WO2002039019A1 - Combustion chamber inlay for environmentally friendly combustion of fuels with a high contaminant content in combustion devices which use heat - Google Patents

Combustion chamber inlay for environmentally friendly combustion of fuels with a high contaminant content in combustion devices which use heat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002039019A1
WO2002039019A1 PCT/HU2001/000108 HU0100108W WO0239019A1 WO 2002039019 A1 WO2002039019 A1 WO 2002039019A1 HU 0100108 W HU0100108 W HU 0100108W WO 0239019 A1 WO0239019 A1 WO 0239019A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
insert
combustion
ceramic
elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU2001/000108
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ferenc Morvai
Original Assignee
MÉSZÁROS, Gábor
SIMONY, Zoltán
BAJNÓCZY, Gábor
PÁNCZÉL, Géza
DÉVÉNYI, Ferenc
VÉGH, György
ALBERT, János
Pichovszky, Antal
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Application filed by MÉSZÁROS, Gábor, SIMONY, Zoltán, BAJNÓCZY, Gábor, PÁNCZÉL, Géza, DÉVÉNYI, Ferenc, VÉGH, György, ALBERT, János, Pichovszky, Antal filed Critical MÉSZÁROS, Gábor
Priority to AU2002223917A priority Critical patent/AU2002223917A1/en
Publication of WO2002039019A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002039019A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/05—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste oils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion chamber insert for the environmentally friendly combustion of fuels containing high levels of pollutants, in particular waste oil or pakura, in heat-using nerburning devices, for example hot water or steam boilers, which combustion chamber insert forms an internal combustion unit which is arranged inside the combustion chamber and has a jacket composed of partial elements made of ceramic material.
  • the kilns are usually designed as rotary kilns provided with a burner device suitable for introducing thermal energy.
  • a gas scrubber which is used to clean the resulting gaseous combustion products (flue gases) with the aim of complying with the applicable emission regulations.
  • the Hungarian patent specification ⁇ r. 206 148 proposed an afterburning reactor.
  • This reactor forms a vertical in the combustion chamber Connected afterburning chamber with a reactor body made of ceramic material which ends in a dome-shaped outlet and has a cylindrical shell construction, the interior of which is divided in two by a turbulence-causing baffle cone and which is eccentrically surrounded by an outer reactor jacket, with the afterburning and the neutralization of the oxides resulting from heat treatment Sulfur and the nitrogen between the outer reactor jacket and the reactor body preheated secondary air is introduced.
  • the vertical arrangement of the reactor aims to collect the solid and liquid pollutants by gravity.
  • a reactor constructed and arranged in this way cannot be installed in the conventional boiler or combustion devices which have been converted to waste incineration.
  • a horizontal version of the reactor presented here is also known, which has a reactor body of cylindrical ceramic shell construction arranged in the length of the combustion chamber, the interior of which is divided in two by a cone fastened with supports.
  • a reactor of this construction if it is dimensioned too small, cannot withstand the operational heat load of the respective boiler, however, due to the closed shell construction, the required heat transfer is not guaranteed near the wall of the combustion chamber, and at the same time the temperature of the escaping flue gases is significantly higher , which worsens the efficiency of the boiler, so that it cannot provide the nominal amount of heat when the original output (amount of oil) is fed in.
  • a further developed variant of the cylindrical reactor consists of drum-shaped modules, each of which contains a plurality of segments in the form of a circular ring section, which are held together by connecting elements.
  • the object of the invention was to provide a combustion chamber insert for the afterburning, which, in the combustion chamber of a heat-utilizing combustion device, also an already existing combustion device, while ensuring the required efficiency and the required performance of the combustion device, the complete combustion the highly pollutant-containing hydrocarbons and at the same time enables the binding of the heavy metal ions present in the combustion products and, if necessary, also partially - can be easily remediated.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the combustion chamber insert must be arranged in such a way that it does not hinder the transfer of heat to the heating surfaces, and at the same time is constructed in such a way that appropriate turbulence and surface are ensured for the separation of the heavy metals and heavy metal compounds in the combustion products, and its parts loaded with these substances can be replaced.
  • the combustion chamber insert consists of a series of openwork ceramic insert elements, which are formed as a square flat plates and are made of ceramic, which form a jacket with a polygonal cross-section, consisting of a series of frame structures which are fastened next to one another with gaps in a heat-resistant material, and this combustion chamber insert in the rear 40-50% of the length of the combustion chamber, from the wall of the combustion chamber by 2-10% of its diameter.
  • the polygonal shape of the combustion chamber insert extends from the hexagon to the octagon.
