WO2002024425A1 - Production of concrete - Google Patents

Production of concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002024425A1
WO2002024425A1 PCT/SG2000/000153 SG0000153W WO0224425A1 WO 2002024425 A1 WO2002024425 A1 WO 2002024425A1 SG 0000153 W SG0000153 W SG 0000153W WO 0224425 A1 WO0224425 A1 WO 0224425A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aggregate
weighing
cementitious material
process defined
concrete
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2000/000153
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yong Boon Teo
Stanley Chia
Song Kim Chew
Original Assignee
Rdc Holdings Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rdc Holdings Pte Ltd filed Critical Rdc Holdings Pte Ltd
Priority to AU2000276980A priority Critical patent/AU2000276980A1/en
Priority to PCT/SG2000/000153 priority patent/WO2002024425A1/en
Publication of WO2002024425A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002024425A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/003—Methods for mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
    • B28C5/0875—Mixing in separate stages involving different containers for each stage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C9/00—General arrangement or layout of plant
    • B28C9/002—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Making slurries; Involving methodical aspects; Involving pretreatment of ingredients; Involving packaging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of concrete.
  • ready-mixed concrete is produced using the so-called wet-mix and dry-mix methods .
  • the required weights of all raw materials namely cementitious material (such as cement, flyash, and silica fume) , coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, chemical additives, and water are weighed and added to a forced-action mixer and are wet mixed together by the mixer to produce concrete.
  • cementitious material such as cement, flyash, and silica fume
  • coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, chemical additives, and water are weighed and added to a forced-action mixer and are wet mixed together by the mixer to produce concrete.
  • the ready- mixed concrete is discharged into a drum of a mixer truck and is delivered by the truck to a site where concrete is required.
  • the required weights of the raw materials are discharged directly into a drum of a mixer truck.
  • the drum is then rotated to mix the raw materials, and the mixer truck is dispatched to a site where concrete is required.
  • the current practice of the construction industry is to reject ready-mixed concrete that is not used within a specified time period, typically two hours, after being produced.
  • the specified time period is a very short period of time in many situations and in such situations is a significant problem for both suppliers and users of ready- mixed concrete .
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing ready-mixed concrete that alleviates the above-described problem of inefficient land use.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing ready-mixed concrete that makes it possible to maximise the possibility of using ready-mix concrete within the specified time period and thereby alleviates the above-described economic loss and concrete disposal problems when the time period is exceeded .
  • a process for producing concrete which includes the steps of:
  • the present invention is based on the realisation that the above-described inefficient land use problem and the above-described economic loss and concrete disposal problems that arise when the specified time limit is exceeded can be significantly alleviated by separating the process steps of (a) aggregate weighing and loading and (b) cementitious material blending as described above.
  • step (a) includes charging required amounts of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate into the drum of the mixer truck .
  • the process of the present invention includes the steps of:
  • the process includes calculating the required amounts of cementitious material, water and chemical additives in a given situation by reference to the specified mix proportions and actual amounts of coarse and fine aggregates in the mixer truck.
  • the calculation step takes into account mixing losses.
  • the aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station may be at one geographic location or at two separate geographic locations .
  • the aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station may be permanent fixtures, mobile units, or a combination of permanent fixtures and mobile units.
  • Figure 1 is a flow sheet of the process steps carried out at an aggregate weighing/loading station and a cementitious material weighing/blending station in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention.
  • coarse and fine aggregates that are stored in separate storage bins are discharged from the bins into a weighing hopper to provide the exact amount of the aggregates to produce a given volume of concrete of a given concrete specification that is required for a concrete pour.
  • the weighed aggregate is then transferred to the drum of a mixer truck for transportation to a cementitious material weighing/blending station.
  • cementitious material, water, and chemical additives that are separately stored in silos/tanks are discharged into separate weighing hoppers in required amounts to produce a required amount of cementitious material slurry for mixing with the aggregate carried by the mixer truck to produce the required concrete.
  • the separately weighed cementitious material, water and chemical additives are discharged into a blender and are blended to form the cementitious material slurry.
  • the cementitious material slurry is discharged into the drum of the mixer truck and the drum is rotated to coat the aggregates with the cementitious material slurry and the ready-mixed concrete that is produced is transported by the mixer truck to the concrete pour.
  • the process of the present invention has the following advantages.
  • the specified time period commences only after the addition of cementitious material slurry to aggregates
  • the required weight of aggregates can be stored separately in readiness for use and the required weight of blended cementitious material slurry can be produced and mixed with the aggregates at the latest possible time having regard to progress at a construction site. This is particularly significant in situations where the cementitious material weighing/blending station is located at the construction site at which concrete is required.
  • the mixer truck In situations where the cementitious material weighing/blending station is a mobile unit and is located at a construction site, the mixer truck carries less weight per unit volume of concrete because the aggregate is the only component that is transported to site by the mixer truck .
  • the number of aggregate loaders required is proportional to the number of aggregate weighing/loading stations.
  • the number of aggregate weighing/loading stations is expected to be less than the number of conventional wet-mix and dry-mix plants .
  • the cementitious material weighing/blending station can be a stand-alone plant and there is no need for a stockpile area. Only a small space is needed for the stand-alone plant making it highly suitable for heavy built-up areas where land is scarce.
  • Aggregate can be loaded directly at stockpile areas , such as quarry or aggregate landing areas .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)

