WO2002014606A2 - Tissu mou hautement resistant - Google Patents

Tissu mou hautement resistant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002014606A2
WO2002014606A2 PCT/US2001/025738 US0125738W WO0214606A2 WO 2002014606 A2 WO2002014606 A2 WO 2002014606A2 US 0125738 W US0125738 W US 0125738W WO 0214606 A2 WO0214606 A2 WO 0214606A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibers
soft tissue
average length
fibrous material
softening agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/025738
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002014606A3 (fr
Inventor
Patrick P. Chen
Wen Z. Schroeder
Pau-Lin Pawar
Original Assignee
Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. filed Critical Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
Priority to AU8500501A priority Critical patent/AU8500501A/xx
Priority to EP01964115A priority patent/EP1311726A2/fr
Priority to CA002419139A priority patent/CA2419139A1/fr
Priority to AU2001285005A priority patent/AU2001285005B2/en
Priority to MXPA03001479A priority patent/MXPA03001479A/es
Publication of WO2002014606A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002014606A2/fr
Publication of WO2002014606A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002014606A3/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/22—Agents rendering paper porous, absorbent or bulky
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply

Definitions

  • Absorbent paper products such as paper towels, facial tissues and other similar products are designed to include several important properties.
  • the products should have good bulk, a soft feel and should be highly absorbent.
  • the product should also have good strength, even when wet, and should resist tearing.
  • it is very difficult to produce a high strength paper product that is also soft.
  • steps are taken to increase one property of the product, other characteristics of the product are adversely affected.
  • strength is typically increased by the addition of certain strength or bonding agents to the product.
  • the strength of the tissue product is increased by such bonding agents, the resulting tissue product is generally not soft.
  • various softening agents can be applied to the tissue product to reduce fiber bonding within the paper product and thereby increase softness.
  • the strength of the tissue product is also significantly reduced.
  • softening agents often cause excessive "debonding" and compete with conventional strength agents for bonding sites.
  • most tissues can only accommodate limited amounts of a softening agent.
  • the softening agent can nevertheless result in a much weaker tissue product due to the displacement of some of the bonding agent from the bonding sites. This weaker tissue product can exhibit substantial amounts of lint and slough production.
  • the present invention is directed to providing a tissue made from a multi-layered paper web having two outer layers.
  • the outer layer(s) can be made from a variety of fibrous materials.
  • various cellulosic fibers such as softwood fibers, hardwood fibers, etc., can be utilized in the outer layer(s).
  • the outer layer(s) are configured to have an increased number of bonding sites to accommodate sufficient amounts of more than one additive.
  • a bonding site generally refers to various substituents located on a fiber, such as hydroxy groups, that are capable of bonding to an additive.
  • the outer layer(s) contains some high-average length fibers (i.e., generally greater than about 1.2 mm) that are fibrillated. Fibrillation can provide an increase in the surface area of a fiber, thereby providing an increased number of sites for bonding to an additive, such as a bonding or softening agent.
  • the high-average length fibers are fibrillated to an extent such that the resulting fibers have a Canadian Standard Freeness (“CSF”) (TAPPI T227m-58) between about 400 to about 800, and more particularly, between about 500 CSF to about 700 CSF.
  • CSF Canadian Standard Freeness
  • the outer layer(s) can also contain a blend of high-average length fibers (fibrillated or un-fibrillated) and low-average length fibers (i.e., generally less than about 1.2 mm). Similar to fibrillation, a blend of differently sized fibers can also provide an increased number of bonding sites in accordance with the present invention. When utilized, low-average length fibers can generally be incorporated into the outer layer(s) in any desired amount. Typically, a fiber blend used in an outer layer of the present invention contains about 50% to about 95% by weight of low-average length fibers, and more particularly between about 60% to about 90%.
  • a tissue of the present invention can be applied with higher levels of a softening agent without adversely affecting the strength of the tissue and without causing substantial lint and slough production.
  • the term "slough” generally refers to the wearing away of any part of the tissue by rubbing the tissue against a surface.
  • a tissue made according to the present invention can be applied with a softening agent in an amount from about 1 kilogram per metric ton of fiber weight (kg/MT) to about 60 kg per metric ton of fiber weight, and more particularly between about 10 kg/MT to about 35 kg/MT, without resulting in substantial lint or slough.
  • the tissue can retain at least about 75% of the softening agent, and more particularly between about 80% to about 96% of the softening agent, without having substantial increases in slough or lint production.
  • a tissue of the present invention can generally be formed according to a variety of papermaking processes known in the art.
  • any process capable of forming a multi-layered paper web can be utilized in the present invention.
