by a paper wrapper, and a cylindrical filter aligned in an end-to-end relationship with the tobacco rod.
- the filter includes a plug of cellulose acetate tow attached to the tobacco rod by tipping paper. Ventilation of mainstream smoke is achieved with a row or rows of perforations about a location along the filter. Such ventilation provides dilution of drawn mainstream smoke with ambient air to reduce the delivery of tar.
- Particulate efficiency of a filter is typically resolved as the level of tar into a filter minus tar level out of the filter divided by the tar level into the filter. Ventilation tends to lower particulate efficiency of a filter.
- a smoker Upon lighting a cigarette, a smoker draws mainstream smoke from the coal at the lit end of the cigarette.
- the drawn cigarette smoke first enters the upstream end portion of the filter and then passes through the downstream portion adjacent the buccal (mouth) end of the cigarette.
- Certain cigarettes have filter segments which incorporate adsorbent materials such as activated carbon, and examples of such are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,881 ,770 to Tovey; 3,353, 543 to Sproull et al.; 3,101 ,723 to Seligman et al.; and 4,481 ,958 to Ranier et al.
- Certain commercially available filters have particles or granules of carbon (e.g., an activated carbon material) alone or dispersed within a cellulose acetate tow; other commercially available filters have carbon threads dispersed therein; while still other commercially available filters have so-called "plug- space-plug", “cavity filter” or “triple filter” designs.
- Cigarette filter elements which incorporate carbon have the ability to remove constituents of mainstream smoke which passes therethrough.
- activated carbon has the propensity to reduce the levels of certain gas phase components present in the mainstream smoke, resulting in a change in the organoleptic properties of that smoke.
- a cigarette having a cigarette filter incorporating carbon and/or other materials capable of absorbing and/or adsorbing gas phase components present in mainstream cigarette smoke, while providing favorable absorption/adsorption, dilution and drawing characteristics, and adding flavor to the filtered smoke so as to enhance consumer acceptability.
- the adsorbent is also flavor-bearing and comprises high surface area, activated carbon.
- Ventilation is provided to limit the amount of tobacco being combusted during each puff and is arranged at a location spaced downstream from the adsorbent bed to lower mainstream smoke velocity through the adsorbent bed.
- the carbon bed comprises at least 90 to120 mg or greater of carbon in a fully filled condition or 160 to 180 mg or greater of carbon in a 85% filled condition or better, which in combination with other features provides a flavorful cigarette that achieves significant reductions in gas phase constituents of the mainstream smoke, including 90% reductions or greater in 1 , 3 butadiene, acrolein, isoprene, propionaldehyde, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, styrene, and 80% reductions or greater in acetaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.
- both the downstream flavor releasing segment and the flavor-bearing carbon bed contribute a flavor note throughout all puffs of a smoking, but the flavor contribution of the downstream segment is greater during the initial puffs than during later puffs. Conversely, the flavor contribution of the carbon bed is greater during the later puffs. Flavor delivery is therefore balanced and consistent throughout the entire smoking process.
- the present invention addresses the desirability of achieving optimum residence times for the smoke in the regions of the filter bearing the adsorbent material while also achieving favorable dilution of the smoke with ambient air and inducing an acceptable resistance to draw as is expected by most smokers.
- Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details;
- Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details;
- Figure 3 is a fragmental sectional view of a modified downstream flavor-releasing segment, according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a side elevational view of still another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and multi-component filter, according to the present invention, with portions broken away to show interior details
- Figure 5 is a side elevational view of another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter according to the present invention, with portions broken away to show interior details
- Figure 6 is a graphical representation of carbon loading versus acrolein reduction with handmade cigarettes constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1 ;
- Figure 7A is graphical representation of carbon loading versus 1, 3 butadiene reduction with handmade cigarettes constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1 ;
- Figure 7B is graphical representation of carbon loading versus levels of 1 , 3 butadiene with machine made cigarettes constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1 with a 12mm long cavity;
- Figure 8 is a side elevational view of another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details.
