WO2002044700A1 - Thermographic inspection system - Google Patents
Thermographic inspection systemInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002044700A1 WO2002044700A1 PCT/US2001/032191 US0132191W WO0244700A1 WO 2002044700 A1 WO2002044700 A1 WO 2002044700A1 US 0132191 W US0132191 W US 0132191W WO 0244700 A1 WO0244700 A1 WO 0244700A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- web
- paper
- heating
- attribute
- operative
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/72—Investigating presence of flaws
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to an optical inspection system for determining the characteristics of a moving web. More specifically, the invention relates to an optical inspection system using transient thermography to rapidly characterize the heterogeneity of a moving web of cigarette paper containing bands.
- cigarette paper comprising a base web and banded regions of add-on material.
- an exemplary cigarette 7 might contain two bands 5 of material formed by depositing a layer of cellulosic pulp of increased basis weight on base cigarette paper 3.
- Cellulon, microcrystalline cellulose, flax or wood pulp, or amylopectin are some of the various preferred substances which can be used to form the bands.
- bands of add-on material can be formed by modifying a conventional Fourdrinier paper making machine to deposit additional layers of cellulose at some stage in the production of the cigarette base paper 3.
- the bands are preferably applied while the paper is moving at high speeds, such as 500 feet per minute.
- breakdowns and other factors can result in the production of a base web having misplaced bands.
- common anomalies arise when the width of a band deviates from a desired width, or the band becomes skewed so that it is no longer orthogonal with respect to the edge of the paper.
- Other anomalies arise when the separation between two bands deviates from a desired separation width (also called 'band spacing" herein).
- an irregular band applicator may produce a band with gaps or a band having a contrast which is either too high or too low.
- Web inspection devices have been proposed for use in the manufacture of fabrics, film, paper and like material. See, for example, commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 6,013,915. Some of these devices include a light source for projecting electromagnetic radiation on a moving web of material. The light impinges on the surface of the moving web, where it is reflected and received at a detector device.
- Any anomalies in the moving web can be detected by investigating the nature of the reflected radiation. For instance, a tear, pinhole or blemish in the web will manifest itself in a spike in the signal level from the detector (which is attributed to an increase or decrease in reflected radiation). This spike can be viewed by connecting the detector output to an oscilloscope, as exemplified by U.S. Patent
- the present invention provides a method of inspecting an attribute of a web, comprising the steps of moving a web along a path; at a first location along said path, heating across a portion of said web; at a second location along said path spaced from said first location, sensing a thermal characteristic across a portion of said web and generating a signal indicative of said thermal characteristic; and processing said signal in accordance with a known relationship between said signal and said attribute so as to generate an output indicative of said web attribute.
- the web preferably comprises a cigarette paper and more preferably a banded cigarette paper.
- the inspected attribute is a basis weight.
- the heating can be performed using heat lamps, lasers, microwaves, and/or electromagnetic induction or other suitable means and is preferably performed using a broad band pulsed excitation source.
- the heating progresses almost instantaneously throughout the thickness of the web and the sensing is performed using an infrared camera equipped with a suitable detector such as an indium/antimony based detector.
- the heating and the sensing are both operative across an entire transverse portion of the web.
- the present invention also provides an apparatus for inspecting an attribute of a web, comprising a means for moving a web along a path; a means operative to heat across a portion of said web at a first location along said path; a sensor operative to generate a signal responsive to a thermal characteristic across a portion of said web at a second location along said path spaced from said first location; and a processor operative to process said signal in accordance with a known relationship between said signal and an attribute of said web so as to generate an output indicative of said web attribute.
- the web preferably comprises a cigarette paper, and more preferably a banded cigarette paper.
- the attribute is a basis weight and the heating means comprises a broad band pulsed excitation source.
- the heating means comprises heat lamps, lasers, microwaves, and/or electromagnetic induction means.
- the heating means preferably produces heating almost instantaneously throughout the thickness of the web.
- the sensing means is preferably an infrared camera using a suitable detector such as an indium/antimony based detector.
- the heating means and the sensing means are both operative across an entire transverse portion of the web.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary cigarette comprising a base web and banded regions of add-on material.
- FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary machine for producing a web of fibrous material.
- FIG. 3 shows an thermographic inspection system according to the instant invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the inspection geometry
- FIG. 5 illustrates the reduction in contrast as a sample approaches equilibrium.
- FIG. 6 shows transposition of the morphological features associated with inspection of opposite sides of a sample.
- FIG. 7 shows the time dependence of thermal decay for different basis weights.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the decay of the coefficient of variance statistic within the region of interest.
- FIG. 9 shows the dependence of thermal response on bulk basis weight.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the sensitivity of the technique
- FIG. 11 shows SEM micrographs contrasting the morphology of the base paper with that of the band.
- FIG. 12 is a thermal image of a banded paper specimen taken 33 ms after a heating pulse.
- Typical cigarette papers exhibit detectable spatial variations of effective bulk properties. These variations may arise from fiber size distribution, fiber orientation, additives, and detailed microstructure. Paper heterogeneity is typically manifested as a variation in local heat transport within the paper. Analysis of a paper's response to thermal transients provides a basis for the investigation of paper design and variations inherent in the paper manufacturing process. Methods capable of rapidly and nondestructively assessing these variations may provide significant benefits in the development and manufacturing of paper products. Transient thermography is a technique that can afford rapid, on-line, realtime monitoring of paper manufacturing processes. Transient thermography advantageously provides full field data and, significantly, is non-obtrusive; it does not require direct contact with the paper material.
- Thermographic techniques are typically divided into two categories: passive and active.
- Passive thermography is an essentially qualitative technique that relies on the detection of existing thermal gradients generated during typical processing or operating states, for example, heat leakage from buildings, heat generated from friction or other mechanical processes, reaction processes, and ohmic heating.
- Active thermography in contrast, is based on the generation and monitoring of thermal gradients in structures by inducing heating and/or cooling and can therefore be tailored to optimize the desired material property characterization. Excitation may be temporally and/or spatially modulated.
- the local temperature rise has a minimal dependence on heat transport through microstructure. It is possible to access microstructural information, however, by monitoring the in-plane heat transfer, which can be done by spatially modulating the pulsed excitation.
- active thermography produces an enhanced differentiation of structural features by inducing thermal gradients using, for example, heat sources such as heat lamps, lasers, microwaves, and electromagnetic induction.
- thermal gradients can be induced in an already heated object using, for example, convective cooling, quenching with liquid nitrogen, and parasitic conduction.
- the choice of excitation mode is driven by the material characteristics of the sample. For example, microwaves can be used to heat incipient water within a sample. Care must be taken not to exceed temperature thresholds that may damage the host material.
- thermography The essence of quantitative thermography is assessing the interaction between temperature fields and the structure of interest.
- the mathematical formalism for the conduction of heat in solids provides the theoretical basis for understanding these interactions.
- the analytical solution to the equation of continuity for heat conduction in a stationary solid can be used in conjunction with the time resolved thermal data to gain insight into subsurface features of the structure.
- significant transmission of the excitation energy occurs.
- radiant losses have a second order effect.
- Q( ⁇ ) is the absorbed energy, which will generally have a spectral dependence.
- C v is the specific, heat per unit volume, and p is the density. The period over which this adiabatic assumption is valid depends on the boundary conditions of the heat transfer problem and the material properties.
- transient thermography relies first on the ability to access and monitor relevant thermal information, and second on the ability to infer from this information details of morphology and formation mechanisms.
- the development of highly sensitive focal plane array detectors and read-out architecture has increased mfrared imaging speeds.
- advances in computing speed and reduced circuit size have combined to provide the power necessary to perform the near real time data processing necessary for quantitative materials evaluation.
- the method according to the invention utilizes a broad band pulsed excitation source to initiate low-level thermal gradients within the paper.
- the resulting heat flow is then monitored using a high-speed, high sensitivity infrared camera.
- the detailed behavior of the transient temperature field depends on the boundary conditions and the local values of specific heat, thermal conductivity, and density.
- Cigarette papers typically exhibit subtle spatial variations of these bulk properties. These variations may arise from fiber size distribution, fiber orientation, additives, thickness, and moisture content combining to yield a unique microstructure. Analysis of these associated thermal transients provides a basis for the investigation of paper design and variations inherent in the paper manufacturing process.
