WO2002010086A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines quellzements und zugehörige testvorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines quellzements und zugehörige testvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002010086A1 WO2002010086A1 PCT/DE2001/002653 DE0102653W WO0210086A1 WO 2002010086 A1 WO2002010086 A1 WO 2002010086A1 DE 0102653 W DE0102653 W DE 0102653W WO 0210086 A1 WO0210086 A1 WO 0210086A1
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- cement
- swelling
- additive
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- composition
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000883 anti-obesity agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical group [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 34
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 22
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010755 BS 2869 Class G Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940124024 weight reducing agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011545 laboratory measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/008—Cement and like inorganic materials added as expanding or shrinkage compensating ingredients in mortar or concrete compositions, the expansion being the result of a recrystallisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0032—Controlling the process of mixing, e.g. adding ingredients in a quantity depending on a measured or desired value
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
- F04C15/0057—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmission specially adapted for machines or pumps
- F04C15/0061—Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions
- F04C15/0069—Magnetic couplings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
- F04C2/107—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
- F04C2/1071—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type
- F04C2/1073—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type where one member is stationary while the other member rotates and orbits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a controlled expanding swelling cement, which contains a cement, in particular a deep drilling cement, an oxidic, hydratable swelling additive and mixing water. Furthermore, the invention relates to a test device by means of which source cement samples can be subjected to the stress tests required within the method.
- Swelling cements are used for cementing boreholes, especially for annulus cementations between the borehole wall and casing pipe run, for filling up convoluted boreholes, for containment of mud losses in mud loss zones and as a permeability barrier for the effective containment of waste.
- the swelling cements - it is preferably CaO or
- MgO source cements - should be introduced as sludge into the ring space described above after being mixed with fresh or salt water, in order to create a complete, tight and impervious bond between the borehole wall and the casing run.
- the water molecules Due to their dipole character, the water molecules enclose empty spaces between them, which lead to an increased space requirement, as being substantially necessary.
- the hydrated cement clinker phases are electrically charged on their surfaces, so that they electrostatically attract and attach the water molecules (physical fixation of the mixing water).
- the chemically and / or physically fixed mixing water releases a quarter of the space originally taken up (loss of volume), so that the conventional cement slurry contracts due to hydration.
- the conventional cement slurry flows or is free-flowing, it reacts flexibly to the volume loss caused by the chemical and / or physical fixation of the mixing water. After the formation of a stable matrix, the conventional one reacts
- the conventional cements are not in a position to completely fill the annulus between the borehole wall and the casing pipe run (micro-annulus formation) in a borehole containing caliber.
- Deep drilling cement Deep drilling cement, oxidic spring additive and mixing water.
- the reaction of the oxide with the mixing water leads to the formation of a hydroxide.
- hydroxide crystal seedlings are formed which attach themselves to the crystals of the main structural phase (hydrated cement) forming the pore migration in coarser pore channels of the cement matrix.
- the hydroxide crystal seedlings grow there into the pore space and drive the crystals of the main structural phase apart when they reach the opposite pore wall (swelling).
- the swelling cement presses according to its swelling potential into the missing areas and fill them completely with cement. This leads to the sealing of the annular space between the borehole wall and the casing pipe run.
- the swelling potential of the swelling cement leads to a redistribution of the solid phases of the matrix, so that the maxima of the pore radii are shifted to smaller values (decrease in the permeability of the cement matrix).
- swelling cements allow a complete filling of the annular space between the borehole wall and the casing pipe run and thus a safe anchoring of the casing in the intended position, the prevention of fluid and / or gas flows from an intersected geological formation into the formations above or below this formation, the prevention of pressure build-up in the annular space between the borehole wall and the casing casing brought in, the support the brought in casing travel against external pressure load.
- Expansion cements known to date including swelling cement compositions, therefore solve the problem of gas-tight Cementation of annular spaces between the borehole wall and the inserted feed pipe trip is still not.
- the object of the invention is therefore to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art and to enable safe, gas-tight anchoring of casing runs in boreholes.
- a method for producing a controlled expanding swelling cement which contains a cement, an oxidizable hydratable swelling additive and mixing water and in which the quality of the swelling additive is selected with regard to its reactivity-determining properties and / or the composition of the swelling cement, by experimentally determining the swelling and consistency behavior of this swelling cement based on a desired composition, taking into account relevant conditions at the place of filling, and adjusting the quality of the swelling additive and / or the composition of the swelling cement to the desired swelling and consistency behavior.