- Figure 9 is a side elevational view of still another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details;
- Figure 10 is a fragmental sectional view of a modified downstream flavor- releasing segment, according to the present invention.
- FIG 11 is a side elevational view of another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a cigarette 10 comprising a rod of smokable material 12 such as shredded tobacco and a multi-component filter 14 attached to the rod 12 with a tipping paper 16.
- a tipping paper 16 Upon lighting of the cigarette 10, mainstream smoke is generated by and drawn from the tobacco rod 12 and through the filter 14.
- the filter 14 comprises a first, upstream adsorbent-bearing segment 15 and a mouth end (mouthpiece) component 22.
- the adsorbent-bearing segment 15 comprises a plug-space-plug filter sub-assembly that includes a central filter component 17, a tobacco end component 18 in spaced apart relation to the central filter component 17 so as to define a cavity 19 therebetween, and a bed of high surface area, activated carbon material 20 disposed in the cavity 19.
- the tobacco end component 18 is located adjacent the tobacco rod 12 and preferably, comprises a plug of cellulose acetate tow of low resistance to draw (“RTD").
- the tobacco end component 18 is made as short as possible within the limits of highspeed machineability and preferably has the lowest particulate RTD amongst the filter components comprising the multi-component filter 14.
- the mouth end (buccal) component 22 is preferably in the form of a cellulose acetate plug or other suitable fibrous or webbed material of moderate to low particulate efficiency.
- the particulate efficiency is low, with the denier and grand total denier being selected such that the desired total RTD of the multi-component filter 14 is achieved.
- the carbon of the adsorbent bed 20 is in the form of granules and the like.
- the carbon of the preferred embodiment is a high surface area, activated carbon, for example a coconut shell based carbon of typical AST mesh size used in the cigarette industry or finer.
- the bed of activated carbon is adapted to adsorb constituents of mainstream smoke, particularly, those of the gas phase including aldehydes, ketones and other volatile organic compounds, and in particular 1 , 3 butadiene, acrolein, isoprene, propionaldehyde, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, styrene, acetaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.
- Adsorbent materials other than carbon may be used as explained below.
- the carbon particles 20 it is preferred that they have a mesh size of from 10 to 70, and more preferably a mesh size of 20 to 50.
- the adsorbent bed 20 is flavor-bearing or otherwise impregnated with a flavor so that the adsorbent bed 20 of the upstream adsorbent bearing segment 15 is adapted not only to remove one or more gas phase smoke constituents from mainstream smoke, but also to release flavor into the mainstream smoke stream.
- flavor is added to the carbon by spraying flavorant upon a batch of activated carbon in a mixing (tumbling) drum or alternatively in a fluidized bed with nitrogen as the fluidizing agent, wherein flavorant may then be sprayed onto the carbon in the bed.
- the central filter component 17of the multi-component filter 14 preferably comprises a plug 26 of fibrous filter material, preferably cellulose acetate tow of a moderate to low particulate efficiency and RTD, together with one or more flavor-bearing yarns 27.
- a plug 26 of fibrous filter material preferably cellulose acetate tow of a moderate to low particulate efficiency and RTD
- Flavor thread bearing filter plugs may be obtained from the American Filtrona Company, 8410 Jefferson Davis Highway, Richmond, Virginia 23237- 1341 and a suitable construction for the central filter component 17 is described in U.S. Patent No.4,281 ,671 , which patent is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the central filter component 17 and its flavor yarn 27 is located downstream of the flavor-bearing, carbon bed 20.
- the preferred practice of the present invention includes a release of flavor from both the bed 20 of flavored carbon and the flavor yarn 27 located downstream thereof, so as to achieve a balanced, consistent delivery of tastes and aromas throughout a smoking.
- one or more circumferential rows of perforations 24 are formed through the tipping paper 16 at a location along the central component 17 and downstream of the bed of flavored carbon 20, preferably at the upstream end portion of the central component 17 adjacent the carbon bed 20.
