WO2002014797A1 - Self-normalizing flow sensor and method for the same - Google Patents
Self-normalizing flow sensor and method for the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002014797A1 WO2002014797A1 PCT/US2001/000708 US0100708W WO0214797A1 WO 2002014797 A1 WO2002014797 A1 WO 2002014797A1 US 0100708 W US0100708 W US 0100708W WO 0214797 A1 WO0214797 A1 WO 0214797A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- dither
- fluid
- flow rate
- channel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F5/00—Measuring a proportion of the volume flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6842—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow with means for influencing the fluid flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/696—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters
- G01F1/6965—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters comprising means to store calibration data for flow signal calculation or correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
- G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to flow sensors and, more particularly, to self-
- flow control is an inherent aspect of proper operation which is achieved in part by using flow sensors to measure
- the N 2 gas may at times be replaced by
- the composition of the natural gas may change due to non-uniform concentration
- flow sensors Without recalibration, the flow sensor could produce accurate flow rate measurements for one fluid but not another.
- flow sensors are calibrated upon their initial operation and, as such, are calibrated to compute accurate flow rate values only for fluids with a particular,
- manufactures perform calibration tests and obtain data for use in making
- This process essentially re-initializes a flow sensor for a new fluid.
- thermal sensor to measure the specific heat and thermal conductivity properties of a fluid
- calibrated flow signal can be produced.
- the calibration correction factor, Cy is related to the calibrated flow rate by the
- V c V u /Cy, where V u is the uncalibrated flow rate measured by a flow
- V c is the calibrated flow rate.
- correction factor is not dependent of the flow rate, and only depends on the chemical composition and properties of the fluid, primarily the thermal conductivity and
- the flow sensor measuring the uncalibrated flow rate is typically a thermal
- anemometer which measures the difference in temperature between upstream and
- downstream sensing elements by measuring the differences in resistance between each sensor.
- composition of the fluid may change naturally from minute to minute
- the present invention is directed to a flow sensor which can be self-normalized to
- the apparatus comprises a
- the normalizing flow sensor measures a
- the moveable member is disposed for producing the
- the dither flow rate is substantially independent of the flow rate in the main
- a self-normalizing flow sensor In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a self-normalizing flow sensor
- the apparatus comprises a main flow sensor, a normalization flow sensor, and a moveable
- the main flow sensor measures the flow rate of the fluid in the main flow channel.
- the normalization flow sensor measures a dither flow rate of the fluid in response to a dither flow of the fluid.
- a dither flow rate of the dither flow is substantially independent of the flow
- the moveable member is disposed for
- a normalizing flow sensor In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a normalizing flow sensor
- the normalizing flow sensor measures
- a method of measuring a chemical component in a fluid flowing in a flow system comprises the following steps: receiving a
- the method comprising the flowing steps: receiving a portion of said
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the general concept of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the exterior of a flow sensor normalizing
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional top view of the flow channel section of FIG. 2 (c ⁇ tialong;3
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional bottom view of the dither channel section of FIGJ2 (out . along 4 and looking in the direction of the arrows) showing a dither membrane in a di'fher
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the flow sensor normalizing apparatus! of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an expanded and detailed view of an exemplary actuator that reciprocally
- FIG. 7 is an exemplary block diagram of the control circuitry of FIG. 1 which
- FIG. 8 is a graph of the calibration correction factor, Cy, measured by the normalizing
- FIG. 9 is a graph of the measured G values for the main flow sensor and the normalizing flow sensor for a flow rate at standard temperature and pressure.
- FIG. 10 is a graph of the computed G RMS as a function of drive frequency for fluids of
- FIG. 11 is a graph of the purge times of the apparatus of FIG. 2 at two flow rates with
- FIG. 12 is a graph of the uncalibrated flow rates measured by the flow sensor for
- G ca ⁇ Cy, measured by the normalizing sensor for the same fluids. . _ > . ' • - ⁇ ,- ⁇ : ; i • v , . : ⁇ ⁇ • • > , ,- ⁇ •
- FIG. 13 is side view of an alternative three sensor embodiment in which a dither flow
- perturbation is measured from a flow sensor disposed upstream of a main flow sensor and another sensordisposed downstream of the main flow sensor.
- FIG. 14 is a graph of measured properties of a fluid, including Cy values, as a function of mole concentration of methanol vapor in -water vapor.
- FIG. 15 is a graph of measured properties of a fluid, including C v values, as a function of mole concentration of ethane in methane gas.
- Cy for normalizing the measured flow rate of a main flow sensor 32 is provided in FIG. 1.
- properties of a fluid such as the concentration of a chemical composition in a binary mixture fluid, or "higher value” properties (compressibility factor, density, viscosity, heating value, oxygen demand, octane number, and cetane number).
- concentration of a chemical composition in a binary mixture fluid or "higher value” properties (compressibility factor, density, viscosity, heating value, oxygen demand, octane number, and cetane number).
- the first self-normalizing flow sensor device 30 of FIG. 1 is a general depiction of an
- the first self-normalizing flow sensor device 30 includes a
- main flow channel 34 through which a fluid, gaseous or liquid, will travel.