  • the perforations in the insert elements which consist of ceramic material that is heat-resistant to the flame temperature over the long term, can be designed both as a lattice structure and as a perforation.
  • the diameter of the holes is one to ten times the thickness of the insert element, and the material thickness between the holes corresponds to 1-3 times the thickness of the ceramic insert elements, which in turn accounts for 0.05% to 0.5% of the combustion chamber diameter.
  • the ceramic insert elements are expediently of square or rectangular shape and dimensioned so that they divide the scope of the combustion chamber insert into six to eighteen parts. Insert elements designed in this way can be easily replaced and are self-holding even in the glowing state.
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section of the combustion chamber insert according to the invention arranged in the combustion chamber and suitable for afterburning along the line A-A of FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows the section along the line B-B of Fig. 2
  • Fig. 4 shows the section along the line C-C of Fig. 3, which illustrates the edging of the ceramic insert elements of the combustion chamber insert in the frame construction.
  • a combustion device 1 converted to the combustion of highly pollutant-containing substances, in the present case waste oil, has a steam boiler in the present case, which has a combustion chamber 3 surrounded by a steam boiler train 2 that receives the heating surfaces, in the front part of the combustion chamber 3 a burner head 4 which is surrounded by the original burner block of the device.
  • a combustion chamber insert 5 is arranged at a distance from the wall of the combustion chamber 3 corresponding to 2-10% of the combustion chamber diameter , which forms a polygonal jacket consisting of a series of insert elements 6 made of ceramic, which are formed as rectangular plates in the present case, square plates, in the present case ninety-sided cross section, the insert elements 6 in a frame construction 7 made of heat-resistant material, in the present case of heat-resistant steel are interchangeably attached next to each other with at least the gaps corresponding to the thickness of the insert elements 6 with the aid of holders 8.
  • the thickness of the ceramic insert elements 6 is 0.05% to 0.5% of the combustion chamber diameter.
  • the insert elements 6 divide the scope of the combustion chamber insert into six to. eighteen parts; they are provided with a perforation 9, possibly made like a grid.
  • the diameter of the holes in the perforation 9 is 1-10 times the thickness of the insert elements 6, and the material thickness between the individual holes corresponds to one to three times the thickness of the insert element 6.
  • the material of the insert elements 6 is heat-resistant ceramic, which can withstand the temperature required for afterburning without significant deformation.
  • the entirety of the ceramic insert elements 6 fastened to the frame construction 7 forms a shell of polygonal cross section, which, with its directional breaks for the combustion products, ensures sufficient turbulence, as a result of which the gases do not simply flow straight through the combustion chamber insert 5, but now and then forth and through the perforation 9, whereby on the one hand there is sufficient heat transfer through the wall of the combustion chamber 3 and on the other hand the combustion products can pass their heavy metal content to the insert elements 6 when passing through the openings in the insert elements 6.
  • the polygonal cross-section formed by the insert elements 6 has a nine-cornered cross-section in the case under consideration, but this depends on the dimensions of the respective combustion chamber 3, the jacket can be any, appropriately chosen from the hexagon to the octagon Cross section.
  • the solution according to the invention enables the desired post-combustion temperature to be reached as quickly as possible when the burner head is started up again. This enables perfect combustion of the highly polluting hydrocarbons with minimal emission of NO x and SO x . At the same time, the binding of the heavy metals and heavy metal compounds in the combustion products, is guaranteed.
  • combustion chamber according to the invention was explained with reference to a specific example relating to the combustion of waste oil, but the use of the combustion chamber according to the invention can also be used for burning Pakura with appropriate adaptation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustion chamber inlay for environmentally friendly combustion of fuels with a high contaminant content, especially used oil or pakura, in combustion devices which use heat. Said combustion chamber fitting forms a post-combustion unit which is located inside the combustion chamber and which has a casing which is made up of sub-elements consisting of a ceramic material. The invention is characterised in that the combustion chamber inlay (5) consists of a sequence of openworked, ceramic inlay elements (6) which are configured in the form of flat, four-cornered panels and which are fixed next to each other with intermediate spaces, in a frame construction (7) consisting of a heat-resistant material. Together, the inlay elements form a casing with a four-cornered cross-section. The inventive combustion chamber inlay (5) is located in the rear 40-50 % of the length of the combustion chamber (3), at a distance from the wall of the combustion chamber (3) of 2-10 % of its diameter.