- the preferred placement maximizes distance between the buccal end 9 of the cigarette and the perforations 24, which preferably is at least 12 mm (millimeters) or more so that a smoker's lips do not occlude the perforations 24.
- the level of ventilation is preferably in the range of 40 to 60% and more preferably approximately 45 to 55 % in a 6 mg FTC tar delivery cigarette.
- Ventilation not only provides dilution of the mainstream smoke but also effects a reduction of the amount of tobacco combusted during each puff when coupled with a low particulate efficiency filter 14. Ventilation reduces drawing action on the coal and thereby reduces the amount of tobacco that is combusted during a puff. As a result, absolute quantities of smoke constituents are reduced.
- the various filter components are provided low particulate efficiencies and the amount of ventilation is selected such that differences between the desired FTC tar delivery of the cigarette and the output the tobacco rod 12 are minimized.
- Such arrangement improves the ratio of carbon monoxide content of the delivered smoke to its FTC tar level (CO to Tar ratio).
- prior practices tended to first establish an output level of the tobacco rod 12 and utilized particulate filtration to drive FTC tar delivery down to a desired level. These prior practices tended to combust an excess of tobacco, and accordingly, exhibit higher CO to Tar ratios than typically achieved with the present invention.
- the perforations 24 of the present invention are located downstream from the carbon bed 20 so that mainstream smoke velocity through the carbon bed 20 is reduced and dwell time of the main stream smoke amongst the carbon bed 20 is increased.
- the extra dwell time increases the effectiveness of the activated carbon in reducing targeted mainstream smoke constituents.
- the smoke is diluted by ambient air passing through perforations 24 and mixing with the mainstrem smoke to achieve air dilution in the approximate range of 45-65%. For example, with 50% air dilution, the flow through the cigarette upstream of the dilution perforations is reduced 50% thereby reducing the smoke velocity by 50%.
- the carbon bed comprises at least 90 to120 mg (milligrams) or greater of carbon in a fully filled condition or 160 to 180 mg or greater of carbon in a 85% filled condition or better in the cavity 19, which in combination with the extra dwell time and flavor release as described above, provides a flavorful cigarette that achieves significant reductions in gas phase constituents of the mainstream smoke, including 90% reductions or greater in 1, 3 butadiene, acrolein, isoprene, propionaldehyde, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, styrene, and 80% reductions or greater in acetaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.
- the elevated carbon loading also assures an adequate activity level sufficient to achieve such reductions throughout the expected shelf-life of the product (six months or less).
- the length of tobacco rod 12 is preferably 49 mm, and the length of the multi-component filter 14 m is preferably 34 mm.
- the length of the four filter components of cigarette 10 in the preferred embodiment is as follows: the tobacco end component 18 is preferably 6 mm; the length of the carbon bed 20 is preferably 12 mm for carbon loading of 180 mg; the central component 17 is preferably 8 mm; and mouth end component 22 is preferably 8 mm.
- Overall the level of "tar" (FTC) is preferably in the range of 6 mg with a puff count of 7 or greater.
- All of the components 17, 18, 20 and 22 are of low particulate efficiency, and preferably, amongst all the fibrous or web segments (17, 18 and 22), the tobacco end component 18 is of lowest RTD and particulate efficiency because it is upstream of the ventilation and therefore has greater effect upon the mainstream smoke. Unlike those other fibrous or webbed components, the tobacco end component 18 receives the mainstream smoke in the absence of a diluting air stream.
- Tobacco rod 12 may be wrapped with a convention cigarette wrapper or banded paper may be used for this purpose.
- Banded cigarette paper has spaced apart integrated cellulose bands 21 that encircle the finished tobacco rod of cigarette 10 to modify the mass burn rate of the cigarette so as to reduce risk of igniting a substrate if the cigarette 10 is left thereon smoldering.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 5,263,999 and 5,997,691 describe banded cigarette paper, which patents are incorporated herein in their entirety.