  • a papermaking process of the present invention can utilize creping, embossing, wet-pressing, through- drying, through-dry creping, uncreped through-drying, double creping, as well as other steps in forming the multi-layered paper web.
  • Figure 1 is a graphical representation of geometric tensile strength (GMT) versus the add-on level of a softening agent for various embodiments of the present invention in which the paper web comprises fibers that have been fibrillated for 0 minutes, 6 minutes, and 12 minutes; and
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of geometric tensile strength (GMT) versus the add-on level of a softening agent for various embodiments of the present invention in which the paper web comprises a blend of eucalyptus fibers and "Longlac-19" fibers.
  • GMT geometric tensile strength
  • the outer layer(s) can have an increased number of bonding sites.
  • a tissue of the present invention can not only exhibit improved softness, but also retain adequate strength when either dry or wet.
  • the tissues can retain adequate strength, they generally have low slough and do not produce a substantial amount of lint when used.
  • tissues made according to the present invention can generally be formed in a variety of ways.
  • the tissue can be formed into a single or multi-ply tissue, so long as the tissue contains more than one layer.
  • a single ply tissue can be formed from one multi-layered paper web.
  • a three-ply tissue can be formed from three single or multi-layered paper webs that are adhesively attached to each other.
  • the basis weight of a tissue made according to the present invention is from about 10 grams per square meter to about 50 grams per square meter.
  • the tissue When forming a tissue of the present invention, it is typically desired that the tissue have at least three layers.
  • the tissue can include two outer layers surrounding an inner layer.
  • a tissue of the present invention need not comprise three layers. In fact, any number of layers can be utilized as long as the resulting tissue has at least two outer layers.
  • a tissue of the present invention typically includes two outer layers that surround at least one inner layer.
  • an outer and/or inner layer of the tissue can be formed from any of a variety of materials. In particular, a variety of natural and/or synthetic fibers can be used.
  • some suitable natural fibers can include, but are not to, nonwoody fibers, such as abaca, sabai grass, milkweed floss fibers, pineapple leaf fibers; softwood fibers, such as northern and southern softwood kraft fibers; hardwood fibers, such as eucalyptus, maple, birch, aspen, and the like.
  • furnishes including recycled fibers may also be utilized.
  • some suitable synthetic fibers can include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic synthetic fibers, such as rayon fibers and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer fibers, as well as hydrophobic synthetic fibers, such as polyolefin fibers.
  • an outer and/or inner layer of the present invention can contain fibers having a "high-average length".
  • the phrase "high-average length” generally refers to fibers having an average fiber length greater than about 1.2 mm, and usually from about 1.5 mm to about 6 mm.
  • suitable pulps include southern pines, northern softwood kraft pulps, red cedar, hemlock, black spruce, and mixtures thereof.
  • Exemplary commercially available long pulp fibers suitable for the present invention include those available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation under the trade designations "Longlac- 19,” “Coosa River-54,” “Coosa River-56” and “Coosa River-57”.
  • northern softwood kraft fibers can be used to form the inner layer.
  • Northern softwood kraft fibers typically have a fiber length of about 1.8 mm to about 2.5 mm.
  • fibers having a "low-average length” can also be utilized in an inner and/or outer layer of the present invention.
  • the phrase "low-average fiber length" refers to fibers having an average fiber length of less than about 1.2 mm, usually from about 0.7 mm to about 1.2 mm.
  • Examples of low-average length fibers can include certain grades of virgin hardwood pulp and secondary (i.e., recycled) fiber pulp from sources such as, for example, newsprint, reclaimed paperboard, and office waste.
  • fibers having a low-average length suitable for use in the present invention are hardwood fibers, such as eucalyptus fibers, which generally average from about 0.8 mm to about 1.2 mm in length.
  • a layer of the present invention can be imparted with certain beneficial properties.
  • low-average length fibers can provide uniform formation, increased softness, enhanced brightness, as well as increased opacity.
  • low-average length fibers, such as eucalyptus fibers can also change the pore structure of the paper, thereby greatly increasing the wicking ability of the paper web.
  • various bonding agents e.g., wet- strength or dry strength agents
  • Particular bonding agents that may be used include latex compositions, such as acrylates, vinyl acetates, vinyl chlorides, and methacrylates.
  • the bonding agent used in the present invention comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer can be cross-linked with N-methyl acrylamide groups using an acid catalyst. Suitable acid catalysts include ammonium chloride, citric acid, and maleic acid.
  • the bonding agent is generally applied to a layer such that it does not cover the entire layer. In particular, because the bonding agents can adversely affect the absorbency of a paper web, it is generally desired to minimize the amount of bonding agent applied.