Description

BRENNRAUMEINSATZ ZUM UMWELTFREUNDLICHEN VERBRENNEN VON COMBUSTION IN THE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY COMBUSTION OF
HOCHSCHADSTOFFHALTIGEN BRENNSTOFFEN IN WARMENUTZENDENHIGH POLLUTANT FUELS IN WARM USERS
VERBRENNUNGSVORRICHTUNGENBURNING DEVICES
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brennraumeinsatz zum umweltfreundlichen Verbrennen von hochschadstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen, insbesondere Altöl oder Pakura, in wärmenutzenden Nerbrennungsvorrichtungen, zum Beispiel Warmwasser- oder Dampfkesseln, welcher Brennraumeinsatz eine im Inneren des Brennraumes angeordnete, einen aus Teilelementen aus keramischem Material zusammengesetzten Mantel aufweisende Νachverbrennungseinheit bildet.The invention relates to a combustion chamber insert for the environmentally friendly combustion of fuels containing high levels of pollutants, in particular waste oil or pakura, in heat-using nerburning devices, for example hot water or steam boilers, which combustion chamber insert forms an internal combustion unit which is arranged inside the combustion chamber and has a jacket composed of partial elements made of ceramic material.
Die zur Entsorgung von gefährlichen Abfallmaterialien geschaffenen technologischen Vorrichtungen dienen im Allgemeinen der Vernichtung dieser Abfälle durch Verbrennen. Dementsprechend weisen diese Vorrichtungen folgende Hauptkonstruktionseinheiten auf: ■ The technological devices created for the disposal of hazardous waste materials generally serve to destroy this waste by incineration. Accordingly, these devices have the following main construction units : ■
- Einen Brennofen, in dem die zu entsorgenden Stoffe auf eine entsprechende Temperatur erhitzt werden. Die Brennöfen sind meistens als mit einer zum Einbringen von Wärmeenergie geeigneten Brennervorrichtung versehene Drehrohröfen ausgeführt.- A kiln in which the materials to be disposed of are heated to an appropriate temperature. The kilns are usually designed as rotary kilns provided with a burner device suitable for introducing thermal energy.
- Eine Νachbrennkammer, in der die Verbrennungsprodukte, damit die Wärmedegradation (Zersetzung durch Wärme) vollständig abläuft, bei der erforderlichen Temperatur eine erforderliche Verweilzeit verbringen.- A post-combustion chamber in which the combustion products spend the required dwell time at the required temperature so that the thermal degradation (decomposition by heat) takes place completely.
- Eine Gaswäsche, die zum Reinigen der entstandenen gasförmigen Verbrennungsprodukte (Rauchgase) dient mit dem Ziel, die geltenden Emissionsvorschriften einzuhalten.- A gas scrubber, which is used to clean the resulting gaseous combustion products (flue gases) with the aim of complying with the applicable emission regulations.
- Zum Entsorgen oder Lagern der entstandenen Verbrennungsprodukte dienende Vorrichtungen.- Devices used to dispose of or store the resulting combustion products.
Im Fall von Altöl bestand die allgemeine Praxis bisher darin, das Altöl in den oben erwähnten Vorrichtungen - unter Einhaltung der diesbezüglichen Umweltschutzvorschriften - zu verbrennen.In the case of waste oil, the general practice up to now has been to burn the waste oil in the devices mentioned above, in compliance with the relevant environmental protection regulations.
