WO2002018962A1 - Procede et systeme informatises permettant de determiner la degradation de condensateurs de liaison a courant continu - Google Patents

Procede et systeme informatises permettant de determiner la degradation de condensateurs de liaison a courant continu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002018962A1
WO2002018962A1 PCT/US2000/025651 US0025651W WO0218962A1 WO 2002018962 A1 WO2002018962 A1 WO 2002018962A1 US 0025651 W US0025651 W US 0025651W WO 0218962 A1 WO0218962 A1 WO 0218962A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacitor
value
estimated
link
capacitor value
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/025651
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ajith Kuttannair Kumar
Bret Dwayne Worden
Jason A. Dean
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Priority to AU2002237013A priority Critical patent/AU2002237013A1/en
Priority to CA002387969A priority patent/CA2387969A1/fr
Publication of WO2002018962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002018962A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/64—Testing of capacitors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G01R31/42—AC power supplies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to power conversion systems, such as inverters used in locomotives, electric or hybrid buses, power generation systems, etc., having one or more capacitors in a DC link, and, more particularly, to system and method for determining degradation of the DC link capacitors.
  • power conversion systems such as inverters used in locomotives, electric or hybrid buses, power generation systems, etc.
  • system and method for determining degradation of the DC link capacitors are described below.
  • the description below is given for purposes of illustration and not of limitation in the context of a locomotive.
  • a locomotive is a complex electromechanical system comprised of several complex subsystems. Each of these subsystems, such as the DC link capacitors, is built from components which over time fail. The ability to automatically predict failures before they occur in the locomotive subsystems is desirable for several reasons.
  • condition-based maintenance that is, maintenance conveniently scheduled at the most appropriate time based on statistically and probabilistically meaningful information, as opposed to maintenance performed regardless of the actual condition of the subsystems, such as would be the case if the maintenance is routinely performed independently of whether the subsystem actually needs the maintenance or not.
  • condition-based maintenance is believed to result in a more economically efficient operation and maintenance of the locomotive due to substantially large savings in cost.
  • proactive and high-quality maintenance will create an immeasurable, but very real, good will generated due to increased customer satisfaction.
  • each customer is likely to experience improved transportation and maintenance operations that are even more efficiently and reliably conducted while keeping costs affordable since a condition-based maintenance of the locomotive will simultaneously result in lowering maintenance cost and improving locomotive reliability.
  • Previous attempts to overcome the above-mentioned issues have been generally limited to diagnostics after a problem has occurred, as opposed to prognostics, that is, predicting a failure prior to its occurrence.
  • previous attempts to diagnose problems occurring in a locomotive have been performed by experienced personnel who have in-depth individual training and experience in working with locomotives. Typically, these experienced individuals use available information that has been recorded in a log.
  • the experienced individuals use their accumulated experience and training in mapping incidents occurring in locomotive subsystems to problems that may be causing the incidents. If the incident-problem scenario is simple, then this approach works fairly well for diagnosing problems. However, if the incident-problem scenario is complex, then it is very difficult to diagnose and correct any failures associated with the incident and much less to prognosticate the problems before they occur.
  • some computer-based systems are being used to automatically diagnose problems in a locomotive in order to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with completely relying on experienced personnel. Once again, the emphasis on such computer-based systems is to diagnose problems upon their occurrence, as opposed to prognosticating the problems before they occur.
  • Such computer-based systems have utilized a mapping between the observed symptoms of the failures and the equipment problems using techniques such as a table look up, a symptom-problem matrix, and production rules. These techniques may work well for simplified systems having simple mappings between symptoms and problems. However, complex equipment and process diagnostics seldom have simple correspondences between the symptoms and the problems. Unfortunately, as suggested above, the usefulness of these techniques have been generally limited to diagnostics and thus even such computer-based systems have not been able to provide any effective solution to being able to predict failures before they occur.
  • the foregoing needs are fulfilled by providing a computerized method for determining degradation of one or more respective capacitors in a DC link of a power converter system.
  • the method allows for monitoring a signal indicative of an estimated capacitor value based on a first set of operating and environmental conditions.
  • the method further allows for providing a nominal capacitor value based on a second set of operating and environmental conditions and for storing the adjusted capacitor value to generate historical data of the respective capacitor value. Analysis is executed on the historical data to determine the presence of incipient faults in the respective DC link capacitor.
  • the present invention generally fulfills the foregoing needs by providing in another aspect thereof a system for predicting faults of one or more respective capacitors in a DC link of a power converter system.
  • the system comprises a signal monitor configured to monitor a respective signals indicative of an estimated capacitor value based on a first set of operating and environmental conditions.
