WO2002060004A2 - An integrated antenna system - Google Patents

An integrated antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002060004A2
WO2002060004A2 PCT/US2002/000239 US0200239W WO02060004A2 WO 2002060004 A2 WO2002060004 A2 WO 2002060004A2 US 0200239 W US0200239 W US 0200239W WO 02060004 A2 WO02060004 A2 WO 02060004A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resonating
antenna system
integrated antenna
connection
conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/000239
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002060004A3 (en
Inventor
Bonnie A. Crystal
Original Assignee
Telisar Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telisar Corporation filed Critical Telisar Corporation
Priority to EP02713361A priority Critical patent/EP1430563A4/en
Priority to AU2002245218A priority patent/AU2002245218A1/en
Publication of WO2002060004A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002060004A2/en
Publication of WO2002060004A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002060004A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2283—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles mounted in or on the surface of a semiconductor substrate as a chip-type antenna or integrated with other components into an IC package
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • This invention is related to antennas in general, and in particular to miniature antennas for wireless communications.
  • Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones, cordless telephones, wireless Local Area Network (LAN) equipment, radios, televisions, and wireless Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).
  • cellular telephones cordless telephones
  • LAN Local Area Network
  • radios radios
  • televisions and wireless Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).
  • PDAs Personal Digital Assistants
  • Such miniature antennas typically operate with signals within a range of frequencies. Ideally, the antennas should be tunable to those frequencies to maximize performance. However, because of the small size of the antennas and the devices for which they are used, traditional tuning methods are inappropriate. Hence, such antennas are designed for use with a range of frequencies, but cannot be optimized to work for any particular subsection of a broad range of frequencies. Therefore, there exists a need for a method and system to provide a miniature antenna system that is selectable and adaptable to work for a variety of frequencies or under a variety of conditions.
  • the present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for providing a selectably-tuned miniature antenna.
  • the integrated antenna system has a casing having a plurality of conductive pins aligned along parallel sides, such as a standard DIP package or surface mount integrated circuit package.
  • the antenna system also has a plurality of resonating elements each having a first connection and a second connection. Each resonating element is connected at the first connection to a different one of the conductive pins of the casing. Each resonating element is also electrically connected at the second connection to others resonating elements at a common pin, which is typically connected to ground.
  • the system also has an antenna element; and each resonating element is electrically coupled to that antenna element.
  • the antenna system has an insulating layer disposed between the resonating elements and the antenna element, with the resonating elements being capacitively coupled to the antenna element.
  • the resonating elements may be directly electrically connected to the antenna element.
  • one or more switches are connected to one of the connectors of at least one of the resonating elements such that opening the switch opens the circuit between the pin connected to the first connector of the resonating element and the common pin connected to the second connection of the resonating element.
  • a switch may be controlled by a switching circuit which is itself controlled by signals applied to a plurality of the casing's pins.
  • the resonating elements may comprise thin strips of conductive material, which may be constructed as miniature versions of existing wire antennas known in the art. Such conductive elements may be thin and patterned directly onto the appropriate surfaces of the antenna system 10.
  • a second type of resonating element uses small coils, either with a capacitor to tune the coil to the desired frequency or without such a variable capacitor or other tunable element.
  • the third type of resonating element 40 uses a coaxial cable having a conductive central core surrounded by an insulating layer which is surrounded by a conductive coaxial layer.
  • the central core is connected to the potential of the common pin and the first second connectors are electrically connected to the conductive coaxial layer.
  • a plurality of coaxial cables are embedded in a common non- conductive material.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of a micro-antenna system according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of the system of Figure 1 along line A-A.
