WO2002055173A1 - Pompe de recuperation fixe, regenerative et a plusieurs etages adaptee a des systemes de filtration - Google Patents

Pompe de recuperation fixe, regenerative et a plusieurs etages adaptee a des systemes de filtration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002055173A1
WO2002055173A1 PCT/US2002/001027 US0201027W WO02055173A1 WO 2002055173 A1 WO2002055173 A1 WO 2002055173A1 US 0201027 W US0201027 W US 0201027W WO 02055173 A1 WO02055173 A1 WO 02055173A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
cylinder
filter
outlet
chambers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/001027
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Buddy Don Gray
Original Assignee
Teknowsmartz Innovations Techn
Buddy Don Gray
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teknowsmartz Innovations Techn, Buddy Don Gray filed Critical Teknowsmartz Innovations Techn
Priority to CA002468987A priority Critical patent/CA2468987A1/fr
Publication of WO2002055173A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002055173A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/1095—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers having two or more pumping chambers in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B01D61/026—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration comprising multiple reverse osmosis steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/06—Energy recovery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
    • B01D61/146—Ultrafiltration comprising multiple ultrafiltration steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/20—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pump for use in filtration systems, and more specifically, to a multi-stage positive-displacement pump for use in tangential, crossflow filtration, and reverse osmosis systems that controls the recovery ratio of process fluids in various stages of filtration and recovers energy normally lost in expelled reject or concentrate waste streams.
  • Keefer 's device is a single stage piston-type pump that provides for recovery of energy normally lost to the reject waste stream.
  • Keefer 's device requires various combinations of complex valve mechanisms, differential surge absorbers, piston dwells, and numerous other components.
  • Reefer uses multiple cylinders to drive only one single stage reverse osmosis element.
  • Reefer does not teach multi-stage applications and is further limited to reverse osmosis elements.
  • Reefer's use of surge absorbers and piston dwells prohibits Reefer's device from being a true positive displacement pump and also prevents the device from providing a fixed recovery ratio.
  • Gray's device like Reefer's, is a single stage piston-type pump for recovering energy normally lost to the reject waste stream. Gray uses one piston dedicated to pumping and a separate piston dedicated to recovering energy and controlling recovery ratios. However, Gray does not teach multi-stage applications of his device and is limited to reverse osmosis, and he also limits his device to hand held portable systems.
  • Tangential flow filter systems in particular reverse osmosis (RO) based systems, by their very nature have a reject or waste stream composed of concentrated contaminants that do not permeate the membrane. It is this waste stream that serves to keep the membrane surfaces swept clean of contaminants that otherwise would lead to fouling of the membrane surface and subsequent loss of flux, or permeate (product water) flow, through the membrane. It is common that single RO elements have a flux that is equal to or even less than 10% of the total feed water flow, thus resulting in the loss of 90% of the feed water. It is also common in a single stage RO system for over 90% of the energy imparted into the feed water stream to be dissipated and lost in the expulsion of the reject waste stream.
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • Multi-stage systems that directly feed the waste stream of a prior stage as the feed water to a subsequent stage, which in turn feeds its waste stream to a subsequent stage and so on for the total number of stages in the system, recover approximately 40% of the initial feed water flow using 5 stages.
  • the last stage of the system will see a concentration of contaminants in its feed water that is 1.6 times that in the first stage. This means that the pressure of the initial feed water must be 1.6 times higher than that required for the first stage, plus any pressure drops throughout the system. This results in greater energy consumption as well as subjection of the initial stages of elements to pressures higher than required resulting in premature failure or higher costs for membranes, housings, and pumps to withstand the higher pressures.
  • a pump having multiple successive cylinders of decreasing volume. At least one inlet to each cylinder communicates with a preceding cylinder to receive concentrate therefrom. The inlet to the first cylinder receives the raw fluid, and the outlet of the last cylinder expels the waste fluid.
  • pistons mounted to a crankshaft to reciprocate in the cylinders move the fluid into and out of the cylinders through valves driven by cams on the crankshaft.
  • the first cylinder to receive the raw fluid is the largest in volume of all the cylinders.
  • the last cylinder to receive fluid and eject wastes from the pump has the smallest volume of all the cylinders in the pump.
  • a fluid treatment system includes the foregoing pump in combination with a plurality of filters associated with the cylinders for filtering the fluid from each cylinder.
  • a driver is provided to rotate the crankshaft.
  • a water treatment system provided that includes running a fluid to be treated through a fluid treatment apparatus that comprises a plurality cylinder chambers of varying maximum displacement; a plurality of filter chambers, each filter chamber having a filter media inserted therein; a plurality of flow lines transmitting fluid between the plurality of cylinder chambers and the plurality of filter chambers; and recycling part of the energy from the fluid not passing through one of the plurality of filter media to help run the fluid through the fluid treatment apparatus.
  • the disclosed embodiments of the invention function as an integral part of a multi-stage tangential flow filtration system; provide the ability to recover a substantial portion of the energy lost in multiple expelled waste streams and the ability to maintain proper feed water to concentrate and permeate ratios and individual stage pressures in light of varying feed water quality and degradation of individual filtration elements.
  • the disclosed embodiments of the invention work with nano, micro, and other types of tangential flow filtration systems, but in particular with reverse osmosis based systems; and they have the ability to perform all of the above while keeping component count and complexity to a minimum and providing a high degree of reliability through the concept of utilizing subsequent cylinders as combination energy recovery, pumping, ratio fixing, and valving devices.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-section of a six-cylinder, multi-valve, piston type pump that is capable of driving five stages of filtration, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is five-stage filtration system showing the pump, filtration/RO elements, and connecting means between the pump and elements.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-section of both a typical reject stream inlet and outlet check valve showing the directions of flow.
  • Figure 5 is a simplified cross-section of a filtration element showing the inlet, outlets, membrane, and the flow paths of the feed, permeate, and waste streams.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of one embodiment of a pump 10 formed in accordance with the invention. Shown therein is a pump block 11 along with a pump head 12 that contain six cylinder bores 13 (A-F). The six cylinder bores 13(A-F) serve to constrain six pistons 14(A-F) mounted therein.
  • the pistons 14 (A-F) are connected by piston connecting rods 15(A-F) to a crankshaft 16 to reciprocate within their respective cylinder bores 13(A-f).