- channel 34 is compatible for use with existing flow systems, and as such is shaped in a
- the main flow channel 34 can be of varying size, that is of smaller or
- flow channel 34 can be terminated with inlet and outlet mounts, such as threadable
- the preferred direction of fluid flow in the flow channel 34 is shown by arrows.
- the first self-normalizing flow sensor device 30 determines a calibrated
- sensor 32 can be one of numerous types of flow sensors, such as optical flow sensors, orifice-
- microbridge flow sensor such as the AWM43300 made by the Micro Switch Division of
- thermal anemometer is also inexpensive.
- the flow sensor 32 is exemplarily shown connected to control circuitry 36 via an electrical connection 38 which may comprise multiple leads, as shown by example in FIG. 2.
- the first self-normalizing flow sensor device 30 also comprises a normalizing flow
- normalizing flow sensor 40 can take any number of forms, including those listed above with
- the flow sensor 32 is preferably a microbridge flow sensor.
- the flow sensor 32 is preferably a microbridge flow sensor.
- main flow sensor 32 is identical to the normalizing flow sensor 40.
- the signal measured by the main flow sensor 32 is identical to the normalizing flow sensor 40.
- the normalizing flow sensor 40 is used to calibrate the signal measured by the flow sensor 32.
- the dither chamber 42 defines a dither sensing channel 46 to which the normalizing flow
- compositional, temperature, or pressure gradients exist between the two channels.
- the normalizing flow sensor 40 is used to normalize the measurements of the flow sensor 32,
- the normalizing flow sensor 40 must measure the same fluid that is being measured by the
- thermophysical flow sensor 32 i.e., a fluid of identical thermophysical properties.
- An optional exchange wall i.e., a fluid of identical thermophysical properties.
- Cy which is related to physical properties, such as density
- V c V u /Cy, where V u is the uncalibrated flow rate and V c is the calibrated flow rate.
- sensing channel 46 should be such that what is measured by the normalizing flow sensor 40 is
- a dither membrane 50 is
- dither chamber 42 defines the sensing channel 46, and the dither membrane 50 displaces a
- membrane 50 is of constant magnitude and repeating, i.e., the displaced volume or mass is
- Fluid composition refers to
- the invention is a heretofore non-exist apparatus for creating a positive displacement flow sensor device from a non-positive displacement flow sensor combined with a dither
- a driver 52 drives the dither membrane 50.
- the driver 52 may be a momentum driven
- the actuator 53 is preferably an earphone
- speaker 54 (See FIG. 6) driven by an sinusoidal or triangular wave input signal that produces
- the peak-to-peak displacement of the reciprocating membrane 50 can occur over a wide range so long as it is constant and substantially independent of the factors identified above.
- restrictors 60a, 60b are placed in the flow channel 34 upstream and downstream of the flow
- FIG. 2 The exterior of a second self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 is shown in FIG. 2.
- the second self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 differs principally from that of FIG. 1 in
- the second self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 is shown formed of two sections, a flow channel section 66 and a dither channel section 68. This multiple section
- second self-normahzing flow sensor device 62 could be formed of a single section or multiple
- a flow tube 70 also provided with honeycomb flow straighteners, defines the flow
- the input lead 78 can supply +10 V to the heater for raising it to the
- the bleed valve 72 is optional, though preferred.
- the bleed valve 72 is a small rod
- bleed hole 82 or purge hole, in the dither chamber 42 (FIG. 4).
- FIG. 3 A cross-sectional view of the section 66 is shown in FIG. 3.
- O-rings 88a, 88b maintain a substantially air-tight, affixed
- the operation of the flow sensor 32 in this bypass configuration is similar to that of FIG. 1, in that both measure the flow rate of a portion of the fluid flowing past a flow sensor.
- the bypass configuration is useful, however, because it reduces the likelihood of the flow
- the second self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 for
- the dither sensing channel 46 are shown in phantom and can meet the flow channel 34 at O-
- 90a acts as a port, via flow segments extending perpendicularly from FIG. 3, to the same
- FIG. 4 which in turn leads to the sensing channel 46.
- a portion of the fluid in the flow channel 34 diffuses into the sensing channel 46 via inlet 90a, through a zero-sum exchange.
- the bleed outlet 90b is similarly disposed as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and also connects to the sensing channel 46.
- the bleed outlet 90b differs, however, from that of the
- the ports 90a, 90b define the dither channel 46 housing the
- the bleed hole 82 purges the dither chamber 42 to the flow
- dither sensing channel 46 is a completely dead-end cavity.
- the dither membrane 50 is disposed at one end of the actuator 53, which is operated via two leads 94, 96 connecting to the actuator I/O connector 74.
- the two leads 94, 96 could be connected to an AC signal source for driving the membrane at frequencies between 10 to
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of both the section 66 and the section 68 when
- FIG. 5 is orthogonal to the views of FIGS. 3 and 4.
