WO2002016748A1 - Combustion apparatus - Google Patents
Combustion apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002016748A1 WO2002016748A1 PCT/GB2001/003752 GB0103752W WO0216748A1 WO 2002016748 A1 WO2002016748 A1 WO 2002016748A1 GB 0103752 W GB0103752 W GB 0103752W WO 0216748 A1 WO0216748 A1 WO 0216748A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- tube
- water
- combustion engine
- negative pressure
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008100 Brassica rapa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
- F02M25/0225—Water atomisers or mixers, e.g. using ultrasonic waves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to combustion apparatus and more particularly but not exclusively to combustion apparatus used with regard to vehicle combustion engines.
- combustion apparatus for a combustion engine, the apparatus comprising a sealed vessel with an air tube and an outlet tube, the sealed vessel arranged in use to receive water with the air tube having an open end below the water surface whilst the outlet tube is displaced above the water surface whereby a negative pressure differential is created above the water surface relative to the outlet tube to draw air through the air tube and out of the open end, this drawn air migrating as. bubbles to the water surface whereupon these bubbles release by catastrophic expansion water particles from the water, the water particles in use becoming entrained with the air flow drawn through the outlet tube by the negative pressure differential.
- the air tube incorporates a filter for the air drawn therethrough.
- This air filter may be a separate element or the air filter as used for air to be combined with fuel for presentation in a combustion engine.
- the air tube incorporates a regulator valve to alter the rate and volume of air drawn through the air tube.
- the regulator valve will incorporate a control mechanism whereby the rate of air drawn through the air tube is adjusted to engine speed and/or other operational factors.
- the air tube is arranged to be just below the water surface in order to limit bubble migration distance.
- the air tube and in particular the open end of the air tube is adjustable to remain just below the water surface.
- the air tube and/or open end is adjustable by use of a float mechanism or mechanical alteration in the air tube length.
- the outlet tube is made from a flexible material such as rubber in order to accommodate in use engine vibration.
- the outlet tube is connected to a combustion engine manifold whereby the negative pressure differential is created by the combustion engine inlet cycle stage.
- an air pump is attached to the combustion apparatus to create the negative pressure differential or supplement the negative pressure differential created by the combustion engine when insufficient to draw air through the air tube and so create water particles for entrainment with the air flow in use.
- the air pump is controlled to only create the negative pressure differential when the combustion engine is operational and may be altered for consistency with engine speed or other operational factors. Normally, the air pump will be connected to the alternator or other device associated with the combustion engine determinative of operation of that engine so that water particles are not presented unless the engine is operational.
- the sealed vessel has a domed top to facilitate drawn air flow through the outlet tube located at the apex of that domed top.
- the sealed vessel incorporates a filling tube by which water is received into the sealed vessel.
- the sealed vessel has a shaped bottom in order to maximise the depth of water relative to volume as the sealed vessel empties as a result of entrainment of water particles drawn through the outlet tube.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a combustion apparatus according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a sealed vessel according to the mvention-
- Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a combustion apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
- the apparatus comprises a sealed vessel 1, an air tube 2 and an outlet tube 3.
- the sealed vessel 1 is filled with a volume of water 4 through a filler tube 5.
- a water level 6 is created within the vessel 1.
- the air tube 2 has an open end 7 arranged to be below the water level 6.
- the air tube 2 is associated with a regulator valve 8 and an air filter 9,
- a regulator valve 8 and an air filter 9,
- air drawn through the air tube 2 is filtered of contaminants such as oil vapour and particulates by the air filter 9, whilst the valve 8 regulates the rate at which air can be drawn through the tube 2.
- the outlet pipe 3 is coupled to the vessel 1 at a displaced location above the water level 6.
- the outlet pipe 3 is also coupled at its other end to a combustion engine manifold or air filter inlet for that combustion engine.
- the whole combustion apparatus is generally located on a bracket assembly 10 secured to a bulk-head in a vehicle or other installation,
- a negative pressure differential is created between the water surface 6 and the output tube 3.
- air is drawn through the air tube 2 via the filter 9 and the valve 8 such that bubbles are created.
- bubbles migrate to the surface 6 and through catastrophic expansion at that surface 6 create a distribution of water particles in the space above the surface 6.
- the negative pressure differential relative to the output tube 3 then draws the air along with water particles through the tube 3 to the combustion engine manifold 11 which is associated with the air/fuel mix prior to combustion in the combustion engine.
- an appropriate gap is maintained between the surface 6 and the end of the tube 3 secured to the vessel 1. Typically, this gap should be at least 30mm.