- the solution to the problem according to the invention comprises a cement sludge circulation system which can be used for assessing the swelling cement within the production method according to the invention, in which the various samples used during the optimization can be subjected to a simulation of the load sequence during the cementation process.
- the cement used within the swelling cement can in principle be any suitable cement, preferably an API deep drilling cement, Class G (ie a deep drilling cement standardized according to API Specification 10A (SPEC 10A)).
- the oxidic, hydratable swelling additive is calcium oxide (CaO, quicklime, fine white lime) or magnesium oxide (MgO). Fresh or salt water can be used as the mixing water.
- the quality of the source additive includes the specification with regard to its reactivity-determining properties.
- the quality of the swelling additive is preferably characterized by a key figure which is used as a measure of the rate of hydration of the swelling additive under standard conditions. Is suitable for the assessment of the CaO
- the ANT method (acid neutralization time method) can be used to assess the reactivity of MgO as a source additive.
- the firing temperature, the degree of firing, the burning time and the degree of grinding (specific surface) of the swelling agent have a decisive influence on the reactivity of the oxidic swelling additive - and thus the index t 60 or the ANT value.
- the basic composition of the source cement is selected according to the cementation process to be used and the geological and technical conditions at the drilling site.
- the dissolution rate of the CaO or MgO swelling additive is also a function of the shear, the temperature and the pressure in the borehole; it is also dependent on the level of the firing temperature of the swelling additives (soft or hard firing), the duration of their firing process (degree of deacidification) and their specific surface (fineness of grinding), as can be determined, for example, using the index t 60 or the ANT value.
- the invention is therefore based on the idea that there cannot be a generally applicable optimal swelling cement composition, but that the composition of the swelling cement and the quality of the swelling additive have to be selected specifically for the respective drilling conditions.
- the formulation of a source cement formulation that is suitable and optimized for a specific borehole section therefore requires the implementation of experimental investigations under largely precisely simulated borehole conditions.
- a further development of the invention provides that the three parameters of pressure, temperature and shear are taken into account as relevant conditions at the filling location.
- the experimental investigation of the source cement samples to determine and set the desired properties includes the most realistic simulation of the conditions to which the source cement to be produced will be exposed during the special cementation task.
- the swelling cement will be exposed to different loads and conditions one after the other: First, certain conditions when starting up (in practice, various on-site starting procedures described below are used) that already influence the initial hydration and the consistency behavior of the cement, then certain dynamic ones Loads during the pumping of the cement to the filling location and finally certain static loads which act on the swelling cement at the filling location during hardening.
- the quality of the swelling additive is decisively determined by the degree of firing, the burning time and the specific surface of the swelling additive, so that these parameters can be used to optimize the swelling cement with regard to the place of use.
- CaO quicklime, fine white lime
- MgO can be used as a swelling additive.
- the CaO content in the swelling cement should preferably be 5% to 20% BWOC (by weight of cement).
- the quality ie the reactivity of the source additive, is preferred via the characteristic number t 60 (CaO) or the ANT value
- additives in particular weighting agents, weight-reducing agents, retarders, accelerators, filtrate depressants and the like, can be added to the swelling cement. be added.
- the desired swelling cement properties are first determined experimentally via the swelling and consistency behavior of the swelling cement, in the following way:
- a practical sample of a swelling cement with such a composition and a quality of the swelling additive, which is suspected that they are suitable for achieving the desired swelling and consistency behavior, is subjected to pressure, temperature and shear stress in a test device , which correspond to the conditions when pumping to the backfill location (these conditions are determined on site or based on similar known formations) (dynamic loading of the sample),
- the sample is examined and evaluated for its properties, in particular its swelling and consistency behavior,
- the sample is stored under the static pressure and temperature conditions of the filling location for a period of time (static load on the sample), the sample is finally evaluated;
- the quality of the swelling additive and / or the composition of the swelling cement is varied, if necessary, and the experimental process is repeated until the evaluation corresponds to expectations.