- the inspection system of the present invention is designed to inspect the characteristics of cigarette paper during its manufacture.
- the inspection station it is useful to first describe exemplary aspects of a cigarette paper manufacturing system.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary machine for producing a web 17 of fibrous material.
- a central tank 53 of refined pulp (such as refined flax or wood pulp) is delivered to a head box 51 by means of a plurality of conduits
- the Fourdrinier wire 49 transports the slurry pulp from the head box 51 in the direction of the arrow 54. At this point, the pulp has a high moisture content. Water is allowed to drain from the slurry, and optionally is also removed by vacuums (not shown). The return loop 48 of the Fourdrinier wire 49 is also shown.
- the band application assembly 99 is located downstream of the headbox
- Assembly 99 generally includes a frame housing an endless perforated steel belt 105, which is guided by drive wheel 27, guide wheel 29, and follower wheel 46.
- the belt 105 consists of orifices 101, which may be of equal or varying size, and which may be equally or variably spaced.
- the bottom of the assembly 99 includes a chamber box 103 containing a reservoir of slurry supplied from tank 14 via conduits 15. The flow of slurry through conduits 15 is maintained at appropriate levels by a flow distribution system comprising a series of pumps in conjunction with a pressure monitoring system 16. Slurry is dispensed through the perforations 101 in the endless steel belt
- the belt is moving as the slurry is dispensed, thereby compensating for the motion of the web moving beneath the chamber box.
- the belt is moved at a rate of 1000 feet per minute to compensate for a Fourdrinier wire moving at a rate of 500 feet per minute.
- the chamber box applies the bands 34 so that they are orthogonal to the edges of the web 17. If the bands are not completely orthogonal, the angle of the band application assembly 99 can be adjusted. Alternatively, a non-orthogonal application of bands may be desired.
- the band application assembly 99 is preferably situated obliquely across the Fourdrinier wire 49 at a location where the condition of the web 17 is such that it can accept the add-on material without the add-on material dispersing itself too thinly throughout the local mass of the base web slurry.
- a vacuum box 38 is located coextensively beneath the chamber box 103 of the band application assembly 99 so as to provide local support for the Fourdrinier wire 49 and facilitate the bonding/integration of the add-on slurry with the base web 17.
- the vacuum box 19 is operated at a relatively modest vacuum level, such as about 60 inches of water or less.
- the banded paper then passes through one or more press rollers 24 which squeeze as much water out of the paper as possible through mechanical pressure.
- the remaining water can then be evaporated out of the paper by passing the paper over the surface of one or more drying rollers 20.
- These moisture removal techniques are conventional in the art.
- those skilled in the art will appreciate that other moisture-removal techniques can be used to replace or supplement the above-identified techniques, such as the conventional use of a felt web to remove moisture from the paper.
- the inspection station of the present invention is positioned downstream from the drying rolls 20, just before the paper is wound on the final paper reel 32. More specifically, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
- the inspection station is positioned over the roller 30, which follows roller 31, at a position denoted by the line A-A.
- Roller 30 can be a stationary stainless steel tube having a diameter of six inches.
- the inspection station can be placed at a variety of locations downstream of the band application assembly 99, or more than one inspection station can be employed to inspect the paper web.
- an exemplary thermographic inspection station 300 is operative upon the web 17 at a location 300a preferably downstream of the drying rolls 20 or in the alternative, at another location 300a' along the web 17, upstream of the drying rolls 20.
- the thermographic inspection station 300 preferably comprises a source of radiation 310 adjacent the web 17 at or about the location 300a, a sensor 320 at a location along the web 17 downstream of the source 310 and a controller 330 in operative communication with the sensor 320 and the source 310 so that the output signal of the sensor 320 is received and processed by the controller 330.
- the source 310 and the sensor 320 are constructed in accordance with the above teachings and preferably are both operative across an entire transverse portion of the web 17 as it passes through the location 300a.
