WO2002060152A2 - Ameliorations se rapportant a des systemes de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Ameliorations se rapportant a des systemes de communication sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002060152A2
WO2002060152A2 PCT/GB2002/000322 GB0200322W WO02060152A2 WO 2002060152 A2 WO2002060152 A2 WO 2002060152A2 GB 0200322 W GB0200322 W GB 0200322W WO 02060152 A2 WO02060152 A2 WO 02060152A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
packet
wireless communication
proxy server
mobile client
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2002/000322
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002060152A3 (fr
Inventor
Matthew Woolf
Original Assignee
Pogo Mobile Solutions Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0102114A external-priority patent/GB0102114D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0102113A external-priority patent/GB0102113D0/en
Application filed by Pogo Mobile Solutions Limited filed Critical Pogo Mobile Solutions Limited
Priority to EP02710113A priority Critical patent/EP1358751A2/fr
Priority to AU2002228168A priority patent/AU2002228168A1/en
Publication of WO2002060152A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002060152A2/fr
Publication of WO2002060152A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002060152A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/04—Protocols for data compression, e.g. ROHC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H04L69/161—Implementation details of TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack architecture; Specification of modified or new header fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H04L69/166—IP fragmentation; TCP segmentation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION RELATES to improvements in or relating to wireless communication systems and more particularly to a protocol for facilitating wireless communication.
  • IP Internet Protocols
  • RFC Remote Method Call Identity
  • Data is sent by IP in IP packets.
  • IP packets contains information concerning addressing, routing, data and system control.
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • PPP Point-To-Point Protocol
  • RFC 1331 is an Internet standard for serial communications, usually over a telephone line, to filter and transmit data on a selected basis between two specific IP addresses.
  • TCP/IP protocols are independent of the physical hardware upon which they operate and use a universally recognised address structure so that networks using different operating systems can be interconnected.
  • the TCP/IP protocols also provide acknowledgements between a source and a destination as verification of receipt of transfer data.
  • PPP/TCP IP establish connections between a single device and multiple devices in 1514 byte chunks for Ethernet and TCP, sequencing, re-transmitting and routing information to establish multiple "virtual circuits" over the required physical media.
  • the protocol works well over the terrestrial connections typically used by the Internet but does not work as efficiently when used in wireless applications having bandwidth constraints.
  • GSM is a particularly good example of a wireless communication standard which has been optimised for point to point data transfer at a relatively low bandwidth.
  • Internet protocols are optimised for multi-session, multi-point connections on high speed networks. There is, therefore, a conflict and significant drop in efficiency when attempting to use Internet protocols over a wireless network. Indeed, because the wireless network typically establishes a Point-To-Point session rather than a multi-session or multi-point connection, many of the features specifically included in IP represent a waste of the valuable bandwidth that is available over the wireless network. Therefore, there is a significant disadvantage to using IP over wireless networks owing to a large volume of the information sent in the IP packets being redundant when transferred over, for example, a GSM network. There is also a certain amount of duplication in the functionality provided by the Internet protocols and contained within wireless communication standards, for example, GSM.
  • a wireless network standard such as GSM
  • one aspect of the present invention provides a method of transferring data over a wireless communication network, the wireless communication network having a protocol operable to produce a carrier packet having a source address, a destination address, route information, error control information and a data payload, the method comprising the steps of incorporating in the data payload of the carrier packet a route-less protocol data packet comprising a source identifier, a data payload, a plurality of unique markers occurring at defined intervals in the data payload but excluding routing information; and transferring the carrier packet incorporating the route-less protocol packet over the wireless communication network.
  • the unique markers occur at regular intervals.
  • detection of a missing marker forces retransmission of the carrier packet containing the missing marker.
  • the wireless communication network is a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) network and the carrier packet is a GSM packet.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • the route-less protocol data packet has the following structure:
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a data packet for transfer over a wireless communication network comprising a source identifier, a data payload, a plurality of unique markers occurring at predefined intervals in the data payload but excluding routing information.
  • the unique markers occur regularly through the data payload.
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides a wireless network carrier data packet having a source address, a destination address, route information, error control information and a data payload comprising a data packet having a source identifier, a data payload, a plurality of unique markers occurring at predefined intervals in the data payload but excluding routing information.