- the API mixing method is often used for laboratory tests of cement slurries, in which complete deflocculation of the grain collectives of the cement components and aggregates is achieved within a short time. Appropriate starting is not possible in practice. Since the preparation has a significant influence on the initial hydration and the swelling and consistency behavior of the swelling cement, it is essential to the invention for the method disclosed here that the experimentally investigated swelling cement samples are not made in a laboratory but "in a practical manner".
- “Practical dressing” in the sense of the invention is understood to be one with which a method provided in practice for dressing the swelling cement is correctly simulated.
- Common mixing methods in cementing practice are: Low Pressure Hopper Mixing, Low Pressure Recirculation Mixing and High Pressure Recirculation Mixing. These mixing processes are simulated in the laboratory, for example, using a paddle stirrer and centrifugal pump, and the characteristic properties of the cement sludge are used to check whether the mixing process simulated in the laboratory is "practical", i.e. whether it corresponds to the preparation procedure provided for the application.
- the swelling cement sample which simulates the situation during pumping, should also include the heating-up speed to be expected for the application and the consideration of the pumping time.
- the parameters of pressure, temperature and heating rate for a given pumping speed and pumping time can be easily determined for the respective cementation task or are known for the drilling location.
- the shear stress that the swelling cement will be exposed to in practice varies and depends, among other things, on the pumping rate, borehole geometry and rheology of the cement slurry.
- the cement slurry experiences shear loads of around 3 [s "1 ] within the anchor pipe tour and up to 644 [s " 1 ] in the annulus of a production pipe tour.
- This fire range of the shear loads is due to different pumping rates and different borehole geometries.
- the properties of the cement sludge, in particular the stiffening time, are decisively influenced by the amount and duration of the shear stress during pumping.
- the shear stresses to be used for the experimental investigations of the dynamic load can be determined, for example, using the Power Law flow model, as described in "Purvis, DL, et al.," Thickening Time Test Apparatus Provided Method of Simulating Actual Shear History of Oilwell Cements " , paper SPE 26576, 1993, 68 th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Houston, Texas, October 3-6 "and” Reed, RD, et al., "A New Model for laminar, transitional, and Turbulent Flow of Drilling Muds ", Paper SPE 25456, 1993, the Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, OK, March 21-23".
- an average practical shear rate is determined, with the aid of which, taking into account the effective pipe diameter of the circulation system, the pumping rate is determined with which the source cement sample is to be pumped around in the circulation system for an optimal simulation of the conditions at the cementation site.
- the dynamic loading of the sample in the test device is followed by a first examination and evaluation of relevant properties of the source cement sample, in particular its swelling and consistency behavior.
- the sample is preferably optimized primarily on the basis of the change in volume during the curing of the sample (swelling behavior).
- the volume change can, for example, with the help of an HPHT
- the consistency behavior of a source cement sample is measured (after corresponding dynamic preloading, as described above) in a consistor meter, as is generally known to the person skilled in the art.
- BC values are determined as key figures for the resistance of the cement slurry when sheared in the consistor meter. It can be assumed that sludges with values ⁇ 100 BC can no longer be pumped, while slurries ⁇ 30 BC are well pumpable.
- the key figures TT (stiffening time) and t 30 (time span until a BC value of 30 is reached) can be determined from measurements of the consistency behavior and used to assess the consistency behavior of the source cement sample. Samples that would not be pumpable under the conditions at the drilling site are already ruled out here.
- the first (positive) evaluation of the sample is followed by storage of the sample under the static pressure and temperature conditions of the filling location for a certain time (during curing). This storage period after which the
- the sample is finally assessed should preferably be at least 40 days, more preferably at least 60 days.
- the sample can be stored under fresh water, salt water and reservoir water.
- the final assessment and evaluation of the sample is generally carried out in advance by a visual assessment of the integrity of the sample and then preferably on the basis of the system permeability, which provides information about the absolute gas tightness, and further preferably on the basis of the pressure and shear strength values.
- the method disclosed here for producing a swelling cement which expands in a controlled manner leads, as explained, to a cement mixture which is specifically adapted to the cementation task in each individual case. Only in this way can optimally gas-tight and high-strength cementing results be achieved with a high degree of certainty.
- the method is therefore suitable for demanding cementing tasks, such as the ring cementation of boreholes, which is primarily used as the intended purpose.
- the process provides a recipe for a special swelling cement and a swelling cement dry mix, which is processed with the mixing water to a ready-to-use swelling cement if required.
