WO2002014292A1 - Method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione - Google Patents

Method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002014292A1
WO2002014292A1 PCT/JP2001/006229 JP0106229W WO0214292A1 WO 2002014292 A1 WO2002014292 A1 WO 2002014292A1 JP 0106229 W JP0106229 W JP 0106229W WO 0214292 A1 WO0214292 A1 WO 0214292A1
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Prior art keywords
dione
dimethyloxazolidine
producing
hydroxyisobutyramide
alkali metal
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Application number
PCT/JP2001/006229
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoshiaki Miyota
Akira Shibuya
Makota Saito
Takamitsu Utsukihara
Original Assignee
Showa Denko K.K.
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Application filed by Showa Denko K.K. filed Critical Showa Denko K.K.
Priority to AU2001272751A priority Critical patent/AU2001272751A1/en
Publication of WO2002014292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002014292A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D263/44—Two oxygen atoms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2 , 4-dione, which serves as a useful intermediate in the production of photographic agents.
  • Patent 4220787 discloses a method which includes reacting an ⁇ - hydroxycarboxylic acid ester with an alkali cyanate.
  • the method employs an ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyric acid ester as a raw material so as to synthesize 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione, the product yield is significantly low.
  • the method is also industrially disadvantageous .
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 54-130564 discloses another method which includes reacting an ⁇ - hydroxycarboxylic acid ester with a carbonic acid ester.
  • the method employs an ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester as a raw material as described above, the method is also industrially disadvantageous.
  • An object of the present invention is to produce
  • the present inventors have conducted extensive studies in order to solve the aforementioned problems , and have found a novel process for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione from acetone cyanohydrin.
  • the present invention has been accomplished on the basis of this finding.
  • the present invention is directed to the followings:
  • M represents an alkali metal, and neutralizing the salt with a mineral acid
  • ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide used in the present invention can be produced through any known method.
  • ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide is produced by hydrating acetone cyanohydrin.
  • the hydration proceeds efficiently in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst, thereby producing the product at high yield.
  • the amount of water for the hydration is required to be twice or more, preferably four times or more by mass as much as acetone cyanohydrin, to obtain ot, -hydroxyisobutyramide with high purity.
  • no particular limitation is imposed on the upper limit of the amount of water unless it is diluted to an extremely low concentration, but it is preferred that the amount of water is six times or less by mass for high productivity.
  • ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide having a purity of industrial grade is usable in the present invention
  • its water content is preferably as low as possible.
  • a preferable water content is 3 mass% or less, with 1 mass% or less being more preferred.
  • the yield of 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione decreases considerably, thereby making the method industrially disadvantageous.
  • Low-water-content ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide can be produced by subjecting the crude product to distillation, or by crystallizing ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide, collecting the wet crystals thereof, and then drying the crystals.
  • these methods require a number of facilities, and therefore, are industrially disadvantageous.
  • low-water-content ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide can effectively be produced on an industrial scale by heating an aqueous solution of ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide formed through hydration, to thereby remove water through evaporation. The heating is carried out at 80°C or higher, preferably at 90°C or higher. When the heating temperature is 80°C or less, ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide is solidified, detrimentally affecting the process.
  • evaporation of water may be carried out under reduced pressure, to thereby enhance evaporation efficiency.
  • caution must be taken so as not to solidify ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide which can be caused by lowering the product temperature under reduced pressure.
  • Dehydration efficiency can also be enhanced by blowing inert gas such as nitrogen or air or by adding a solvent such as toluene or ethanol, which forms an azeotropic mixture with water.
  • the proportions by equivalent of the ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide, di( lower alkyl) carbonate, and alkali metal alcoholate are preferably 1 : 1.1-1.5 : 1.1- 1.5.
  • the equivalent ratio of the dialkyl carbonate or the alkali metal alcoholate to ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide is less than 1.1, the yield of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione based on ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide decreases.
  • the ratio is controlled to 1 : 1.5 or more, the yield does not increase commensurate with the increase in the ratio and, furthermore, raw material costs are also increased. This situation is also industrially disadvantageous .
  • the ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide, dialkyl carbonate, and alkali metal alcoholate are preferably fed in the following manner. That is , ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide and a dialkyl carbonate are mixed and, subsequently, alkali metal alcoholate is added dropwise to the resultant mixture.