- the controller 330 is programmed or otherwise arranged to include a look-up table 340 or other form of database or algorithm embodying a relationship of a signal obtained from the sensor 320 to a basis weight of the web
- the controller 330 could reference a look-up table 340 embodying the relationship of sensor signal to changes in web basis weight for a given time (t) such as shown in Fig. 9.
- the output of the controller 350 is communicated to a monitor 360 and/or control units 370 and 380.
- Control unit 370 is programmed or otherwise arranged to adjust operation of the band application assembly 99 responsively to the measure of basis weight at banded regions of the web 17 by the inspection station 300, while control unit 380 is programmed or otherwise arranged to control production of the web 17 of fibrous material.
- Thermographic inspection station control unit 330, band application assembly control unit 370, and web production control unit 380 can be operated synergistically to monitor, characterize, and control the heterogeneity of a moving web of cigarette paper containing bands according to the present invention.
- the thermal output of the source 310 is to be selected such that the heat progresses almost instantaneously throughout the depth (thickness) of the web, such that the transient thermal effect produced by the source 310 manifests essentially along the plane of the web 17 as the web progresses toward the sensor 320, with only minimal or essentially no confounding effects from variants attributable to the web thickness.
- Paper specimens were cut into rectangular samples measuring approximately 30 mm by 50 mm, and were then suspended in an aluminum frame that contacted the samples along their edge.
- the frame was capable of holding six samples.
- the surface of the frame was coated with a flat black paint that approximated a black body spectral response.
- the technique utilized a broad band pulsed excitation generated by two
- Balcar ® flash lamps The lamps provided a heat pulse lasting approximately 10 ⁇ s. Peak surface temperatures were estimated to be less than 30 °C above ambient with no indication of permanent changes in the paper. The resulting low level thermal gradients within the paper were monitored using a Raytheon Radiance HS ® infrared camera situated on the same side of the specimens as the paper.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the inspection geometry showing the specimen holder surface 400 normal to the optical axis of the camera 410, a pair of flash lamps 420, and a data acquisition and synchronization unit 430.
- the Radiance HS ® camera contains a 256 x 256 indium/antimony (InSb) focal plane array and has the capability of detecting equivalent black body temperature differentials as low as 0.025 mK.
- a 25 mm lens was used in combination with a camera-to-sample distance which provided a field of view approximately 10 cm x 10 cm. This arrangement was chosen so that the full width of the specimen holder was in the field of view of the camera.
- InSb detector technology was chosen for several reasons.
- the InSb detector has a high quantum efficiency, greater then 85% .
- the readout electronics of the InSb camera provided "snap shot" data acquisition. This capability allows all 66,536 CCD detectors to be integrated over the same time period. The combination of high efficiency, simultaneous detector integration, and 12-bit digital output provided the required spatial resolution and fast response required. Samples were typically inspected using a 120 Hz frame rate.
- a preliminary set of specimens was used to configure the instrumentation and identify the sensitivity of the technique to detect subtle features in cigarette paper.
- the thermal diffusivity for the paper samples was not available.
- the thermal diffusion time was estimated, however, a using a typical thermal diffusivity of 0.003 cm 2 /s from other cellulose fiber materials.
- Using a typical paper thickness of 0.045 mm yields a thermal transient time on the order of 1 ms. Thermal gradients normal to the surface of the paper diffuse very rapidly and are not expected to be observed using the current technique.
- FIG. 5(a) is an image of a specimen obtained 33 ms after the excitation pulse.
- the gray scale level is indicative of the relative surface temperature of the paper.
- the unique mass distribution is clearly indicated by the differential heating of the sample.
- FIG. 5(b) is the same specimen 492 ms after the flash. It is clear that much of the morphological details have been lost. In addition, heat loss to the specimen frame is indicated by the steep gradient along the edge of the specimen. Even though the sample temperature is above ambient several seconds after the flash, little detail remains. This suggests that the observed details are not surface dependent but an indication of the material distribution within the volume of the paper.
- FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) compare the result. Note that the morphological features transpose indicating that the observed heterogeneity is present within the volume of the sample. The sample was rotated about the x- axis.
- a second group of specimens was used to quantitatively characterize papers wherein the permeability was modified by varying the addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and fiber refinement.
- the manufacturing data for these materials are shown in Table 1.