  • the crankshaft 16 is supported by main bearings 17(A-B) that are in turn supported by the pump block 11.
  • Reject stream inlet check valves 20(A-F) serve to control the flow paths from the cylinder bores 13(A-F).
  • Figure 4 is a view of the reject stream inlet check valve 20 and the reject stream outlet check valve 22, and is typical for all reject stream inlet check valves 20(A-F) and reject stream outlet check valves 22(A-F).
  • An inlet check subassembly 24 allows the fluid flow to enter on the downward stroke of the pistons 14(A-F) and prohibits flow in the reverse direction on the upward stroke of the pistons 14(A-F).
  • An outlet check subassembly 25 allows the fluid flow to exit on the upward stroke of the pistons 14(A-F) and prohibits flow in the reverse direction on the downward stroke of the pistons.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a treatment system having a pump 26, which is a five-stage embodiment of the invention, along with five filtration/RO elements 27(A-E) arranged in a five-stage treatment system.
  • An element feed inlet 28(A-E), an element permeate outlet 29(A-E), an element waste outlet 30(A-E), a system feed inlet 31, and a system waste outlet 32 serve to convey the flows of feed, permeate, and reject wastewaters into, between, and out of the five stages and the overall system.
  • Figure 5 is a simplified cross-section of the filtration/RO elements 27, a tangential or cross-flow filtration or RO element and is typical of all the filtration/RO elements 27(A-E). Shown are the element feed inlet 28, the element permeate outlet 29, and the element waste outlet 30 as well as an element membrane 33, a feed stream into element 34, a waste stream out of element 35, and a permeate stream out of element 36.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the pump 26, showing clockwise rotation of the crankshaft 16.
  • Motive force in the form of either continuous or reciprocating rotary motion and provided by a conventional source (not shown), is applied to the crankshaft 16 at either end of the pump 26.
  • the means of coupling the motive force to the crankshaft 16 can be by any means suitable for the torque required for the intended application.
  • the motive force will be a continuous clockwise rotary motion as viewed from the front of the pump 26, as shown in Figure 3. Also, in this embodiment, the entire system is primed and purged of all undissolved gases.
  • each of the pistons 14(A-F) perform multiple functions and are connected to the crankshaft 16 by the piston connecting rods 15(A-F).
  • the crankshaft 16 is formed in such a way that the pistons 14(A-F) are alternately approximately 180° out of phase with each other such that as piston 14A begins a downstroke, so do pistons 14C and 14E.
  • pistons 14A, 14C, and 14E begin their downstroke
  • pistons 14B, 14D, and 14F begin their upstrokes.
  • the maximum displacement of each cylinder is established by the diameter of the cylinder bore 13(A-F) and the stroke, or distance of travel, of the pistons 14(A-F) which is established by the crankshaft 16. Either the stroke or the diameter of the various cylinders may be varied so as to change the maximum displacement of any specific cylinder.
  • the maximum displacement of each cylinder (A-F) is progressively smaller with respect to any immediately previous cylinder.
  • the difference in displacements establishes the ratio of feed water to reject stream for each stage set, as well as the percent recovery for each stage set. For example: assume the maximum displacement of cylinder A is 1.0 liter, while that of cylinder B is 0.9 liter. The ratio of feed water to reject stream is 10:9.
  • a stage set consists of the primary filtration/RO element 27, and the secondary element 27 for any specific pumping piston 14(A-E).
  • the primary element would be 27 A and the secondary element would be 27B.
  • a typical pump cycle starts with piston 14A at top dead center.
  • feed water is drawn in through the system feed inlet 31, into the feed water inlet stream check valve 20 A, past the inlet check subassembly 24 and into the space in the cylinder bore 13 A, being evacuated by descending piston 14 A. This process continues until the end of the downstroke of piston 14A is reached.
  • control valve 19A opens and piston 14A starts its upstroke, pressurizing the water contained in cylinder bore 13A between piston 14A and the pump head 12, forcing it past control valve 19A, through element feed inlet 28 A, and into element 27A.
  • the pressure of the reject stream applies a downward force to the top of piston 14B.
  • This force is transferred through the piston connecting rod 15B to the crankshaft 16 where it is converted to rotary motion, thus, recovering substantially the energy contained within the reject stream that is normally dissipated across an orifice or control valve in most prior art systems.
  • This process continues until the end of the upstroke of piston 14A is reached.
  • the reject stream from element 27A captivated in and limited in volume by cylinder B, wherein the energy contained in the reject stream has been transferred to crankshaft 6, now becomes the feed source for element 27B when piston 14B starts its upstroke.
  • the pump and system operated in accordance with the method of the invention provides an effective means of not only recovering the energy normally lost in the reject stream of a tangential flow filtration or reverse osmosis system, but also provides for precise control of the feed water to reject stream ratios in a multi-stage system.
  • the pump system automatically adjusts to the new conditions by increasing the pressures developed within the individual stages so as to keep the recovery percentage and feed water-to- reject stream ratios constant.
  • the figures show a 5-stage system, any number of multiple stages are possible. While the figures show a single element, or element set, for each stage, it is to be understood that multiple elements of like or divers types may be utilized in each stage. And, while the figures show an inline block design, the pump could be any other type such as V-block or radial design. Likewise, while the figures show a pump with pistons, connecting rods, and crankshaft, the pump could be any type of reciprocating positive displacement pump such as those that utilize diaphragms, plungers, or wobble plates, instead of pistons and cranks.
  • any other type of check valve such as reed, flapper, or even mechanically or electrically actuated valves of divers types may be utilized. Even though the description discusses a motive force that is a continuous rotary motion in one direction only, a reciprocating motion that travels in first one direction and then reverses could also be a suitable motive force.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de pompe utilisé dans des systèmes de filtration à écoulements tangentiels et à écoulements transversaux, dont l'osmose inverse, les systèmes de nano et microfiltrations. La pompe de cette invention établit indépendamment le pourcentage de récupération de l'eau d'un produit pour chaque étage et récupère l'énergie qui se perd normalement dans les rejets. La pompe (10) est de type volumétrique et corrige la récupération en établissant des rapports définis entre l'admission d'eau et le volume de rejet de chaque étage du système de filtration tout en utilisant les mêmes composantes de définition du rapport pour récupérer l'énergie expulsée dans les rejets ou les concentrés. Les rapports sont définis par des alésages cylindriques (10) (A-F)) de volume décroissant dotés de pistons associés (14)(A-F)) dont le mouvement alternatif assure le déplacement du fluide. La pompe (10) contribue à la conservation de l'eau grâce au retraitement à plusieurs étages efficace d'écoulements concentrés provenant d'un étage quelconque de l'opération de traitement, à l'exception de l'étage final.
PCT/US2002/001027 2001-01-09 2002-01-09 Pompe de recuperation fixe, regenerative et a plusieurs etages adaptee a des systemes de filtration WO2002055173A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002468987A CA2468987A1 (fr) 2001-01-09 2002-01-09 Pompe de recuperation fixe, regenerative et a plusieurs etages adaptee a des systemes de filtration