  • a solution to which the alkali metal alcoholate is added preferably has a water content of 2% or less. A water content of 2% or more occasions a decrease in the reaction-base yield and, therefore, is industrially disadvantageous .
  • a solvent may also be employed. No particular limitation is imposed on the solvent, and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are preferred.
  • Alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide can be employed as the alkali metal alcoholate according to the present invention, with sodium methodixde being more preferred.
  • Carbonic acid esters such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate can be employed as the di(lower alkyl) carbonate according to the present invention, with dimethyl carbonate being more preferred.
  • an acid is added for neutralizing a 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione alkali metal salt generated in the reaction.
  • inexpensive mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid are advantageous for industrial use.
  • the pH of the solution is controlled to 4 or less, preferably 2-3.
  • crystallization When crystallization is employed, it is dissolved in good solvent such as an ethylacetate, and subsequently, a poor solvent such as hexane is added. Alternatively, an aqueous solution of a salt such as sodium chloride, Glauber's salt or ammonium sulfate is employed as a solvent for crystallization, and the resultant solution is cooled.
  • good solvent such as an ethylacetate
  • a poor solvent such as hexane
  • aqueous solution of a salt such as sodium chloride, Glauber's salt or ammonium sulfate is employed as a solvent for crystallization, and the resultant solution is cooled.
  • Acetone cyanohydrin (85 g) was reacted with water of five times by mass as much as acetone cyanohydrin at 60°C in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst. Through quantitation, the amount of ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide contained in the reaction mixture was found to be 82.3 g.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper (No. 5C), to thereby remove the catalyst. Subsequently, the filtrate was transferred into a four-neck flask and heated to a bath temperature of 130°C, to thereby remove water through evaporation. When the temperature of the resultant mixture reached 120°C, heating was terminated.
  • the liquid was found to be 90.0 g, and ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide content was 91 mass%.
  • the water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 0.9 mass%.
  • the time required to remove the water through evaporation was three hours .
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that removal of water from the resultant reaction mixture containing ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide was carried out under a reduced pressure of 88 kPa abs . Through weighing of the residual liquid, the liquid was found to be 89.3 g, and ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide content was 92 mass%. The water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 0.7 mass%. The time required to remove the water through evaporation was two hours .
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, to thereby remove water from the resultant reaction mixture containing ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide.
  • toluene 15 g serving as an azeotropic agent was added to the mixture, and the mixture was further heated.
  • the temperature of the resultant mixture reached 115°C, heating was terminated.
  • the water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 0.6 mass% .
  • the time required to remove the water through evaporation was two hours .
  • Example 4 the proportions by equivalent of the ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide, dimethyl carbonate, and sodium methoxide were 1 : 1.3 : 1.3. After completing the addition of sodium methoxide, the mixture was heated until the mixture reached a reflux state, and reaction was effected for two hours. After the reaction was complete, the amount of the 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt was found to be 130.6 g (0.86 mol) through quantitation. The reaction- based yield of the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt on the basis of ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide was 92%.
  • Example 7 The reaction mixture of Example 4 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure.
  • the pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 2.7 using 20 mass% sulfuric acid.
  • the resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the Glauber's salt concentration reached 21 mass%.
  • water was added to the resultant mixture in such an amount that the Glauber's salt concentration was adjusted to 12 mass%.
  • the mixture was cooled to 23°C while stirring, to thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 80 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione content was 97 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 70%.
  • Example 9 The reaction mixture of Example 5 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure.
  • the pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 2.7 using 20% hydrochloric acid.
  • the resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the sodium chloride concentration reached 20 mass%. After concentration was complete, the mixture was cooled to 15°C while stirring, to thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 91 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione content was 96.8 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 80%.
  • Example 9 Example 9
  • Example 4 The reaction mixture of Example 4 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure.
  • the pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 2.7 using 20 mass% sulfuric acid.
  • the resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the Glauber's salt concentration reached 21 mass%.
  • the resultant condensed liquid was left standing to give a the liquid divided into two phases . Both phases were analyzed and it was found that 97% of 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione was contained in an upper phase.
  • the upper phase was separated by a separating funnel, and an 35 mass% of aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate was added in an amount of twice of the upper phase by mass. After the addition was completed, the mixture was cooled to 15°C while stirring, to thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 121 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4- dione content was 97 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 90%.