  • Figures 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment to Figure 1 wherein switching circuitry is contained in the package.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a micro-resonator according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 are two different views of the same system, with Figure 2 being a cross-sectional view along line A-A of the antenna system of Figure 1.
  • the antenna system 10 comprises a casing 20 and pins 30, of the type of casing and pins commonly used in integrated circuits, either where pins 30 extend through the base substrate (the traditional dual-inline pin packaging (DIP)) or where casing 20 is typical of surface-mount integrated circuits.
  • DIP dual-inline pin packaging
  • Casing 20 contains one or more micro-antenna resonating elements 40, as described in detail below.
  • Resonating elements 40 are connected to a ground pin 34 among pins 30 and to an active pin 32.
  • the desired resonating element 40 may be selected simply by choosing the appropriate active pin 32 among pins 30.
  • resonating elements 40 of different characteristics such as directionality and frequency range
  • a variety of operational characteristics of antenna system 10 may be selected by the user or the circuitry external to antenna system 10. This may include selection of multiple resonating elements 40 simultaneously.
  • An insulating layer 50 is disposed above the resonating elements 40 and substantially covers one surface of antenna system 10.
  • a highly conductive antenna element 60 is disposed such that antenna element 60 and resonating element 40 are separated by insulating layer 50. In this manner resonating element 40 and antenna element 60 are capacitively coupled to each other. Alternatively, resonating element 40 and antenna element 60 may be directly connected.
  • One such method of direct connection is through a conductive via through insulating layer 50 (not shown).
  • antenna element 60 becomes a highly effective miniature antenna.
  • antenna element 60 may be an antenna surface slightly larger than resonating element 40, and may be shared by all such resonating elements 40. Alternatively, a plurality of antenna elements 60 may be disposed upon insulating layer 50. It should be noted that although one specific geometry of such an antenna system 10 is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a variety of alternative configurations may be utilized. Furthermore, by using multiple grounds disposed within antenna system 10, unwanted coupling interference between the resonating elements 40 can be minimized.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an antenna system according to the present invention.
  • a casing 320 is similar to the casing 20 of Figure 1.
  • Each of several of a plurality of pins 330 is connected to one of a plurality of resonating elements 340.
  • switching circuitry 350 is connected to a different plurality of pins 330.
  • the switching circuitry 350 operates a plurality of switches 352, each switch 352 being disposed between a resonating element 340 and ground 334. In this manner signals on pins 330 corresponding to switching circuitry 350 may be used to select specific ones of resonating elements 340 to connect to ground 334, thereby activating the connection.
  • a resonating element 40 Three specific embodiments of a resonating element 40 are taught herein. While these embodiments are illustrative of miniature resonating elements 40 according to the present invention, they do not exhaustively catalogue the available alternative embodiments compatible with use with an antenna system according to the present invention.
  • the first embodiment of a resonating element 40 uses thin strips of conductive material to serve as the resonating element 40 and antenna element 60.
  • Such conductive strips may be constructed as miniature versions of existing wire antennas known in the art.
  • Such conductive elements may be thin and patterned directly onto the appropriate surfaces of the antenna system 10.
  • the second embodiment of a resonating element 40 uses small coils.
  • a capacitor may be used to tune the coil to the desired frequency.
  • switch 352 of Figure 3 may be replaced with a variable capacitor or other tunable element to facilitate tuning of resonating element 40.
  • the third embodiment of a resonating element 40 uses a coaxial cable, configured in a manner different than traditional uses of such cable, as illustrated in Figure 4.
  • a signal is placed on a conductor central core 450.
  • An insulator 440 surrounds conductor 450.
  • a second conductor 430 is tied to ground. The signal is prevented from interacting with signals external to the cable, such interference either being with or from an existing signal.
  • this polarity is reversed.
  • the conductive central core 450 is connected to ground and second conductor 430 receives the signal. In this manner rather than second conductor 430 shielding the signal, the arrangement actually enhances radiation of the signal for the antenna system 410.