- the test device is a cement sludge circulation system in which the sample is circulated under defined pressure, temperature and shear stress.
- Pressure, temperature and shear stress represent the conditions relevant for the selection of the cement formulation at the filling location (including the conditions during pumping).
- the cement sludge circulation system is further characterized according to the invention by the following features: a heatable and pressurizable circulation path; - A circulating pump connected to the circulation section and controllably driven;
- the essence of the invention is to use the "lime and magnesia blowing" in a controlled manner within a source cement composition specially designed for a specific cementation task. For this it is necessary that the matrix-expanding hydroxide crystal growth takes place essentially within the plastically deformable phase of the source cement hydration.
- Fig. 1 shows the gel strength and strength development of a CaO swelling cement (Gst), the rate of hydration of the CaO swelling additive used (V H ) and the matrix expansion of the CaO swelling cement (? M ) as a function of time.
- the time axis is divided into three sections S 0 (the CaO swelling cement slurry is in the liquid state), S 1 (the CaO swelling cement is already stable in space, but plastically deformable) and S 2 (the CaO swelling cement has hardened).
- the CaO swelling additive has been selected with regard to reactivity, taking into account relevant borehole conditions, shear, pressure and temperature (case c), the swelling potential of the product can be implemented in a useful way.
- Fig. 1 c shows that due to the rate of hydration of the CaO swelling additive, which is appropriate for the borehole conditions, the calcium hydroxide largely crystallizes out (7) in the plastically deformable phase of the CaO swelling cement (S x ).
- the implementation of a low residual swelling potential (? 2 ) in hardened cement block (S 2 ) is desirable if the cement block deforms in the elastic area as a result of the implementation of the residual swelling potential in the elastic area leads to increased contact tension to the surfaces adjacent to the cement block (borehole wall, casing pipe travel), so that the required gas tightness route cemented with CaO source cement is considerably improved.
- the necessary experimental investigations first require a practical preparation of the swelling cement, as already described above.
- the swelling cement slurry must then be exposed according to the borehole conditions and the planned cementation process, for example in the cement slurry circulation system according to the invention (see Fig. 2) or in an apparatus with comparable possibilities of pressure, temperature and shear stress.
- the swelling cement slurry shows the state that the same recipe would have after the pumping on site.
- the swelling cement slurry is then examined for its consistency and expansion behavior.
- Some of the swelling cement sludge loaded in the cement slurry circulation system is stored in appropriate test forms under simulated pressure and temperature conditions in the autoclave in order to assess the long-term stability behavior of the swelling cement after a corresponding storage period. Tap water, reservoir water or a salt solution of any salt concentration can be used as the storage medium.
- Desired sludge properties Density: 1. 650 [kg / m 3 ]
- FIG. 2 shows a Zemen sludge circulation system suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- a circulation pump 2 here a Moineau circulation pump, is included in the circulation section 1.
- the cement to be examined is fed to the circulation pump from a mixing container 3 in which the dry basic cement mixture to be examined is mixed with mixing water, i.e. is turned on in a practical manner. From here, the cement slurry is circulated within the circulation section 1.
- an adjustable pressure can be applied to the circulation section.
- a pressure build-up pump 7 (with safety valve 8) is connected to the line via a pressure booster 6.
- the pumped cement slurry is tempered with the aid of the heater 14.
- sampling point 15 samples of the pumped sludge can be taken for examinations.
- Sampling device 9 and sampling point 15 are connected to the circulation path 1 via a connecting valve 16. Especially when the circulation path is filled, it can be vented with the aid of a vent valve 13. At the end of the experiment, the cement slurry is discharged through the outlet valve 11.
- the circulation system shown in this exemplary embodiment enables practice-oriented shear, pressure and temperature loading of the practical source cement, ie the experimental investigations on the dynamic loading of the source cement samples are carried out in it.
- the preloaded Source cement slurry is then examined for expansion and consistency behavior (for example in HPHT measuring systems).