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26050301P 2001-01-09 2001-01-09
US60/260,503 2001-01-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002055173A1 true WO2002055173A1 (fr) 2002-07-18

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Country Status (3)

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CA (1) CA2468987A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW520997B (fr)
WO (1) WO2002055173A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010025729A1 (fr) * 2008-09-06 2010-03-11 Danfoss A/S Machine à pistons axiaux et dispositif d'osmose inverse

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3825122A (en) * 1973-06-11 1974-07-23 J Taylor Reverse-osmosis pump
US4187173A (en) * 1977-03-28 1980-02-05 Keefer Bowie Reverse osmosis method and apparatus
US4255255A (en) * 1975-03-22 1981-03-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Tubular membrane separation process and apparatus therefor
US6158973A (en) * 1998-03-26 2000-12-12 Trench Plate Rental Co., Inc. Multi-stage manual hydraulic pump

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3825122A (en) * 1973-06-11 1974-07-23 J Taylor Reverse-osmosis pump
US4255255A (en) * 1975-03-22 1981-03-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Tubular membrane separation process and apparatus therefor
US4187173A (en) * 1977-03-28 1980-02-05 Keefer Bowie Reverse osmosis method and apparatus
US6158973A (en) * 1998-03-26 2000-12-12 Trench Plate Rental Co., Inc. Multi-stage manual hydraulic pump

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010025729A1 (fr) * 2008-09-06 2010-03-11 Danfoss A/S Machine à pistons axiaux et dispositif d'osmose inverse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2468987A1 (fr) 2002-07-18
TW520997B (en) 2003-02-21

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