WO2002063222A1

WO2002063222A1 - Procedure for increasing temperature with absorption heatpump and equipment of absorption heatpump including its parts

Info

Publication number: WO2002063222A1
Application number: PCT/HU2002/000003
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mihály SZOPKÓ
Original assignee: Szopko Mihaly
Priority date: 2001-01-29
Filing date: 2002-01-29
Publication date: 2002-08-15
Also published as: HU0100463D0

Abstract

The object of the invention is that in one hand the heat releasing at the absorbing of steam, discharged by heat we want to increase isn't removed by cooling but it is left in the solution until boiling out on the other hand from those heats that remain after boiling out in the deficient solution and in different steams and its condensate as well as in the heating medium that can be utilized more effectively in the course of temperature increasing - boiling out than together with the heat with increased temperature are recycled in the course of temperature increasing - boiling out and thirdly particular energies are intended to utilize according to the possible maximal degree of keeping their given energy level and consequently in this way and by increasing the absorbtion pressure if it is needed the economy of heat pumping is increased.

Description

The object of the invention is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from- the boiler aiϊd the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The other object of the invention is an apparatus to carry out absorption heat pumping that has a boiler, a condenser, a counter-current heat exchanger, a vaporizer an absorber and a solution pump connected with each other by steam and/or liquid streaming pipes as well as a boiler, a condenser, a^' counter-current heat exchanger, a vaporizer and an absorber particularly for the heat pumping apparatus according to the invention.

We mean by the absorption heat pumping all such processes that remove heat on lower temperature by means of absorption, then temperature increasing, desorption and Ihcrmocompression are produced by leading in auxiliary heat and it increases ils temperature and at this increased temperature it transmits this heat whether the purpose of the process is the abstraction or the transmission of heat.

We mean by absorption heat pump all such apparatuses that carry out the above process. During the absorption operational process a pair of absorbing media is used that is a pair of media consists of a solvent and cooling fluid or cooling fluid steam; the solvent can absorb the cooling fluid steam then from the so formed solution the absorbed steam can be boiled out by means of auxiliary heat.

We mean by deficient solution such a solution from that the steam has basically boiled out. We mean by abundant solution such a solution (hat contains considerable quantity of steam that can be boiled out.

We mean by boiler such an apparatus that separates the absorbed steam from the abundant solution by means of leading in auxiliary heat with application of desorption effect. We mean by condenser such an apparatus that can utilize the steam's heat energy are led in it whether the utilized energy is thermal energy or mechanical work. This means that the term condenser denotes such a device too that can utilize also the volume change work of steam as well. Thus the condenser can be a single device but it can be a unit of constructions too that utilizes the thermal energy and the volume change work of steam and steam is led in its inlet, and essentially condensed steam and dead steam is discharged through its outlet.

We mean by vaporizer such an apparatus that vaporizes the condensed cooling fluid by means of the utilization of the available heat source and recycled heat respectively, whether the vaporization is carried out continuously or in multiple stages.

We mean by absorber such an apparatus that absorbs the steam formed in the vaporizer in the deficient solution led there from the boiler whether the absorption is carried out continuously or in multiple stages.

The invention can be adapted to every area where heat abstraction and the heat with increased temperature can be utilized directly or after modification and the utilization of these can carry out more economically according to the process and apparatus of this invention than other processes.

A number of such absorption heat pumping solution is known that makes possible the heat's temperature increasing of the available heat source by means of leading in auxiliary heat. Such a solution is described by the register number of HU 172414 patent and a publication of Dr. Jόzsef Vajda: The working principle, the fundamental calculative correlations and the design diagrams of absorption cooler machines (Magyar Epϋletgepeszet, vol. L No.: 2001/1 pp. 33-36),

The deficiency of the solutions described in these two documents and in others are the follows:

D During the absorption of the low temperature steam containing heat energy whose temperature they want to increase the releasing heat is removed by cooling from the solution and because of this they should use more auxiliary heat during boiling out of steam namely they are under compulsion of compensating it with bought energy.

D After the utilization of the thermal energy of the boiled steam that significant quantity of energy that remains in the condensate and in the auxiliary heat streaming medium after boiling out furthermore the thermal energy causing superheating are utilized inadequately. D During the vaporization and absorption they don't produce an abundant solution with the possible maximal concentration thus in the course of boiling out extra energy is needed. D They don't use additional pressure over the own pressure during the absorption of the discharged steam even if the quantity of absorbed steam can be increased effectively in this way. D The purpose of this invention is to have such process and apparatus that eliminate the abovementioned deficiencies as follows: D The heat releasing during the absorption of steam isn't abstracted, but it is still more kept in the solution until boiling out.

D There are two main possibilities to recycle certain proportion of the heat: In one hand the notable part¹ of the heat is wished to recycle can be transmitted to the abundant solution by means of counter-current heat exchanger streaming ^"against the abundant solution processing towards the end of the boiling out till the temperature difference needs for heat transfer is given. On the other hand this heat has a part that can't transmit quickly enough in consequence of decreased temperature difference caused by heat transfer. These residual heats also can be utilized in temperature increasing-boiling out if first steam fractions of higher than lower and lower temperature and pressure but still with the possible maximal temperature and pressure are discharged but they are absorbed in the order of the pressure increasing to the solution that becomes more and more abundant going towards boiling out. This means that this heat energy residue isn't transmitted by means of temperature difference but the pressure difference to the solution, which becomes more and more abundant. The steam is absorbed in only that much solvent that is enough for the absorbing of steam in present and not more.