- test forms are filled with the preloaded swelling cement slurry, which are stored in an autoclave for at least 40 days, better at least two months, under pT conditions. After evacuation from the autoclave, these samples are measured for system permeability, pressure and shear strength.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01957716A EP1305263A1 (de) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines quellzements und zugehörige testvorrichtung |
AU2001279563A AU2001279563A1 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-20 | Method for production of an expanding cement and corresponding test device |
NO20030414A NO20030414D0 (no) | 2000-07-28 | 2003-01-27 | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av brönnsement og tilhörende testanordning |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10037118.3 | 2000-07-28 | ||
DE2000137118 DE10037118A1 (de) | 2000-07-28 | 2000-07-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Quellzements und zugehörige Testvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002010086A1 true WO2002010086A1 (de) | 2002-02-07 |
Family
ID=7650739
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2001/002653 WO2002010086A1 (de) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-20 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines quellzements und zugehörige testvorrichtung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1305263A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001279563A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10037118A1 (de) |
NO (1) | NO20030414D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002010086A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003068708A1 (en) * | 2002-02-16 | 2003-08-21 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Cement compositions for high temperature applications |
CN102825663A (zh) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-19 | 贵州师范大学 | 一种确定水工混凝土中MgO安定掺量的方法 |
WO2014116251A1 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-07-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring and validating cementing operations using connection flow monitor (cfm) systems |
CN104266930A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种固井自修复材料性能的测试方法及测试装置 |
US8965789B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2015-02-24 | MASSPAY Sp. z o.o. | Method for authorization of a transaction with the use of mobile phone |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7866394B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2011-01-11 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Compositions and methods of cementing in subterranean formations using a swelling agent to inhibit the influx of water into a cement slurry |
US7690429B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2010-04-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of using a swelling agent in a wellbore |
US7891424B2 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2011-02-22 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Methods of delivering material downhole |
US7870903B2 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2011-01-18 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc. | Inverse emulsion polymers as lost circulation material |
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US3779085A (en) * | 1972-07-24 | 1973-12-18 | E Rice | Means and method of testing expansive concrete |
US4145143A (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1979-03-20 | Fontaine Albert M | Method of controlling the properties of a mixture |
US4448751A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1984-05-15 | Shell Oil Company | Apparatus for testing a nitrogen-gas-stabilized cement |
SU1317100A2 (ru) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-06-15 | Московское Научно-Производственное Объединение "Нефтегазавтоматика" | Устройство дл измерени расширени тампонажных материалов |
CA1270378A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-06-19 | John R. Delorey | Rheometer bob mechanism |
GB2320246A (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-06-17 | Nalco Exxon Energy Chem Lp | Expanding additive for cement composition |
US6055874A (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-05-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Apparatus and method for simulating well bore conditions |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19537874C2 (de) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-10-23 | Dyckerhoff Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Feinstzement-/Feinstbindemittelsuspensionen |
-
2000
- 2000-07-28 DE DE2000137118 patent/DE10037118A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-07-20 EP EP01957716A patent/EP1305263A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-20 WO PCT/DE2001/002653 patent/WO2002010086A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-20 AU AU2001279563A patent/AU2001279563A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-01-27 NO NO20030414A patent/NO20030414D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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US3779085A (en) * | 1972-07-24 | 1973-12-18 | E Rice | Means and method of testing expansive concrete |
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SU1317100A2 (ru) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-06-15 | Московское Научно-Производственное Объединение "Нефтегазавтоматика" | Устройство дл измерени расширени тампонажных материалов |
CA1270378A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-06-19 | John R. Delorey | Rheometer bob mechanism |
GB2320246A (en) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-06-17 | Nalco Exxon Energy Chem Lp | Expanding additive for cement composition |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003068708A1 (en) * | 2002-02-16 | 2003-08-21 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Cement compositions for high temperature applications |
US8965789B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2015-02-24 | MASSPAY Sp. z o.o. | Method for authorization of a transaction with the use of mobile phone |
CN102825663A (zh) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-19 | 贵州师范大学 | 一种确定水工混凝土中MgO安定掺量的方法 |
WO2014116251A1 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-07-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring and validating cementing operations using connection flow monitor (cfm) systems |
US10125569B2 (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2018-11-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring and validating cementing operations using connection flow monitor (CFM) systems |
CN104266930A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种固井自修复材料性能的测试方法及测试装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20030414L (no) | 2003-01-27 |
NO20030414D0 (no) | 2003-01-27 |
AU2001279563A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
DE10037118A1 (de) | 2002-02-14 |
EP1305263A1 (de) | 2003-05-02 |
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