Zur Verminderung des Stickstoff- und Schwefeloxydgehaltes der in den Altöl oder sonstige hochschadstoffhaltige Brennstoffe oder Abfälle unter Wärmenutzung entsorgenden Abfallverbrennungsanlagen enstehenden gasförmigen Verbrennungsprodukte wurde in der ungarischen Patentschrift Νr. 206 148 ein Νachverbrennungs- reaktor vorgeschlagen. Dieser Reaktor bildet eine senkrecht in den Brennraum angeschlossene Nachbrennkammer mit einem in einem kuppelförmigen Ausgang endenden, eine zylindrische Schälenkonstruktion aufweisenden Reaktorkörper aus keramischem Material, dessen Innenraum durch einen Turbulenzen auslösenden Staukegel zweigeteilt ist und der exzentrisch von einem äußeren Reaktormantel umgeben ist, wobei zur Nachverbrennung und zur durch Wärmebehandlung erfolgenden Neutralisierung der Oxyde des Schwefels und des Stickstoffes zwischen dem äußeren Reaktormantel und dem Reaktorkörper vorgewärmte Sekundärluft eingeleitet wird. Die senkrechte Anordnung des Reaktors bezweckt das Sammeln der festen und flüssigen Schadstoffe durch Gravitation. Abgesehen davon, daß der tatsächliche Ablauf der in der Patentschrift angenommenen schadstoffneutralisierenden Prozesse in dem vorgeschlagenen Reaktor recht fraglich und unsicher ist, kann ein derart aufgebauter und angeordneter Reaktor nicht in die auf Abfallverbrennung umgestellten herkömmlichen, Hegend angeordneten Kessel bzw. Verbrennungsvorrichtungen eingebaut werden.In order to reduce the nitrogen and sulfur oxide content of the gaseous combustion products generated in the waste oil or other high-pollutant fuels or wastes using waste incineration plants that use heat, the Hungarian patent specification Νr. 206 148 proposed an afterburning reactor. This reactor forms a vertical in the combustion chamber Connected afterburning chamber with a reactor body made of ceramic material which ends in a dome-shaped outlet and has a cylindrical shell construction, the interior of which is divided in two by a turbulence-causing baffle cone and which is eccentrically surrounded by an outer reactor jacket, with the afterburning and the neutralization of the oxides resulting from heat treatment Sulfur and the nitrogen between the outer reactor jacket and the reactor body preheated secondary air is introduced. The vertical arrangement of the reactor aims to collect the solid and liquid pollutants by gravity. In addition to the fact that the actual sequence of the pollutant-neutralizing processes assumed in the patent is rather questionable and uncertain in the proposed reactor, a reactor constructed and arranged in this way cannot be installed in the conventional boiler or combustion devices which have been converted to waste incineration.
Von dem hier vorgestellten Reaktor ist auch eine Variante in waagerechter Ausführung bekannt, die einen in der Länge des Brennraumes angeordneten Reaktorkörper zylindrischer Schalenkonstruktion aus Keramik aufweist, dessen Innenraum durch einen mit Stützen befestigten Staukegel zweigeteilt ist. Ein Reaktor dieses Aufbaus, wenn er zu klein dimensioniert ist, hält die betriebsmäßige Wärmebelastung des jeweiligen Kessels nicht aus, in der Nähe der Wand des Brennraumes ist jedoch infolge der geschlossenen Schalenkonstruktion die erforderliche Wärmeübergabe nicht gewährleistet, gleichzeitig hegt die Temperatur der entweichenden Rauchgase bedeutend höher, was den Wirkungsgrad des Kessels verschlechtert, so daß dieser bei Einspeisung der ursprünglichen Leistung (Ölmenge) die Nennwärmemenge nicht erbringen kann. Dem wird auch dadurch nicht abgeholfen, daß eine weiterentwickelte Variante des zylindrischen Reaktors aus trommelformigen Modulen besteht, von denen jedes mehrere Segmente von der Form eines Kreisringabschnittes enthält, die durch Verbindungselemente zusammengehalten werden.A horizontal version of the reactor presented here is also known, which has a reactor body of cylindrical ceramic shell construction arranged in the length of the combustion chamber, the interior of which is divided in two by a cone fastened with supports. A reactor of this construction, if it is dimensioned too small, cannot withstand the operational heat load of the respective boiler, however, due to the closed shell construction, the required heat transfer is not guaranteed near the wall of the combustion chamber, and at the same time the temperature of the escaping flue gases is significantly higher , which worsens the efficiency of the boiler, so that it cannot provide the nominal amount of heat when the original output (amount of oil) is fed in. This is not remedied by the fact that a further developed variant of the cylindrical reactor consists of drum-shaped modules, each of which contains a plurality of segments in the form of a circular ring section, which are held together by connecting elements.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war die Bereitstellung eines Brennraumeinsatzes für die Nachverbrennung, der, in den Brennraum einer wärmenutzenden Verbrennungsvorrichtung, auch einer bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsvorrichtung eingebaut, bei Gewährleistung des erforderlichen Wirkungsgrades und der erforderlichen Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung die vollkommene Verbrennung der hochschadstoffhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffe und gleichzeitig die Bindung der in den Verbrennungsprodukten vorhandenen Schwermetallionen ermöglicht und dabei erforderlichenfalls auch partiell - leicht saniert werden kann.The object of the invention was to provide a combustion chamber insert for the afterburning, which, in the combustion chamber of a heat-utilizing combustion device, also an already existing combustion device, while ensuring the required efficiency and the required performance of the combustion device, the complete combustion the highly pollutant-containing hydrocarbons and at the same time enables the binding of the heavy metal ions present in the combustion products and, if necessary, also partially - can be easily remediated.