WO2002035826A1 - Endoskopisches instrument zur anwendung in hohlräumen - Google Patents
Endoskopisches instrument zur anwendung in hohlräumen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002035826A1 WO2002035826A1 PCT/EP2001/011332 EP0111332W WO0235826A1 WO 2002035826 A1 WO2002035826 A1 WO 2002035826A1 EP 0111332 W EP0111332 W EP 0111332W WO 0235826 A1 WO0235826 A1 WO 0235826A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- endoscopic instrument
- instrument according
- sensor element
- radiation
- image information
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
- H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
- H04N3/14—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by means of electrically scanned solid-state devices
- H04N3/15—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by means of electrically scanned solid-state devices for picture signal generation
- H04N3/155—Control of the image-sensor operation, e.g. image processing within the image-sensor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an endoscopic instrument for use in cavities, with an optical system having at least one sensor element for recording image information.
- endoscopes Numerous configurations of endoscopes are known in the prior art. As part of diagnostic and / or therapeutic procedures (endoscopy), body cavities and canals as well as hollow organs are examined directly with the help of endoscopes. In the field of technical applications, endoscopic instruments are used, for example, for viewing and analyzing cracks and the like in the area of blade wheels and atomization chambers of turbines.
- Endoscopes usually include an optical system of prisms and / or lenses and often also an illumination device which, depending on the application, are arranged in rigid tubes or flexible tubes.
- the optical system has an image guide system arranged in a flexible tube in the form of a flexible fiber optic made of glass fiber bundles, via which the image to be captured is transmitted.
- Endoscopic instruments are also known, the optical system of which has sensor elements for electronically capturing images. Through direct observation or optical and / or electronic processing of the image captured by the optical system, cavities can be observed.
- the sensor element recording the image is inserted into the cavity.
- the image of the cavity to be recorded is transmitted via the fiber optics and viewed directly outside the cavity or detected by a sensor element and is usually displayed electronically.
- CCDs charge-coupled devices
- CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow, black
- High-resolution color CCDs are currently known in the prior art for use in endoscopic instruments, which are installed, inter alia, with 90 ° prism / lens systems in the distal ends of flexible endoscopes.
- Endoscopes with an outer diameter of 6 mm to 13 mm are currently using a 1/10 inch CCD with 270,000 pixels (pixels) or a 1/6 inch CCD with 410,000 pixels (pixels).
- the latter is vaporized with a mosaic color filter and equipped with 410,000 microlenses for a straight signal line.
- CMOS components Complementary JVtetal Oxide Semiconductor components
- CCDs Compact JVtetal Oxide Semiconductor components
- CMOS components are just as disadvantageous as CCDs, since the spectral and spatial resolution, like that of the CCDs, is restricted by the use of mosaic filters.
- the requirements placed on endoscopic instruments for examining cavities are increasing more and more.
- endoscopic instruments in medicine and technology must not only represent cavities and structures that are to be examined multidimensionally, but also minimally invasive work in the cavities, analyzes in the cavities, in particular with regard to different optical properties, and simultaneous observation of process sequences, especially without for having to carry out these observations to distort or overlay the image.
- inexpensive endoscopic instruments which, with the smallest possible dimensions, in particular with regard to the outside diameter, enable high-quality image acquisition with high spectral and local resolution, high sensitivity and high brightness dynamics.
- the invention is based on the task of providing an endoscopic instrument for use in cavities of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be manufactured more cost-effectively and easily with smaller dimensions while increasing the detectable spectral range and the local resolution, sensitivity and brightness dynamics is.
- the sensor element consists of an arrangement of pixel units from which the image information acting on the sensor element in the form of electromagnetic radiation can be composed, the pixel units being structured axially to the direction of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation on the sensor element.
- the sensor element has at least two layers, an essentially area-covering sensor layer and a layer adjoining it in the direction of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation and used for signal processing and / or processing.
- pixel units structured axially to the direction of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation impinging on the sensor element i.e. sensor elements with pixel units which are structured horizontally or vertically in their layer structure depending on the position of the sensor element, makes it possible to provide endoscopic instruments for use in cavities which are smaller Dimensions have a higher resolution and sensitivity than the previously known endoscopic instruments.
- the axially structured pixel units according to the invention make it possible to use the entire surface of the sensor element for image information acquisition.
- the ratio of the area provided for image information acquisition to the entire surface of the sensor element is advantageously in a range from 0.8 to 1 and is particularly preferably 1.
