WO2001092382A1 - Films and uses thereof - Google Patents
Films and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001092382A1 WO2001092382A1 PCT/EP2001/006187 EP0106187W WO0192382A1 WO 2001092382 A1 WO2001092382 A1 WO 2001092382A1 EP 0106187 W EP0106187 W EP 0106187W WO 0192382 A1 WO0192382 A1 WO 0192382A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- wound
- particles
- cellulose
- film according
- Prior art date
Links
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004393 lidocaine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YECIFGHRMFEPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].CC[NH+](CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C YECIFGHRMFEPJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002509 miconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000988 nystatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N nystatin A1 Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/CC/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003883 ointment base Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZPAKFUAFGMUPI-KGIGTXTPSA-N oleandomycin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@H](C)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@]2(OC2)C[C@H](C)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C RZPAKFUAFGMUPI-KGIGTXTPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019367 oleandomycin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003600 silver sulfadiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UEJSSZHHYBHCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) sulfadiazinate Chemical compound [Ag+].C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-]C1=NC=CC=N1 UEJSSZHHYBHCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002180 tetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUSNMLFNXJSCDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolnaftate Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1OC(=S)N(C)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1 FUSNMLFNXJSCDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004880 tolnaftate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
- C08L1/06—Cellulose hydrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/06—Cellulose hydrate
Definitions
- the gauze-type dressings are not without their disadvantages. For instance, frequent changes of such dressings are necessary in order to observe the healing process and to apply medication. Such changes are often accompanied by discomfort to the patient since some adherence to the wound or wound exudate normally occurs. Moreover, the gauze-type dressings do not protect the wound from extraneous bacteria nor do they control the proper moisture balance favourable to healing. Gauze is not lint-free and the deposition of lint on wound surfaces is considered undesirable.
- the first method of allogeneic grafting uses human skin from donors, and this method is extremely rarely used since as well as requiring donors to submit themselves to extensive traumas, the benefits of this type of grafting are transitory as the graft only lasts for a maximum of two weeks.
- Grafting human skin from cadavers is almost never used, due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining cadavers at the appropriate time, together with their entire medical histories. There also exist ethical and legal difficulties, as well as objections from the family of the deceased.
- Use of an amniotic membrane requires a careful choice of donor, and the total absence of risk of contamination. The membrane must be prepared by a specialised team in a medical centre, and must be done within twelve hours. Like artificial skin substitutes, amniotic membranes are not durable lasting no more than a week.
- Hydrophilic polymer gels of polyethylene oxide and their use as wound dressings are described in U.S. 3,419,006 and suggested to be particularly useful in the treatment of bums, surgical and accidental injuries to the skin and eyes, and in a variety of dermatological applications. These gel dressings are alleged to provide a barrier to bacteria and viruses, to be permeable to vapors and gases while being impermeable to fluids, and to control the moisture environment of the wound.
- microbially-produced cellulose denotes cellulose produced by a microbe.
- a microbial cellulose gel denotes a solid colloidal solution of microbially-produced cellulose in a physiologically-acceptable liquid such as deionised water, saline or glycerol.
- WO 00/05310 (University of Minnesota) describes a method of making edible films to pack food using as a raw material non-wood sources of cellulose fibers. Such films are formed from entangled micro-fibers of cellulose optionally dispersed within lipids and thus have a woven or entangled discontinuous structure of cellulose unlike a conventional cellulose sheet.
- the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the films herein may be measured in standard test ASTM E 96 at 37°C and 30% relative humidity (RH) using the water method for the dry film and the inverted water method for the wet film.
- WVTR of the dry film is from about 2000 to about 4,000 g/m 2 .d, more preferably from about 2,500 to about 3,000 g ⁇ n 2 .d.
- the wet film may show from about 5 to about 15 fold, preferably from about 5 to about 8 fold higher WVTR than the same film when dry.
- the film is easy to handle because it is relatively stiff when dry and yet becomes pliable and/or elastic after wetting which enables easy draping on the wound. Furthermore handling is also good because of the mechanical stability of the material.
- the film can be applied delicately over the injured region and because of the optimised surface roughness it can be readily but rapidly positioned adjacent the wound with a much reduced tendency to form air bubbles or blood secretions between the wound and the film.