- a circular steel diaphragm 98 of the ea ⁇ hone speaker 54 acts as
- the two leads 94, 96 extend from the actuator I/O connector 74
- the diaphragm 98 and thus the membrane 50, can be driven over a wide range of frequencies. However, in this preferred embodiment that range extends below the resonance, or eigen, frequencies of the membrane, magnets, and other speaker
- diaphragm 50 of FIGS. 4 or 5 are connected via channels 46 to the normalizing flow sensor
- FIG. 7 An exemplary block diagram of the control circuitry 36 is provided in FIG. 7. The
- flow sensor 32 is connected to an A D converter block 120 which receives an analog signal
- the correction factor is derived from the output
- the synchronous demodulator block 126 demodulates the AC signal from
- the normalizing flow sensor 40 by amplifying a modulation frequency equal to the actuator drive frequency output by an electronic actuator driver 128, thus reducing the bandwidth of
- the demodulator block 126 outputs an RMS signal to the A/D
- the electronic actuator driver block 128 functions as an electronic signal generator, providing a constant frequency and constant voltage output to the actuator 53
- the microprocessor block 122 is programmed to compute the normalized flow rate
- the control circuitry 36 may exist in a single controller connected to the second
- self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 or may be implemented by multiple controllers individually connected together and any number of these controllers could be inco ⁇ orated into the second self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 through known manufacturing
- the control circuitry 36 can output the calibrated flow rate to an RS232 port for
- control circuitry 36 can be slightly
- the demodulator 126 to the A D converter 120 could be sent directly to a Wheatstone bridge
- the Wheatstone bridge being used to measure the resistance
- the A/D converter 120 would convert the received analog
- the second self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 functions or on-line flow.
- on-line In the on-line
- the dither membrane 50 and normalizing flow sensor 40 are used to compute the
- the correction factor, Cy is equal to either the peak-to-peak square -
- FIG. 8 Exemplary ranges of linearity and non-linearity are shown in FIG. 8, which also shows the
- the G measured as a function of the standard flow rate, Vs (L/h), of a N 2 gas at
- microbridge flow sensors Furthermore, three honeycomb flow straighteners of 1/8" cell size were disposed in the flow channel 34.
- the bleed hole 82 had an inner diameter of .25 mm.
- open position on the flow rate of the fluid in the sensing channel 46 is negligible except below about 10 L/h and above about 600 L/h of flow in the main channel.
- the input wave forms to the actuator 53 and the corresponding normalizing flow
- sensor 40 were sinusoidal wave forms of between approximately 10 Hz to 850 Hz. Though a
- triangular wave can be used to drive the actuator 53, it was found that a sinusoid wave form
- FIG. 10 shows a similar range of linearity for propane.
- FIG. 10 shows the G RMS output of the nonnalizing flow sensor 40 as a function of the
- response times for changes in gaseous fluid composition as the second self-normalizing flow sensor device 62 was switched from measuring He to N 2 and C 3 H 8 to He were measured. Response times of approximately 60 seconds to 100 seconds were measured. During these
- the bleed hole 82 is preferably left in the open position
- FIG. 12 is similar to FIG. 9 except that it shows measurements of both the flow sensor
- FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in which a three sensor
- the flow sensor 32 is disposed to measure the flow rate ofa fluid traveling in the flow channel 34.
- the flow sensor 32 is disposed to measure the flow rate of a fluid traveling in the flow channel 34.
- flow sensor 32 is disposed within the flow channel 34 and not in a bypass channel.
- the dither membrane 50 is in the dither sensing channel 46.
- downstream flow sensor 152 are positioned within the flow channel 34. Both flow sensors
- control circuitry 154 which calibrates the measurement of the flow sensor 32 by determining
- the measured Cy value can also be used to
- composition of mixtures primarily binary mixtures at an affordable cost.
- properties are properties such as compressibility factor, density, viscosity, heating value,
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NZ520411A NZ520411A (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-01-09 | Self-normalizing flow sensor and method for the same |
AU26379/01A AU773865B2 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-01-09 | Self-normalizing flow sensor and method for the same |
EP01900975A EP1247077A1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-01-09 | Self-normalizing flow sensor and method for the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/482,441 US6308553B1 (en) | 1999-06-04 | 2000-01-10 | Self-normalizing flow sensor and method for the same |
US09/482,441 | 2000-01-10 |
Publications (1)
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WO2002014797A1 true WO2002014797A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
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ID=23916083
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PCT/US2001/000708 WO2002014797A1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-01-09 | Self-normalizing flow sensor and method for the same |
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US (3) | US6308553B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1247077A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU773865B2 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ520411A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002014797A1 (en) |
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- 2001-01-09 NZ NZ520411A patent/NZ520411A/en unknown
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- 2001-01-09 AU AU26379/01A patent/AU773865B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-21 US US09/886,333 patent/US6553808B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US20030106380A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
US6553808B2 (en) | 2003-04-29 |
US20010029777A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
US6715339B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 |
NZ520411A (en) | 2003-11-28 |
EP1247077A1 (en) | 2002-10-09 |
AU2637901A (en) | 2002-02-25 |
US6308553B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
AU773865B2 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
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