- the axially structured pixel units are advantageously sensitive in at least two different spectral ranges, i.e. sensitive within different spectral ranges.
- polychrome pixel units These polychrome pixel units are thus structured horizontally or vertically in their layer structure. Depending on the position used in the endoscopic instrument, horizontally or vertically structured pixel units are used. The position of the horizontally or vertically structured pixel units is always chosen so that the structuring is axial to the direction of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation on the surface of the sensor element.
- sensor elements according to WO 99/00848 are used in the endoscopic instrument according to the invention, ie sensor elements for electromagnetic radiation, formed by a structure of an integrated circuit, in particular an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), on the surface of which is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation Layer sequence is applied, consisting of an arrangement of pixel units, each pixel unit having a radiation converter in the form of the layer sequence mentioned for converting the incident radiation into an intensity-dependent measured value and means for detecting and storing the measured value, and wherein a read-out control device for each related to a pixel unit Reading out the measured values is provided in such a way that the image irradiated onto the sensor can be assembled from the measured-pixel-related measured values.
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- Such a sensor element is usually designed in so-called TFA technology (Thin Film on ASIC), as for example from the article "Thin Film on ASIC A Novel Concept for Intelligent Image Sensors” by H. Fischer, J. Schulte, J. Giehl, M Böhm and JPM Schmitt from 1992 (see Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc, Vol. 285, p. 1139 ff.).
- TFA technology Thin Film on ASIC
- PHS polychrome horizontally structured
- vertically structured pixel units are used as sensor elements in an endoscopic instrument in their layer structure or in their layer sequence, as described, for example, in the article "Three dimensional metallization for vertically integrated circuits" by P. Ramm et al. In Microelectronic Engineering 37 / 38 from 1997 (cf. pp. 39 to 47)
- corresponding polychrome vertically structured pixel units are used.
- the optoelectronic converter is formed, preferably on crystalline silicon or other suitable semiconductor materials (cf. WO 00/52759) Component, for example a photodiode, photogate, phototransistor or the like.
- Such optoelectronic converters are known, for example, from WO 99/00848, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the sensor element of the endoscopic instrument for use in cavities has a spectrally controllable sensitivity, for which purpose multilayer systems of the piiin, pipiin or similar other layer forms are preferably used, as for example from DE 44 41 444, DE 196 37 126 and DE 197 10 134, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- the sensor elements are sensitive in the ultraviolet range. This increases the contrast in the images to be recorded, in particular also in the case of untreated or unstained objects or specimens to be examined.
- the ASIC comprises, as part of the integrated circuit, means for image processing and / or evaluation, preferably means for noise suppression, preferably by means of image summation and / or averaging, amplifiers, preferably so-called lock-in amplifiers, or the like.
- Lock-in amplifiers are known in the prior art and are used to detect a signal of interest with a specific frequency and phase from a noisy signal. In spectroscopy, lock-in amplifiers are usually used to amplify and process small optical signals in order to detect weaker optical signals from background noise.
- the endoscopic instrument according to the invention advantageously has a lock-in amplifier for amplifying and processing detected image formations.
- a lock-in amplifier is advantageously provided for each pixel unit and is part of the integrated circuit.
- Signal processing is advantageously carried out by the integrated circuit on which the sensor element is arranged (image preprocessing). This makes signal processing and / or processing faster and more cost-effective since otherwise used external computer systems or processors for signal processing and / or processing can be omitted or only have to be designed for processing and / or processing of narrow-band signals, there the Signals are already pre-processed and / or processed on chip.
- the signal processing and / or processing is also less susceptible to interference.
- a signal transmission from the sensor element to the signal processing device on chip has significantly shorter communication paths. As a result, connections or interfaces for connecting an external signal processing device, which otherwise enlarge the dimensions of the endoscopic instrument, can be omitted.
- the sensor element of the endoscopic instrument for use in cavities has at least one radiation-emitting structure which serves to irradiate the cavity to be examined or analyzed.
- the radiation-emitting structure is advantageously designed as an illumination device for illuminating the cavities to be examined.
- the radiation-emitting structure is one or more diodes emitting directly or indirectly, preferably a diode emitting radiation of different wavelengths.