Abstract

The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for providing a selectably-tuned miniature antenna. The integrated antenna system has a casing (20) with a plurality of conductive pins (30) aligned along parallel sides, such as a standard DIP package or surface mount integrated circuit package. The antenna system also has a plurality of resonating elements (40) each having a first connection and a second connection. Each resonating element is connected at the first connection to a different one of the conductive pins of the casing. Each resonating element is also electrically connected at the second connection to others resonating element at a common pin, which is typically connected to ground. The system also has an antenna element (60); and each resonating element is electrically coupled to that antenna element.

Description

AN INTEGRATED ANTENNA SYSTEM
PRIORITY OF INVENTION This application claims priority of provisional application 60/260,083, "An Integrated Antenna System," filed January 6, 2001, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention is related to antennas in general, and in particular to miniature antennas for wireless communications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many modern devices utilize miniature antennas to transmit or receive signals.
Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones, cordless telephones, wireless Local Area Network (LAN) equipment, radios, televisions, and wireless Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs).
Such miniature antennas typically operate with signals within a range of frequencies. Ideally, the antennas should be tunable to those frequencies to maximize performance. However, because of the small size of the antennas and the devices for which they are used, traditional tuning methods are inappropriate. Hence, such antennas are designed for use with a range of frequencies, but cannot be optimized to work for any particular subsection of a broad range of frequencies. Therefore, there exists a need for a method and system to provide a miniature antenna system that is selectable and adaptable to work for a variety of frequencies or under a variety of conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a system, apparatus and method for providing a selectably-tuned miniature antenna. The integrated antenna system has a casing having a plurality of conductive pins aligned along parallel sides, such as a standard DIP package or surface mount integrated circuit package. The antenna system also has a plurality of resonating elements each having a first connection and a second connection. Each resonating element is connected at the first connection to a different one of the conductive pins of the casing. Each resonating element is also electrically connected at the second connection to others resonating elements at a common pin, which is typically connected to ground. The system also has an antenna element; and each resonating element is electrically coupled to that antenna element.
In some embodiments of the present invention the antenna system has an insulating layer disposed between the resonating elements and the antenna element, with the resonating elements being capacitively coupled to the antenna element. Alternatively, the resonating elements may be directly electrically connected to the antenna element.
In other embodiments one or more switches are connected to one of the connectors of at least one of the resonating elements such that opening the switch opens the circuit between the pin connected to the first connector of the resonating element and the common pin connected to the second connection of the resonating element. Such a switch may be controlled by a switching circuit which is itself controlled by signals applied to a plurality of the casing's pins.
A variety of compatible resonating elements are discussed. First, the resonating elements may comprise thin strips of conductive material, which may be constructed as miniature versions of existing wire antennas known in the art. Such conductive elements may be thin and patterned directly onto the appropriate surfaces of the antenna system 10.
A second type of resonating element uses small coils, either with a capacitor to tune the coil to the desired frequency or without such a variable capacitor or other tunable element.
The third type of resonating element 40 uses a coaxial cable having a conductive central core surrounded by an insulating layer which is surrounded by a conductive coaxial layer. The central core is connected to the potential of the common pin and the first second connectors are electrically connected to the conductive coaxial layer. In some embodiments a plurality of coaxial cables are embedded in a common non- conductive material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings. Figure 1 is an illustration of a micro-antenna system according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is an illustration of the system of Figure 1 along line A-A. Figures 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment to Figure 1 wherein switching circuitry is contained in the package.
Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a micro-resonator according to one embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, which are two different views of the same system, with Figure 2 being a cross-sectional view along line A-A of the antenna system of Figure 1. The antenna system 10 comprises a casing 20 and pins 30, of the type of casing and pins commonly used in integrated circuits, either where pins 30 extend through the base substrate (the traditional dual-inline pin packaging (DIP)) or where casing 20 is typical of surface-mount integrated circuits.
Casing 20 contains one or more micro-antenna resonating elements 40, as described in detail below. Resonating elements 40 are connected to a ground pin 34 among pins 30 and to an active pin 32. By connecting different resonating elements 40 to different pins 30, the desired resonating element 40 may be selected simply by choosing the appropriate active pin 32 among pins 30. By selecting resonating elements 40 of different characteristics, such as directionality and frequency range, a variety of operational characteristics of antenna system 10 may be selected by the user or the circuitry external to antenna system 10. This may include selection of multiple resonating elements 40 simultaneously.
An insulating layer 50, illustrated in Figure 2, is disposed above the resonating elements 40 and substantially covers one surface of antenna system 10. A highly conductive antenna element 60 is disposed such that antenna element 60 and resonating element 40 are separated by insulating layer 50. In this manner resonating element 40 and antenna element 60 are capacitively coupled to each other. Alternatively, resonating element 40 and antenna element 60 may be directly connected. One such method of direct connection is through a conductive via through insulating layer 50 (not shown).
By using an appropriate conductive material such as gold or silver, antenna element 60 becomes a highly effective miniature antenna. According to the present invention, antenna element 60 may be an antenna surface slightly larger than resonating element 40, and may be shared by all such resonating elements 40. Alternatively, a plurality of antenna elements 60 may be disposed upon insulating layer 50. It should be noted that although one specific geometry of such an antenna system 10 is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a variety of alternative configurations may be utilized. Furthermore, by using multiple grounds disposed within antenna system 10, unwanted coupling interference between the resonating elements 40 can be minimized. Figure 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an antenna system according to the present invention. A casing 320 is similar to the casing 20 of Figure 1. Each of several of a plurality of pins 330 is connected to one of a plurality of resonating elements 340. In this embodiment, switching circuitry 350 is connected to a different plurality of pins 330. The switching circuitry 350 operates a plurality of switches 352, each switch 352 being disposed between a resonating element 340 and ground 334. In this manner signals on pins 330 corresponding to switching circuitry 350 may be used to select specific ones of resonating elements 340 to connect to ground 334, thereby activating the connection.
Three specific embodiments of a resonating element 40 are taught herein. While these embodiments are illustrative of miniature resonating elements 40 according to the present invention, they do not exhaustively catalogue the available alternative embodiments compatible with use with an antenna system according to the present invention.
The first embodiment of a resonating element 40 uses thin strips of conductive material to serve as the resonating element 40 and antenna element 60. Such conductive strips may be constructed as miniature versions of existing wire antennas known in the art. Such conductive elements may be thin and patterned directly onto the appropriate surfaces of the antenna system 10.
The second embodiment of a resonating element 40 uses small coils. In some such embodiments, a capacitor may be used to tune the coil to the desired frequency. In other such embodiments, switch 352 of Figure 3 may be replaced with a variable capacitor or other tunable element to facilitate tuning of resonating element 40.
The third embodiment of a resonating element 40 uses a coaxial cable, configured in a manner different than traditional uses of such cable, as illustrated in Figure 4. In the prior art, a signal is placed on a conductor central core 450. An insulator 440 surrounds conductor 450. A second conductor 430 is tied to ground. The signal is prevented from interacting with signals external to the cable, such interference either being with or from an existing signal.
In the present invention, this polarity is reversed. The conductive central core 450 is connected to ground and second conductor 430 receives the signal. In this manner rather than second conductor 430 shielding the signal, the arrangement actually enhances radiation of the signal for the antenna system 410.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, as noted above, many changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the preferred embodiment. Instead, the invention should be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.