The most effectively utilizable temperature and pressure part of the steam formed in the boiler is led into the condenser. The heat energy wasn't utilized in the condenser is recycled to nearly the full in the boiler, in the counter-current heat exchanger and in the vaporizer. For the sake of this after boiling out the steam contains more and less solvent is separated and after that it is treated separately.

From the front of the steam chamber of the boiler a steam mixture contains less solvent steam is directed towards the "final" exploiter condenser while from the end of the steam chamber of the boiler a steam mixture contains more solvent steam is led through the boiler, the counter-current heat exchanger and the vaporizer in counter-current. Since the steam is directed towards the condenser also contains a more efficiently recyclable heat in the respect of boiling out, it is also led through in a part of the boiler in countercurrent. If the temperature and the pressure of the steam utilized in the condenser makes it possible, then the steam made stream towards the condenser is led through the countercurrent heat exchanger and also in a part of the vaporizer. In this case the heat can be utilized more effectively is taken off in the boiler, countercurrent heat exchanger and vaporizer until the pressure and temperature of it reaches the demanded value in the condenser and this steam is led only after it to the "final" utilizing condenser then depending on the way of utilization either the condense or the dead steam is led to that steam discharger chamber of the multiphase vaporizer whose temperature is the most similar to that of all. After that the condense or steam is led through the rest steam discharger chambers have lower and lower pressure and temperature one after another. If the steam has also a relatively high temperature by the time it leaves the condenser that can be transmitted in the countercurrent heat exchanger to the abundant solvent is going towards boiling out, then the steam is directed to the countercurrent heat exchanger at first and it is led through the multiphase vaporizer only after it. The steam has been in condensed form when it leaves the last chamber anyway.

The steam contains more solvent steam started from the end of the boiler's steam chamber is led down to the end of the liquid chamber of the boiler and from there it is led to the front of the liquid chamber in countercurrent then it is led over the countercurrent heat exchanger and the chambers of the vaporizer. In each of them it transmits that part of its total heat that is appropriate for the chamber in question.

On the way the steams have already been boiled out are streaming in pipes become colder and colder and that's why most of the solvent steam is condensed out sooner. Since this condensate contains a lot of the absorbed steam of cooling fluid is pressed into the abundant solution progressing towards boiling out mainly with the help of the residue of the own pressure and residue of the downregulated pressure comes from the boiler.

D The countercurrent heat transmission is carried out not only between the boiler and the vaporizer but also in the boiler once the separating process of the deficient solution and the steams during boiling out makes it possible.

D For heat transmission by means of the pressure difference steam with the largest possible pressure is produced during steam discharging. For the sake of this, steam has higher and higher, in the result the possible maximum pressure is discharged continuously or within the limits of economy more steam fractions are produced with lower and lower pressure and temperature in consequence of the decreasing of temperature of the heat used for steam discharging, but in complex entirety the resulted steam fraction has the reachable maximal temperature and pressure can get in this way.

D The produced steam fractions are absorbed in the order of the increase of their pressure in only that much absorbing medium (solvent) that the available steam can absorb them. A solution with the highest possible concentration is produced in this way.

D The additional pressure above the own pressure of the discharged steam fractions can be produced mainly by means of compressors and blowers. In the case of steam has lower temperature the steam content of the abundant solution can be increased very effectively by means of increasing the pressure of the steam and it increases the economy of the heat pumping. The heat saving absorption heat pumping process in pursuance of the invention and the apparatus that can carry out it consists of the same main units as the known processes and apparatuses namely the apparatus has a boiler, a condenser, a counter-current heat exchanger, a vaporizer an absorber and a substance and energy flow helping, regulating instruments in which the different phases of the pair of absorbing media are streamed. In comparison with the known processes and apparatuses the process and apparatus according to the invention works with the following differences:

D Steam is discharged in the vaporizer not only by means of the heat of the desired heat source, but such residue of the heat that comes back from the boiler and condenser and that can be no longer transmitted effectively by countercurrent heat transmission — because of the little temperature difference — but with the help of pressure increasing is formed in consequence of steam discharging they even come by themselves into the abundant solvent is streamed towards the boiler.

D For the sake of producing steam has the possible highest temperature and pressure that more easily evaporable part of the pair of absorbing media that is in liquid stage and serves for steam discharging in one or more vaporizer (steam discharging chamber) : a.) either this liquid part is heated with the warmer and warmer part of the heat available for steam discharging and the steam is produced continuously with the higher and higher at the end with the possible highest temperature and pressure in one period, b.) or the fluid vaporizes in each steam discharging chamber is heated always in the same order with a heat has lower and lower temperature and thus a steam with lower and lower pressure and temperature is produced in the consecutive chambers. However, in the absorber utilizable total heat capacity and pressure of the steam discharged in all of the chambers will be higher, than a steam has which only with one temperature and pressure is discharged by means of the known solutions.