- the characterization of a homogeneous paper design provided a basis for interpreting results obtained for banded paper.
- Table 1 sets forth data regarding cigarette papers with range of permeability and basis weight.
- the variation in the weight is indicated as the upper and lower control limit of the process.
- the variation in the permeability is indicated as the standard deviation of samples taken within the region of the evaluated specimens.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the average thermal decay within an ROI. Although the statistical capability of the method was not rigorously evaluated, the rank order of the curves is consistent with that expected from equation 1. The lowest basis weight paper exhibited the highest initial temperature while the highest mass sample exhibited the least heating. The spatially averaged signal reflects the average basis weight of a particular sample type and reinforces the interpretation that the detailed inter-sample morphology is due to local mass variation.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the decay of the coefficient of variance (CON) statistic within the ROI.
- the CON is one measure of the contrast within the image and provides a quantified result of the loss of detail illustrated by FIG. 5(b). Physically, the decay of the CON reflects in-plane heat transfer within the paper. The equilibration of different density regions reduces the variation in the image.
- FIG. 9 shows the dependence of thermal response on bulk basis weight. It is clear, with reference to Table 1, that basis weight is correlated with permeability. The increase in mass results in a higher heat capacity and a lower temperature.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the sensitivity of the technique and is derived from extracting the slope from FIG. 9 at each time. The sensitivity is greatest at early times.
- the bands are formed by depositing highly refined flax fibers on the surface of standard cigarette paper while the base paper is still wet. This allows sufficient mobility of the band fibers to migrate into the base paper. The result is a combination of mechanical and hydrogen bonding of the two layers into a single structure.
- the final paper may have fairly high permeability associated with the base material (e.g. 45 CU) and a much lower permeability (e.g. 10 CU) in the banded area.
- FIG. 11 shows SEM micrographs contrasting the morphology of the base paper with that of the band.
- FIG. 11(a) is a cross sectional view. The enhanced density of the band is clearly seen on the left.
- FIG. 11(b) is a top view. The lower density associated with the longer fiber lengths of the base paper (right) are easily distinguishable from the denser band.
- FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b) illustrate the increased density associated with the highly refined fibers in the band.
- FIG. 12 is a thermal image of a banded paper specimen taken 33 ms after a heating pulse.
- the distribution of band mass is clearly visible as a dark rectangle at the bottom of the image.
- the continuity in the morphology of the base paper is also illustrated.
- the image provides a map of the mass distribution within the specimen. Note that while this mass influence is consistent with the results illustrated in FIG. 9, the result is contrary to that which one would expect by extrapolating the correlation of basis weight with permeability (i.e. a lower permeability yielding a lower signal).
- the difference can be attributed to the differences in microstructures.
- the minor variation in base paper basis weight was achieved by varying CaCO 3 and possibly fiber distribution. These manufacturing parameters slightly modify the microstructure controlling the airflow paths and permeability.
- the bands were formed using fibers much shorter than the base material. The result is a much denser paper with significantly different microstructures. Thus in the latter case, mass increase is accompanied by a decrease in permeability.
- the present invention has been described in the context of detecting bands located on cigarette paper.
- the present invention can be used to detect bands on other papers, including papers prepared for security purposes, such as paper currency, stock certificates, bearer negotiable bonds, etc.
- the invention demonstrates the rapid evaluation of the in-plane mass distribution in cigarette papers. Analysis of the associated thermal response allows for the characterization of the subtle variations inherent in the paper manufacturing process.