  • Example 6 The reaction mixture of Example 6 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure.
  • the pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 7.5 using 10 mass% sulfuric acid.
  • the resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the Glauber's salt concentration reached 10 mass%.
  • water was added to the condensed liquid in such an amount that the Glauber's salt concentration was adjusted to 5.1 mass%.
  • the mixture was kept in 23°C while stirring, to therein 98% of sulfuric acid was added to adjust the pH to 2.8 and thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 81 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione content was 97.2 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 71%.
  • Example 11 Acetone cyanohydrin (85 g) was reacted with water of five times by mass as much as acetone cyanohydrin at 60°C in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst. Through quantitation, ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide contained in the reaction mixture was found to be 82.3 g.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper (No. 5C) , to thereby remove the catalyst. Subsequently, the filtrate was transferred into a four-neck flask and heated to a bath temperature of 130°C, to thereby remove water through evaporation. When the temperature of the resultant mixture reached 110°C, heating was stopped.
  • Example 4 Through weighing of the residual liquid, the liquid was found to be 92.0 g, and ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide content was 89 mass%. The water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 3.1 mass%. The time required to remove the water through evaporation was two hours . The procedure of Example 4 was repeated, except that a -hydroxyisobutyramide having a water content of 3.1 mass% was used, to thereby produce a 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt. The yield of the salt based on a -hydroxyisobutyramide was 75%.
  • Example 4 The procedure of Example 4 was repeated, except that the proportions by equivalent of the ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide, dimethyl carbonate, and sodium methoxide were 1 : 1.05 : 1.05, to thereby produce a 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt.
  • the yield of the salt based on ⁇ -hydroxyisobutyramide was 75%.
  • Example 13 Methanol (40 g, 1.25 mol) was added to ⁇ - hydroxyisobutyramide (80 g, 0.94 mol) prepared in Example 1, to thereby prepare a solution, and dimethyl carbonate (101.5 g, 1.12 mol) was added to the solution while stirring at room temperature. At that time, pure water was added to the mixture such that the water content in the system was adjusted to 2.5 mass%. Subsequently, a 28 mass% solution (235.7 g) of sodium methoxide (1.22 mol) in methanol was added to the mixture over 30 minutes. After the addition of sodium methoxide was completed, the mixture was heated until the mixture reached a reflux state, and reaction was effected for two hours.
  • 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione can be produced from acetone cyanohydrin serving as a starting material.
  • the method is industrially advantageous.

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Abstract

The invention provides a method of producing 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione including reacting α-hydroxyisobutyramide with di(lower alkyl) carbonate and an alkali metal alcoholate, to thereby produce a 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione alkali metal salt, and neutralizing the salt with a mineral acid. According to the present invention, 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione can be produced industrially advantageously from α-hydroxyisobutyramide which can be obtained easily by a hydration of acetone cyanohydrin.

Description

DESCRIPTION
Method for Producing 5,5-Dimethyloxazolidine-2 , 4-Dione
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is an application filed under 35
U.S.C. §lll(a) claiming benefit pursuant to 35 U.S.C.
§119(e)(l) of the filing date of Provisional Application
60/246,592 filed on August 11, 2000 pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §lll(b).
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2 , 4-dione, which serves as a useful intermediate in the production of photographic agents.
BACKGROUND ART
As a method for producing 2,4-oxazolidinediones, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
(kokai) No. 09-048769 discloses a method including reacting an -hydroxycarboxylic acid ester or an - hydroxycarboxamide with urea at 100-250°C.
However, when α-hydroxyσarboxylic acid esters are produced from cyanohydrin, expensive anhydrous hydrochloric acid must be used. Thus, the employment of α-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters is not advantageous for industrial use. When an α-hydroxycarboxamide is used as a raw material, a method requiring an increased number of steps must be employed. Thus, this method is not suitable for industrial application, either. In addition, reaction of an α-hydroxycarboxamide and urea produces a low yield of 2, 4-oxazolidinediones, which does not allow practical employment of the reaction in the relevant industry. Regarding an alternative method, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 54-130564 (US. Patent 4220787) discloses a method which includes reacting an α- hydroxycarboxylic acid ester with an alkali cyanate. However, when the method employs an α-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester as a raw material so as to synthesize 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione, the product yield is significantly low. Thus, the method is also industrially disadvantageous .