D The absorbing takes place in the absorber similar to the steam discharging it also can be continuous or multiphase. a.) In the continuous case the steam with higher and higher pressure in the vaporizer(s) is discharged and transmitted to the absorber according to the speed of its formation where the steam is absorbed in a solution that is present in the appropriate amount initially cold and deficient then warmer and warmer and abound with steam. When the concentration of the solution has reached the possible maximum the solution is directed to the boiler from the absorber through the countercurrent heat exchanger and a further portion of cold deficient solution is pressed into the absorber. During absorbing the solution stays in the same absorber. b.) In the case of multiphase absorbing each of the steam discharging chambers producing a lower and lower temperature and pressure has a pair of absorbing chamber in the absorber. The steam formed in the chambers is directed always to the adequate absorbing chamber and it is absorbed there. The deficient solution is directed from the boiler through the countercurrent heat exchanger or countercurrent heat exchanger and the vaporizer to the absorbing chamber has the lowest temperature and pressure, then the solution contains also the steam is absorbed here pressed into an absorbing chamber that is on the next higher temperature and pressure stage and the solution that also contains the steam is absorbed in this stage pressed again into the next chamber. After the last absorbing chamber that is on the highest temperature and pressure stage the abundant solution is led into the boiler through the countercurrent heat exchanger. In this case the steam discharging - absorbing can be considered staged but the streaming of the solution is continuous! The absorbing of the steam discharged in the vaporizer can be speeded up if the deficient solution in the absorbing chambers of the absorber then the solution warmer and warmer and with higher and higher pressure and absorbed steam content is sprayed into that part of the absorbing chamber that contains the steam phase.

Therefore, in the continuous case there can be a single or several pair of steam discharger- absorber too, in that the steam discharging-absorbing comes off in the same way from the lowest concentration to the highest. Several pairs of steam discharger-absorber provide a more continuous operation. However, in the case of multiphase discharging-absorbing there is always several pairs of steam discharger-absorber.

D The steam fractions are discharged in both the continuous and the multiphase vaporizer are absorbed in the order of the increasing of their pressure in the absorber and in thus much — initially cold and deficient then warmer and warmer and more abundant — solution that after the steam fraction has the highest pressure has been absorbed a solution with the possible maximal concentration is obtained.

D Mainly, in the case of a heat source on the low temperature is utilized the concentration of the absorbed steam in the solution is increased with additional pressure over its own. Compressors or blowers placed between the 'pairs of vaporizer and absorber chambers connected to each other are suitable for generation of the additional pressure. In the case of heat source on the low temperature the work is expended to the generation of the additional pressure will recover morefold by the increasing of the amount of the absorbed steam in the abundant solution. D The heat discharges during the absorption and causes an increasing in the temperature of the solution isn't eliminate from the solution becomes more and more abundant by cooling but it is tried to keep in the abundant solution until boiling out. Because of this the performance per unit mass of the apparatus decreases but the efficiency of the bought energy increases. During the absorption the heat — that should compensate with bought energy for boiling — isn't eliminated from the cycle and this results an increase in the degree of quality of the heat pumping. D The heat discharges during the cleaning of the boiled steam are utilized by means of countercurrent heat exchange in the boiler and the countercurrent heat exchanger and the vaporizer. This means that Opposite of the known processes the cleaning of the steam isn't accompanied with the elimination of the heat from the system and with this the quality criterion of heat pumping heightens.

D The remaining part of the heat energy after its utilization in the condenser is transmitted to the abundant solution by means of temperature difference in the countercurrent heat exchanger and by means of steam discharging from the cooling medium fluid in the vaporizer and with the help of the so formed pressure difference it is utilized by absorbing the steam into the deficient solution in the absorber.

Our invention in this way is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The point of the invention is that the steam we want to absorb is discharged in several temperature stages with the help of streaming the heater medium so in the direction of the streaming of the heater medium steam with the lower and lower temperature and pressure is discharged.

Our invention furthermore is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led into the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The point of the invention is that the steam discharged in the vaporizer is absorbed in the absorber in the order of increasing of the pressure in the more and more abundant solution.

Our invention furthermore is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The point of the invention is that the amount of the solvent is adjusted due to the amount of heat and/or pressure of the steam so that an abundant solution with the possible maximal concentration is formed during the absorption.

Our invention furthermore is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The point of the invention is that the pressure of the steam in the absorber is increased with an inverse proportionality with the temperature of the heat source maximum with 11 MPa and with this the amount of the absorbed steam is increased.

Our invention furthermore is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The point of the invention is that the medium carrying the auxiliary heat and/or the deficient solution formed in boiler and/or steams are led through the boiler and/or the countercurrent heat exchanger and/or vaporizer in countercurrent.

Our invention furthermore is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The point of the invention is that steam contains more and less solvent is led out from the boiler at least through two pipes and the steam contains less solvent is led to condenser directly or indirectly.

Our invention furthermore is a process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out from the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump. The point of the invention is that the steam and/or condensate leaving the condenser is led to the vaporizer through the countercurrent heat exchanger and/or vaporizer.

The other object our invention is an apparatus to carry out absorption heat pumping that has a boiler, a condenser, a counter-current heat exchanger, a vaporizer an absorber and a solution pump are connected with each other by steam and/or liquid streaming pipes. The point of the invention is that the inlet of the condenser is connected directly with the boiler or the countercurrent heat exchanger or the vaporizer or through an instrument that is suitable for pressure decreasing and the inlet of the condenser is connected with the countercurrent heat exchanger or the vaporizer directly or through an instrument that is suitable for pressure decreasing.

Our invention furthermore is a boiler particularly for the apparatus according to the invention that has pipe connections for streaming abundant and deficient solution, steam and the medium carrying auxiliary heat. The point of the invention is that the abundant solution in the boiler counter-moves to the deficient solution and/or to the medium carrying auxiliary heat and/or to the steam has boiled out or to its condensate that are streamed through their pipes.