- the sensor elements and the radiation-emitting structure are advantageously matched to one another with regard to their spectral ranges, preferably in such a way that the sensor elements are spectrally sensitive in the region of the radiation emitted by the radiation-emitting structures and / or radiation caused by the emitted radiation, for example for luminescence phenomena such as fluorescence or phosphorescence ,
- the radiation-emitting structure enables sequential irradiation of the or part of the cavity to be examined. Radiation of different wavelengths is advantageously emitted in a predetermined sequence, for example in a red, green, blue sequence, the interaction products of which with the object to be viewed are detected or read out as image information by the individual axially structured pixel units of the sensor element. The reading out or detection takes place serially with respect to the color information at the individual pixel, with respect to the location and intensity information of the pixels detecting the same color in parallel and thus very quickly. Further can thus be dispensed with previously used in the prior art mosaic filter according to the invention.
- both white light and luminescence considerations can be realized with an endoscopic instrument.
- particularly simple and sensitive fluorescence video endoscopes can be constructed using polychrome horizontal or vertical structures. The use of different radiation-emitting structures also makes it possible to selectively examine individual areas of the cavity to be examined, for example by marking or recognizing areas of interest by selective irradiation with radiation of different wavelengths, for example for the detection of specific tissue changes due to different fluorescence behavior.
- position detectors in the distal end of the endoscopic instrument advantageously allows precise location in the context of multimodal matching methods or the like, in which, for example, endoscopic and / or MRI topography
- Volume data records are brought to a precisely fitting overlay. This makes it possible to determine multi-dimensional diagnostic vectors, which in particular allow improved diagnosis and treatment.
- multidimensional operation planning and implementation with simultaneous spatial control by means of the endoscopic instrument is advantageously provided, so that both risks during the operation can be minimized and shorter operation times can be realized, and thus a total reduction in Operation costs can be realized.
- the endoscopic instrument is designed as a capsule-shaped probe which, with a preferably integrated drive, actively and / or passively, independently or by peristaltic movements of organs of the body to be examined, for example wave-like progressive contraction of the intestine or esophagus can be moved remotely in and / or through cavities.
- the endoscopic instrument has on the integrated circuit a computing device for controlling and / or remote control of a drive and a device for the contactless transmission of recorded image information to a separate image information receiving device located outside the cavity, on the part of which the image information is displayed to the user of the endoscopic instrument , For example, transponder technology or the like can be used for this.
- the integrated circuit of the endoscopic instrument has a memory for acquiring the image information which, in the case of endoscopic instruments designed as a self-moving probe, after the user has passed through a cavity to be examined and removed the endoscopic instrument from the cavity suitable display device, for example a monitor or the like, is read out for displaying the image information.
- the endoscopic instrument designed as a probe is designed as a component that can be manufactured completely by means of semiconductor manufacturing processes.
- Layer systems for the sensor elements which are annealed during the production process after the primary completion, are advantageously used in the endoscopic instrument.
- This treatment leads to the healing of bond breaks in the structure of the layer systems of the sensor elements made of amorphous silicon.
- the endoscopic instrument according to the invention is thus autoclavable, which is particularly necessary in medical applications, but is not possible in the case of previously used CCD sensor elements due to the temperature sensitivity of the individual components and the resulting morphological changes in these components when exposed to temperature.
- the endoscopic instrument according to the present invention has numerous advantages over the previously known prior art, as explained below by way of example.
- the possibility of performing signal processing on the part of the integrated circuit of the endoscopic instrument (image preprocessing) enables an at least semi-automatic evaluation of examination images with subsequent targeted cross-checking by the user. This results in shorter examination times, a lower patient burden and improved diagnostics, combined with fewer repeat examinations and the presence of a lower probability of overlooked findings.
- the improved detail resolution of the endoscopic instrument enables tissue changes and the like, for example carcinomas, to be detected more easily and earlier. With the associated earlier treatment option, the chances of a cure are greater and the treatment costs are lower. Due to the smaller dimensions of the sensor element of the endoscopic instrument according to the invention, with the same resolution and the same external dimensions, the endoscopic instrument leaves room for enlarged instrumentation channels, for example for the use of tools for mechanical access in the context of therapeutic operations.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a CCD used as a sensor element in endoscopic instruments according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 shows the sensor element according to FIG. 1 in a schematic perspective view
- FIG. 3 shows the basic structure of a CMOS used as a sensor element according to the prior art
- FIG. 4 shows the sensor element according to FIG. 3 in a schematic perspective view
- FIG. 5 shows the basic structure of a sensor element used according to the invention in endoscopic instruments
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of the sensor element according to FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an endoscopic instrument according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of an endoscopic instrument according to the invention
- 9 shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of an endoscopic instrument according to the invention
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of an endoscopic instrument according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of an endoscopic instrument according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a CCD (charge-coupled device) used as sensor element 1 in endoscopic instruments according to the prior art.