- Table I below provides details with respect to the various components of cigarette 10 shown in Figure 1 of the drawing.
- the preferred RTD of the central component 17 includes an unventilated value and ventilated value, and that with ventilation with central component 17 in accordance with the first preferred embodiment, the RTD of the central component 17 is approximately equal to that of mouth end component 22 or thereabout. Accordingly, a majority of the filter RTD is established downstream of the ventilation, and advantageously such arrangement couples the location of RTD generation with that portion subject to addition of ventilating airflow so that particulate efficiency can be maintained at lower levels, while at the same time contributing a majority of a desired total RTD for the filter.
- the tobacco end component 18 is that component having the lowest RTD and particulate efficiency because it is upstream of the ventilation and subject to an undiluted stream of mainstream smoke.
- the impact of the tobacco end component in removing tar is minimized so that tar output of the tobacco rod is minimized and the amount of tobacco burned per puff is in turn minimized.
- the particulate efficiency for the entire filter 14 is preferably in the range of approximately 40 to 45% as measured under USA/ FTC smoking conditions (35 cubic centimeter puff over two seconds).
- Line A is a progression of data points that were established from testing hand-made cigarettes of a design as shown for the preferred embodiment of Figure 1 and having a cavity 19 of a fixed 10mm length so that throughout the progression of data points, volume of the cavity 19 remained constant while the amount of carbon loading was increased from 10Omg to approximately 160mg while moving from left to right along Line A in Figure 6.
- the progression indicates that when such a cavity is partially filled with a 100mg of carbon (a condition wherein substantial space remains unfilled), the effectiveness of the carbon in reducing acrolein is reduced substantialy.
- Line B in Figure 6 is a progression of data points generated with cigarettes of the construction shown in the preferred embodiment, wherein, cavity space is equal to or approximately equal to carbon volume so that unfilled space is minimized and bypass flows about the carbon bed are avoided.
- the desired effectiveness of removing acroleins is achievable with carbon loadings in the range of approximately 90 to 10Omg.
- the partially filled cavities represented in line A do not achieve a desired 90% or more reduction of acrolein until the cavity is loaded with a much greater amount of carbon, namely 160mg or more.
- Line A represents a progression of data points generated with cigarettes of similar construction to that of the preferred embodiment of Figure 1 , wherein a 10mm long cavity is maintained at constant volume while ever increasing carbon load is placed in the cavity from 10Omg to approximately 160mg.
- Line B in Figure 7A represents data from cigarettes of similar construction to that of the preferred embodiment but wherein the volume of the cavity is approximately equal to that of the carbon so that unfilled space is minimized and bypass flows are avoided.
- This data indicates that a filter in a fully filled condition of approximately 80 to 10Omg is adequate for achieving a desired level of reduction in 1 ,3 butadiene (90% removal or better), whereas such occurs at line A at a substantially great quantity (approximately160mg).
- FIG. 7B is graphical representation of carbon loading versus levels of 1 ,3 butadiene with machine made cigarettes constructed in accordance with the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1 with a 12mm long cavity 19.
- the fill level was determined using an untamped fill methodology with a gauge cylinder.
- the trends shown therein indicate that machine made cigarettes constructed with a target fill percentage of 83%, will produce approximately a 90% reduction of 1 ,3 butadiene in relation to levels of such in 1 R4F cigarettes.
- a target average of 85% or greater percent fill will yield a greater than a 90% reduction of 1 ,3 butadiene in relation to levels of such in 1R4F cigarettes in a 12 mm cavity, using a high surface area, activated carbon.
- the high surface area carbon has a specific surface area (square meters per gram) of approximately 1000 square meters per gram or greater.
- the filter segments operate together to release flavor into the smoke stream and both sources of flavor provide balance to the aromas and taste of the mainstream smoke throughout a smoking. It is further believed that the bulk of the flavor in central component 17 from the flavor yarn 27 is released early and such release diminishes over time while the flavor released from the carbon bed 20 increases overtime with more of the flavor released later in the smoking of the cigarette. Having flavors on both the carbon bed 20 and in or about the central component 17 balance flavor delivery and improve shelf life of the cigarette 10.