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No. 54-130564 (US. Patent 4220787) discloses another method which includes reacting an α- hydroxycarboxylic acid ester with a carbonic acid ester. However, since the method employs an α-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester as a raw material as described above, the method is also industrially disadvantageous. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to produce
5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione through an industrially advantageous method, particularly, a method to produce 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione through an industrially advantageous method employing acetone σyanohydrin as a starting material.
The present inventors have conducted extensive studies in order to solve the aforementioned problems , and have found a novel process for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione from acetone cyanohydrin.
The present invention has been accomplished on the basis of this finding.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to the followings:
(1) a method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-
2, 4-dione represented by formula (3):
Figure imgf000004_0001
comprising reacting α-hydroxyisobutyramide represented by formula (1) :
Figure imgf000004_0002
with di(lower alkyl) carbonate and an alkali metal alcoholate, to thereby produce a 5, 5- imethyloxazolidine-
2, 4-dione alkali metal salt represented by formula (2);
Figure imgf000005_0001
wherein M represents an alkali metal, and neutralizing the salt with a mineral acid;
(2) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2 , 4-dione according to (1), wherein the di(lower alkyl) carbonate is dimethyl carbonate;
(3) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1), wherein the alkali metal alcoholate is sodium alcoholate;
(4) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (3), wherein the sodium alcoholate is sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide;
(5) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1), wherein the α-hydroxyisobutyramide has a water content of 3 mass% or less; (6) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1), wherein the α-hydroxyisobutyramide has undergone a treatment for removal of any solvent and water under a melt state at 80°C or higher; (7) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1) or (6), wherein the α-hydroxyisobutyramide has undergone azeotropic distillation for removal of water; (8) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1), wherein the α-hydroxyisobutyramide is produced through hydration of acetone cyanohydrin;
(9) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (8), wherein the hydration is carried out in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst;
(10) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1), wherein proportions by equivalent of the α-hydroxyisobutyramide, di(lower alkyl) carbonate, and alkali metal alcoholate are 1 : 1.1-1.5 : 1.1-1.5;
(11) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1) or (10), wherein the α-hydroxyisobutyramide is mixed with the di(lower alkyl) carbonate to form a mixture and, subsequently, the alkali metal alcoholate is added to the mixture for reaction;
(12) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (11), wherein a raw material solution to which the alkali metal alcoholate is added has a water content of 2 mass% or less before addition of the alcoholate;
(13) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to (1), wherein formed 5 , 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione is subjected to neutralization with mineral acid, followed by crystallization;
(14) the method for producing 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione according to according to (13), wherein the crystallization is carried out in the presence of an inorganic salt; and
(15) a method for purifying 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione comprising crystallizing 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione in the presence of an inorganic salt.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will next be described in detail. No particular limitation is imposed on the method of producing α-hydroxyisobutyramide which serves as a raw material in the present invention. Thus, α- hydroxyisobutyramide used in the present invention can be produced through any known method. Preferably, α- hydroxyisobutyramide is produced by hydrating acetone cyanohydrin. The hydration proceeds efficiently in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst, thereby producing the product at high yield. The amount of water for the hydration is required to be twice or more, preferably four times or more by mass as much as acetone cyanohydrin, to obtain ot, -hydroxyisobutyramide with high purity. And no particular limitation is imposed on the upper limit of the amount of water unless it is diluted to an extremely low concentration, but it is preferred that the amount of water is six times or less by mass for high productivity.
Although α-hydroxyisobutyramide having a purity of industrial grade is usable in the present invention, its water content is preferably as low as possible. Specifically, a preferable water content is 3 mass% or less, with 1 mass% or less being more preferred. When the water content is high, the yield of 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione decreases considerably, thereby making the method industrially disadvantageous.
Low-water-content α-hydroxyisobutyramide can be produced by subjecting the crude product to distillation, or by crystallizing α-hydroxyisobutyramide, collecting the wet crystals thereof, and then drying the crystals. However, these methods require a number of facilities, and therefore, are industrially disadvantageous. In a preferred embodiment, low-water-content α- hydroxyisobutyramide can effectively be produced on an industrial scale by heating an aqueous solution of α- hydroxyisobutyramide formed through hydration, to thereby remove water through evaporation. The heating is carried out at 80°C or higher, preferably at 90°C or higher. When the heating temperature is 80°C or less, α- hydroxyisobutyramide is solidified, detrimentally affecting the process.