Our invention furthermore is a boiler particularly for the apparatus according to the invention that has pipe connections for streaming abundant and deficient solution, steam and a medium carrying auxiliary heat. The point of the invention is that the boiler has pipe connections for the boiled steams are abundant in solvent and deficient in solvent.

The object of our invention furthermore is a condenser particularly for the apparatus according to the invention. The point of the invention is that the condenser designed in such way as to convert one part of the heat energy was led into it to mechanical work and to utilize the other part of that in the form of heat.

Our invention furthermore is a countercurrent heat exchanger particularly for the apparatus according to the invention that has an inner space streaming abundant solution and pipes are led through this inner space. The point of the invention is that the countercurrent heat exchanger has a pipe in its inner space that streams air that is heated by waste heat and/or a pipe that streams boiled steam or its condensate and/or a pipe that streams the medium carrying auxiliary heat and/or a pipe that streams deficient solution.

Our invention furthermore is a vaporizer particularly for the apparatus according to the invention that has a casing and pipe connections for streaming medium carrying heat, steam and fluid and/or steam. The point of the invention is that the casing consists of such chambers where steam has different pressure and temperature discharges.

The object of our invention furthermore is an absorber particularly for the apparatus according to the invention that has a casing and pipe connections for streaming deficient solution, steam and abundant solution. The point of the invention is that the casing consists of chambers that absorb steam has different pressure and temperature.

Our process is demonstrated by examples in detail.

Example 1.

The utilizable temperature range of the heat source is 5-10°C (subsoil water and the water of rivers, lakes and seas). The temperature of this heat has to be increased to 50°C. This increasing is carried out by means of an absorption heat pump that contains NH₃-H₂O pair of absorbing media. 5-5°C temperature difference is necessary to heat transmission. Since the total amount of the available 5-10°C heat is intended to utilize and the temperature difference is relatively low only a uniform steam is discharged with a temperature of 0°C and a pressure of 0,43 MPa. According to the pressure-temperature characteristics of the ammonia-water solution the 0,43 MPa steam pressure (that discharges in the first chamber of the vaporizer that has the lowest pressure) co-operatively with the absorption forces is able to press and absorb 0,267 kg steam has a 0°C temperature into 1 kg water with 0°C temperature or deficient solution. Besides this, steams are discharged by 10°C steps in the multiphase vaporizer by means of the heat of 110°C temperature comes from the boiler and condenser through different pipes. The following steam fractions have the maximal pressure can be discharged by means of these thermal energy parts with different temperatures: 7,58- 6,26,- 5,12- 4,14- 3,31- 2,61- 2,03- 1,55- 1,16- 0,86- 0,61- 0,43- MPa. Since to the full saturation of the solution forms from 1kg solvent by these pressures 1509,4 kJ heat is necessary but actually only 999,0 kJ is available, then in the highest pressure chamber 4,41 MPa pressure is developed in reality. Because of this after absorbing this steam fractions in the order of the increase of their pressure the concentration of the abundant solution will be 44% and the temperature of it will be 100,9°C. Countercurrent heat transfer is carried out in the boiler and countercurrent heat exchanger during which the recyclable thermal energy over 110°C of the heating medium, the deficient solution and the steams have boiled out is utilized. Then with the help of leading in auxiliary heat the solution is heated further until the completion of boiling out at 310°C. The pressure of boiling out is 9,8 MPa. Two different types of steams are led out of the boiler one is more and one is less abundant in solvent. The heat of the solution is more abundant in solvent is utilized in heating-boiling out and in discharging further steam in its entirety. After its temperature decreased to 55°C and its pressure to 2,31 MPa the steam contains less solvent steam is led into the condenser and it is condensed there. The heat of evaporation absorbed at 0°C> (1262 kJ/kg x 0,267 kg = 337kJ) and the equivalence of heat of the work necessary to the temperature increasing from 0°C to 55°C are released during condensing naturally after deducting losses. The quality criterion of heat pumping without adding in losses is 5,8 and it is with adding in losses approaches the value of 4 or so. The condensate forming in the condenser is led into the multichambered vaporizer at the 55°C place.

Example 2

The difference between the 1^st and the 2^nd example is that the pressure of the steam has 0°C and 0,43 MPa pressure is increased to 0,61; 0,86; 1,16; 1,55 and 2,03 MPa and thus more steam is absorbed in the chambers 2., 3., 4. and 5. The amount of the steam absorbed in the abundant solution is increased by it. The quality criterion of the work is necessary to increase the pressure of the steam by good approximation is at a value of 56, 36, 21, 16 and 13. These values show that the efficiency of the total heat pumping process is improved as a result of compressing.