  • Figure 1 is a table comparing examples of the present invention against IP and TCP/IP protocols.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a client/proxy infrastructure embodying the present invention.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • route-less IP Internet protocol
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • the data typically voice data
  • the data is captured, compressed and transmitted twenty-five times a second in a designated time slot as a packet of sixty-five bytes of data.
  • That GSM packet also contains sequencing and routing information.
  • the GSM standard is therefore ideal for streaming compressed audio between a device and a base station.
  • GSM also incorporates additional protocols for control and network management to allocate frequencies and slots within those frequencies. GSM also supports the handing over of calls from one cell to another so that a mobile hand set is always in contact with a cell providing the strongest signal.
  • the wireless communication system uses functionality provided by the GSM standard as a backbone and then supplements that backbone with an Internet protocol which has been constructed to avoid duplication and redundancy of functionality of the features provided by the GSM standard.
  • the TCP function in a convention at TCP/IP protocol is redundant when used in conjunction with the GSM protocol because GSM already incorporates the a protocol to verify communication between the two nodes.
  • the IP embodying the present invention is constrained to effect data transfer only between a single source (a mobile handset) and a single destination (a proxy server).
  • TCP error correction and retransmission functions developed in TCP for use over the Internet are designed to cope with a different category of error to those which occur in wireless communication systems such as GSM.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • the ability of TCP/IP to reroute data around a network if one node fails is not an error which could occur commonly ⁇ i the point to point communication established using GSM and is therefore redundant. Any re-routing to be found in a GSM network is essentially limited to the switching of base stations (hand over) as a device experiences different signal strengths from different cell stations.
  • GSM does suffer from the problem of dropped packets where the information content of an entire packet is lost due to radio interference, lack of signal strength or line of sight obstructions.
  • the IP embodying the present invention comprises a packet of data which does not include any routing information.
  • the only information which might be regarded as routing information comprises a thirty-two bit identifier or signature to indicate the message source to the device for which the data is destined.
  • no route resolution information needs to be included and, because GSM already shares some functionality with TCP/IP, generalised error correction information is also not needed in the IP embodying the present invention.
  • the IP embodying the present invention includes a unique marker introduced in the packet at well defined intervals.
  • the remainder of the IP protocol packet embodying the present invention comprises the data to be transmitted.
  • the data packet sizes are variable (depending upon the type of data to be transferred) and are generally a small multiple of a GSM packet size.
  • the purpose of the markers is to identify data which has been dropped or deleted during transmission. As the markers occur at well defined intervals in the data being transferred, when a marker is detected as missing, this is an indication that a deletion has occurred somewhere between a previous marker and the last detected marker. In this regard, a re-transmission of the packet containing the missing marker is then forced.
  • the well defined intervals need not necessarily be constant, but are at any time known, either by initialisation, definition or re-specification during transmission.
  • the logic of checking the marker is present is the same in any case, as long as the protocol knows where to look.
  • the trick to reducing retransmission is to pick a repetitiveness that mirrors the underlying backbone (e.g. GSM) packet structure or which is a small multiple, to reduce and synchronise re-transmissions with the medium.
  • GSM backbone
  • a method of transferring data embodying the present invention uses the GSM packet as a carrier packet for a route-less IP packet embodying the present invention.
  • the route-less IP packet is embedded in the (or as the) data payload of the GSM packet.
  • the GSM packet carries all the necessary address and routing information to effect and maintain a reliable connection without duplicating or rendering redundant the functionality of the constituent parts of the route-less IP packet thereby minimising the amount of data to be transferred to make the most use of the available bandwidth.
  • the route-less IP packet incorporates unique markers at predefined intervals. The unique markers add a negligible overhead to the size of the composite data packet.
  • a packet structure embodying the present invention employed over circuit- switched data is described below. It should be noted that an Ack (acknowledgement) packet is only 2 bytes long, and the data header is only 8 bytes long. Data within a packet is limited to 256 bytes. Longer data items are broken up into 256 fragments and in byte 2 the First, Cancel and Last bits indicate the nature of the fragment. Index Msb 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Lsb 0
  • Route identifier - a unique ID that has been defined during establishment of the sequence determining the intended source and destination for the data
  • the RFC791 standard defines an IP packet header as requiring 24 bytes.
  • the above packet header is 8 bytes, (with an acknowledge reduced to two bytes).