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß der Brennraumeinsatz so angeordnet werden muß, daß er die Wärmeübergabe an die Heizflächen nicht hindert, und gleichzeitig so aufgebaut ist, daß entsprechende Turbulenz und Oberfläche für die Abscheidung der in den Verbrennungsprodukten befindlichen Schwermetalle und Schwermetallverbindungen gesichert sind, und seine mit diesen Stoffen beladenen Teile ausgewechselt werden können.The invention is based on the knowledge that the combustion chamber insert must be arranged in such a way that it does not hinder the transfer of heat to the heating surfaces, and at the same time is constructed in such a way that appropriate turbulence and surface are ensured for the separation of the heavy metals and heavy metal compounds in the combustion products, and its parts loaded with these substances can be replaced.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wurde erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Brennraumeinsatz aus einer Reihe von in einer aus hitzebeständigem Material bestehenden Rahmenkonstruktion nebeneinander mit Zwischenräumen befestigten, als viereckige ebene Platten ausgebildeten, durchbrochenen Einsatzelementen aus Keramik besteht, die einen Mantel vieleckigen Querschnittes bilden, und dieser Brennraumeinsatz in den hinteren 40-50 % der Länge des Brennraumes, von der Wand des Brennraumes um 2-10 % von dessen Durchmesser entfernt angeordnet ist.The object was achieved according to the invention in that the combustion chamber insert consists of a series of openwork ceramic insert elements, which are formed as a square flat plates and are made of ceramic, which form a jacket with a polygonal cross-section, consisting of a series of frame structures which are fastened next to one another with gaps in a heat-resistant material, and this combustion chamber insert in the rear 40-50% of the length of the combustion chamber, from the wall of the combustion chamber by 2-10% of its diameter.
Die vieleckige Gestalt des Brennraumeinsatzes erstreckt sich erfindungsgemäß vom Sechseck bis zum Achtzehneck.According to the invention, the polygonal shape of the combustion chamber insert extends from the hexagon to the octagon.
Die Durchbrechungen der aus gegen die Flammentemperatur langfristig hitzebeständigem Keramikmaterial bestehenden Einsatzelemente können sowohl als Gitterkonstruktion wie auch als Perforation ausgebildet sein. Im Fall von Perforation beträgt der Durchmesser der Löcher das Ein- bis Zehnfache der Dicke des Einsatzelementes, und die Materialstärke zwischen den Löchern entspricht der 1- 3 fachen Dicke der Keramikeinsatzelemente, die ihrerseits 0,05 % bis 0,5 % des Brennraumdurchmessers ausmacht. Die aus Keramik bestehenden Einsatzelemente sind zweckmäßig von quadratischer oder rechteckiger Form und so dimensioniert, daß sie den Umfang des Brennraumeinsatzes in sechs bis achtzehn Teile teilen. Auf diese Weise ausgebildete Einsatzelemente lassen sich leicht auswechseln und sind auch in glühendem Zustand selbsthaltend.The perforations in the insert elements, which consist of ceramic material that is heat-resistant to the flame temperature over the long term, can be designed both as a lattice structure and as a perforation. In the case of perforation, the diameter of the holes is one to ten times the thickness of the insert element, and the material thickness between the holes corresponds to 1-3 times the thickness of the ceramic insert elements, which in turn accounts for 0.05% to 0.5% of the combustion chamber diameter. The ceramic insert elements are expediently of square or rectangular shape and dimensioned so that they divide the scope of the combustion chamber insert into six to eighteen parts. Insert elements designed in this way can be easily replaced and are self-holding even in the glowing state.
Die Erfindung wird an Hand eines Ausfuhrungsbeispieles mit Hilfe der beigefügten Zeichnung ausführlicher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt die Anordnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennraumeinsatzes innerhalb einer Verbrennungsvorrichtung,The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with the aid of the accompanying drawing. Show in the drawing 1 shows in longitudinal section the arrangement of a combustion chamber insert according to the invention within a combustion device,
Fig. 2 den Querschnitt des im Brennraum angeordneten, zur Nachverbrennung geeigneten erfindungsgemäßen Brennraumeinsatzes entlang der Linie A-A von Fig. 1,2 shows the cross section of the combustion chamber insert according to the invention arranged in the combustion chamber and suitable for afterburning along the line A-A of FIG. 1,
Fig. 3 den Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B von Fig. 2, undFig. 3 shows the section along the line B-B of Fig. 2, and
Fig. 4 den Schnitt entlang der Linie C-C von Fig. 3, der die Einfassung der keramischen Einsatzelemente des Brennraumeinsatzes in der Rahmenkonstruktion veranschaulicht.Fig. 4 shows the section along the line C-C of Fig. 3, which illustrates the edging of the ceramic insert elements of the combustion chamber insert in the frame construction.
Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, weist eine auf die Verbrennung von hochschadstoffhaltigen Stoffen, im vorliegenden Fall Altöl, umgestellte Verbrennungsvorrichtung 1, im vorüegenden Fall ein Dampfkessel, der über einen von einem die Heizflächen aufnehmenden Dampfkesselzug 2 umgebenen Brennraum 3 verfügt, im Vorderteil des Brennraumes 3 einen Brennerkopf 4 auf, der von dem ursprünglichen Brennerstein der Vorrichtung umgeben ist. Im hinteren Teil des Brennraumes 3, d. h. in den sich bis zur Umkehrkammer 10 erstreckenden hinteren 40- 50 % der Länge des Brennraumes, ist in einem 2-10 % des Brennraumdurchmessers entsprechenden Abstand von der Wand des Brennraumes 3 ein erfindungsgemäßer Brennraumeinsatz 5 zum Nachverbrennen angeordnet, der einen aus einer Reihe von als rechteckige, im vorüegenden Fall quadratische Platten ausgebüdeten Einsatzelementen 6 aus Keramik bestehenden Mantel vieleckigen, im vorüegenden Fall neuneckigen Querschnittes bildet, wobei die Einsatzelemente 6 in einer aus hitzebeständigem Material, im vorüegenden Fall aus hitzebeständigem Stahl gefertigten Rahmenkonstruktion 7 nebeneinander mit wenigstens der Dicke der Einsatzelemente 6 entsprechenden Zwischenräumen mit Hilfe von Haltern 8 auswechselbar befestigt sind. Abhängend von den Maßen der Verbrennungsvorrichtung 1 beträgt die Dicke der aus Keramik bestehenden Einsatzelemente 6 0,05 % bis 0,5 % des Brennraumdurchmessers. Die Einsatzelemente 6 unterteilen auf diese Weise den Umfang des Brennraumeinsatzes in sechs bis . achtzehn Teile; sie sind mit einer Perforation 9 versehen, eventuell gitterartig ausgeführt. Der Durchmesser der Löcher der Perforation 9 beträgt das l-10fache der Dicke der Einsatzelemente 6, und die Materialdicke zwischen den einzelnen Löchern entspricht dem Ein- bis Dreifachen der Dicke des Einsatzelementes 6. Das Material der Einsatzelemente 6 ist hitzebeständige Keramik, die die zum Nachverbrennen erforderliche Temperatur ohne wesentliche Deformation verträgt.As can be seen from FIG. 1, a combustion device 1 converted to the combustion of highly pollutant-containing substances, in the present case waste oil, has a steam boiler in the present case, which has a combustion chamber 3 surrounded by a steam boiler train 2 that receives the heating surfaces, in the front part of the combustion chamber 3 a burner head 4 which is surrounded by the original burner block of the device. In the rear part of the combustion chamber 3, ie in the rear 40-50% of the length of the combustion chamber extending to the reversing chamber 10, a combustion chamber insert 5 according to the invention for afterburning is arranged at a distance from the wall of the combustion chamber 3 corresponding to 2-10% of the combustion chamber diameter , which forms a polygonal jacket consisting of a series of insert elements 6 made of ceramic, which are formed as rectangular plates in the present case, square plates, in the present case ninety-sided cross section, the insert elements 6 in a frame construction 7 made of heat-resistant material, in the present case of heat-resistant steel are interchangeably attached next to each other with at least the gaps corresponding to the thickness of the insert elements 6 with the aid of holders 8. Depending on the dimensions of the combustion device 1, the thickness of the ceramic insert elements 6 is 0.05% to 0.5% of the combustion chamber diameter. In this way, the insert elements 6 divide the scope of the combustion chamber insert into six to. eighteen parts; they are provided with a perforation 9, possibly made like a grid. The diameter of the holes in the perforation 9 is 1-10 times the thickness of the insert elements 6, and the material thickness between the individual holes corresponds to one to three times the thickness of the insert element 6. The material of the insert elements 6 is heat-resistant ceramic, which can withstand the temperature required for afterburning without significant deformation.