  • Memory is configured to store a nominal capacitor value based on a second set of operating and environmental conditions.
  • a database is configured to store the adjusted capacitor value to generate historical data of the respective capacitor value.
  • a diagnostics module is configured to execute analysis on the historical data to determine the presence of incipient faults in the respective DC link capacitor. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of an exemplary power conversion system embodying one aspect of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary processor including respective modules that may be used for detecting incipient failures of DC link capacitors, either onboard the vehicle, at a remote diagnostic service center, or both;
  • FIG. 4 is a plot illustrating an exemplary voltage discharge signal across a respective DC link capacitor
  • Fig. 5 is a plot illustrating an exemplary trend over time in the value of a respective DC link capacitor, which trend may be indicative of an incipient fault in the capacitor
  • FIG. 6 is a plot illustrating an exemplary shift in the value of a respective DC link capacitor, which shift may be indicative of a fault condition in the capacitor.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary power conversion system 10 for conveying power between a DC power source 12 and an electric load comprising first and second motors 16 and 18 electrically connected in parallel.
  • motors 16 and 18 may be three-phase AC induction-type traction motors used for propelling a vehicle, such as a transit vehicle or locomotive (not shown), and the DC source 12, in the case of a transit vehicle, may comprise a wayside power distribution system including either a third rail or an overhead catenary with which a current collector on the vehicle makes sliding or rolling contact.
  • the power source in a locomotive could be the output of a rectifier device that receives power from a suitable alternator onboard the locomotive.
  • the relatively positive line 17 represents such a current collector
  • the negative line 19 represents a conductor in contact with a grounded rail serving as the other terminal of the DC source.
  • the power conversion system 10 includes a controllable DC-to-AC converter, such as an inverter 20 having a pair of DC terminals 22 and 24 on its source side and a set of three AC terminals 26, 28, and 30 on its motor side.
  • the DC terminal 22 is connected via a conductor 40 to the line 17 of the positive potential
  • the terminal 24 is connected via relatively negative conductors 41 and 42 to the other line 19 of the DC power source 12.
  • the conductors 40-42 thus serve as a DC link between the source 12 and the inverter 20.
  • the AC terminals 26, 28, and 30 are respectively connected to the three different phases of each of the AC motors 16 and 18.
  • direct current is supplied to the inverter through its DC terminals 22 and 24, and the inverter operates to convert this direct current into alternating current supplied through AC terminals 26, 28, and 30 to the motors 16 and 18.
  • the inverter is controlled by suitable controls which may be internal or external (such as shown by a controller 70 in FIG. 1) for varying the amplitude and frequency of the alternating voltage at its AC terminals to provide the needed acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle driven by the motors 16 and 18.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the controller may comprise a computer or a microprocessor, for example.
  • the power conversion system 10 has alternative motoring and electrical braking modes of operation.
  • each of the motors 16 and 18 operates as an electrical generator driven by the inertia of the transit vehicle, returning power to the system 10.
  • This return power flows through the inverter 20 in a reverse direction from the direction of flow during motoring and appears as a unipolarity voltage and direct current at the DC terminals 22 and 24.
  • the conversion system 10 is designed to provide for both dynamic braking and regenerative braking.
  • Dynamic braking is effected by connecting across the conductors 40 and 42 of the DC link a dynamic braking resistor 34 through which at least some of the braking current can be made to flow, thus dissipating electric energy in the form of heat.
  • a DC-to DC converter such as a DC power chopper 36 is connected in series therewith.
  • the chopper 36 is a solid-state switch that can be repetitively turned on and off by controller 70, for example, which, in one form, controls the ratio of the "on time” to the "off time” during successive intervals each of fixed duration. The average magnitude of current in the resistor varies directly with this ratio.
  • a single-stage electrical filter of the L-C type is included in the connections between the source 12 and the inverter 20.
  • the filter may comprise a series line-filter inductor 62 connected in the path of current between the line 17 and the positive conductor 40 of the DC link, and shunt capacitors 54 and 56.
  • the first capacitor 54 (referred to as the DC link capacitor) spans the conductors 40 and 41 and thus is directly connected between the two DC terminals 22 and 24 of the inverter.
  • the second capacitor 56 (referred to as the line capacitor) spans the conductors 40 and 42 and thus is interconnected in parallel with the capacitor 54.
  • the filter serves to attenuate harmonics generated by operation of the inverter 20 so that such harmonics are isolated from the DC source 12 and will not interfere with the usual wayside signaling system.
  • the DC link capacitor 54 serves mainly as the required "stiff voltage source for the inverter 20.