- the preferred amount of flavorant loading is 3 to 6mg in the carbon 20, more preferably approximately 4 or 5 mg, and likewise, the preferred amount of flavorant loading is 3 to 6mg in the yarn 27, more preferably approximately 4 or 5mg. It is to be understood that reference to a 180mg loading of flavored carbon herein is inclusive of the flavorant.
- FIG. 2 another preferred embodiment provides a modified cigarette 10A with the same filter segments as cigarette 10 of Figure 1, but with a slightly different mutual arrangement of the segments, and similar reference characters are used to identify similar parts.
- the flavor-releasing yarn element 27 is located in the mouth end component 22 at the buccal (mouth) end of the cigarettel 0A, downstream from the flavored carbon bed 20 and spaced therefrom by the central component 17.
- a plasticizer such as triacetin may be applied to the flavor yarn 27 to hold the yarn in place within component 17and prevent the yarn from being draw out of the filter during smoking.
- the flavor yarn 27 may be braided together to achieve the same result.
- ventilation 24 is provided at a location along the cental filter component 17adjacent to but downstream of the flavored carbon bed 20.
- Table II below provides further details and alternatives with respect to the various components of cigarette 10A of Figure 2 of the drawing.
- Figure 3 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the additional flavor-releasing component 17shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the flavor-releasing component 17A shown in Figure 3 comprising a cellulose acetate plug 50 of low particulate efficiency surrounded by a plug wrap 52.
- Combining wrap 54 surrounds to plug wrap as well as the remaining components of the multi-component filter 14 (not shown).
- Flavor is applied to the plug wrap 52 or to the outside of the cellulose acetate plug 50 for imparting flavor to the cigarette smoke as it passes through plug 50.
- flavor may be applied to the combining wrap 54 in the area of cellulose acetate plug 50, or the flavor may be incorporated as a component of the plasticizer of plug 50.
- Flavor systems may be selected for specific subjective qualities (sweetness, salivation, aroma, and so on) and selected to contain ingredients within a molecular weight range (impacting boiling points, flash points, ambient vapor pressures, and so on) for retention in granulated activated carbon.
- the flavor system may be stored within an activated carbon of a given specification (granular size, measured activity, ash content, pore distribution, etc.) to allow the flavor system to be released to the cigarette smoke stream in a gradual controlled manner.
- an activated carbon of a given specification (granular size, measured activity, ash content, pore distribution, etc.) to allow the flavor system to be released to the cigarette smoke stream in a gradual controlled manner.
- the flavor system is displaced from the activated carbon by semi-volatile components in the smoke stream that are adsorbed more strongly by the activated carbon.
- these smoke components are generally of higher molecular weights than the ingredients in the flavor system. Because of the different adsorption sights inside the carbon different adsorption energies, and potentials for heats of adsorption, are realized creating a gradual release of the flavor system as more and more of the semi-volatile smoke components are adsorbed. Not wishing to be bound by theory, the present invention utilizes the observable phenomenon that activated carbon (or other adsorbent) bearing a first adsorbate of a low heat of adsorption will release a fraction of the first adsorbate in the presence of a second adsorbable agent having a greater heat of adsorption.
- the activated carbon 20 is at first loaded with a flavorant, which preferably has a sufficiently low heat of adsorption in relation to heats of adsorption of organic gas constituents of mainstream smoke.
- the present invention utilizes interaction between remaining activity sites in the flavorant-bearing carbon 20 and the organic gas constituents of passing mainstream smoke that have the higher heats of adsorption to produce heat which drives off (releases) a fraction of the flavorant into the passing mainstream smoke.
- FIG. 4 shows another cigarette 10B comprising a tobacco rod 12 and a multi- component filter 14 attached to the rod with tipping paper 16.