Claims

CLAIMS I claim:
1. An integrated antenna system comprising: a casing have a plurality of conductive pins aligned along parallel sides; a plurality of resonating elements having a first connection and a second connection, each said resonating element being connected at said first connection to a different one of said conductive pins and being electrically connected at said second connection to others of said resonating elements at a common pin; an antenna element; and wherein each said resonating elements are electrically coupled to said antenna element.
2. The integrated antenna system of claim 1 wherein said casing comprises a DIP package.
3. The integrated antenna system of claim 1 wherein an insulating layer is disposed between said resonating elements and said antenna element and wherein said resonating elements and said antenna element are capacitively coupled.
4. The integrated antenna system of claim 1 wherein a switch is connected to one of the connectors of at least one of said resonating elements such that opening the switch opens the circuit between the pin connected to said first connector of said resonating element and said common pin connected to said second connection of said resonating element.
5. The integrated antenna system of claim 4 wherein said switch is controlled by a switching circuit controlled by signals applied to a plurality of said pins.
6. The integrated antenna system of claim 1 wherein at least one of said resonating element comprises a wire coil.
7. The integrated antenna system of claim 6 wherein at least one of said resonating elements further comprises a capacitor.
8. The integrated antenna system of claim 1 wherein at least one of said resonating element comprises a wire coil.
9. The integrated antenna system of claim 1 wherein at least one of said resonating element comprises a coaxial cable having a conductive central cores surrounded by an insulating layer which is surrounded by a conductive coaxial layer, wherein said central core is connected to potential of said common pin and wherein said first connector and said second connector is electrically connected to said conductive coaxial layer.
10. The integrated antenna system of claim 10 wherein a plurality of said coaxial cables are embedded in a common non-conductive material.
PCT/US2002/000239 2001-01-06 2002-01-07 An integrated antenna system WO2002060004A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02713361A EP1430563A4 (en) 2001-01-06 2002-01-07 An integrated antenna system
AU2002245218A AU2002245218A1 (en) 2001-01-06 2002-01-07 An integrated antenna system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26008301P 2001-01-06 2001-01-06
US60/260,083 2001-01-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002060004A2 true WO2002060004A2 (en) 2002-08-01
WO2002060004A3 WO2002060004A3 (en) 2002-11-14

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WO (1) WO2002060004A2 (en)

Cited By (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1939980A1 (en) 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 Broadcom Corporation Adjustable integrated circuit antenna structure
WO2008111914A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-18 Nanyang Technological University An integrated circuit structure and a method of forming the same
US7463199B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2008-12-09 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US7839334B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2010-11-23 Broadcom Corporation IC with a 55-64 GHz antenna
US7893878B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-02-22 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit antenna structure
US7894777B1 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-02-22 Broadcom Corporation IC with a configurable antenna structure
US7924226B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-04-12 Fractus, S.A. Tunable antenna
US7944398B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-05-17 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit having a low efficiency antenna
US7979033B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-07-12 Broadcom Corporation IC antenna structures and applications thereof
US8196829B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2012-06-12 Fractus, S.A. Chip module, sim card, wireless device and wireless communication method
US8232919B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2012-07-31 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit MEMs antenna structure
US8330259B2 (en) 2004-07-23 2012-12-11 Fractus, S.A. Antenna in package with reduced electromagnetic interaction with on chip elements

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US10644405B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2020-05-05 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US7463199B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2008-12-09 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US7791539B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2010-09-07 Fractus, S.A. Radio-frequency system in package including antenna
US10320079B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2019-06-11 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US10056691B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2018-08-21 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US9761948B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2017-09-12 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US9077073B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2015-07-07 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US8203488B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2012-06-19 Fractus, S.A. Integrated circuit package including miniature antenna
US8330259B2 (en) 2004-07-23 2012-12-11 Fractus, S.A. Antenna in package with reduced electromagnetic interaction with on chip elements
US7924226B2 (en) 2004-09-27 2011-04-12 Fractus, S.A. Tunable antenna
US8196829B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2012-06-12 Fractus, S.A. Chip module, sim card, wireless device and wireless communication method
US7893878B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-02-22 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit antenna structure
US7979033B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-07-12 Broadcom Corporation IC antenna structures and applications thereof
US8232919B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2012-07-31 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit MEMs antenna structure
US7973730B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-07-05 Broadcom Corporation Adjustable integrated circuit antenna structure
US7944398B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-05-17 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit having a low efficiency antenna
US7894777B1 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-02-22 Broadcom Corporation IC with a configurable antenna structure
EP1939980A1 (en) 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 Broadcom Corporation Adjustable integrated circuit antenna structure
US7839334B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2010-11-23 Broadcom Corporation IC with a 55-64 GHz antenna
US8164167B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2012-04-24 Nanyang Technological University Integrated circuit structure and a method of forming the same
WO2008111914A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-18 Nanyang Technological University An integrated circuit structure and a method of forming the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1430563A4 (en) 2005-02-09
AU2002245218A1 (en) 2002-08-06
EP1430563A2 (en) 2004-06-23
WO2002060004A3 (en) 2002-11-14

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