WO2002008816A2

WO2002008816A2 - Optic cable and conduit or pipe system comprising an installed optic cable

Info

Publication number: WO2002008816A2
Application number: PCT/DE2001/002750
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lothar Finzel; Peter Dotzer
Original assignee: Ccs Technology Inc.
Priority date: 2000-07-20
Filing date: 2001-07-20
Publication date: 2002-01-31
Also published as: AU2001278390A1; WO2002008816A3; DE10035267B4; DE10035267A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an optic cable comprising a core element (25), which forms a closed interior chamber, in which at least one optic transmission element (24) is arranged. Reinforcement elements (26), which are resistant to longitudinal and transversal traction are arranged adjacently around the periphery of the cable (23) and together surround the core element (25) around its periphery. A retaining element (27, 22) surrounds said reinforcement elements (26) and fixes them in position in the radial direction of the cable (23). The prestressed, highly resistant reinforcement elements (26) are arranged in such a way that they abut each other linearly in the longitudinal direction and mutually fix their position by transversal pressure in the peripheral direction. The cable (4) is guyed between conduit or pipe manholes (2) of a conduit or pipe system (1) at guy points (18). The transmission characteristics of the cable are therefore not substantially affected as a result of its structure.

Description

description

Optical cable and duct or pipe system with an installed optical cable

The present invention relates to an optical cable and a duct or pipe system with such an installed optical cable.

Sewer or pipe systems, in particular sewer systems or sewer pipe systems, are often used to lay fiber-optic cable networks, for example, for telecommunications purposes. Renovation work or repair measures are often combined with the laying of such a cable network. Overall, this makes it possible to implement inexpensive retrofitting of optical cable networks, especially in urban areas.

EP 0 942 504 AI describes a method for fastening cables in duct or pipe systems. The cable is tensioned between two duct entrances at guy points, so that it runs in the upper area of a horizontally running sewage pipe. A sag of the cable can occur in some areas of the horizontal sewage pipe. The cable is anchored in the shafts of the respective duct entrances.

Since fastening elements are comparatively cumbersome to install in horizontally running waste water pipes according to the above-mentioned technology, fastening elements are preferably not provided there or the cable is supported with the greatest sag. Due to the earth's gravity and a limited maximum permissible tensile force on the entire cable, only a certain maximum number of fibers for the optical cable to be laid is possible in such a laying construction because of the increasing weight of the cable that the sag of the cable does not become too large due to the weight. If the sag is too great, the flow properties in the sewer or pipe system can be adversely affected. If the tensile force is higher than the maximum permissible tensile force, the transmission properties of the cable can be negatively influenced as a result of the load.

The object of the present invention is to provide an optical cable which can be laid in a duct or pipe system with comparatively little effort without the transmission properties of the optical cable being significantly influenced as a result of the laying.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a channel or pipe system in which such a cable is installed.

The object relating to the optical cable is achieved by an optical cable according to patent claim 1.

The object relating to the sewer or pipe system is achieved by a sewer or pipe system according to claim 12 with at least one optical cable according to the invention installed, in which the cable is braced between sewer or pipe entrances at guy points.

The cable according to the invention is characterized in particular by a high transverse compressive strength and a high tensile strength with a comparatively low weight and good flexibility. The duct or pipe system has, for example, a kink or branch point at which two different longitudinal directions of the duct or pipe system intersect. At such a kink or junction or entry point, the guyed cable is exposed to a comparatively large transverse compressive force, which is the result of the tensile force for the guy of the cable results. This calls for a comparatively high transverse compressive strength of the cable.