- Filter 14 comprises a plug-space-plug, carbon filled type of filter segment 15 wherein a generous bed of flavored carbon material 20 is disposed between first and second filler plugs 18, 26.
- the plugs 18 and 26 each comprises a cellulose acetate tow of low particulate efficiency, and tow 26 includes one or more flavor-bearing yarns 27.
- cellulose acetate plug 18 may be sprinkled with carbon, if desired.
- the activated carbon material 20 serves as an adsorbent of smoke constituents of mainstream smoke, for example aldehydes, ketones and other volatile organic compounds.
- the activated carbon material may have the flavorant on the surface thereof and such flavoring is released into mainstream smoke during smoking of cigarette 10B.
- Perforations 24 at or about plug 26 provide both dilution of the mainstream smoke by ambient air and a reduction of the amount of tobacco combusted during each puff. Ventilation reduces production and delivery of particulate (tar) and gas phase (co) constituents during a puff.
- FIG. 5 shows a cigarette 10C very similar to the cigarette 10B illustrated in Figure 4, and similar reference characters have been used to identify similar parts. However, cigarette 10C is recessed at the buccal end 60, and heavy tipping paper 62 may be utilized.
- FIG 8 illustrates another cigarette 10D of the present invention where components similar to those of cigarette 10A ( Figure 2) are identified with similar reference numerals.
- Cigarette 10D also includes a multi-component filter 14D but an RTD filter plug 30 is used in place of the second cellulose tow 22 of cigarette 10A.
- Filter plug 30 is positioned between the activated carbon material 20 and flavor-releasing component 17, and the plug 30 may comprise an impervious hollow plastic tube closed by crimping at the upstream end thereof.
- U.S. Pat. No 4,357,950 describes such a plug, which patent is hereby incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety.
- such filter components may be obtained from the aforementioned American Filtrona Company of Richmond, Virginia.
- a transition region 32 is provided from a generally circular cross-sectional region 34 of activated carbon material 20 having a low pressure drop to a generally annular cross-sectional region 36 having a high pressure drop.
- This transition region and the downstream location of perforations 24 results in high retention or residence times for the mainstream smoke upstream of the perforations.
- favorable reduction in gas phase components is achieved per puff of cigarette 10D, along with favorable dilution by ambient air and acceptable drawing characteristics. Flavor is released to the diluted mainstream smoke as it passes through the flavor-releasing component 17.
- the adsorbent bed 20 comprises a flavor-bearing, activated carbon.
- the length of tobacco rod 12 of cigarette 10D may be 45 mm, and the length of multi-component filter 14D may be 38 mm.
- the length of the four filter segments of filter 14D is as follows: cellulose acetate tow 18 is 6 mm; carbon material length is 10 mm; filter plug 30 is 14 mm; and the flavor-releasing component 17is 8 mm.
- the level of FTC tar may be 4 to 10 mg.
- the filter plug 30 may also include a low efficiency cellulose acetate tow 38 on the outside thereof.
- the transition 32 from the generally circular cross-section 34 to the generally annular cross-section 36 and the downstream location of the air dilution perforations 24 increases the pressure drop and increases the retention time of the smoke in contact with the carbon in the filter plug 20.
- the smoke is diluted by air passing through perforations 24 and mixing with the smoke to achieve air dilution in the approximate range of 45-65%. For example, with 50% air dilution, the flow through the cigarette upstream of the dilution perforations is reduced 50% thereby reducing the smoke velocity by 50% which basically increases the dwell time in the filter plug 20 by a factor of two.
- This embodiment of the multi-component filter positions the maximum amount of carbon material upstream of the air dilution perforations 24.
- a crimped plastic tube has been used in cigarette 10D as a member which is substantially impervious to gas or vapor phase components for affecting a transition from a high retention time region to a high pressure drop region. It is contemplated that other shapes, such as conical or blunt ends can be used.