Alternatively, evaporation of water may be carried out under reduced pressure, to thereby enhance evaporation efficiency. In this case, however, caution must be taken so as not to solidify α- hydroxyisobutyramide which can be caused by lowering the product temperature under reduced pressure.
Dehydration efficiency can also be enhanced by blowing inert gas such as nitrogen or air or by adding a solvent such as toluene or ethanol, which forms an azeotropic mixture with water.
The proportions by equivalent of the α- hydroxyisobutyramide, di( lower alkyl) carbonate, and alkali metal alcoholate are preferably 1 : 1.1-1.5 : 1.1- 1.5. When the equivalent ratio of the dialkyl carbonate or the alkali metal alcoholate to α-hydroxyisobutyramide is less than 1.1, the yield of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione based on α-hydroxyisobutyramide decreases. When the ratio is controlled to 1 : 1.5 or more, the yield does not increase commensurate with the increase in the ratio and, furthermore, raw material costs are also increased. This situation is also industrially disadvantageous .
In the present invention, the α- hydroxyisobutyramide, dialkyl carbonate, and alkali metal alcoholate are preferably fed in the following manner. That is , α-hydroxyisobutyramide and a dialkyl carbonate are mixed and, subsequently, alkali metal alcoholate is added dropwise to the resultant mixture. In addition, a solution to which the alkali metal alcoholate is added preferably has a water content of 2% or less. A water content of 2% or more occasions a decrease in the reaction-base yield and, therefore, is industrially disadvantageous . During the reaction, a solvent may also be employed. No particular limitation is imposed on the solvent, and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are preferred.
Alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide can be employed as the alkali metal alcoholate according to the present invention, with sodium methodixde being more preferred.
Carbonic acid esters such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate can be employed as the di(lower alkyl) carbonate according to the present invention, with dimethyl carbonate being more preferred. In the present invention, an acid is added for neutralizing a 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione alkali metal salt generated in the reaction. Although no particular limitation is imposed on the acid, inexpensive mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid are advantageous for industrial use. In the neutralization, the pH of the solution is controlled to 4 or less, preferably 2-3. When the pH is relatively high, the alkali metal salt content predominates, to thereby lower the recovery of 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione during the distillation or crystallization steps, whereas when the pH is excessively low, special material is required for the apparatus used to carry out the aforementioned operation. This situation is also industrially disadvantageous . 5, 5-Dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione produced through the method of the present invention can be purified through distillation or crystallization. Since 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione has a relatively high boiling point, distillation is preferably carried out under reduced pressure.
When crystallization is employed, it is dissolved in good solvent such as an ethylacetate, and subsequently, a poor solvent such as hexane is added. Alternatively, an aqueous solution of a salt such as sodium chloride, Glauber's salt or ammonium sulfate is employed as a solvent for crystallization, and the resultant solution is cooled.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The method of the present invention will next be described in detail by way of examples , which should not be construed as limiting the invention thereto.
In the following Examples, organic components were quantitated through liquid chromatography performed under the following conditions : <Liquid chromatographic analysis conditions> Column: Shodex KG-811 (SHOWA DENKO K.K.) Eluent: 0.02% phosphoric acid Flow: 1.0 ml Column temperature: 40°C.
Example 1
Acetone cyanohydrin (85 g) was reacted with water of five times by mass as much as acetone cyanohydrin at 60°C in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst. Through quantitation, the amount of α- hydroxyisobutyramide contained in the reaction mixture was found to be 82.3 g. The reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper (No. 5C), to thereby remove the catalyst. Subsequently, the filtrate was transferred into a four-neck flask and heated to a bath temperature of 130°C, to thereby remove water through evaporation. When the temperature of the resultant mixture reached 120°C, heating was terminated. Through weighing of the residual liquid, the liquid was found to be 90.0 g, and α-hydroxyisobutyramide content was 91 mass%. The water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 0.9 mass%. The time required to remove the water through evaporation was three hours .
Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that removal of water from the resultant reaction mixture containing α-hydroxyisobutyramide was carried out under a reduced pressure of 88 kPa abs . Through weighing of the residual liquid, the liquid was found to be 89.3 g, and α-hydroxyisobutyramide content was 92 mass%. The water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 0.7 mass%. The time required to remove the water through evaporation was two hours .