  • the bonding agent is normally applied to each side of a paper layer so as to cover from about 30% to about 60% of the surface area of the web. More particularly, in most applications, the bonding agent will cover from about 40% to about 50% of the surface area of each side of a layer.
  • the total amount of bonding agent applied to each side of a layer is typically in the range of from about 4% to about 7% by weight, based upon the total weight of the layer. In other words, the bonding agent is applied to each side of the web at an add on rate of about 2% to about 3.5% by weight. At these amounts, the bonding agent can penetrate the paper layer from about 25% to about 40% of the total thickness of the web. In most applications, the bonding agent should not penetrate over 50% of the layer but should at least penetrate from about 10% to about 15% of the thickness of the layer.
  • the bonding agent can be applied to a layer in a preselected pattern.
  • the bonding agent can be applied in a reticular pattern, such that the pattern is interconnected forming a net-like design on the surface.
  • the bonding agent can be applied to the web in a pattern that represents a succession of boat-shaped dots. Applying the bonding agent in discrete shapes, such as dots, may provide sufficient strength to the layer without covering a substantial portion of the surface area.
  • the pattern applied to each side of the layer is compressed such that the dots are small and are arranged close together.
  • bonding agents can vastly improve some properties of the tissue, they can also have an adverse affect on other properties. For instance, bonding agents can significantly improve strength and tear resistance, but can undesirably decrease the softness of the tissue.
  • a tissue of the present invention can be treated with a chemical debonding or "softening" agent to impart a "soft feel" to the tissue product.
  • Some softening agents are also believed to act as lubricants or friction reducers.
  • a softening agent can be added to the fiber slurry during the pulping process or can be added directly into the head box.
  • a softening agent can also be applied at other stages of the wet-end of a papermaking process or applied directly onto the outer layer(s) of a dried tissue sheet.
  • discrete surface deposits of the softening agent can be applied to the tissue, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,814,188 to Vinson, et al..
  • any material having an affinity to fibers and that is capable of enhancing the soft feel of a tissue product can generally be used as a softening agent in the present invention.
  • the softening agents of the present invention can be cationic, amphoteric, and can be a variety of combinations thereof, to facilitate bonding to the fibers of a tissue layer.
  • various non-ionic softening agents can also be utilized, particularly when used in conjunction with cationic and/or amphoteric softening agents.
  • suitable softening agents can include, but are not limited to, quaternary ammonium compounds, imidazolinium compounds, bis-imidazolinium compounds, diquaternary ammonium compounds, polyquaternary ammonium compounds, phospholipid deriviatives, polydimethylsiloxanes and related cationic and non-ionic silicone compounds, fatty & carboxylic acid derivatives, mono- and polysaccharide derivatives, polyhydroxy hydrocarbons, etc.
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds having the following basic structure:
  • R1 can be hydrogen, C1 - C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • R2, R3, R4 can be the same or different, any linear or branched, saturated or unsasturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length;
  • X halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate, or other compatible counterion;
  • R1 , R2 can be the same or different, hydrogen, C1 - C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl; or R1 can be hydrogen, C1 - C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl;
  • R2 can be benzyl or epoxy
  • R3, R4 can be the same or different, any linear or branched, saturated or unsasturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length; or
  • X halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate, or other compatible counterion;
  • R1 , R2, R3 can be the same or different, hydrogen, C1 - C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl;
  • R4 can be any linear or branched, saturated or unsasturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length;
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds having the following basic structure:
  • X halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate, or other compatible counterion;
  • R1 , R2, R3 can be the same or different, hydrogen, C1 - C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl;
  • R4 are selected from any of the following two groups:
  • R5, R6 can be the same or different, any linear or branched, saturated or unsasturated, substituted or non- substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length or
  • X halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate, or other compatible counterion;
  • R1 , R2 can be the same or different, hydrogen, C1 - C6 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl;
  • R3, R4 can be selected in any combination from the following two groups:
  • R5 can be any linear or branched, saturated or unsasturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length.
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds having the following basic structure:
  • X halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate, or other compatible counterion;
  • R is selected from the following group:
  • R5 can be any linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length.
  • X halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate, or other compatible counterion;
  • R1 can be any linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length; and R2 can be selected from any of the following two groups:
  • R5 can be any linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length.
  • X halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate, or other compatible counterion;
  • R1 , R2 can be the same or different, aliphatic hydrocarbons, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, preferably C8 -
  • R1 , R2 can be selected in any combination from any of the following two groups:
  • R5 can be any linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or non-substituted, with or without ethoxylation, with or without propoxylation, aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety of greater than 8 carbon chain length, preferably between 8 - 30 carbon chain length.