A bending line of the cable bent at the deflection point is arranged in the middle of the symmetrically constructed cable. The high-strength reinforcement elements absorb both the tensile force and the resulting transverse force. The reinforcing elements are arranged in such a way that they are supported against one another under transverse pressure and thus form a "vault" which is stable against transverse pressure. This makes it possible for a large part of the resulting transverse force not to be transmitted to the core element. The reinforcing elements are advantageously circular. The core element is also advantageously circular, so that the transverse compressive force can be effectively absorbed into the cable. By effectively deriving the resulting transverse compressive force, optical waveguides contained in the interior of the core element are not exposed to any transverse compressive force. As a result, their transmission properties in particular are not adversely affected by deformation or the like.

A holding element is provided for fixing the reinforcing elements in the radial direction of the cable. The holding element is formed, for example, in the form of a stable cable sheath, which encloses the reinforcing elements in a form-fitting manner.

As a result, the reinforcement elements are held together by the non-formable cable sheath, which is formed, for example, from plastic (HDPE). The reinforcement elements are designed, for example, in the form of reinforcement wires. The cable jacket is applied during production so that the

Outside of the reinforcement wires or the reinforcement elements are embedded in the plastic as far as possible and thus the cross-pressure-stable "vault" is retained even under point loading.

Furthermore, the reinforcing elements can also be held together as a composite by using a instead of a cable sheath

In one embodiment of the invention, the duct or pipe system has one or more kinks or branch points at which two different longitudinal directions of the duct or pipe system intersect. A deflection bend over which the cable is guided is provided at the respective kink or branch point. The deflection bend has a guide recess for the positive reception of the cable. The distance between the reinforcing elements and the guideway of the deflection bend should be chosen as small as possible so that the power flow is closed in the shortest possible way and the cable sheath material cannot flow.

In a further embodiment of the duct or pipe system, a cover device is applied to the deflection bend, so that the cable to the inside of the duct or pipe system is covered and secured in position. This can provide additional protection for the cable at the deflection point. In addition, the cable is secured in position during initial installation and is also protected, for example, during cleaning work in the sewer or pipe system.

In an advantageous embodiment, the covering device has a guide groove towards the inside of the duct or pipe system. This guide groove is used, for example, to receive a cleaning hose, which is used in particular to supply cleaning agents for cleaning work in the sewer or pipe system. This protects it from damage and wear.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a plate-shaped fastening element is provided for fastening the cable, which is fastened flatly to an inner wall of the duct or pipe system. The cable for tensioning is attached to this fastening element. By providing the plate-shaped fastener, a local Pressure load on the inner wall of the sewer or pipe system can be reduced. The fastening element enables a flat distribution of the respective forces. In particular, tilting moments are avoided when attaching the cable to the respective shaft wall. This is particularly advantageous if comparatively heavily pre-stressed or heavy cables or several cables are installed in the duct or pipe system, which are braced parallel to one another between the duct or pipe entries. When several cables laid in parallel or cables with comparatively high tension are supported, the tensile force on the respective shaft wall is greatly increased.

Further advantageous developments and developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures shown in the drawing, which each represent exemplary embodiments of the invention. Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a sewer

System with an installed cable,

FIG. 2 shows a section of the duct system according to FIG. 1,

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an optical

Single cable,

FIGS. 4 and 5 each show cross-sectional representations of an optical cable with several core elements,

FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional illustration of a deflection bend,

Figure 7 is a detailed view of an attachment for

Bracing a cable,

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act as a counter bearing for the guying. The corresponding cable is branched off to a subscriber 10 via a transverse bore 11 or a pre-installed pipe. The connection to subscriber 10 is established via an above-ground sleeve 8.

Figure 3 shows the structure of a cable according to the invention in cross section. The cable 23 has a core element 25 running in the longitudinal direction of the cable, which forms a closed interior in which optical fibers 24 are arranged. Reinforcing elements 26 are provided, which are designed to be particularly resistant to slow pull and transverse pressure and which are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction of the cable 23. The reinforcing elements running in the longitudinal direction surround the core element 25 in the circumferential direction. The reinforcing elements 26, which are designed, for example, in the form of reinforcement wires or beam wires, touch or contact in the longitudinal direction in a line-like manner. They thus fix each other in the circumferential direction under transverse pressure. If a transverse compressive force 20 acts on the cable 23 as a result of a longitudinal tensile force 19, the reinforcing elements are supported against one another and thus form a stable "arch". For this purpose, the reinforcing elements 26 and the outer diameter of the core element 25 are manufactured with a correspondingly low tolerance. Both the reinforcement elements 26 and the core element 25 are calibrated for this. The reinforcing elements 26 also advantageously provide effective protection, for example against rodent bites.