Example 3
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, to thereby remove water from the resultant reaction mixture containing α-hydroxyisobutyramide. When the temperature of the resultant mixture reached 105°C, toluene (15 g) serving as an azeotropic agent was added to the mixture, and the mixture was further heated. When the temperature of the resultant mixture reached 115°C, heating was terminated. Through weighing of the residual liquid, the liquid was found to be 89.5 g, and α-hydroxyisobutyramide content was 92 mass%. The water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 0.6 mass% . The time required to remove the water through evaporation was two hours .
Example 4
Methanol (40 g, 1.25 mol) was added to α- hydroxyisobutyramide (80 g, 0.94 mol) prepared in Example 1, to thereby prepare a solution, and dimethyl carbonate (101.5 g, 1.12 mol) was added to the solution while stirring at room temperature. At that time, a portion of the resultant mixture was sampled and was subjected to water content measurement. The water content was 0.5 mass%. Subsequently, a 28 mass% solution (235.7 g) of sodium methoxide (1.22 mol) in methanol was added to the mixture over 30 minutes. In Example 4, the proportions by equivalent of the α-hydroxyisobutyramide, dimethyl carbonate, and sodium methoxide were 1 : 1.3 : 1.3. After completing the addition of sodium methoxide, the mixture was heated until the mixture reached a reflux state, and reaction was effected for two hours. After the reaction was complete, the amount of the 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt was found to be 130.6 g (0.86 mol) through quantitation. The reaction- based yield of the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt on the basis of α-hydroxyisobutyramide was 92%.
Example 5
5, 5-Dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt was synthesized by use of α-hydroxyisobutyramide as prepared in Example 2. The reaction-based yields of the 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt based on α- hydroxyisobutyramide were 93%.
Example 6
5 , 5-Dimethyloxazolidine-2 , 4-dione sodium salt was synthesized by use of α-hydroxyisobutyramide as prepared in Example 3. The reaction-based yields of the 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2 , 4-dione sodium salt based on α- hydroxyisobutyramide were 92%.
Example 7 The reaction mixture of Example 4 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure. The pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 2.7 using 20 mass% sulfuric acid. The resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the Glauber's salt concentration reached 21 mass%. Subsequently, water was added to the resultant mixture in such an amount that the Glauber's salt concentration was adjusted to 12 mass%. After the addition had been completed, the mixture was cooled to 23°C while stirring, to thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 80 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione content was 97 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 70%.
Example 8
The reaction mixture of Example 5 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure. The pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 2.7 using 20% hydrochloric acid. The resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the sodium chloride concentration reached 20 mass%. After concentration was complete, the mixture was cooled to 15°C while stirring, to thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 91 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione content was 96.8 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 80%. Example 9
The reaction mixture of Example 4 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure. The pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 2.7 using 20 mass% sulfuric acid. The resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the Glauber's salt concentration reached 21 mass%. And the resultant condensed liquid was left standing to give a the liquid divided into two phases . Both phases were analyzed and it was found that 97% of 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione was contained in an upper phase. The upper phase was separated by a separating funnel, and an 35 mass% of aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate was added in an amount of twice of the upper phase by mass. After the addition was completed, the mixture was cooled to 15°C while stirring, to thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 121 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4- dione content was 97 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 90%.
Example 10
The reaction mixture of Example 6 was transferred into an eggplant-like flask, and was condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, to half the volume at 50°C under reduced pressure. The pH of the condensed liquid was adjusted to 7.5 using 10 mass% sulfuric acid. The resultant liquid was further condensed, by means of a rotary evaporator, until the Glauber's salt concentration reached 10 mass%. Subsequently, water was added to the condensed liquid in such an amount that the Glauber's salt concentration was adjusted to 5.1 mass%. After the addition was completed, the mixture was kept in 23°C while stirring, to therein 98% of sulfuric acid was added to adjust the pH to 2.8 and thereby effect crystallization. Through centrifugal separation, 81 g of wet crystals were collected. Analysis of the crystals revealed that the 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione content was 97.2 mass% and yield after neutralization and crystallization was 71%.