- a solid member such as one made of high density (and hence impervious) cellulose acetate tow or a solid rod can also be used such as shown in Figure 9, for example, and described below. Other impervious membrane structures are also contemplated.
- tobacco rod 12 may be wrapped with convention paper or banded paper may be used for this purpose.
- Banded cigarette paper has spaced apart integrated cellulose bands that encircle the finished tobacco rod of cigarette 10D to modify the mass burn rate of the cigarette.
- an absorbent-bearing component may be used alone or in combination with the adsorbent-bearing segment 15 of multi-component filter 14D if desired.
- Table III below provide further details and alternatives with respect to the various components of cigarette 10D illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawing.
- FIG. 9 illustrates another cigarette 10E of the present invention and components similar to those of cigarette 10D are identified with similar reference numerals.
- Cigarette 10E also includes a multi-component filter 14E but a concentric core filter plug 40 is used in place of the "COD" or carbon monoxide dilution filter plug 30 of cigarette 10D.
- Filter plug 40 is positioned between the activated carbon material 20 and flavor releasing component 17, and the plug 40 may comprise a highly impervious solid cylindrical rod 42 surrounded by a low efficiency cellulose acetate tow 44 on the outside thereof.
- filter plug 40 As a result of filter plug 40 a sharp transition region is provided from a generally circular cross-sectional region of activated carbon material 20 having a low pressure drop to a generally annular cross-section region having a high pressure drop.
- This transition and the downstream location of perforations 24 results in high retention or residence times for the mainstream smoke upstream of the perforations, as explained above with respect to cigarette 10D of Figure 8.
- the length of tobacco rod 12 of cigarette 10E may be 45 mm
- the length of multi-component filter 14E may be 38 mm.
- the length of the four filter components of filter 14E is as follows: cellulose acetate tow 18 is 6 mm; carbon material length is 10 mm; filter plug 40 is 14 mm; and the flavor-releasing component 17is 8 mm.
- the level of "tar” may be 4 to 10 mg.
- the smoke is diluted by air passing through perforations 24 and mixing with the smoke to achieve air dilution in the approximate range of 45 to 65%.
- the flow through cigarette 10E upstream of the dilution perforations is reduced by 50% thereby reducing the smoke velocity by 50% which basically increases the dwell time in the filter plug 20 by a factor of two.
- Tobacco rod 12 of cigarette 10E may be wrapped with conventional or banded paper, as described above, and an absorbent-bearing segment may be used alone or in combination with the adsorbent bearing segment 15 of multi-component filter 14E, if desired.
- the concentric filter plug 40 may be constructed so that the flow therethrough is essentially through the core with limited flow through the annular space outside the core.
- Figure 10 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the flavor releasing component 17 shown in Figures 8 and 9.
- the flavor-releasing component 17' shown in Figure 10 comprises a cellulose acetate plug 50 of low particulate efficiency surrounded by a plug wrap 52.
- Combining wrap 54 surrounds to plug wrap as well as the remaining components of the multi-component filter.
- Flavor is applied to the plug wrap 52 or to the outside of the cellulose acetate plug 50 for imparting flavor to the cigarette smoke as it passes through plug 50.
- flavor may be applied to the combining wrap 54 in the area of cellulose acetate plug 50, or the flavor may be incorporated as a component of the plasticizer of plug 50.
- Cigarette 10F includes a multi-component filter 14F that comprises an upstream adsorbent bearing segment 15 adapted to remove one or more smoke constituents from mainstream smoke passing therethrough, and a downstream flavor- releasing component 17for releasing flavor into mainstream smoke passing therethrough.
- Flavor-releasing component 17of cigarette 10F is different in that it comprises a filter plug 40 positioned downstream of the activated carbon material 20.
- Plug 40 comprises a relatively or highly impervious solid cylindrical rod 42 surrounded by a low efficiency cellulose acetate tow 44, and the construction and function of plug 40 is similar to that shown in Figure 9.