The reinforcing elements 26 absorb both the required longitudinal force and the resulting transverse pressure. As a result, the core element and the optical waveguides contained therein are not deformed as a result of the transverse pressure, for example at a kink in the duct system. The arrangement of the reinforcing elements 26 is achieved, for example, by a molded, non-moldable plastic cable sheath (HDPE) secured. The gusset-shaped areas between the reinforcing elements 26 are completely filled. For securing the position of the reinforcing elements 26 on the production side, it is also possible to partially embed them in the plastic of the cable sheath 27. The reinforcing elements 26 are extrusion-coated with plastic in the outer third.

The reinforcing elements 26 can alternatively or additionally also be held together by a spiral, which is not shown in FIG. 3. This can be wound onto the cable directly before the cable installation or directly onto the reinforcement elements or reinforcement wires. The pitch of the spiral turns should advantageously be chosen to be as small as possible. This ensures a high transverse compressive strength with optimal flexibility.

The optical waveguides are advantageously arranged in a core element 25 which has a certain transverse pressure stability. As a result, the core element can absorb residual forces that are not completely diverted by the reinforcing elements 26 when transverse pressure is exerted.

So that the sensitive optical waveguides are not damaged when the cable is unclamped when the cable is stretched as a result, the optical waveguides are advantageously introduced into the core element in a longitudinal manner with an excess length compared to the cable length. The excess length should at least correspond to the expected stretching of the cable when tensioning. The excess length can be achieved by using the fibers at a higher speed than that

Core element to be introduced. However, it is also possible to subsequently shorten the core element compared to the fibers by means of beads.

The core element 25, also referred to as a so-called Maxitube, is advantageously formed from metal and welded in a longitudinally watertight and gas-tight manner. The core element 25 is advantageously welded seamlessly, as this enables optimal symmetry and a high degree of lateral pressure stability to be achieved. Alternatively, the core element can also be formed from plastic.

A further embodiment of a cable according to the invention is shown in FIG. The cable has a plurality of core elements 25 arranged next to one another, in each of which optical waveguides 24 are arranged. The core elements 25 are each surrounded by reinforcing elements 26. The reinforcing elements 26 are surrounded by a respective cable sheath 271, 272 and 273 for each core element and fixed by this. The respective cable sheaths are connected to one another via a respective web 29. This creates a compact and relatively flexible ribbon-shaped flat cable 28 in which a comparatively large number of optical fibers can be guided. If necessary, the web 29 can be severed. As a result, the flat cable 28 can be separated into individual cables in places. This means that the respective individual cable can be accessed at the appropriate points.

A further embodiment of the cable according to the invention is shown in FIG. The cable sheaths 271 to 273 of the cable 31 are connected to one another in such a way that gore-shaped regions 9 are formed between the respective core elements 25. With this arrangement, dimensions, volume and weight can be saved compared to the arrangement according to FIG.

The interior of the core element or elements 25 is preferably provided with a water-repellent filler, so that the cable and in particular the optical waveguides as a whole are sealed in a longitudinally watertight manner. For this purpose, the interior is filled, for example, with swellable material such as powder or fleece, which stops water from penetrating in the event of damage. The metal parts of the cable, especially the reinforcements Cooling elements 26 are advantageously provided with a passivation layer, for example a zinc layer, in order to avoid corrosion.