Abstract

A process for producing ready-mixed concrete is disclosed. The process includes the steps of separately preparing the aggregate and cement slurry and then mixing the two components together to produce concrete. Specifically, the process includes the steps of: charging a required amount of aggregate into a drum of a mixer truck; forming a slurry of cementitious material, water and chemical additives, in required proportions; and charging a required amount of the cementitious material slurry into the drum of the mixer truck and mixing the slurry and the aggregate in the truck to produce concrete.

Description

PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE
The present invention relates to the production of concrete.
Presently, ready-mixed concrete is produced using the so-called wet-mix and dry-mix methods .
In the wet-mix method, the required weights of all raw materials, namely cementitious material (such as cement, flyash, and silica fume) , coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, chemical additives, and water are weighed and added to a forced-action mixer and are wet mixed together by the mixer to produce concrete. After mixing, the ready- mixed concrete is discharged into a drum of a mixer truck and is delivered by the truck to a site where concrete is required.
In the dry-mix method, the required weights of the raw materials, as described above, are discharged directly into a drum of a mixer truck. The drum is then rotated to mix the raw materials, and the mixer truck is dispatched to a site where concrete is required.
Currently the major part of the area of batching plants for carrying out the wet-mix and dry-mix methods is taken up for the storage of the aggregates. This is a inefficient use of land especially in urban built-up areas where land cost is high and large areas are not easily available.
The current practice of the construction industry is to reject ready-mixed concrete that is not used within a specified time period, typically two hours, after being produced.
The specified time period is a very short period of time in many situations and in such situations is a significant problem for both suppliers and users of ready- mixed concrete .
The common practice of the construction industry is for construction contractors to place an order for ready-mixed concrete while inspectors are making an inspection of the site of a proposed concrete pour. If the concrete supplied to order is not used within the specified time period, the concrete cannot be used. If the failure to use the concrete within the specified time period is not due to the concrete supplier, the construction contractor is required to pay for the concrete and therefore suffers an economic loss. This applies even in situations where the specified time period is exceeded due to unforseen delays such as on-site adjustments of a pour site that are required by the inspectors. In addition, whilst the concrete supplier is paid for supplying the concrete, invariably the concrete supplier is left with the task (and expense) of disposing the concrete. Indiscriminate disposal creates an environmental hazard and recycling is costly. Thus, there is a significant onus on construction contractors in relation to the timing of orders for ready- mixed concrete.
An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing ready-mixed concrete that alleviates the above-described problem of inefficient land use.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing ready-mixed concrete that makes it possible to maximise the possibility of using ready-mix concrete within the specified time period and thereby alleviates the above-described economic loss and concrete disposal problems when the time period is exceeded . According to the present invention there is provided a process for producing concrete which includes the steps of:
(a) charging a required amount of aggregate into a drum of a mixer truck ;
(b) forming a slurry of cementitious material, water and chemical additives, in required proportions; and
(c) charging a required amount of the cementitious material slurry into the drum of the mixer truck and mixing the slurry and the aggregate in the truck to produce concrete.
The present invention is based on the realisation that the above-described inefficient land use problem and the above-described economic loss and concrete disposal problems that arise when the specified time limit is exceeded can be significantly alleviated by separating the process steps of (a) aggregate weighing and loading and (b) cementitious material blending as described above.
Preferably step (a) includes charging required amounts of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate into the drum of the mixer truck .
More particularly, the process of the present invention includes the steps of:
(a) weighing and loading required amounts of coarse and fine aggregates into the drum of the mixing truck at an aggregate weighing/loading station;
(b) weighing and loading required amounts of cementitious material, water and chemical additives into a blender at a cementitious material weighing/blending station and operating the blender to form the slurry; and
(c) adding a required amount of the cementitious material slurry to the mixer truck and rotating the drum of the mixer truck to evenly coat the aggregates .
Preferably the process includes calculating the required amounts of cementitious material, water and chemical additives in a given situation by reference to the specified mix proportions and actual amounts of coarse and fine aggregates in the mixer truck.
Preferably the calculation step takes into account mixing losses.
The aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station may be at one geographic location or at two separate geographic locations .
The aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station may be permanent fixtures, mobile units, or a combination of permanent fixtures and mobile units.
The process of the present invention is described further by way of example with reference to Figure 1.
Figure 1 is a flow sheet of the process steps carried out at an aggregate weighing/loading station and a cementitious material weighing/blending station in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention. With reference to Figure 1, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the process, coarse and fine aggregates that are stored in separate storage bins are discharged from the bins into a weighing hopper to provide the exact amount of the aggregates to produce a given volume of concrete of a given concrete specification that is required for a concrete pour. The weighed aggregate is then transferred to the drum of a mixer truck for transportation to a cementitious material weighing/blending station.