- the sensor element (CCD) 1 is composed of several pixel units (pixels) 2, which are sensitive in different wavelength ranges, in the present case for the colors red R, green G and blue B.
- a pixel 3 is composed of four pixel units 2, whereby two pixel units 2 arranged diagonally to one another and sensitive to green light are combined in one pixel 3 corresponding to FIG. 1.
- the pixel units 2 of the CCD 1 are read line by line and the information of the individual pixel units 2 is fed to a processor 4 for signal processing via an integrated read-out control device 6 and lines connected to the CCD 1.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi conductor) used according to the prior art as sensor element 31.
- the sensor element (CMOS) 31 is composed of a plurality of pixel units (pixels) 32, which are sensitive in different wavelength ranges, in the present case for the colors red R, green G and blue B.
- a pixel 33 is composed of four pixel units 32 together, two diagonally arranged pixel units 32 sensitive to green light being combined in one pixel corresponding to FIG. 3.
- the pixel units 32 of the CMOS 31 are read out by means of matrix-like addressing and the information of the individual pixel units 32 is fed to a processor 34 for signal processing via lines connected to the CMOS 31.
- the sensitivity decreases according to the ratio of the readout control device 36 to the area of the pixel unit 32.
- the surface provided by the CMOS 31 can thus only be used partially as a detector surface for recording image information.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show the basic structure of a sensor element 11 of an endoscopic instrument according to the present invention.
- the sensor element 11 consists of an arrangement of pixel units (pixels) 12, from which the image information acting on the sensor element 11 in the form of electromagnetic radiation can be composed, the pixel units 12 being structured axially to the direction of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation on the sensor element 11, as with reference to of Figure 6 can be seen.
- Each axially structured pixel unit 12 simultaneously forms a pixel 13 for receiving the image information.
- the surface provided by the sensor element 11 can be used completely to record image information, which means that the surface of the sensor element 1, 31 and 11 remains the same compared to the CCD 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the CMOS 31 according to FIGS a significantly greater resolution and sensitivity or, with the same resolution, significantly smaller dimensions of the sensor element 11 can be achieved.
- the sensor 15 detects three pieces of image information in a pixel 13, the sensor 15 having three layers sensitive to the colors red R, green G and blue B in the vertical layer structure for each pixel 13.
- Those detected by a pixel 13 Image information is summarized by the processing and readout device 16 and serially fed to a processing processor 14. This reduces the number of read lines and the computing power of the processing processor can be designed to be smaller. If the processing and readout device 16 is designed to increase the brightness dynamics, the quality of the recordings of liquids or metals that can otherwise not be achieved by reflections can be improved.
- the distal ends of the endoscopes which are otherwise matted in the prior art, can thus be omitted or the quality of the recorded images can be further improved.
- the brightness dynamics of approximately 60 dB given in the prior art when using CCDs 1 as a sensor element can be improved to values of more than 120 dB with the sensor element 12.
- the sensor element 11 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 has, in its pixel units 12 structured axially to the direction of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation on the sensor element 11, that is to say in a horizontal layer sequence, a layer 16 with means for processing and processing image information recorded by the sensitive layer sequence 15 and means for outputting the processed or processed recorded image information, which are supplied by the means contained in layer 16 for output to processor 14 for further processing or processing.
- the means contained in the layer 16 in the present case comprise means for image processing and / or evaluation, preferably in the form of lock-in amplifier devices. This improves the quality of the image information detected by the pixel units 12 by eliminating noise and interference signals.
- the processor 14 connected downstream of the sensor element is thus relieved and can be designed to be less complex, in particular since the signals supplied in the processor 14 from the readout control devices contained in the layer 16 are of higher quality and the processor thus only has to be able to process signals with narrowband bandwidth.
- the surface of the sensor element 11 is designed in such a way that a minimization of the Reflection losses on the surfaces is achieved. This can be achieved both by varying the layer thicknesses of the sensor element and by applying one or more anti-reflective coatings, not shown here, for example made of magnesium fluoride or suitable, preferably dielectric multilayer systems. Anti-reflective coatings increase the sensitivity in a large wavelength range, preferably in a range in which the sensor element is sensitive.
- the distal end of the probe also includes radiation-emitting structures which can be used as an illumination device.
- the processing and / or processing means provided in the layer 16 for each pixel unit, in the present case lock-in amplifiers, and the lighting devices allow targeted signal processing and processing for each pixel 13.
- the pixel-by-pixel lock-in amplifier is connected to the lighting device as a reference signal, so that external or interference radiation striking the sensor element has no influence on the image information recorded with the sensor element 11.