Example 3 Heat absorbed from a-20°C environment is transferred to a +20°C environment. The necessary temperature difference at thermal absorption and rejection is 5°C. In the absorption heat pump working with NH₃-H₂O pair of media the vaporizing carrying out the cooling is done at -25°C and the condensing of the steam has boiled out is done at 25°C. The deficient solvent has at least 18% concentration that shouldn't be frozen at -25°C. The steam pressure of the liquid ammonia (NH₃) at -25°C is 0,15 MPa. This pressure, calculated per 1 kg of the solvent, can press 0,209 kg steam and by this 281 kJ energy to the deficient solution has a concentration of 18% and a temperature of -25°C. After that the concentration of the solution will be 30%, its mass will be 1,429 kg and its heat capacity per unit mass will be 4,55 kJ/kg°C and its temperature will be 36,8°C. To initiate the boiling out the temperature of the solution is increased to 102°C and for completion of it the temperature is increased to 150°C the pressure at this time is 1,0 MPa. Totally 281 kJ: 1167 kJ/kg heat of evaporation = 0,241 kg steam is boiled out of the abundant solution thus 0,032 kg more than the solution contains 1 kg solvent has absorbed. In consequence of this the concentration of the deficient solution after boiling out at 150°C is 15,8%. The steam boiled out as 0,032 kg excess steam is returned in liquid form to the deficient solution in order to avoid its freezing. We proceed according to example 1 the followings.

Example 4.

We proceed according to example 3, but instead of leaving a relatively high amount (18%) of steam in the deficient solution the steam discharging at -25°C is compressed from the 0,15 MPa pressure to 0,43 MPa and it is absorbed by deficient solution has 0°C without taking a risk of its congealment.

Example 5.

We proceed according to example 1 with the difference that the evaporating and absorbing pressure are decreased to the -5°C pressure equivalent of 0,35 MPa thus freezing heat of the water of the desired heat source is also used up. Steam has 0,35 MPa pressure is compressed to 0,43 MPa then we proceed according to example 1.

Example 6.

We proceed according to example 1 with the difference that the steam has boiled out and has 9,8 MPa pressure is led to the turbine and work of volume change of the steam is converted to mechanical work. Steam with 0,52 MPa pressure exits from the turbine whose temperature is 5°C. After the turbine the steam is cooled down to 0°C and its pressure is decreased to 0,43 MPa and we proceed according to example 1 in the followings. Our inventions are expounded by figures and on figure 1 shows the exemplar of the simplified schematic diagram of the apparatus carrying out a heat economizing absorption heat pumping process according to the invention.

On figure 2 a group of instruments can be seen that can utilize the work of volume change of steam that consists of a condenser and a turbine.

The explanation of apparatus carrying out heat economizing absorption heat pumping according to the invention with the help of the attached l^sL simplified schematic connection diagram.

Auxiliary heat pipe 11 is connected to the boiler 9 of the apparatus with that the medium carrying the necessary heat for boiling is led into the boiler. The boiler is connected to the countercurrent heat exchanger by means of streaming pipes 11, 12, 13, 14 that stream steams have boiled out and the utilizable part of the auxiliary heat and the sufficient solution through instruments that are suitable for pressure decreasing advantageously pressure regulators 17. The boiler 9 is connected with the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 by means of a pipe with or without interposition of a solution pump 5a. By means of a direction controller valve 24 located in the pipe 13 the boiler 9 can be connected not only with the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 but the condenser 15 depending on the adjustment of the direction controller valve. The countercurrent heat exchanger 8 is connected to the vaporizer 6 either through instruments that are suitable for pressure decreasing advantageously pressure regulators 17 or directly and it is connected to the absorber 7 through a solution pump 5a. The vaporizer 6 is connected to the inlet and the outlet of the condenser 15 through pipes with interposition direction controller valves 24. The chambers 27 of the vaporizer 6 are connected with the chambers 28 of the absorber 7 through compressors 5b. The medium carries the heat of the utilized heat source streams to the vaporizer 6 through pipes 10 and the cooled down medium that has carried the auxiliary heat streams through pipe 11 for reheating or exhausting to the environment. The auxiliary equipment 5a, 5b and the main units 9, 8, 15, 6, 7 because of their imperfect thermal isolation develop waste heat, to utilize this the area is bordered by the casing 1 on the pipe 25 is led through the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 and the vaporizer 6 and it is circulated inside.

The more easily evaporable cooling fluid 4 of the pair of media that is in liquid state of condition (still or already) and involving in the cycle through pipe 2 and through the level controllers 3 at the end of its derivations is pressed into the chambers 27 of the multiphase vaporizer 6 by the solution pump 5 a. located on this pipe (e.g.: in the case of NH₃-H₂O pair of media it is liquid ammonia) in such amount that it should be considered the room is taken up by the steam 18 in all of the chambers 27. For the possible most complete utilization of heats from the cooling fluid 4 pressed into the chambers 27 of the vaporizer 6 steam fractions 18 with lower and lower pressure and temperature are discharged upon going further and further from the countercurrent heat exchanger 8. The heat needed for this is coming through the pipe 10 and through other heat exchangers through the pipes 12, 13, 14, 16, 25 these can be transmitted no more by countercurrent heat exchange because of the too little temperature difference, but by means of steam discharging it can be transmitted by itself in consequence of the steam pressure differences (or by the effect of a little plus compression provides economy). Details about the heat contribute to steam discharging and comes also through the 11, 12, 13, 14, 25 pipes besides the heat whose temperature is intended to increase 10.