Wie bereits erwähnt, bildet die Gesamtheit der an der Rahmenkonstruktion 7 befestigten Einsatzelemente 6 aus Keramik einen Mantel vieleckigen Querschnittes, der mit seinen Richtungsbrüchen für die Verbrennungsprodukte eine ausreichende Turbulenz gewährleistet, infolge derer die Gase nicht einfach geradlinig durch den Brennraumeinsatz 5 hindurchströmen, sondern hin und her und durch die Perforation 9 hindurch, wodurch einesteils der ausreichende Wärmeübergang durch die Wand des Brennraumes 3 gegeben ist und zum anderen die Verbrennungsprodukte beim Durchgang durch die Durchbrüche der Einsatzelemente 6 ihren Gehalt an Schwermetallen an die Einsatzelemente 6 abgeben können. Aus Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich, daß der von den Einsatzelementen 6 gebildete Mantel vieleckigen Querschnittes im betrachteten Fall einen neuneckigen Querschnitt aufweist, dies hängt jedoch von den Maßen des jeweiligen Brennraumes 3 ab, der Mantel kann vom Sechseck bis zum Achtzehneck jeden beliebigen, zweckmäßig gewählten Querschnitt haben.As already mentioned, the entirety of the ceramic insert elements 6 fastened to the frame construction 7 forms a shell of polygonal cross section, which, with its directional breaks for the combustion products, ensures sufficient turbulence, as a result of which the gases do not simply flow straight through the combustion chamber insert 5, but now and then forth and through the perforation 9, whereby on the one hand there is sufficient heat transfer through the wall of the combustion chamber 3 and on the other hand the combustion products can pass their heavy metal content to the insert elements 6 when passing through the openings in the insert elements 6. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the polygonal cross-section formed by the insert elements 6 has a nine-cornered cross-section in the case under consideration, but this depends on the dimensions of the respective combustion chamber 3, the jacket can be any, appropriately chosen from the hexagon to the octagon Cross section.
Auf den Schnittzeichnungen der Fig. 3 und 4 ist gut zu sehen, daß die aus Keramik bestehenden Einsatzelemente 6 mit Hilfe von mit der Rahmenkonstruktion 7 verbundenen, abmontierbaren Haltern 8 an der Rahmenkonstruktion 7 befestigt sind. Dadurch ist es mögüch, sie auch einzeln auszuwechseln, wenn die Kontroüemissions- messungen ergeben, daß ihre Fähigkeit, Schwermetaüionen zu absorbieren, infolge ihrer Sättigung geringer wird.3 and 4 it can be clearly seen that the ceramic insert elements 6 are fastened to the frame structure 7 with the aid of detachable holders 8 connected to the frame structure 7. This makes it possible to replace them individually if the controemission measurements show that their ability to absorb heavy ions is reduced due to their saturation.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ermöglicht es infolge des beschriebenen Aufbaus, bei einer erneuten Inbetriebnahme des Brennkopfes die gewünschte Nachverbrennungstemperatur so schnell wie möglich zu erreichen. Dadurch wird eine vollkommene Verbrennung der hochschadstoffhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffe bei minimaler Emission von NOx und SOx ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig ist das Binden der in den Verbrennungsprodukten, befmdüchen Schwermetalle und SchwermetaUverbin- dungen gewährleistet.As a result of the structure described, the solution according to the invention enables the desired post-combustion temperature to be reached as quickly as possible when the burner head is started up again. This enables perfect combustion of the highly polluting hydrocarbons with minimal emission of NO x and SO x . At the same time, the binding of the heavy metals and heavy metal compounds in the combustion products, is guaranteed.
Der erfindungsgemäße Brennraumeinsatz wurde an Hand eines die Verbrennung von Altöl betreffenden konkreten Beispiels erläutert, jedoch kann der erfindungsgemäße Brennraumeinsatz bei entsprechender Adaption auch zum Verbrennen von Pakura angewendet werden. The use of the combustion chamber according to the invention was explained with reference to a specific example relating to the combustion of waste oil, but the use of the combustion chamber according to the invention can also be used for burning Pakura with appropriate adaptation.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Brennraumeinsatz zum umweltfreundlichen Verbrennen von hochschadstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen, insbesondere Altöl oder Pakura, in wärmenutzenden Verbrennungsvorrichtungen, welcher Brennraumeinsatz eine im Inneren des Brennraumes angeordnete, einen aus Teilelementen aus keramischem Material zusammengesetzten Mantel aufweisende Nachverbrennungseinheit bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennraumeinsatz (5) aus einer Reihe von in einer aus hitzebeständigem Material bestehenden Rahmenkonstruktion (7) nebeneinander mit Zwischenräumen befestigten, als viereckige ebene Platten ausgebildeten, durchbrochenen Einsatzelementen (6) aus Keramik besteht, die in ihrer Gesamtheit einen Mantel vieleckigen Querschnittes bilden, und dieser Brennraumeinsatz (5) in den hinteren 40-50 % der Länge des Brennraumes (3), von der Wand des Brennraumes (3) um 2-10 % von dessen Durchmesser entfernt angeordnet ist.1. Combustion chamber insert for the environmentally friendly combustion of fuels containing high levels of pollutants, in particular waste oil or Pakura, in heat-utilizing combustion devices, which combustion chamber insert forms an afterburning unit arranged inside the combustion chamber and having a jacket composed of partial elements made of ceramic material, characterized in that the combustion chamber insert (5) consists of a series of perforated insert elements (6) made of ceramic, which in their entirety form a shell of polygonal cross-section, consists of a frame construction (7) which is fastened next to one another with gaps and is formed as a flat planar plates and which forms a shell of polygonal cross section, and this combustion chamber insert (5) in the rear 40-50% of the length of the combustion chamber (3), from the wall of the combustion chamber (3) by 2-10% of its diameter is arranged.