  • the line capacitor 56 serves mainly as a filter for the chopper 36, providing a temporary path for braking current during the off periods of the chopper in the dynamic braking circuit (which comprises resistor 34 and chopper 36) which, as can be seen in FIG. 1, is connected across this capacitor.
  • an electric circuit breaker 60 applied in a conventional manner, is provided between the system and the DC power source.
  • a closed contactor 66 may represent a current collector in sliding contact with a wayside conductor.
  • the contactor 66 may be a pantograph for an overhead conductor or a spring biased shoe for contacting a third rail.
  • a current monitor 68 of a type well known in the art.
  • Monitor 68 generates a signal I I representative of the magnitude and frequency of current in the DC conductor 40.
  • the voltage at DC link conductor 40 is indicated by signal V L obtained through buffer resistor 76 connected to conductor 40.
  • the filter capacitors 54 and 56 can be discharged through discharge resistor 78 via discharge contactor 80. As shown in FIG. 4, and further described below, a voltage signal across each respective DC link capacitor may be monitored during respective discharge conditions to record the discharge time ⁇ of the DC link capacitor.
  • the recorded data may be accumulated and monitored over time, locally or remotely, to detect trends and/or shifts indicative of incipient faults in the DC link capacitor since the value of the time constant for discharging the capacitor from a known starting value to a predefined lesser value is directly proportional to the actual value of the capacitor.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a power conversion system including such an additional inverter and with third and fourth AC motors being connected to the set of the AC terminals on its motor side. Components common to those described above are designated by the same reference numerals plus 100.
  • the positive DC terminal 122 on the source side of the second inverter 120 is connected, via the conductor 40 of the DC link, to the line 17 of positive potential, and the relatively negative DC terminal 124 is connected, via a separate conductor 141 and the common conductor 42, to the other line 19 of the DC power source 12.
  • the AC terminals 126, 128, and 130 of the inverter 120 are respectively connected to three different phases of each of the AC motors 116 and 118.
  • a second DC link capacitor 154 individually associated with the inverter 120 is directly connected between the DC terminals 122 and 124, and a line capacitor 56 shared by both of the inverters 20 and 120 and both of the choppers 36 and 136 span the conductors 40 and 42 of the DC link capacitors 54 and 154 during the motoring mode of operation of the conversion system.
  • a second dynamic braking circuit comprising the series combination of another dynamic braking resistor 134 and a second electric power chopper 136, is connected between the DC link conductors 40 and 42 and hence across the line capacitor 56.
  • the two inverters 20 and 120 utilize the same series line-filter inductor 62 which is connected on the DC power source side of the capacitor 56 between the DC link conductor 40 and the line 17.
  • the two inverters 20 and 120 can be controlled by controller 70 which responds to alternative command signals from interlocked throttle and brake controllers 72 and 74, respectively.
  • the controller 70 also receives feedback signals representative of sensed values of voltage, current, and other selected variables in each of the inverters 20 and 120.
  • the controller 70 derives a train of suitably timed periodic signals that determine the repetitive on and off intervals of the choppers 36 and 136, and it varies the ratio of these intervals as desired. As suggested above, it is desirable to detect degradation and incipient faults of the DC link capacitors.
  • a processor system 200 may be coupled to the respective circuit made up of DC link capacitor 54 and discharge resistor 78 and to the circuit made up of DC link capacitor 154 and discharge resistor 178 to monitor and collect a voltage signal that would allow the processor to assess the condition of a respective DC link capacitor.
  • the monitored signal is indicative of an estimated capacitor value based on a first set of operating and environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature, locomotive- to-locomotive variation, discharge resistor variation, etc.
  • processor 200 may include a timer that allows for measuring, at times when the DC power supply, inverter and motors are inactive, the discharge time of the capacitor, or more specifically allows for measuring the amount of time it takes the monitored voltage signal to reach a predefined level from a known starting voltage level.
  • the predefined level may vary as a function of the starting voltage level.
  • processor system 200 may be installed on-board, that is, local relative to system 10, or could be installed at a remote diagnostics service center that would allow a service provider to monitor a fleet of locomotives using suitable diagnostic tools 216 that when run on the database of historical data of respective data link capacitors would allow a trend detection module 218 for detecting trends, such as shown in FIG. 5, or for detecting sudden shifts in the value of the respective DC link capacitor, such as shown in FIG. 6.
  • a fault prediction module 220 would allow for declaring an incipient fault condition in the DC link capacitor, if, for example, the trend in the historical values of the capacitors exceeds a predefined rate of change, or, if, for example, the shift in the capacitor value exceeds a predefined level.
  • the fault prediction module could be configured to provide based on the historical data, a probabilistic determination of when a DC link capacitor failure is likely to occur.