  • n is the number of GSM packets required to send a complete data payload and header
  • e is the payload efficiency, the ratio of transmitted bytes that are not header or control information.
  • the top row of percentages represent packet loss, from 0% (perfect transmission) to 20% (one in five GSM packets are lost).
  • the second block describe the relative efficiency of proposed protocol, and the third block the efficiency of standard IP with a header size of 24 bytes.
  • the final row represent typical efficiency gains comparing data payloads of 248 bytes and the default TCP/IP size of 576 bytes plus minimal TCP/IP header.
  • the GSM network is operating in transparent mode - individual packets can be lost.
  • Transparent mode has the higher throughput (approx 13kbps).
  • Moving to non-transparent mode is equivalent to reducing the packet loss rate to 0%, eliminating some of the advantages of the proposed protocol, but reduces the typical network throughput to 9.6kbps.
  • Packet loss is assumed to be "worst case" in the above figures - i.e. the loss of a single GSM packet causes an entire data packet retransmit. This, is the case where, for example, a data packet requiring 5 GSM packets is continuously re-transmitted because the error rate of 20% appears as every fifth packet being deleted. In reality, packet loss is not linear, improving the throughput from the figures above.
  • the proposed protocol does fragmenting and defragmenting of long data packets, in a similar fashion to TCP.
  • circuit- switched connections such as GSM
  • the algorithm employed is much simpler as the underlying medium is already sequential, unlike packet- switched networks.
  • the relative saving is considerable as TCP headers are an additional 20 bytes at minimum (and potentially much more).
  • a mobile telecommunications unit 1 incorporates therein a client web-browser in wireless communication 2 with a base station 3, connectecTto a proxy server 4 provided with an Internet connection 5 to the Internet 6.
  • the above listed functions take place within the client device.
  • the circumstances are that the wireless communication link 2 is a low bandwidth connection meaning that if the mobile client would process all the above functions required for its web browser and download the necessary data, long delays would be encountered and browsing would be inconvenient for a mobile user.
  • the above listed tasks are divided between the mobile client device 1 and the proxy server 4. In this manner, the processing requirements of the mobile client device 1 can be greatly reduced and the amount of time required to download the necessary data to the mobile client device 1 from the proxy server 4 can be minimised.
  • the first four web-browser tasks listed above being HTTP request formation, HTTP protocol and session management, HTTP response parsing and HTML parsing and DOM ⁇ creation are all functions which in this example of the present invention are executed on the proxy server 4 networked to the Internet 6.
  • significantly simplified algorithms for rendering and user interaction with the document object model (DOM) are required at the mobile client device 1 thereby simplifying the client requirements.
  • Further transmitting between the proxy server 4 and the mobile client device 1 simply a binary DOM greatly reduces the volume of data transmitted compared to the transmission of HTML data using standard HTTP protocols.
  • a particularly preferred method of transmitting the binary DOM data from the proxy server 4 to the mobile client device 1 is via the base station 3, using the method of transferring data previously described incorporating route-less protocol data packets.
  • the proxy server 4 is operable to store a number of "favourite" websites accessed by mobile client devices 1 subscribing to the network in binary DOM format so that when these are requested by the mobile client 1, the proxy server 4 simply transmits the binary DOM rather than having to download the HTML data itself from the Internet 6.
  • This library of DOMs saves significant time and obviates the need for the proxy server 4 to carry out HTTP request formation, HTTP protocol and session management; HTTP response parsing and HTML parsing and DOM creation upon each request by a mobile client device 1.
  • the proxy server 4 would need to make the necessary HTTP request to download the HTML pages, parse them and create the appropriate DOM for subsequent compression and transmission to the mobile client 1.
  • the binary DOM may be stored on the proxy server for subsequent retrieval by the same mobile client unit 1 or other mobile client units 1 connected to the network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transfert de données sur un réseau de communication sans fil, ce réseau de communication sans fil étant doté d'un protocole pouvant fonctionner de manière à produire un paquet d'ondes porteuses doté d'une adresse source, d'une adresse de destination, d'informations de chemin, d'informations de contrôle d'erreur et d'une charge utile de données. Ce procédé consiste à intégrer, dans la charge utile de données du paquet d'ondes porteuses, un paquet de données de protocole sans chemin comprenant un identificateur de source, une charge utile de données ainsi qu'une pluralité de marqueurs uniques intervenant à des intervalles prédéfinis dans la charge utile de données, les informations d'acheminement étant exclues. Ledit procédé consiste ensuite à transférer le paquet d'ondes porteuses comprenant le paquet de protocole sans chemin sur le réseau de communication sans fil.
PCT/GB2002/000322 2001-01-26 2002-01-25 Ameliorations se rapportant a des systemes de communication sans fil WO2002060152A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02710113A EP1358751A2 (fr) 2001-01-26 2002-01-25 Ameliorations se rapportant a des systemes de communication sans fil
AU2002228168A AU2002228168A1 (en) 2001-01-26 2002-01-25 Improvements in or relating to wireless communication systems