- the plug 40 shown in Figure 11 includes flavor on the combining wrap 54 which is released onto the mainstream smoke flowing through component 17.
- the length of tobacco rod 12 of cigarette 10F may be 45 mm, and the length of multi-component filter 14F may be 38 mm.
- the length of the three filter components of filter 14F is as follows: cellulose acetate tow 18 is 6 mm; carbon material length is 16 mm; and the'plug 40 is 16 mm.
- Overall the tar level may be 4 to 10 mg.
- the smoke is diluted by air passing through perforations 24 and mixing with the smoke to achieve air dilution in the approximate range of 45 to 65%.
- air dilution also serves to increases the dwell time of the smoke amongst the carbon granules 20, as explained above.
- One or more rows of perforations 24 at or about the plug 40 provide both dilution of the mainstream smoke by ambient air and a reduction of the amount of tobacco combusted during each puff. Ventilation reduces production and delivery of particulate (tar) and gas phase (CO) constituents during a puff.
- the additional flavor-releasing component 17of the multi-component filter 14, 14D, 14E preferably comprises a plug 26 of cellulose acetate tow of low particulate efficiency together with one or more flavor-bearing threads or tapes 27 .
- Plug 26 is located at the mouth or buccal end of the cigarettes shown in Figures 2, 4, 5, 8 and 9 in a downstream position. As the mainstream tobacco smoke is drawn through the threads or tapes 27 flavoring is released into the smoke to produce a desired effect.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,671 incorporated herein by reference, describes tobacco smoke filters that include threads and tapes with flavoring materials.
- the plug-space-plug segment 15 or the carbon bed 20 might be replaced with an agglomerated carbon element or other form of adsorbent that is adapted to remove gas phase components from mainstream smoke.
- the carbon bed may also comprise a combination of carbon and fibers.
- the plug components might be constructed of filter materials other than those specifically mentioned herein.
- the ventilation might be constructed using known on-line or off-line techniques.
- the present invention may be practiced with cigarettes of various circumferences, narrow cigarettes as well as wide. Also, while the present invention is preferably practiced with unflavored tobacco rods, flavored tobacco material is also contemplated.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK02713643.1T DK1377184T4 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter downstream aroma addition. |
EP02713643.1A EP1377184B2 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition |
AT02713643T ATE468033T1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | CIGARETTE AND FILTER WITH FLAVOR ADDED BEHIND |
MXPA03007568A MXPA03007568A (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition. |
CA2438908A CA2438908C (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition |
JP2002568938A JP4028802B2 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition |
ES02713643.1T ES2345976T5 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with added downstream flavor |
UA2003087942A UA73645C2 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and flavor-releasing filter located downstream |
DE60236421T DE60236421D1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | CIGARETTE AND FILTERS WITH DAIRY DESIGNED TASTE ADDITION |
HU0303177A HU230306B1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition |
EA200300913A EA004840B1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition |
BRPI0207439-7A BR0207439B1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | multicomponent filter and cigarette. |
KR1020037010868A KR100908752B1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarettes and filters with added flavoring downstream |
HK04101779.1A HK1058885A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2004-03-11 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US27069801P | 2001-02-22 | 2001-02-22 | |
US60/270,698 | 2001-02-22 | ||
US29242601P | 2001-05-21 | 2001-05-21 | |
US60/272,426 | 2001-05-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2002/005149 WO2002069745A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-02-22 | Cigarette and filter with downstream flavor addition |
Country Status (24)
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US (2) | US6761174B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1377184B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4028802B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100908752B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1216556C (en) |
AR (1) | AR032828A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE468033T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0207439B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2438908C (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ301372B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60236421D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1377184T4 (en) |
EA (1) | EA004840B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2345976T5 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1058885A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU230306B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03007568A (en) |
PL (1) | PL207339B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1377184E (en) |
TW (1) | TWI249381B (en) |
UA (1) | UA73645C2 (en) |
UY (1) | UY27184A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002069745A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200306405B (en) |
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