Since the reinforcing elements 26 touch each other like a line, the material of the cable sheath cannot penetrate into the spaces between the core element 25 and the reinforcing elements 26, or only with difficulty, during the manufacture of the cable. The spaces between the core element 25 and the reinforcing elements 26 are therefore preferably filled with a water-repellent, corrosion-resistant material.

In order to allow the cable to stretch as little as possible during tensioning, the reinforcement elements 26 are each made of a high-strength material, such as spring steel, which is pre-stretched to a yield point and can therefore absorb very high tensile forces without any significant stretch. As a result, the lateral pressure stability can be improved somewhat.

FIG. 2 shows a section of a duct system 1 according to FIG. 1. The cable 4 is anchored at the guy point 18, which is fastened in the form of an eyelet in the wall 48 of the duct system 1. The deflection bend 12 is attached to the branch point K with two retaining bolts 13. The pulling force 19 is exerted on the cable 4 at both ends of the cable. This creates a resulting transverse force 20 at the branch point K, which acts on the cable at the deflection point. The cable 4 is designed like a cable according to Figures 3 to 5. Therefore, only a common guide groove is required on the deflection bend, even if there are several core elements. This also effectively supports and positions a flat cable.

To support the cable 4 at the guy point 18, a guy element 21 is provided, which is spiral in the longitudinal direction is applied non-positively and frictionally to the outer circumference of the cable 4. The spiral guy 21 is attached to the inner wall 48 of the duct system via the guy 18. At the kink K, the cable 4 is additionally wrapped with a further reinforcing element 22 in the form of a lower spiral. This absorbs a large part of the resulting transverse force 20 and holds the reinforcing elements or reinforcement wires together as a "vault". The tensioning spiral 21 in particular creates a frictional and non-positive connection to the cable.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section through a deflection bend 12 which leads a plurality of cables 4 and 5, respectively. At the location of the deflection bend 12 at which a transverse pressure is exerted, the guidance and support of the cable 4 by a guide groove 14 is provided within the deflection bend 12. This is adapted to the specific form. Correspondingly, further guide grooves are provided which are used to guide further cables laid in parallel. The distance between the parallel tensioned cables is determined by the arrangement of the guide grooves on the outside of the deflection bend. The profile of the guide grooves is advantageously dimensioned in such a way that they both support the cables and also specify a defined distance between a plurality of cables laid in parallel. For this purpose, the respective cables are positively received by the respective guide groove.

For additional protection of the cables at the deflection point, a covering device 17 is provided, which is applied to the deflection bend 12. As a result, the respective cables to

Inside the canal covered and secured. The covering device 17 in turn has a guide groove 15 towards the interior of the channel. This is suitable, for example, for guiding a cleaning hose inserted into the duct system and protecting it from damage and wear. In this embodiment, the covering device 17 is fastened to the deflection bend 12 with fastening pins 16. FIG. 7 shows a detailed illustration of a fastening for bracing a cable in the duct system according to FIG. 1. FIG. 7 shows in particular the course of forces on the holding element 18 designed as a towing eye, to which the cable is fastened and tensioned. The force 60 acts on the holding element 18 as a result of the cable bracing. This results in the resulting compressive stresses 50, which act as comparatively high point loads on the wall 48 of the duct system. In particular when several parallel cables or a flat cable with several core elements are supported, this load on the shaft wall 48 is thus greatly increased. In particular, a comparatively large overturning moment 49 arises.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show a top view and a side view, respectively, of a fastening plate 51 which is fastened flat to the inner wall 48 of the duct system. The mounting plate 51 is connected to the inner wall 48 via counter bearing 53. The cables are fastened to the fastening plate 51 via a respective turnbuckle 52. The turnbuckles 52 are in turn attached to the guy points 18. The mounting plate 51 enables a flat distribution of the forces acting on the wall 48. A tilting moment is avoided when using such a compensating plate. This is particularly recommended for brick or older sewer systems. These have only a low pressure resistance. Masonry is particularly sensitive to pressure. Individual stones can break or flake off.