  • R2 ,R3 ,R5 ,R6 may be the same or different, are from the following groups:
  • R aliphatic, 08 - C30, saturated or unsaturated, normal or branched; or
  • R, R1 , R2 can be the same or different, are alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkyl aryl or alkenyl groups of up to 30 carbon atoms; or (2)
  • R1 , R2 can be the same or different, are alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, C1 - 06, or propoxyalkylene, 01 - 010; or R1 , R2 and the nitrogen they are attached to may represent an N-heterocycle; and R has the following structure:
  • R4 hydrogen or alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkenyl of up to 6 carbons, or cycloalkyl of up to 6 carbons or polyoxyalkylene of up to carbons;
  • R5 alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or hydroxyalkyl, 05 - C30, or aryl or alkylaryl of up to C30.
  • R, R1 , R2 can be the same or different, are alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkyl aryl or alkenyl groups of up to 30 carbons;
  • R' has the following structure:
  • R4 hydrogen or alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkenyl of up to 6 carbons, or cycloalkyl of up to 6 carbons or polyoxyalkylene of up to carbons;
  • R6 has the following structure:
  • R alkyl or aliphatic hydrocarbons, 08 - C30, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted;
  • z - alkyl ⁇ O - alkyl --, alkyl groups having at least 1 carbon;
  • x alkoxy, halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, lactate or other compatible counterion; and
  • n 1 to 50;
  • Y halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate or other compatible counterion
  • R can be selected from among the following four groups:
  • R3, R4, R5 can be the same or different, are selected from hydroxyalkyl or alkyl group, 01- 04; or aliphatic group, C8 - C30, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted;
  • R6, R7 can be the same or different, are alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, 01 - C6;
  • R6-hydroxyalkyl or alkyl, 01 - 06; n 1 -6;
  • R9 aliphatic, 08 - C30, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted;
  • R10, R11 can be the same or different, are selected from aliphatic group, C8 - C30, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted;
  • R12 aliphatic, C8 - C30, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted.
  • R15 aliphatic, 08 - C30, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted;
  • R12 01 - 06 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • R13, R14 can be the same or different, and selected from the following two groups:
  • R16, R17, R18, R19( ;an ⁇ )e the same or different, are aliphatic, 08 - C30, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted.
  • R15 C8-C30 aliphatic, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubsituted. or (3)
  • R' has the following structure:
  • R is selected from the following two groups:
  • Y halide, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate or other compatible counterion;
  • R alkyl or aliphatic, normal or branched, saturated or unsaturated
  • any of a variety of other chemicals known to soften or lubricate a tissue can also be used in accordance with the present invention.
  • examples of such chemicals can include, but are not limited to, fatty dialkyl quaternary amine salts, mono fatty alkyl tertiary amine salts, primary amine salts, imidazoline quaternary salts, silicone quaternary salt and unsaturated fatty alkyl amine salts.
  • Other suitable chemicals include, long-fatty acid derived compounds including esters, salts, soaps, and quaternary ammonium compounds, polyols with hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics, etc.
  • Still other suitable softening agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,529,665 to Kaun and 5,558,873 to Funk, et al.. which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference thereto.
  • Kaun discloses the use of various cationic silicone compositions as softening agents.
  • the softening agent is available from the Quaker Chemical Company of Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, under the trade designation "Quaker 2008."
  • the addition of certain softening agents in the amount of, for example, 1 to 4 percent, by weight, of the composite also appears to reduce the measured static and dynamic coefficients of friction and improve the abrasion resistance of the continuous filament- rich side of the composite fabric.
  • the softening agent can be added to the fiber slurry in an amount from about 0.2% to about 1 % by weight, based on the total weight of fibers present within the slurry.
  • the softening agent can be a quaternary lotion, such as a quaternary silicone spray.
  • the composition can include a silicone quaternary ammonium chloride.
  • silicone quaternary ammonium chloride One commercially available silicone glycol quaternary ammonium chloride suitable for use in the present invention is ABIL SW marketed by Goldschmidt Chemical Company of Essen, Germany.
  • Quaternary silicone compositions can be particularly useful as softening agents in the present application because they bond with the cellulosic fibers contained within the base web. By bonding to the cellulosic fibers, the composition does not transfer onto the user's skin when the tissue product is used.
  • the softening agent is applied to one side of the layer in an amount from about 0.4% to about 2% by weight and particularly from about 0.4% to about 1.4% by weight, based upon the weight of the layer.