- the level 6 is determined by the fill level in the filler tube 5 and so by appropriate configuration a necessary gap between the level 6 and the end of tube 3 can be achieved.
- the open end 7 of the air tube 2 generally has no nozzle or other constriction which may inhibit air flow through it.
- the end 7 is normally an open tube.
- the present invention depends upon a negative pressure differential in order to draw air through the tube 2.
- the negative pressure differential can be created by the inlet stage of a typical combustion engine cycle.
- the available volume increases in order to draw air/fuel mix and air entrained with water particles from the present combustion apparatus.
- an air pump (not shown) is provided to create the necessary negative pressure differential to stimulate drawing of air through the tube 2. It has been found that a negative pressure differential in the order of 0.2 Bar is sufficient to create the water particles necessary to affect combustion efficiency.
- the rate at which air must be drawn through the tube 2 in order to satisfy the requirements of a combustion engine is dependent to a significant extent upon operating conditions including engine speed.
- an air pump associated with a combustion apparatus will be used to adjust the negative pressure differential when required to stimulate the necessary air flow.
- the regulator valve 8 may be adjusted similarly to adjust air flow through the tube 2.
- the air pump and/or the valve 8 can be associated with a controller device which adjusts air flow rate through the tube 2 dependent upon combustion engine operating conditions, e.g., engine speed.
- the bore dimensions of the air tube 2 and the outlet tube 3 will be chosen for a particular combustion engine type, capacity and configuration. However, generally the smaller the engine the smaller bore dimensions for the tube 2 and outlet tube 3.
- the air tube 2 will generally have a diameter of 4- 6mm and preferably 6mm whilst the outlet tube 3 at its junction with the container 1 will have a diameter in the range 6- 10mm and preferably 6mm.
- the container 1 is filled with tap water as the trace contaminates in such tap water facilitate catalytic action in the combustion process.
- tap water as the trace contaminates in such tap water facilitate catalytic action in the combustion process.
- the draw or suction created by an engine inlet manifold is sufficiently high to stop coalescence of the water droplets.
- the outlet pipe 3 is generally made from flexible material such as rubber which avoids sharp kinks and bends along with absorbing engine vibration.
- the container 1 must be filled with water on a regular basis. Typically, the container 1 will require daily top up of water content. A sensor or indicator may be provided to show low water volume in the container 1. It will be understood that water is a relatively heavy liquid and so only a practical volume of water should be carried otherwise the benefits of improved fuel consumption will be significantly diminished due to the additional weight of water carried.
- the container 1 is filled through a filler tube 5 to a desired level. This filler tube 5 can take the form as indicated in Fig. 1 of a side arm to the container 1. Alternatively, a spiral input tube to the container 1 may be provided such that the spiral tubing acts as additional water storage volume prior to filling the container 1.
- the container 1 may have a tapered bottom whereby a greater water depth may be maintained for a given volume of water within the container 1.
- the end 7 is preferably located as shown in Fig. 2 near the surface 6 of the water 4. Such that its location reduces the magnitude of the negative pressure differential required to draw air through the tube 2 and out of the end 7 to create bubbles 11. Furthermore, with the end 7 near to the surface 6 of the water 4, the bubbles 11 generally approach the surface 6 with less speed such that the bubble when subjected to catastrophic expansion at the surface 6 provides a better water particle distribution for entrainment with the air drawn through the outlet tube 3.
- a catastrophically expanding bubble 11a is show in Fig, 2.
- Water particles 12 are projected into the space above the surface 6 and some are entrained with the air flow caused by the negative pressure differential through the outlet tube 3. Generally, most of the water particles 12 and in particular the larger dimension water particles will fall back into the bulk of water 4. There is a degree of water adjustment in the present combustion apparatus in that with higher engine speeds generally the negative pressure differential will be greater and so air flow rate increased so that more water particles 12 will be entrained in rough proportion to the desired ratio of 1 water particle to 24,000 fuel parts.
- the air tube 2 may incorporate a telescopic feature whereby the position of the end 7 is adjusted in accordance with surface 6 level
- This telescopic level of the air tube 2 may be mechanically driven or the end 7 could incorporate a float such that it rises and falls with the surface 6. It will also be understood that the position of the end 7 relative to the surface 6 defines the negative pressure differential which is required to draw air through the tube 2 in order to form bubbles 11.
- the atmospheric pressure of the air presented through the filter 9 and regulator valve 8 gradually pushes the water held in the end 7 of the tube 2 until air is released as the bubble 11 and equilibrium returns, ⁇ n such circumstances, the greater the depth of end 7 below the surface 6 the greater the volume of water that must be displaced by atmospheric pressure in order to create a bubble 11.