- FIGS. 7 to 11 Various endoscopic instruments 20 are shown in FIGS. 7 to 11, which can be designed both as flexible and as rigid endoscopes.
- the image information guide device 21 is either rigid or flexible.
- a sensor element 11 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is arranged in an external camera 22, which is arranged at the proximal end 23 of the endoscopic instrument 20.
- the image information recorded at the distal end 24 is fed via the image information guide device 21 to the surface of the sensor element 11, which is structured axially to the direction of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation transmitted the image information.
- the sensor element 11 is arranged in the endoscopic instrument at the proximal end 23.
- the sensor element 11 being integrated in the area of the proximal end 23 in the endoscopic instrument 20.
- the endoscopic instrument 20 according to FIG. 9 points in the area of the proximal end 23, a beam deflection device 25, which feeds the image information recorded at the distal end 24 of the endoscopic instrument 20 via the image guide device 21 to the sensor element arranged essentially laterally to the image information incident at the distal end, in accordance with the axial structure of the sensor element 11.
- the sensor element 11 is arranged in the distal end 24 of the endoscopic instrument 20.
- the areas of the image guide device 21 located behind the sensor element 11 in the direction of the proximal end of the endoscopic instrument 20 have electrical lines and the like, which enable a processing and / or processing processor 14, a monitor or the like to be connected in the area of the proximal end 23 ,
- the sensor element is arranged laterally to the image information incident in the region of the distal end.
- the image information thus recorded in the area of the distal end 24 is deflected via a beam deflection device 25 and is fed to the sensor element according to its axial structure.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002212299A AU2002212299A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-01 | Endoscopic instrument for use in cavities |
US10/399,925 US20040054255A1 (en) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-01 | Endoscopic instrument for use in cavities |
JP2002538666A JP2004512120A (ja) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-01 | 中空状部位に使用するための内視鏡器具 |
EP01980460A EP1334609A1 (de) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-01 | Endoskopisches instrument zur anwendung in hohlräumen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10052863.5 | 2000-10-24 | ||
DE10052863A DE10052863A1 (de) | 2000-10-24 | 2000-10-24 | Endoskopisches Instrument zur Anwendung in Hohlräumen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002035826A1 true WO2002035826A1 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
Family
ID=7661004
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/011332 WO2002035826A1 (de) | 2000-10-24 | 2001-10-01 | Endoskopisches instrument zur anwendung in hohlräumen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040054255A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1334609A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004512120A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002212299A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10052863A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002035826A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60122894T2 (de) | 2000-07-14 | 2007-03-15 | Xillix Technologies Corp., Richmond | Kompaktes fluorezenz endoskopisches video system |
US20060241496A1 (en) | 2002-01-15 | 2006-10-26 | Xillix Technologies Corp. | Filter for use with imaging endoscopes |
US20090303317A1 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2009-12-10 | Novadaq Technologies Inc. | Near infrared imaging |
WO2010131687A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-12 | 2010-11-18 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | 被検体内撮像システムおよび被検体内導入装置 |
US10293122B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2019-05-21 | Novadaq Technologies ULC | Endoluminal introducer with contamination avoidance |
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2000
- 2000-10-24 DE DE10052863A patent/DE10052863A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-10-01 JP JP2002538666A patent/JP2004512120A/ja active Pending
- 2001-10-01 AU AU2002212299A patent/AU2002212299A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-01 US US10/399,925 patent/US20040054255A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-01 EP EP01980460A patent/EP1334609A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-01 WO PCT/EP2001/011332 patent/WO2002035826A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
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WO1997008897A1 (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-03-06 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Remote video display system with liquid crystal colour filter |
DE19637126A1 (de) | 1995-09-12 | 1997-04-30 | Markus Prof Dr Ing Boehm | Variospektral-Vielfarbendiode |
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WO1998019455A1 (de) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-05-07 | Boehm Markus | Farbbildsensor für kurzzeitbelichtung |
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WO1999058044A1 (en) | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-18 | Inbae Yoon | Penetrating endoscope and endoscopic surgical instrument with cmos image sensor and display |
WO2000052759A1 (de) | 1999-03-04 | 2000-09-08 | Boehm Markus | Bildsensoreinrichtung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1334609A1 (de) | 2003-08-13 |
JP2004512120A (ja) | 2004-04-22 |
DE10052863A1 (de) | 2002-04-25 |
AU2002212299A1 (en) | 2002-05-06 |
US20040054255A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
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