Pipe 11: Through this pipe heating medium (e.g.: water vapor) comes into the end of the boiler 9 and contributes to the completion of boiling out, and if necessary to the heating before the boiling out flowing in countercurrent to the abundant solution 22 can be found there since the abundant solution entering into the front of the boiler hasn't reached the maximal temperature is necessary to the completion of boiling out therefore it should be heated gradually while it goes towards to the end of the boiler. During heating (here and in case of the other pipes too) one should attempt to that the consumed heat energy is utilized as completely as possible and at the highest reachable temperature. For this purpose one should choose from the million possibilities and forms already at the time of design and construction too for example if steam is chosen as heating medium then at the steam pipe outlet of the boiler it is practical to apply a pressure retentive regulator 17 on the pipe and with its appropriate adjustment to reach a totally condensed steam in the boiler and at the same time the pressure in the pipe is regulated in such way to approach the pressure outside so we can use a pipe with thinner wall thickness and because of this with a better diathermancy. Pressure regulators 17 can be applied later for example after the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 and the multiphase vaporizer 6 or in between them or on other pipes by the same consideration.

After leaving the boiler 9 the pipe 11 is led through the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 where the heating medium streaming inside rejects the remaining part of its thermal energy is transmittable by means of temperature difference. After leaving the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 the pipe streaming the heating medium is led through a cooling liquid 4 in the chambers 27 of the multiphase vaporizer 6 and steam is discharged by means of the heat transmittable only by pressure difference. Thus, nearly the total amount of the thermal energy of the heating medium and fuel can be utilized for heat pumping. After leaving the last namely the steam-discharging chamber 27 that has the lowest pressure the heating medium has cooled down to the minimum is led back to repeated heating or let it release to the environment. Pipe 12: The maximal heated and boiled deficient solution is led through this pipe from the end of the boiler 9. At first the pipe is led through the boiler 9 in countercurrent where as a result of the existing usually sufficiently high temperature difference it rejects a part of its total heat. Then it is led through the countercurrent heat exchanger 8, where it rejects the remaining part of its heat that is transmittable by temperature difference. After that it is led through the multichambered vaporizer 6, where steam is discharged by means of its remaining heat that can be transmitted only by pressure difference. After leaving the last chamber 27 with the lowest pressure the cooled deficient solution is pressed into the first, chamber 28 with the least pressure of the multiphase absorber 7 through of pressure regulators 17 with the help of do nregulated residue of the pressure comes from the boiler.

Pipes 13 and 14: The most effectively utilizable temperature. and pressure part of steam for the final utilization discharged in the boiler 9 is led to the condenser 15. The thermal energy hasn't utilized in the condenser 15 is recycled in the boiler 9, in the countercurrent heat exchanger 8, and in the vaporizer 6 to a possible greater extent. For the sake of this after boiling out that steams containing the less and the more solvent is separated by pipes 13, 14 and handled separately in the followings. The process is depicted in figure 1 : the steam mixture that contains less solvent steam is led towards the "final" exploiter condenser 15 by means of the 13 pipe starts from the front of the steam chamber 23 of the boiler 9, from the end of the steam chamber 23 of the boiler 9 the steam mixture contains the more solvent is streamed by pipe 14. Since the steam is streamed in the pipe 13 to the condenser also contains such heat that can be utilized more effectively in the increase of temperature degree and in the boiling out, then this 13 pipe is also led through in countercurrent through the boiler 9 at least from the middle of it. If the temperature and the pressure of the steam utilized in the condenser 15 makes possible, then the steam is streamed through pipe 13 is led through the boiler 9, countercurrent heat exchanger 8 and at the outmost the first few chamber 27 of the vaporizer 6 too. In this manner the heat is more effectively utilizable in the boiler 9, in the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 and in the vaporizer 6 is damped in a controlled way until this steam and heat reaches the parameters are necessary for condenser 15. This steam is led only after it to the "final" exploiter condenser 15, then it is streamed through the pipe 16 - depending on the way of utilization that the condensate or exhaust steam is streaming in pipe 16 - and it is led through direction controller valves 24 to that steam discharging 27 chamber of the multiphase vaporizer 6 whose temperature the most approaches its temperature and after it is led through the other steam discharging chambers 27 with lower and lower pressure and temperature. If the steam or its condensate has such relatively high temperature heat at the time it is leaving the condenser 15 that can be utilized in the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 and can be transmitted to the abundant solvent going towards boiling out then the steam or its condensate is directed to the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 by means of the direction controller valve 24 on the pipe 16 and it is led only after this through the multiphase vaporizer 6. The steam has already boiled out leaves the last chamber 27 in a condensed form in either way. Boiled heating steam is streamed in the pipe 14 starts from the end of the steam chamber 23 of the boiler 9 and this pipe is led down to the end of the liquid chamber of the boiler 9 and it is led in countercurrent from there to the front of the liquid chamber. Then it is led through the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 then through the chambers of the vaporizer 27 and this steam transmits the appropriate part of its total heat in each of them. The proportionality, the pressure and amount of heat transmitted in the individual places of the steams streaming through pipes 13 and 14 can be regulated by pressure regulators 17. The steam streaming in pipes 13, 14 and 16 cools under way therefore the most of solvent steam is condensed in them earlier. This condensate since it contains a lot of absorbed steam of cooling liquid is pressed to the abundant solution going towards boiling out mainly by means of its own or the downregulated residue of the pressure coming from the boiler by equipment that doesn't detailed on figure 1.

By the time of leaving the last chamber 27 of the multiphase vaporizer 6 a fluent cooling fluid will have steamed through the pipes 14 and 16. After it the pressure is compensated by pressure regulators 17 located there for this purpose. The two pipes are conjoined and the cooling fluid 4 is pressed through the pipe 2 and the level controllers 3 at the end of its derivations into the chambers 27 of the multiphase vaporizer 6 with the help of the solution pump 5a too.