- each air tube 2 will present through an end 7 air bubbles which create water particles for entrainment with the air flow 2 for the combustion engine.
- the rate of bubble creation should be consistent to provide the desired water/fuel ratio as described previously (i.e., 1 to 24,000).
- each cylinder of the combustion engine or desired combinations of cylinders may have their own combustion apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
- respective outlet tubes 3 may be connected to particular combustion engine cylinders or several outlet tubes from respective containers 1 may be coupled to the inlet manifold or air fuel air input as required.
- These respective combustion apparatus and/or air tubes 2 could have their own air filter and regulator valve 8 or share a common air filter 9 and regulator valve 8.
- the water 4 In order to properly regulate water particle distribution the water 4 will generally be held in a placid rather than in an agitated state whereby the surface 6 will not effectively "boil” due to agitated and turbulence and so release water particles other than through catastrophic expansion of bubbles 11 created by drawn air through the tube 2. Furthermore, the water temperature will be prevented from approaching boiling temperature in order again to prevent evaporation altering significantly the water moisture content drawn through the tube 3 to the combustion engine. Clearly, there will be some warming of the water 4 due to its location near to a hot operational combustion engine but the water temperature will remain significantly less than 100°C particularly when the container 1 is located in an air flow due to vehicle motion.
- container 1 By providing the container 1 with a domed top it will be appreciated that the suck effect of the negative pressure differential through the tube 3 is effectively maximised.
- container I shapes may be used including spherical, pyramid and diamond.
- the outlet tube may be coupled to the engine manifold or to the engine air flow, after the filter for that flow, used for the air/fuel combination process of the combustion engine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU79979/01A AU7997901A (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-08-21 | Combustion apparatus |
EP01958255A EP1311753A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-08-21 | Combustion apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0020760.5A GB0020760D0 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2000-08-24 | W.I.Type 1 |
GB0020760.5 | 2000-08-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002016748A1 true WO2002016748A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
Family
ID=9898139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2001/003752 WO2002016748A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2001-08-21 | Combustion apparatus |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1311753A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7997901A (en) |
GB (1) | GB0020760D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002016748A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB800508A (en) * | 1955-06-11 | 1958-08-27 | Hygrotechnique Soc | Improvements in devices for humidifying the intake air of combustion engines |
DE2313705A1 (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1974-10-03 | Heinz Baur | DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBUSTION MACHINES |
US3875922A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1975-04-08 | Jr Frank Kirmss | Vapor injection system |
GB1395418A (en) * | 1972-07-24 | 1975-05-29 | Gilewski F A | Pollution rectifier |
US4016837A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1977-04-12 | Wentworth Fred Albert Jr | Vapor intake system for internal combustion engines |
US4141323A (en) * | 1974-02-07 | 1979-02-27 | Hart Radford H | Water vapor injection system |
WO1982004463A1 (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-23 | Ove Yngve Leonard Wellfelt | Method and means for supplying a combustion-promoting liquid medium into the suction line of an internal combustion engine |
US4376739A (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1983-03-15 | Passey Jr John R | Heated air bleed idle needle |
-
2000
- 2000-08-24 GB GBGB0020760.5A patent/GB0020760D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-08-21 AU AU79979/01A patent/AU7997901A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-21 WO PCT/GB2001/003752 patent/WO2002016748A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-21 EP EP01958255A patent/EP1311753A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB800508A (en) * | 1955-06-11 | 1958-08-27 | Hygrotechnique Soc | Improvements in devices for humidifying the intake air of combustion engines |
GB1395418A (en) * | 1972-07-24 | 1975-05-29 | Gilewski F A | Pollution rectifier |
DE2313705A1 (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1974-10-03 | Heinz Baur | DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBUSTION MACHINES |
US3875922A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1975-04-08 | Jr Frank Kirmss | Vapor injection system |
US4016837A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1977-04-12 | Wentworth Fred Albert Jr | Vapor intake system for internal combustion engines |
US4141323A (en) * | 1974-02-07 | 1979-02-27 | Hart Radford H | Water vapor injection system |
WO1982004463A1 (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-23 | Ove Yngve Leonard Wellfelt | Method and means for supplying a combustion-promoting liquid medium into the suction line of an internal combustion engine |
US4376739A (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1983-03-15 | Passey Jr John R | Heated air bleed idle needle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7997901A (en) | 2002-03-04 |
EP1311753A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
GB0020760D0 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
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