  • the softening agent can also contain anti-microbial agents for destroying germs that come in contact with the layer.
  • anti-microbial agents for destroying germs that come in contact with the layer.
  • DOW 5700 is a silicone quaternary spray that contains anti-microbial agents.
  • the softening agent can also include a fragrance or odor maskant. The fragrance can be added to the softening agent in order to mask the smell of the silicone composition or can be added to give the resulting tissue product a desired and aesthetic scent.
  • any other additive, agent, or material can be added to a tissue of the present invention, if desired.
  • various additives can be applied to a tissue of the present invention to aid in retention of the softening agent. Examples of such retention aids are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,830,317 to Vinson et al., which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
  • a softening agent in the tissue can sometimes cause excessive degradation of the web surface(s), thereby resulting in significant increases in slough and lint production. This degradation is believed to be at least partially due to the propensity of the softening agent to compete with the bonding agent for "bonding sites" on an outer layer of a tissue.
  • a softening agent may occupy "bonding sites" normally utilized by the bonding agent.
  • a "bonding site” generally refers to a substituent of a fiber to which various materials can bond.
  • common bonding sites for cellulosic fibers can include hydroxy substituents to which cationic softening and bonding agents are attracted.
  • a softening agent can provide a soft, lubricated surface feel, it can also cause surface degradation by lessening the ability of the bonding agent to bond to the fibers.
  • various mechanisms can be employed to allow the tissue to have a soft, lubricated feel without resulting in substantial surface degradation, slough and lint production.
  • one or both of the outer layers of the tissue can be appropriately configured to have an increased number of bonding sites. It is believed that the increased number of bonding sites can allow for bonding of the softening agent to the fibers without significantly interfering with the bonding of the bonding agent to the fibers.
  • a tissue produced according to the present invention can be applied with a softening agent in an amount from about 1 kilogram per metric ton of fiber weight (kg/MT) to about 60 kg per metric ton of fiber weight, and more particularly between about 10 kg/MT to about 35 kg/MT.
  • the tissue can retain at least about 75% of the softening agent, and more particularly between about 80% to about 96% of the softening agent.
  • one or both of the outer layers can comprise any of a variety of materials capable of providing a sufficient number of bonding sites to allow a soft, yet strong tissue to be formed therefrom.
  • the fibers of the outer layer(s) can also prevent lint from escaping the center of the tissue and further enhance the strength of the tissue.
  • one embodiment of the present invention includes the use of one or more outer layers that contain at least some fibers having a "high-average length". As stated above, the phrase "high- average length" generally refers to fibers having an average fiber length greater than about 1.2 mm, and usually from about 1.5 mm to about 6 mm.
  • fibers having a high-average length can provide a tissue product that is not only soft and strong, but also low in slough and lint production.
  • softwood fibers such as northern and southern softwood kraft fibers, are some examples of suitable high- average length fibers that can be used in outer layer(s) of the present invention.
  • the high-average length fibers can also be fibrillated to increase the number of bonding sites available to the softening agent and/or bonding agent. Fibrillation generally refers to the random splitting of fibers into minute fibrous elements or fibrils. By fibrillating a fiber, its surface area can, in some instances, be dramatically increased so as to provide an increased number of bonding sites.
  • Fibrillation can be accomplished according to any of a variety of well-known methods. For example, fibrillation can be accomplished through mechanical agitation, such as described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • fibrillation can also be accomplished through other methods, such as by contacting the fibers with a fibrillation-inducing medium.
  • a fibrillation-inducing medium such as hot water, steam, air/steam mixtures, etc.
  • the extent of fibrillation can generally vary. In fact, any amount of fibrillation can provide at least some increase in the number of available bonding sites, and thus provide increased strength and softness. Nevertheless, in most embodiments, it is typically desired that the high-average length fibers are fibrillated to an extent such that the resulting fibers have a Canadian Standard Freeness (“CSF") (TAPPI T227m-58) between about 400 to about 800, and more particularly, between about 500 CSF to about 700 CSF.
  • Canadian Standard Freeness is generally a measurement of the drainage properties of fibers as a result of refinement. For example, 800 CSF represents a relatively low amount of pulp refinement, while 400 CSF represents a relatively high amount of pulp refinement.
  • fibers having a low-average length can also be combined or blended with fibers having a high-average length (fibrillated or un-fibrillated) to provide the desired increase in the number of available bonding sites.
  • eucalyptus fibers having a low-average length can be combined with softwood fibers having a high-average length.
  • eucalyptus fibers can be combined with softwood fibers, some of which have been fibrillated as described above.