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0102114A GB0102114D0 (en) 2001-01-26 2001-01-26 A method of data compression
GB0102113.8 2001-01-26
GB0102114.6 2001-01-26
GB0102113A GB0102113D0 (en) 2001-01-26 2001-01-26 Improvements in or relating to wireless communication systems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002060152A2 true WO2002060152A2 (fr) 2002-08-01
WO2002060152A3 WO2002060152A3 (fr) 2003-06-05

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PCT/GB2002/000322 WO2002060152A2 (fr) 2001-01-26 2002-01-25 Ameliorations se rapportant a des systemes de communication sans fil
PCT/GB2002/000307 WO2002060067A2 (fr) 2001-01-26 2002-01-25 Procede de compression de donnees

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PCT/GB2002/000307 WO2002060067A2 (fr) 2001-01-26 2002-01-25 Procede de compression de donnees

Country Status (3)

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EP (2) EP1358751A2 (fr)
AU (2) AU2002226550A1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2002060152A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100146112A1 (en) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 Real Dice Inc. Efficient communication techniques
WO2013138179A1 (fr) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Google Inc. Système et procédé pour produire une représentation binaire d'une page web

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US7333801B2 (en) * 2003-06-04 2008-02-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for translating resource names in a wireless environment
EP1634423B1 (fr) * 2003-06-06 2013-01-02 Computer Associates Think, Inc. Systeme et procede de compression de parametres de demande d'url
CN1635492A (zh) * 2003-12-30 2005-07-06 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 一种xml数据的压缩与解压缩方法及装置
US8321326B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2012-11-27 Auerbach Group Llc Method and system for enhancing the efficiency of a digitally communicated data exchange

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US20100146112A1 (en) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 Real Dice Inc. Efficient communication techniques
WO2013138179A1 (fr) * 2012-03-13 2013-09-19 Google Inc. Système et procédé pour produire une représentation binaire d'une page web
CN104185845A (zh) * 2012-03-13 2014-12-03 谷歌公司 用于提供网页的二进制表示的系统和方法
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US10360291B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2019-07-23 Google Llc System and method providing a binary representation of a web page
US11194557B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2021-12-07 Google Llc System and method providing a binary representation of a web page

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002228168A1 (en) 2002-08-06
WO2002060067A2 (fr) 2002-08-01
WO2002060152A3 (fr) 2003-06-05
AU2002226550A1 (en) 2002-08-06
WO2002060067A3 (fr) 2003-09-18
EP1360772A2 (fr) 2003-11-12
EP1358751A2 (fr) 2003-11-05

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