At the cementitious material weighing/blending station, cementitious material, water, and chemical additives that are separately stored in silos/tanks are discharged into separate weighing hoppers in required amounts to produce a required amount of cementitious material slurry for mixing with the aggregate carried by the mixer truck to produce the required concrete. As required, the separately weighed cementitious material, water and chemical additives are discharged into a blender and are blended to form the cementitious material slurry.
As required, the cementitious material slurry is discharged into the drum of the mixer truck and the drum is rotated to coat the aggregates with the cementitious material slurry and the ready-mixed concrete that is produced is transported by the mixer truck to the concrete pour.
The process of the present invention has the following advantages.
1. Reduction of rejection rate.
The specified time period commences only after the addition of cementitious material slurry to aggregates Thus, the required weight of aggregates can be stored separately in readiness for use and the required weight of blended cementitious material slurry can be produced and mixed with the aggregates at the latest possible time having regard to progress at a construction site. This is particularly significant in situations where the cementitious material weighing/blending station is located at the construction site at which concrete is required.
In the circumstances, in general, the rejection rate of concrete that exceeds the specified time limit is minimal compared to the known wet-plant and dry-mix methods. This significantly alleviates the above-described cost penalty and concrete disposal problems that arise when concrete is rejected in such circumstances.
2. Reduction of maintenance costs.
The cost of production is significantly lower. There are lower maintenance costs as the system requires less machinery and causes less wear on drum mixers of mixer trucks due to reduced mixing time in drum mixers .
3. Reduced fuel consumption.
In situations where the cementitious material weighing/blending station is a mobile unit and is located at a construction site, the mixer truck carries less weight per unit volume of concrete because the aggregate is the only component that is transported to site by the mixer truck .
Thus, there is reduction of fuel consumption of the mixer truck by virtue of lower weights carried. 4. Better quality control.
The separate production of aggregate and cementitious material slurry batches makes it possible to improve quality control.
5. Less equipment required.
The number of aggregate loaders required is proportional to the number of aggregate weighing/loading stations. The number of aggregate weighing/loading stations is expected to be less than the number of conventional wet-mix and dry-mix plants .
Thus, the process of the present invention requires lower equipment requirements .
6. Reduction in stockpile areas .
The cementitious material weighing/blending station can be a stand-alone plant and there is no need for a stockpile area. Only a small space is needed for the stand-alone plant making it highly suitable for heavy built-up areas where land is scarce.
7. Reduction of double handling of aggregate.
Aggregate can be loaded directly at stockpile areas , such as quarry or aggregate landing areas .
8. No wastage due to delays during transit.
In the event of a delay during transit, for example due to vehicle breakdown and traffic jams, so long as the cementitious material slurry has not been added, the materials can be reused. 9. Road pollution in event spillage
As the trucks are carrying only aggregates prior to addition of cementitious material slurry, wet spillage is prevented.
Many modifications may be made to the present invention as described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A process for producing concrete which includes the steps of:
(a) charging a required amount of aggregate into a drum of a mixer truck;
(b) forming a slurry of cementitious material, water and chemical additives, in required proportions; and
(c) charging a required amount of the cementitious material slurry into the drum of the mixer truck and mixing the slurry and the aggregate in the truck to produce concrete.
2. The process defined in claim 1 wherein step (a) includes charging required amounts of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in the drum of the mixer truck.
3. The process defined in claim 1 includes weighing and loading required amounts of coarse and fine aggregates into the drum of the mixing truck at an aggregate weighing/loading station.
4. The process defined in claim 3 wherein step (b) includes weighing and loading required amounts of cementitious material, water and chemical additives into a blender at a cementitious material weighing/blending station and operating the blender to form the slurry.
•5. The process defined in claim 4 wherein step (c) includes adding a required amount of the slurry to the mixer truck and rotating the drum of the mixer truck to evenly coat the aggregate to produce concrete.
6. The process defined in any one of the preceding claims includes calculating the required amounts of cementitious material, water and chemical additives in a given situation by reference to the actual amounts of aggregate in the mixer truck .
7. The process defined in claim 6 wherein the calculation step takes into account mixing losses.
8. The process defined in any one of claims 4 to 7 wherein the aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station are at one geographic location.
9. The process defined in any one of claims 4 to 7 wherein the aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station are at two separate geographic locations .
10. The process defined in any one of claims 4 to 9 wherein the aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station are permanent fixtures .
11. The process defined in any one of claims 4 to 9 wherein the aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station are mobile units.
12. The process defined in any one of claims 4 to 9 wherein the aggregate weighing/loading station and the cementitious material weighing/blending station are a combination of permanent fixtures and mobile units.
PCT/SG2000/000153 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Production of concrete WO2002024425A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2000276980A AU2000276980A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Production of concrete
PCT/SG2000/000153 WO2002024425A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Production of concrete