  • signal transmission from the locomotive to the diagnostics site could be implemented using a suitable transmitter 222 (FIG. 2) that may be part of a wireless data communication system (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 shows further details regarding processor system 200 that includes a signal monitor 202 that receives the voltage signal indicative of the estimated capacitor value based on the first set of operating and environmental conditions, that is, conditions affecting the capacitor being evaluated.
  • an adjuster module 204 may be optionally coupled to signal monitor 202 to adjust the monitored signal for deviations from a nominal capacitance value that may be based on a second set operating and environmental conditions to generate an adjusted capacitor value, that is, the second set of operating and environmental conditions may correspond to ideal operating and environmental conditions as opposed to the actual conditions being experienced by a given capacitor.
  • the adjusted capacitor value may be derived through suitable adjusting factors that may be analytically and/or experimentally derived by collecting actual data and/or simulation data that takes into account multiple scenarios of locomotive operation, and should preferably include a sufficiently large sample of locomotives and/or propulsion subsystems so as to statistically demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the correcting factors.
  • a submodule 206 in adjuster module 204 allows for retrieving and/or generating the respective adjusting factors.
  • a comparator module 208 may be coupled to signal monitor module 202 to receive the estimated capacitor value. In the event adjuster module 204 is used, then comparator module 208 may be coupled to adjuster module 204 to receive the adjusted capacitor value. In either case, comparator module 208 allows for comparing the value of the capacitor value against the nominal capacitor value to determine the condition of the respective DC link capacitor. As suggested above, the estimated value of the capacitor, as estimated by measuring its discharge time characteristics, may be adjusted for deviations due to the various external factors or may be the unadjusted estimated capacitor value.
  • a memory 210 may be used for storing a programmable look-up table (LUT) for storing a first range of capacitor values so that estimated capacitor values within that first range are indicative of acceptable DC link capacitor performance.
  • LUT programmable look-up table
  • Memory 210 may further be used for storing a second range of capacitor values so that estimated capacitor values within the second range are indicative of degraded DC link capacitor performance. Memory 210 may be further used to store the nominal capacitor value. It will be appreciated that the techniques of the present invention need not be limited to first and second ranges being that additional ranges may be employed if finer gradation is desired.
  • a status module 212 may be used for generating and issuing a signal indicative of a degraded DC link capacitor performance when the capacitor value is beyond the first range of stored capacitor values and within the second range of capacitor values, that is, a cautionary signal that could be analogized to a yellow light in a traffic light.
  • module 212 may be used for generating and issuing a signal indicative of unacceptable DC link capacitor performance when the capacitor value is outside the second range of capacitor values, that is, a warning signal that could be analogized to a red light in a traffic light that requires immediate action by the operator, such as performance reduction, scheduling a repair, or replacement of a given DC link capacitor.
  • capacitor values within about 16% of the adjusted nominal value of the capacitor may be considered normal values.
  • Capacitor values within about 33% to about 50% relative to the adjusted nominal value of the capacitor may result in degraded operation of the locomotive while capacitor values below 50% of the nominal value of the capacitor will result in locomotive shut down. It will be appreciated that the foregoing numerical ranges are merely illustrative of one exemplary embodiment and are not meant to restrict this aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary flow chart of one aspect of the method of the present invention for determining degradation in the condition of the DC link capacitors of the locomotive.
  • step 302 allows for monitoring a signal indicative of an estimated capacitor value.
  • Optional step 304 represented in a block drawn with dashed lines, allows for adjusting the value of the monitored signal for deviations from a nominal capacitor value due to predetermined external variables or conditions to generate an adjusted capacitor value.
  • Step 306 allows for comparing the value of the, adjusted or unadjusted, capacitor value against the nominal capacitor value to determine the condition of the respective DC link capacitor.
  • Step 308 allows for determining whether the estimated capacitor value is within the first range of capacitor values stored in the LUT.
  • step 310 allows for declaring that the respective DC link capacitor has acceptable performance and the process is ready to start another iteration through connecting node B. If in step 308 the answer is no, then through connecting node A, step 312 allows for determining whether the estimated capacitor value is within a second range of capacitor values stored in the LUT. If the answer is yes, then step 314 allows for declaring that the respective DC link capacitor has degraded. If the answer is no, then step 318, prior to return step 324, allows for determining whether the capacitor value is outside the second range of capacitor values stored in the LUT. If the answer is yes, then step 320 allows for declaring or indicating an unacceptable DC link capacitor performance. This indication will generally require suitable corrective action by the user.
  • step 316 allows for issuing the yellow cautionary signal, that is, a signal indicative of DC link capacitor degradation.