2. Brennraumeinsatz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vieleckige Querschnitt des Brennraumeinsatzes (5) eine Form vom Sechseck bis zum Achtzehneck haben kann.2. combustion chamber insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the polygonal cross section of the combustion chamber insert (5) can have a shape from the hexagon to the octagon.
3. Brennraumeinsatz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchbrüche der aus Keramik bestehenden Einsatzelemente (6) als Perforation (9) ausgebildet sind.3. combustion chamber insert according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the openings of the ceramic insert elements (6) are designed as perforations (9).
4. Brennraumeinsatz nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser der Löcher der Perforation (9) das l-10fache der Dicke des Einsatzelementes (6) beträgt, während die Materialstärke zwischen den Löchern dem 1-3 fachen der Dicke des Einsatzelementes (6) entspricht, die ihrerseits 0,05 % bis 0,5 % des Brennraumdurchmessers ausmacht.4. combustion chamber insert according to claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of the holes of the perforation (9) is l-10 times the thickness of the insert element (6), while the material thickness between the holes 1-3 times the thickness of the insert element (6 ), which in turn accounts for 0.05% to 0.5% of the combustion chamber diameter.
5. Brennraumeinsatz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchbrüche der aus Keramik bestehenden Einsatzelemente (6) als Gitterkonstruktion ausgebildet sind.5. combustion chamber insert according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the openings of the ceramic insert elements (6) are designed as a lattice structure.
6. Brennraumeinsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aus Keramik bestehenden Einsatzelemente (6) quadratisch oder rechteckig sind.6. combustion chamber insert according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the ceramic insert elements (6) are square or rectangular.
7. Brennraumeinsatz nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aus Keramik bestehenden Einsatzelemente (6) so dimensioniert sind, daß sie den Umfang des Brennraumeinsatzes (5) in sechs bis achtzehn Teile unterteilen. 7. combustion chamber insert according to claim 6, characterized in that the ceramic insert elements (6) are dimensioned such that they divide the circumference of the combustion chamber insert (5) into six to eighteen parts.
8. Brennraumeinsatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material der Einsatzelemente (6) die zur Nachverbrennung erforderliche Temperatur ohne bedeutende Deformation dauerhaft ertragende hitzebeständige Keramik ist. 8. combustion chamber insert according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the material of the insert elements (6) is the temperature required for afterburning without significant deformation permanently resistant heat-resistant ceramic.
PCT/HU2001/000108 2000-11-07 2001-11-07 Combustion chamber inlay for environmentally friendly combustion of fuels with a high contaminant content in combustion devices which use heat WO2002039019A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551861A1 (en) * 1967-11-26 1970-04-09 Josef Stadler Kg Plant for incinerating waste
GB1450894A (en) * 1972-11-01 1976-09-29 Lucas Industries Ltd Flame tubes
FR2499689A1 (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-13 Mateos Francois Central heating boiler for solid fuel - has spiral heating coil above boiler furnace also extending around flue
WO1989005422A1 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-15 Allan Inovius Reactor for reducing the contents of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in combustion gases

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551861A1 (en) * 1967-11-26 1970-04-09 Josef Stadler Kg Plant for incinerating waste
GB1450894A (en) * 1972-11-01 1976-09-29 Lucas Industries Ltd Flame tubes
FR2499689A1 (en) * 1981-02-06 1982-08-13 Mateos Francois Central heating boiler for solid fuel - has spiral heating coil above boiler furnace also extending around flue
WO1989005422A1 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-15 Allan Inovius Reactor for reducing the contents of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in combustion gases

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