  • low-average length fibers can generally be incorporated into the outer layer(s) in any desired amount.
  • a fiber blend used in an outer layer of the present invention contains about 50% to about 95% by weight of low-average length fibers, and more particularly between about 60% to about 90%.
  • a tissue of the present invention can generally be formed according to a variety of papermaking processes known in the art.
  • the present invention is not limited to any particular papermaking process.
  • any process capable of forming a tissue having multiple layers can be utilized in the present invention.
  • a papermaking process of the present invention can utilize creping, embossing, wet-pressing, through-drying, through-dry creping, uncreped through-drying, double creping, as well as other steps in forming the multi-layered paper web.
  • the tissue can be formed using an uncreped through- drying technique, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,048,589 to Cook, et al.
  • Tissues such as facial tissues, made according to the present invention provide many advantages and benefits over conventional tissue products.
  • the facial tissues have improved facial softness, low surface friction, low lint production, low slough, high wet strength, and good tear resistance.
  • high loads of softening agent can be handled by the tissue without causing substantial slough and lint production.
  • tissue of the present invention The ability of a tissue of the present invention to effectively retain a softening agent was demonstrated.
  • a sample of tissue having a basis weight of about 18.5 pounds per ream was weighed and extracted in a sealed container for a given amount time on a flatbed shaker at ambient conditions. After the extraction, the tissue was removed and the extract was allowed to settle. The extract was then analyzed by an ultraviolet spectrometer. After the percent extracted was calculated, the add-on percentage was determined by an add-on correlation curve, such as described below.
  • Add-On Correlation Curve Initially, 5.00 grams of the tissue was weighed out for each replicate (three samples for each add-on level and three untreated samples) and placed into a sealable container. Four levels of add-on (i.e., 0.1 , 0.3, 0.8, and 1.0%) were utilized to generate the curve. Thus, three blank samples and three samples for each add-on level were tested, resulting in 15 total samples.
  • the spike solution was applied to the tissue samples and dried for 48 hours in a 60 degree Celsius oven. Thereafter, 100 ml of methanol was added to the dried, spiked tissue samples and sealed in the containers. The solutions were then placed in a flatbed shaker and extracted for a given amount of time (i.e., ⁇ A hour to 16 hours). The tissue samples were then removed so that the extract could settle. A transfer pipette was used to deliver a certain amount of the solution for UV absorbance readings at 238 nm wavelength. A 1/10 dilution was required for some add-on tissue samples to obtain an adequate reading. Blanks were read with and without this dilution.
  • a 1/10 dilution reading was used for 1/10 dilution samples and a no-dilution reading was used for the no- dilution samples.
  • the mean absorbence readings for each of the 3 replicates was subtracted from the value read from the blanks.
  • Sample Test After developing the add-on correlation curve, replicates of three multi-layered tissue samples having basis weights of about 18.5 pounds per ream were produced and applied with a softening agent in accordance with the present invention.
  • Each sample contained an outer layer of varying blends of "Longlac-19", which is available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, and eucalyptus fibers.
  • a Witco C-6001 imidazoline-based softener was applied to each sample in an amount of 0.4% by weight, based upon the weight each respective paper web.
  • each sample was then tested using the above-mentioned procedure to determine the total amount of softener that was retained on the tissue upon application.
  • 5.00 grams of the softening agent treated tissue sample was placed in a specimen container, to which 100 ml of methanol was added .
  • the specimen containers were placed on the flatbed shaker and extracted for the same amount time as the spike and recovery samples.
  • the tissue was removed and the extracts were allowed to settle.
  • the extracts were then read at 238 nm wavelength, wherein the sample reading was subtracted from the blank absorbance reading.
  • the "ppm" of the softening agent was then used to calculate the percent extracted value. Using the Add-on correlation curve, the percent add-on was then calculated from the percent extracted value.
  • the retention efficiency was then calculated, i.e. the percentage of softener that was retained upon the tissue web. The results are given below in Table 1 :
  • the ability of a tissue to retain a softening agent is enhanced by the use of high-average length fibers in a fibrous blend with low-average length fibers.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The ability of a tissue of the present invention to effectively retain a softening agent and to be applied with a softening agent without a substantial loss in strength was demonstrated. Twelve tissue samples having a basis weight of about 18.5 pounds per ream were produced having an outer layer of fibrillated "Longlac-19" fibers, which are available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, in accordance with the present invention. Specifically, the fibers of each sample were fibrillated at varying degrees using conventional refining machinery such that three of the tissue samples had a Canadian Standard Freeness of 681 , four of the tissue samples had a Canadian Standard Freeness of 600, and five of the tissue samples had a Canadian Standard Freeness of 525, as determined by TAPPI Standard Method T227m-58.