Pipe 25: We only touched on the utilization of heat leaving the boiler but remaining in heating medium, in deficient solution, in steam has already boiled out and in the medium exiting from the "final" exploiter, in effect this heat can be utilized more effectively in temperature increasing - boiling out namely in the heat pumping than together with the heat with increased temperature in "final" utilization for example in the condenser 15. The heat developed by the possibly applied engines and the heat releases from the entire apparatus make wasted heats also come under the above topics. This latter heat can be utilized in the course of temperature increasing - boiling out as well. The simplest way of it is that the surrounding air of the apparatus is continuously led and pump through the multiphase vaporizer 6 and the adequately warm part of it is led through the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 and the boiler 9 too by means of the pipe 25 and the little blower on it. After the extraction, utilization of this heat the cooled air can be utilized advantageously for cooling of the engines. It should be mentioned here that since quite much steam comes out of the boiler besides the deficient solution and heating medium then the total resulted performance probably much more than it is necessary to move the abundant solution or for other purposes in the course of supporting this process. Hence, if the resulted performance is utilized for the latter purpose (for example we can displace the pressure regulators with one or more appropriate instrument consists of driven and drive parts) then engines producing waste heat aren't necessary or fewer or engines with lower performance are necessary.

The steam fractions 18 are discharged from the listed total heat, or only from a part of them in the chambers 27 of the multiphase vaporizer 6 stream to the steam chamber 19 of absorbing chamber 28 by their own pressure and possibly by means of the plus pressure generated by a compressor 5b on the pipe connecting steam fractions 18 to steam chambers 19. They absorbed there in the solution becoming more and more abundant steaming through the chambers. The deficient solution that comes from the boiler 9 and it is cooled down is pressed into the first chamber 28 with the lowest pressure with downregulated residual pressure through pipe 12. The abundant solvent is pressed from the first absorbing chamber through the pipe connecting the absorbing chambers 28 have higher and higher pressure by pressure booster solution pumps 5a. The solution 20 streams through each chamber 28 in such tempo that the prevailing steam pressure of the chamber in' question can press the possible largest amount of steam to the abundant solution. For the sake of the facilitation of the absorbing the solution is not only pressed through from the chamber has a lower pressure to the chamber has a higher pressure by pressure booster solution pumps 5a but sprayed too if necessary. Since only that much abundant solution streams in each chamber 28 that can absorb the discharged steam into the given conditions (pressure, temperature and concentration) after leaving the last absorbing chamber 28 the abundant solution will have the highest concentration that can be reached so. The pressure and temperature of the abundant solution is increased also by absorbing more and more steam but this fact doesn't make impossible to carry out the heat saving absorption heat pumping process that forms the object of this invention since by applying this process under average conditions (namely approx. in the case of 50°C temperature increasing) the quality criterion (heat_ou : heat_in) will be equal to 4-6.

After leaving the last absorbing chamber 28 the abundant solution is pressed into the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 by the pressure booster solution pump 5a where it warms further because of the reception of heat listed earlier then the pressure booster solution pump 5a after the countercurrent heat exchanger presses it into the front of the liquid chamber 22 of the boiler 9 where it warms further gradually going through the liquid chamber since it receives the warmer and warmer part of the heat from the deficient solution 12, from the steams have already boiled out and the solvent steams 13 and 14 pipes and heating media comes through pipe 11 and streaming back in the pipes in countercurrent. In consequence of this the steam absorbed during absorbing gradually boiling out of the solution namely previously the steam contains less solvent steam then steam contains more and more solvent steam. The temperature and the pressure of the steam boiled out can be changed by modifying the boiling temperature and the concentration of the abundant solution just entering into the boiler.

After boiling out the deficient solution with maximal warmth, the heating medium, the steam boiled out and the discharged solvent steam as well are utilized according to the above mentioned with the following supplements: the steam with increased temperature was led into "final" exploiter namely the condenser 15 through pipe 13, the boiler 9, possibly through the countercurrent heat exchanger 8. This heat energy with increased pressure and temperature can be utilized to satisfy many kinds of demands. In the course of "final" utilization it should also attempt to that energy level shouldn't be decreased, for example if a steam has boiled out is intended to utilize at a lower temperature than the boiling out temperature that part of the heat that is higher than the required in the course of "final" utilization rather use for satisfy the higher temperature heat demand in the boiler 9 and possibly in the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 since it is utilized more effectively in this way. It is true that in the case of this the amount of the steam that should be streamed through pipe 13 to the condenser 15 can change but this amount can be adjusted easily by the pressure regulators 17 located on pipe 13 and 14.

The direction controller valves 24 as well should be adjusted in such way to be the most economic taking into consideration the functioning of the heat pump. This means that after the adjustment of the direction controller valves there will be such pipe sections that nothing to steam. Our claim for protection ranges to all such process and apparatus that can carry out it that can be derived from cutting out the unused pipe sections. Naturally the number of the pair of chambers 27,28 used in the boiler and absorber can be determined on the basis of the deliberation of the economical construction and functioning of the heat pump. This means that instead of the five depicted on the design can be one or two but also fifty the number of the pair of chambers 27, 28.