Example 11 Acetone cyanohydrin (85 g) was reacted with water of five times by mass as much as acetone cyanohydrin at 60°C in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst. Through quantitation, α-hydroxyisobutyramide contained in the reaction mixture was found to be 82.3 g. The reaction mixture was filtered with filter paper (No. 5C) , to thereby remove the catalyst. Subsequently, the filtrate was transferred into a four-neck flask and heated to a bath temperature of 130°C, to thereby remove water through evaporation. When the temperature of the resultant mixture reached 110°C, heating was stopped. Through weighing of the residual liquid, the liquid was found to be 92.0 g, and α-hydroxyisobutyramide content was 89 mass%. The water content measured through the Karl Fischer method was 3.1 mass%. The time required to remove the water through evaporation was two hours . The procedure of Example 4 was repeated, except that a -hydroxyisobutyramide having a water content of 3.1 mass% was used, to thereby produce a 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt. The yield of the salt based on a -hydroxyisobutyramide was 75%.
Example 12
The procedure of Example 4 was repeated, except that the proportions by equivalent of the α- hydroxyisobutyramide, dimethyl carbonate, and sodium methoxide were 1 : 1.05 : 1.05, to thereby produce a 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt. The yield of the salt based on α-hydroxyisobutyramide was 75%.
Example 13 Methanol (40 g, 1.25 mol) was added to α- hydroxyisobutyramide (80 g, 0.94 mol) prepared in Example 1, to thereby prepare a solution, and dimethyl carbonate (101.5 g, 1.12 mol) was added to the solution while stirring at room temperature. At that time, pure water was added to the mixture such that the water content in the system was adjusted to 2.5 mass%. Subsequently, a 28 mass% solution (235.7 g) of sodium methoxide (1.22 mol) in methanol was added to the mixture over 30 minutes. After the addition of sodium methoxide was completed, the mixture was heated until the mixture reached a reflux state, and reaction was effected for two hours. After the reaction was completed, the amount of the 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione sodium salt was found to be 112.9 g (0.86 mol) through quantitation. The yield of the salt based on α-hydroxyisobutyramide was 78%.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
Through the method of the present invention, 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione can be produced from acetone cyanohydrin serving as a starting material. The method is industrially advantageous.

Claims

1. A method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4- dione represented by formula (3):
Figure imgf000021_0001
comprising reacting α-hydroxyisobutyramide represented by formula ( 1 ) :
Figure imgf000021_0002
with di( lower alkyl) carbonate and an alkali metal alcoholate, to thereby produce a 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-
2, 4-dione alkali metal salt represented by formula (2);
Figure imgf000021_0003
wherein M represents an alkali metal, and neutralizing the salt with a mineral acid.
2. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1, wherein the di( lower alkyl) carbonate is dimethyl carbonate.
3. The method for producing 5,5-dimethyloxazolidxne- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1, wherein the alkali metal alcoholate is sodium alcoholate.
4. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 3, wherein the sodium alcoholate is sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide.
5. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1, wherein the α- hydroxyisobutyramide has a water content of 3 mass% or less.
6. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1, wherein the α- hydroxyisobutyramide has undergone a treatment for removal of any solvent and water under a melt state at 80°C or higher.
7. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1 or 6, wherein the α- hydroxyisobutyramide has undergone azeotropic distillation for removal of water.
8. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1, wherein the α- hydroxyisobutyramide is produced through hydration of acetone cyanohydrin.
9. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 8, wherein the hydration is carried out in the presence of manganese dioxide serving as a catalyst .
10. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1, wherein proportions by equivalent of the α-hydroxyisobutyramide, di( lower alkyl) carbonate, and alkali metal alcoholate are 1 : 1.1-1.5 : 1.1-1.5.
11. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1 or 10, wherein the α- hydroxyisobutyramide is mixed with the di( lower alkyl) carbonate to form a mixture and, subsequently, the alkali metal alcoholate is added to the mixture for reaction.
12. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 11, wherein a raw material solution to which the alkali metal alcoholate is added has a water content of 2 mass% or less before addition of the alcoholate.
13. The method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 1, wherein formed 5,5- dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione is subjected to neutralization with mineral acid, followed by crystallization .
14. The method for producing 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione as described in claim 13, wherein the crystallization is carried out in the presence of an inorganic salt .
15. A method for purifying 5 , 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2 , 4- dione comprising crystallizing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine- 2, 4-dione in the presence of an inorganic salt.
PCT/JP2001/006229 2000-07-19 2001-07-18 Method for producing 5, 5-dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4-dione WO2002014292A1 (en)

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