  • a Witco C-6027 imidazoline- based softener softening agent was then applied to each sample at varying levels as indicated in Figure 1. After being applied with the imidazoline-based softener, each sample was then tested to determine the total amount of softener that was retained on the tissue upon application in accordance with the procedures set forth in Example 1.
  • the strength of each sample applied with the imidazoline-based softener was also tested.
  • the geometric mean tensile strength (“GMT”) was calculated as the square root of the product of the machine direction tensile strength and the cross-machine direction tensile strength.
  • the units of GMT strength are grams per 3 inches of sample width, but are simply referred to herein as "grams”.
  • Tensile strengths were determined in accordance with TAPPI test method T 494 om-88 using flat gripping surfaces, a specimen width of 3 inches, a length of 6 inches, and a crosshead speed of about 10 inches per minute.
  • tissue of the present invention The ability of a tissue of the present invention to effectively retain a softening agent and to be applied with a softening agent without a substantial loss in strength was demonstrated.
  • One set of samples contained an outer layer of 100% eucalyptus fibers and the other set of samples contained an outer layer of 50% eucalyptus fibers and 50% "Longlac-19" fibers, which are available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation.
  • a Witco C-6001 imidazoline-based softener was then applied to each sample at varying levels.
  • each sample was then tested as set forth in Example 1 to determine the total amount of softener retained on the tissue.
  • the strength of each sample applied with the imidazoline-based softener was also tested as set forth in Example 2.
  • the paper web containing eucalyptus and "Longlac- 19" fibers had the highest GMT value, while the web containing only eucalyptus fibers has the lowest GMT value.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The ability of a tissue of the present invention to effectively reduce slough was demonstrated. Two tissue samples having basis weights of about 18.5 pounds per ream were produced, wherein one sample contained an outer layer having only eucalyptus fibers and the other sample contained an outer layer having 50% "Longlac-19" fibers, which are available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, and 50% eucalyptus fibers. A Witco C-6001 imidazoline-based softener was applied to each sample in an amount of 8 kilogram per metric ton of each respective paper web.
  • each sample was then subjectively tested by a group of panelists to determine the amount of dry and wet slough generated by the tissues. Specifically, for evaluating dry slough, each panelist rubbed their thumb against the tissue samples and visually assessed the slough generated. Moreover, for evaluating wet slough, each panelist rubbed their wetted thumb against the tissue samples and visually assessed the slough generated.
  • tissue sample containing only eucalyptus fibers was observed to have more dry and wet slough than the tissue sample containing eucalyptus fibers and Longlac-19 fibers.

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Abstract

De manière générale, la présente invention concerne des serviettes cellulosiques présentant une douceur et une solidité élevées. Ces serviettes sont constitués d'une feuille de papier multicouche comprenant des couches extérieures de fibres fibrillées et/ou un mélange de fibres de faible longueur et de fibres de longueur élevée. On applique un agent adoucissant sur cette feuille de papier en vue d'obtenir une feuille présentant une liaison des fibres réduite. On applique également un agent de liaison sur ladite feuille en vue d'en augmenter la solidité et la résistance au déchirement.
PCT/US2001/025738 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Tissu mou hautement resistant WO2002014606A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU8500501A AU8500501A (en) 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Highly substantive soft tissue
EP01964115A EP1311726A2 (fr) 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Tissu mou hautement resistant
CA002419139A CA2419139A1 (fr) 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Tissu mou hautement resistant
AU2001285005A AU2001285005B2 (en) 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Soft tissue paper
MXPA03001479A MXPA03001479A (es) 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Papel de tisu suave.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US64092100A 2000-08-17 2000-08-17
US09/640,921 2000-08-17

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WO2002014606A2 true WO2002014606A2 (fr) 2002-02-21
WO2002014606A3 WO2002014606A3 (fr) 2002-08-15

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EP (1) EP1311726A2 (fr)
AR (1) AR030355A1 (fr)
AU (2) AU2001285005B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2419139A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03001479A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002014606A2 (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP1253242A2 (fr) * 2001-04-27 2002-10-30 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Produit multicouche doux et gonflant, et procédé de fabrication
US6752905B2 (en) 2002-10-08 2004-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue products having reduced slough
US7794565B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2010-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making low slough tissue products
US9410292B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2016-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multilayered tissue having reduced hydrogen bonding
US9416494B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2016-08-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Modified cellulosic fibers having reduced hydrogen bonding
WO2019152969A1 (fr) * 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Pande Harshad Produits de papier et pâtes ayant des fibres de pâte à surface améliorée et une capacité d'absorption accrue, et leurs procédés de fabrication
US10385516B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2019-08-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft, strong and bulky tissue
US10563356B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2020-02-18 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers at a substrate surface