The exemplar form of construction of the group of instruments consists of a condenser and a turbine according to the invention with the help of the simplified plan on figure 2 attached hereto: The construction of a condenser 31 consists of a condenser and a turbine can be seen in figure 2 that can utilize the volume change work formed in the boiler. A steam with a high pressure formed in the boiler 9 is led to the blades of the turbine 26 through the pipe 13 that is connected to the casing 30 of the condenser 31. Considerable part of the volume change work of steam can be converted to mechanical work that can be damped from the live spindle of the turbine 26. The steam gets to the chamber of the condenser 31 behind the turbine through the blading of the turbine 26 and there the temperature of it decreases further by means of heal removal of the heat exchanger 29. Then the steam and its condensate is led to the countercurrent heat exchanger 8 and the vaporizer 6 through pipe 16 where the residual heat energy in the steam is utilized. The heat energy removed by the heat exchanger 29 is utilized in the apparatus in the form of heat.

Depending on the real conditions, tasks, purposes, etc., many kind of advantageous resolution, form of this invention is possible. Hence in each particular case it is practical at least to make calculations to determine the most advantageous resolution and only after it should choose and construct the applicable machine. The process and the apparatus can be applied to cool, heat furthermore to produce mechanical performance.

Claims

Patent items of claims:

1. Process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out from the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out from the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump characterized with that the steam will be absorbed is discharged in several temperature stages with streaming the heater medium and in the direction of the heater medium stream steam with lower and lower temperature and pressure is discharged.

2. Process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump characterized with that the steam discharged in the vaporizer is absorbed in the absorber in the order of the increasing of the pressure in several stages in the more and more abundant solution.

3. Process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump characterized with that for the absorption the amount of the solvent is adjusted due to the heat and/or pressure of the steam in such a way that an abundant solution has the possible maximal concentration is formed.

4. Process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump characterized with that the pressure of the steam in the absorber is increased with an inverse proportionality with the temperature of the heat source at the outmost with 11 MPa and with this the amount of the absorbed steam is increased.

5. Process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump characterized with that the medium carrying the auxiliary heat and/or the deficient solution formed in boiler and/or steams boiled out are led through the boiler and/or the countercurrent heat exchanger and/or vaporizer in countercurrent.

6. Process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump characterized with that the steam contains more and less solvent is led out from the boiler separately at least through two pipes and the steam contains less solvent is led to condenser directly or indirectly.

7. Process for increasing the temperature by means of absorption heat pumping during that the temperature is increased in the solution consists of absorbed steam and solvent with the help of leading in auxiliary heat in the boiler thus the absorbed steam in it is boiled out of the solution and the steam also contains solvent is led out of the boiler and this steam is led in the condenser where the heat energy of the steam is utilized and the fluid formed from the condensed steam is vaporized by means of leading in additional heat, and the steam is absorbed in a deficient solution was led there from the boiler and the resulted abundant solution is streamed through a counter-current heat exchanger to the boiler with the help of a solution pump characterized with that the steam and/or condensate leaving the condenser is led to the vaporizer through the countercurrent heat exchanger and/or vaporizer.

8. Apparatus to carry out absorption heat pumping that has a boiler, a condenser, a countercurrent heat exchanger, a vaporizer an absorber and a solution pump connected with each other by steam and/or liquid streaming pipes characterized with that the inlet of the condenser (15) is connected directly or indirectly with the boiler (9) or the countercurrent heat exchanger (8) or the vaporizer (6) through an instrument that is suitable for pressure decreasing (17, 26) and the exit of the condenser (15) is connected with the countercurrent heat exchanger (8) or the vaporizer (6) through an instrument (17) that is suitable for pressure decreasing directly or indirectly.

9. Boiler particularly to the apparatus according to the 8 item of claim that has pipe connections for pipes streaming abundant and deficient solution, steam and the medium carrying auxiliary heat characterized with that the abundant solution (22) in the boiler (9) counter-moves to the deficient solution that is streamed through its pipe (12) and/or to the medium carrying auxiliary heat that is streamed through its pipe (11) and/or to the streamline of the steam has boiled out (13, 14) or its condensate that is streamed through its pipe.

10. Boiler according to the 9 item of claim characterized with that the boiler (9) essentially provides the horizontal streaming of the abundant solution (22) by its arrangement.

11. Boiler particularly to the apparatus according to the 8 item of claim that has pipe connections for streaming abundant and deficient solution, steam and the medium carrying auxiliary heat characterized with that the boiler (9) has respective pipe connections (13, 14) for the boiled steams are abundant and deficient in solvent.

12. Condenser particularly to the apparatus according to the 8 item of claim characterized with that the condenser 31 designed in such way as to convert one part of the heat energy was led into it to mechanical work and to utilize the other part of that in the form of heat.

13. Countercurrent heat exchanger particularly to the apparatus according to the 8 item of claim that has an inner space streaming abundant solution and pipes are led through this inner space characterized with that the countercurrent heat exchanger has a pipe (25) in its inner space that streams air that is heated by waste heat and/or pipes (13, 14) that streams boiled steam or its condensate and/or a pipe (11) that streams the medium carrying auxiliary heat and/or a pipe (12) that streams deficient solution.

14. Vaporizer particularly to the apparatus according to the 8 item of claim that has a casing and pipe connections for streaming medium carrying heat - steam and fluid and/or steam - characterized with that the casing consists of such chambers (27) where steam has different pressure and temperature discharges.

15. Absorber particularly to the apparatus according to the 8 item of claim that has a casing and pipe connections for streaming deficient solution, steam and abundant solution characterized with that the casing consists of chambers (28) that absorb steam has different pressure and temperature.