  • step 322 allows for issuing the high-level warning signal that could be analogized to a red light in a traffic light that requires immediate action by the operator.
  • the detection technique of the present invention can be conveniently "fine-tuned” or optimized by collecting actual locomotive or simulation data that allows for measuring the predicting accuracy of the detection algorithm by using well-understood statistical tools that enable to compute the probability that in fact an actual degradation condition will be detected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant de déterminer la dégradation d'un ou plusieurs condensateurs respectifs (par ex., 54, 154) dans une liaison à courant continu (CC) d'un système de convertisseur de puissance. Ce système comprend un dispositif de surveillance de signal (202) configuré pour surveiller des signaux respectifs indiquant une valeur de condensateur estimée sur la base d'un premier ensemble de conditions de fonctionnement et d'environnement. Une mémoire (210) est configurée pour stocker une valeur de condensateur nominale sur la base d'un second ensemble de conditions de fonctionnement et d'environnement. Une base de données (214) est configurée pour stocker la valeur de condensateur ajustée, pour produire des données historiques de la valeur de condensateur respective. Un module de diagnostics (216) est configuré pour exécuter des analyses des données historiques pour déterminer la présence de début de défauts dans le condensateur respectif de liaison à courant continu.
PCT/US2000/025651 2000-08-30 2000-09-19 Procede et systeme informatises permettant de determiner la degradation de condensateurs de liaison a courant continu WO2002018962A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002237013A AU2002237013A1 (en) 2000-08-30 2000-09-19 Computerized method and system for determining degradation of dc link capacitors
CA002387969A CA2387969A1 (fr) 2000-08-30 2000-09-19 Procede et systeme informatises permettant de determiner la degradation de condensateurs de liaison a courant continu

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65159500A 2000-08-30 2000-08-30
US09/651,595 2000-08-30

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WO2002018962A1 true WO2002018962A1 (fr) 2002-03-07

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013112538A1 (de) 2013-11-14 2015-05-21 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren und Wechselrichter zum Bestimmen von Kapazitätswerten von Kapazitäten einer Energieversorgungsanlage
US9470739B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2016-10-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc DC link capacitance measurement for electric vehicle drivetrain
US9651603B2 (en) 2013-12-19 2017-05-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Method and power converter for determining cell capacitor degradation in a converter cell
WO2021038297A1 (fr) * 2019-08-27 2021-03-04 Cochlear Limited Test de condensateur pour stimulateurs implantables
CN112782498A (zh) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-11 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 一种电容器的故障监测方法及装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020073198A1 (fr) 2018-10-09 2020-04-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Procédé et appareil de surveillance de circuit

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EP0501194A1 (fr) * 1991-02-26 1992-09-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour déterminer en avance le moment de la maintenance de détecteurs d'alarmes
US5561610A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-10-01 Caterpillar Inc. Method and apparatus for indicating a fault condition
US6035261A (en) * 1998-10-28 2000-03-07 International Business Machines Corporation Fault reporting in a redundant power converter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0501194A1 (fr) * 1991-02-26 1992-09-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour déterminer en avance le moment de la maintenance de détecteurs d'alarmes
US5561610A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-10-01 Caterpillar Inc. Method and apparatus for indicating a fault condition
US6035261A (en) * 1998-10-28 2000-03-07 International Business Machines Corporation Fault reporting in a redundant power converter

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9470739B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2016-10-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc DC link capacitance measurement for electric vehicle drivetrain
DE102013112538A1 (de) 2013-11-14 2015-05-21 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren und Wechselrichter zum Bestimmen von Kapazitätswerten von Kapazitäten einer Energieversorgungsanlage
WO2015071378A1 (fr) 2013-11-14 2015-05-21 Sma Solar Technology Ag Procédé et onduleur servant à déterminer des valeurs de capacités d'une installation d'alimentation en énergie
DE102013112538B4 (de) 2013-11-14 2018-04-05 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren und Wechselrichter zum Bestimmen von Kapazitätswerten von Kapazitäten einer Energieversorgungsanlage
US10148225B2 (en) 2013-11-14 2018-12-04 Sma Solar Technology Ag Method and inverter for determining capacitance values of capacitances of an energy supply system
US9651603B2 (en) 2013-12-19 2017-05-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Method and power converter for determining cell capacitor degradation in a converter cell
WO2021038297A1 (fr) * 2019-08-27 2021-03-04 Cochlear Limited Test de condensateur pour stimulateurs implantables
CN112782498A (zh) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-11 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 一种电容器的故障监测方法及装置

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CA2387969A1 (fr) 2002-03-07

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