US10704165B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2020-07-07 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers, methods of making surface enhanced pulp fibers, products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers, and methods of making products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers
US10710930B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2020-07-14 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers in fiber cement
US11035078B2 (en) 2018-03-07 2021-06-15 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Low lint multi-ply paper products having a first stratified base sheet and a second stratified base sheet
US11473245B2 (en) 2016-08-01 2022-10-18 Domtar Paper Company Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers at a substrate surface
US11499269B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2022-11-15 Domtar Paper Company Llc Method for production of filler loaded surface enhanced pulp fibers
US11608596B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2023-03-21 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Paper products subjected to a surface treatment comprising enzyme-treated surface enhanced pulp fibers and methods of making the same

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BR112018007748B1 (pt) 2015-11-03 2022-07-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Produto de tecido de papel, produto de limpeza, e, artigo absorvente de cuidado pessoal
BR112020007694B1 (pt) 2017-11-29 2022-12-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc Método para produzir um substrato multicamada formado por espuma
CN112469857B (zh) 2018-07-25 2022-06-17 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 用于制备三维泡沫铺设的非织造物的方法

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ES2099793T3 (es) * 1991-01-15 1997-06-01 James River Corp Tisu de alta suavidad.
US5129988A (en) * 1991-06-21 1992-07-14 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Extended flexible headbox slice with parallel flexible lip extensions and extended internal dividers
US5695607A (en) * 1994-04-01 1997-12-09 James River Corporation Of Virginia Soft-single ply tissue having very low sidedness
US5730839A (en) * 1995-07-21 1998-03-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of creping tissue webs containing a softener using a closed creping pocket

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1253242A2 (fr) * 2001-04-27 2002-10-30 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Produit multicouche doux et gonflant, et procédé de fabrication
EP1253242A3 (fr) * 2001-04-27 2003-11-05 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Produit multicouche doux et gonflant, et procédé de fabrication
US6827819B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2004-12-07 Fort James Corporation Soft bulky multi-ply product
US6896768B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2005-05-24 Fort James Corporation Soft bulky multi-ply product and method of making the same
US6752905B2 (en) 2002-10-08 2004-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue products having reduced slough
US7794565B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2010-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making low slough tissue products
US10975499B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2021-04-13 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers, methods of making surface enhanced pulp fibers, products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers, and methods of making products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers
US10704165B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2020-07-07 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers, methods of making surface enhanced pulp fibers, products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers, and methods of making products incorporating surface enhanced pulp fibers
US9410292B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2016-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multilayered tissue having reduced hydrogen bonding
US9416494B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2016-08-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Modified cellulosic fibers having reduced hydrogen bonding
US10563356B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2020-02-18 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers at a substrate surface
US10710930B2 (en) 2014-02-21 2020-07-14 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers in fiber cement
US10385516B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2019-08-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft, strong and bulky tissue
US10753046B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2020-08-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Soft, strong and bulky tissue
US11473245B2 (en) 2016-08-01 2022-10-18 Domtar Paper Company Llc Surface enhanced pulp fibers at a substrate surface
US11499269B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2022-11-15 Domtar Paper Company Llc Method for production of filler loaded surface enhanced pulp fibers
WO2019152969A1 (fr) * 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Pande Harshad Produits de papier et pâtes ayant des fibres de pâte à surface améliorée et une capacité d'absorption accrue, et leurs procédés de fabrication
US11441271B2 (en) 2018-02-05 2022-09-13 Domtar Paper Company Llc Paper products and pulps with surface enhanced pulp fibers and increased absorbency, and methods of making same
US11035078B2 (en) 2018-03-07 2021-06-15 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Low lint multi-ply paper products having a first stratified base sheet and a second stratified base sheet
US11781270B2 (en) 2018-03-07 2023-10-10 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Methods of making multi-ply fibrous sheets
US11608596B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2023-03-21 Domtar Paper Company, Llc Paper products subjected to a surface treatment comprising enzyme-treated surface enhanced pulp fibers and methods of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8500501A (en) 2002-02-25
MXPA03001479A (es) 2003-06-06
EP1311726A2 (fr) 2003-05-21
AU2001285005B2 (en) 2006-02-02
WO2002014606A3 (fr) 2002-08-15
AR030355A1 (es) 2003-08-20
CA2419139A1 (fr) 2002-02-21

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