Claims

claims

1. Optical cable

with a core element (25) extending in the longitudinal direction of the cable (23), which forms a closed interior in which at least one optical transmission element (24) is arranged,

with reinforcing elements (26) which are designed to be resistant to slow pull and transverse pressure, which are arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction of the core element and which run in the longitudinal direction of the core element and which surround the core element (25) in the circumferential direction in the composite,

with a holding element (27, 22) which surrounds the reinforcing elements (26) and fixes its position in the radial direction of the cable (23),

- in which the reinforcing elements (26) are positioned in the radial direction by the core element (25) and are arranged in such a way that they contact one another linearly in the longitudinal direction and fix each other in the circumferential direction under transverse pressure, the reinforcing elements (26) each consisting of one are made of high-strength material that is pre-stretched to a yield point.

2. Optical cable according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the reinforcing elements (26) are each made of spring steel.

3. Optical cable according to claim 1 or 2, so that the holding element is formed by a cable jacket (27) which contacts the reinforcing elements (26) in a form-fitting manner.

4. Optical cable according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the holding element is formed by a further reinforcing element (22) which is wound spirally in the longitudinal direction of the cable (4).

5. Optical cable according to one of claims 1 to 4, that the core element (25) is formed from metal and is welded in the longitudinal direction in a water-tight and gas-tight manner.

6. Optical cable according to claim 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the core element (25) is seamlessly welded.

7. Optical cable according to claim 5 or 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that

Gaps between the core element (25) and the reinforcing elements (26) are filled with a water-repellent, corrosion-resistant material.

8. Optical cable according to one of claims 1 to 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the core element (25) is formed from plastic.

9. Optical cable according to one of claims 1 to 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that

a plurality of core elements (25) arranged next to one another are provided, in the interior of which at least one optical transmission element (24) is arranged,

- The core elements (25) are each surrounded by reinforcing elements (26),

the reinforcing elements (26) are surrounded and fixed by a respective cable sheath (271 to 273) for each core element,

- The respective cable sheaths (271 to 273) are connected to one another so that the optical cable (28, 31) is band-shaped.

10. Optical cable according to claim 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the cable sheaths (271 to 273) are connected to each other by a respective web (29).

11. Optical cable according to claim 9, so that the cable sheaths (271 to 273) are connected to one another and the core elements (25) are arranged in such a way that twisted areas (9) are formed between the respective core elements (25).

12. Channel or pipe system with at least one installed optical cable according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the cable (4) between duct or pipe entrances (2) is guyed at guy points (18).

13. sewer or pipe system according to claim 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that

- The duct or pipe system (1) has at least one kink or branch point (K) at which two different longitudinal directions (ZAl, ZA2) of the duct or pipe system (1) intersect, - at the kink or branch point (K) Deflection bend (12) is provided, over which the cable (4) is guided,

- The deflection bend (12) has a guide recess (14) for the positive reception of the cable (4).

14. Channel or pipe system according to claim 13, characterized in that a covering device (17) is applied to the deflection bend (12), so that the cable (4) to the inside of the channel or pipe system is protected against external mechanical stress and is secured.

15. sewer or pipe system according to claim 14, characterized in that the covering device (17) has a guide groove (15) towards the inside of the duct or pipe system.

16. Channel or pipe system according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that a guy element (21) is provided, which is spirally applied in the longitudinal direction on the outer circumference of the cable (4) and on an inner wall (48) of the sewer or pipe system is attached.

17. Channel or pipe system according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that a plate-shaped fastening element (51) is provided, which is attached flat to an inner wall (48) of the channel or pipe system, and on which the cable (4th ) is attached to the guy.

18. Channel or pipe system according to one of claims 12 to 17, so that several optical cables (4, 5) are installed, which are braced parallel to one another between the channel or pipe entrances (2).