- the described heating technique may reflect the distribution of permeability within a specimen.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002213235A AU2002213235A1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Thermographic inspection system |
EP01981604A EP1334351A1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Thermographic inspection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24006200P | 2000-10-16 | 2000-10-16 | |
US60/240,062 | 2000-10-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002044700A1 true WO2002044700A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
Family
ID=22904959
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/032191 WO2002044700A1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Thermographic inspection system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1334351A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002213235A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ20031288A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002044700A1 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1029014C2 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-14 | Ledden Infra B V Van | Inspection device for e.g. freshly laid asphalt concrete layer, comprises passive thermographic device connected to image analysis device |
US7600518B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2009-10-13 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smoking articles and wrapping materials therefor |
WO2010009918A1 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for scanning induction thermography having a flexible movement path |
US7677256B2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2010-03-16 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Wrapping materials for smoking articles |
EP2172119A1 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2010-04-07 | R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company | Wrapping materials for smoking articles |
US7775217B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2010-08-17 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Methods and apparatus for manufacturing cigarettes |
EP2245948A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2010-11-03 | R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company | Wrapping material for cigarettes |
WO2012056568A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Inspection system for coated paper |
DE102014225775A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Method and device for testing a correct adhesive application |
CN109164135A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-08 | 青岛颐中科技有限公司 | Electric heating low temperature cigarette comprehensive analysis experimental provision |
EP3474005A3 (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-05-01 | The Boeing Company | Moisture detection system |
RU2700360C2 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2019-09-16 | Сикора Аг | Filament temperature determining method |
CN110239788A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-17 | 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 | The setting method of cigarette packet cellophane paper hot sealing process parameter |
US10656081B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2020-05-19 | The Boeing Company | Synchronized phased array and infrared detector system for moisture detection |
WO2021152459A1 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-05 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method and apparatus for inspection of paper bobbins |
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US3792271A (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1974-02-12 | Asea Ab | Means for determining moisture content and/or surface weight |
US4840706A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1989-06-20 | The Wiggins Teape Group Limited | Method and apparatus for measuring water content |
US5823677A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1998-10-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of Western Michigan | Method of identifying a substance by infrared imaging |
-
2001
- 2001-10-16 CZ CZ20031288A patent/CZ20031288A3/en unknown
- 2001-10-16 EP EP01981604A patent/EP1334351A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-16 AU AU2002213235A patent/AU2002213235A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-16 WO PCT/US2001/032191 patent/WO2002044700A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
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US3792271A (en) * | 1972-06-30 | 1974-02-12 | Asea Ab | Means for determining moisture content and/or surface weight |
US4840706A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1989-06-20 | The Wiggins Teape Group Limited | Method and apparatus for measuring water content |
US5823677A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1998-10-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of Western Michigan | Method of identifying a substance by infrared imaging |
US6062726A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 2000-05-16 | The Board Of Trustees Western Michigan University | Method of identifying a substance by infrared imaging |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7677256B2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2010-03-16 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Wrapping materials for smoking articles |
EP2172119A1 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2010-04-07 | R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company | Wrapping materials for smoking articles |
EP2245948A1 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2010-11-03 | R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company | Wrapping material for cigarettes |
US7775217B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2010-08-17 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Methods and apparatus for manufacturing cigarettes |
US7600518B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2009-10-13 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smoking articles and wrapping materials therefor |
NL1029014C2 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-14 | Ledden Infra B V Van | Inspection device for e.g. freshly laid asphalt concrete layer, comprises passive thermographic device connected to image analysis device |
WO2010009918A1 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for scanning induction thermography having a flexible movement path |
WO2012056568A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Inspection system for coated paper |
US8896826B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2014-11-25 | Japan Tobacco Inc. | Inspection system for coated paper |
DE102014225775B4 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2018-12-06 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Method and device for testing a correct adhesive application |
DE102014225775A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Method and device for testing a correct adhesive application |
RU2700360C2 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2019-09-16 | Сикора Аг | Filament temperature determining method |
EP3474005A3 (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-05-01 | The Boeing Company | Moisture detection system |
US10422742B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2019-09-24 | The Boeing Company | Moisture detection system |
US10656081B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2020-05-19 | The Boeing Company | Synchronized phased array and infrared detector system for moisture detection |
CN109164135A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-08 | 青岛颐中科技有限公司 | Electric heating low temperature cigarette comprehensive analysis experimental provision |
CN110239788A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-17 | 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 | The setting method of cigarette packet cellophane paper hot sealing process parameter |
CN110239788B (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2021-06-29 | 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for setting heat-sealing technological parameters of transparent paper for cigarette packets |
WO2021152459A1 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-05 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method and apparatus for inspection of paper bobbins |
US11397175B2 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2022-07-26 | RJ. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method and apparatus for the inspection of a paper web wound on a bobbin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1334351A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
CZ20031288A3 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
AU2002213235A1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
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