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SG2000/000153 WO2002024425A1 (en) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Production of concrete

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WO2002024425A1 true WO2002024425A1 (en) 2002-03-28

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WO (1) WO2002024425A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7581903B1 (en) 2006-06-08 2009-09-01 Thermoforte, Inc. Method of manufacture and installation flowable thermal backfills
CN116160537A (en) * 2023-04-23 2023-05-26 华南理工大学 Solidified soil production system and production process for recycling residue soil

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU5455069A (en) * 1969-05-06 1970-11-12 M. Zimmerman Harold Concrete mixing and delivery system
US3945619A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-03-23 Taibi Frank P Mobile continuous concrete proportioning plant
GB1482370A (en) * 1974-02-21 1977-08-10 Demitas As Plant for producing concrete
US4431310A (en) * 1981-09-30 1984-02-14 Yasuro Ito Method of preparing kneaded compositions
JPS5929026A (en) * 1982-08-10 1984-02-16 Sugiue Eng Kk Method and device for kneading powder of cement or the like and other kneading material
DE3618220A1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-03 Kilian Gottfried Dipl Wirtsch Process for producing job-mixed concrete having a mobile mixer unit and a stationary silo unit
GB2194528A (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-09 Sandoz Ltd Reclaiming of waste concrete
US4795263A (en) * 1985-02-13 1989-01-03 Sumitomo Corporation Method of producing concrete
EP0391494A1 (en) * 1989-04-06 1990-10-10 Mulder-Boskoop N.V. Process and apparatus for preparing a mixture, especially for mortar and other similar mixtures
EP0625415A1 (en) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-23 Kajima Corporation Batcher plant for producing ready-mixed concrete
WO1996028290A1 (en) * 1995-03-14 1996-09-19 Black Melvin L Method and apparatus for mixing concrete
EP1000719A2 (en) * 1998-11-11 2000-05-17 ROMBOLD & GFRÖHRER GmbH & CO. KG Process and device for obtaining a sprayable concrete or mortar

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU5455069A (en) * 1969-05-06 1970-11-12 M. Zimmerman Harold Concrete mixing and delivery system
GB1482370A (en) * 1974-02-21 1977-08-10 Demitas As Plant for producing concrete
US3945619A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-03-23 Taibi Frank P Mobile continuous concrete proportioning plant
US4431310A (en) * 1981-09-30 1984-02-14 Yasuro Ito Method of preparing kneaded compositions
JPS5929026A (en) * 1982-08-10 1984-02-16 Sugiue Eng Kk Method and device for kneading powder of cement or the like and other kneading material
US4795263A (en) * 1985-02-13 1989-01-03 Sumitomo Corporation Method of producing concrete
DE3618220A1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-03 Kilian Gottfried Dipl Wirtsch Process for producing job-mixed concrete having a mobile mixer unit and a stationary silo unit
GB2194528A (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-09 Sandoz Ltd Reclaiming of waste concrete
EP0391494A1 (en) * 1989-04-06 1990-10-10 Mulder-Boskoop N.V. Process and apparatus for preparing a mixture, especially for mortar and other similar mixtures
EP0625415A1 (en) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-23 Kajima Corporation Batcher plant for producing ready-mixed concrete
WO1996028290A1 (en) * 1995-03-14 1996-09-19 Black Melvin L Method and apparatus for mixing concrete
EP1000719A2 (en) * 1998-11-11 2000-05-17 ROMBOLD & GFRÖHRER GmbH & CO. KG Process and device for obtaining a sprayable concrete or mortar

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class P64, AN 1984-078064/13 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7581903B1 (en) 2006-06-08 2009-09-01 Thermoforte, Inc. Method of manufacture and installation flowable thermal backfills
CN116160537A (en) * 2023-04-23 2023-05-26 华南理工大学 Solidified soil production system and production process for recycling residue soil
CN116160537B (en) * 2023-04-23 2023-06-20 华南理工大学 Solidified soil production system and production process for recycling residue soil

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