- the film quickly absorbs exudate from the wound and this process is enhanced because of the increased film surface area due to the roughened surface.
- the film allows the exudate to coagulate within the film and thus form a bridge between the film and the wound. Coagulation can also occur before the exudate has penetrated the film, for example both in the microscopic spaces existing between the particles on the film and on the wound surface.
- this improved adhesion prevents hydro-electrolytic losses and substantially reduces the risk of infection.
- the particulate material is itself any natural fiber (such as cellulosic fiber, wool pulp, cotton linters, vegetable fiber, hemp and/or sisial), synthetic fiber (such as viscose, polyester, and/or nylon) and/or particles of any shape such as spherical and/or amorphous particles (e.g. ground cellulose, cellulose spheres, amorphous polysaccharides, starch, chitin, super absorbent polyacrylate powder and/or silver zinc zeolite particles).
- the particulate material comprises cellulosic particles, such as cellulose fibers.
- the cellulose fibers may be substantially from a wood source, for example at least 90% from a wood source.
- the film of the invention is provided in a form directly suitable for use in wound dressing, more preferably as a sterile and packaged form capable and effective for such a use, most preferably in a form which has obtained the necessary regulatory approval for use in such an application.
- Dressings of the present invention may optionally be impregnated with one or more active ingredients, such as chemotherapeutic agents, medicinal agents and/or additives which may be fluid, preferably powder, cream or liquid.
- the dressings can contain topical anaesthetics such as butamben picrate, lidocaine hydrochloride, piperocaine hydrochloride and the like; bacteriostatic agents such as silver zinc zeolite particles, silver nitrate (0.5% solution), sulfa drugs, for example, 10% suspension of p-aminomethyl- benzene sulfonamide in a water dispersible cream, benzalkonium chloride and the like; antibiotics such as bacitracin, neomycin, aureomycin, tetracycline, penicillin, polymyxin, streptomycin, signemycin, erthromycin, oleandomycin, and the like; topical steroids such as prednisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortis
- the quantity of the aforementioned medicinal agents, chemotherapeutic agents or additives which can be incorporated into the dressings of the present invention will, of course, be dependent upon the particular agent, its solubility, and the presence of other additives. In general, however, the agents will be employed in a therapeutic amount. This can range from about, 0.0001 % and lower, upwards to about 40% and higher by weight of the film.
- the dressings of the present invention may be used as wet or dry dressings in combination with an occlusive film backing for some applications.
- the dressing may provide a source of moisture over an extended period of time and ensure an antibacterial environment.
- a dressing of the present invention which is also impregnated with an aqueous solution containing an antimicrobial agent, may be applied to such an ulcer and covered with an occlusive film backing to prevent evaporation of moisture from the dressing.
- Such liquids may be intended specifically for use with burns to provide for evaporation from the dressing to provide a cooling effect over the wound area.
- Such dressings may comprise an evaporative liquid which may be water, saline or a water/glycerol or water/polyethylene glycol solution and are not covered with an occlusive backing film during use.
- the products of this invention may also be produced in long lengths for use as burn bandages, and in large sheets, i.e. 3 by 5 feet or greater, for use as burn blankets.
- Cold packs for burns may be provided with a removable insulating backing for an optionally liquid impregnated cellulosic film of the invention.
- Cold packs are chilled prior to application and do not initially depend upon evaporative cooling. The cooling effect of the cold pack may be extended by removing the backing and allowing evaporative cooling to take place.
- Cold packs additionally may utilise thicker or multiple layers of film of the invention optionally impregnated with liquid to increase their heat capacity.
- Dressings according to the present invention may also be used as long-term coverings for severe burns and certain other wounds.
- a thin dressing of this invention from about 0.1 ⁇ m to about 5 mm thick is placed immediately over the wound and a second dressing containing medicaments or other wound treating agents may be placed over the primary dressing. Since the medicaments will migrate through the primary dressing to the wound surface, the secondary dressing may be changed from time to time to renew the medicament treatment while the healing process of the wound is observed through the primary dressing which is not disturbed.
- the dressings of the present invention may comprise a single sheet of the cellulosic film prepared as described herein which may or may not be impregnated with liquid, such films may also contain other optionally reinforcing sterile materials such as random or carded fibers, plastic net, reticulated plastic film, open weave fabrics and fabric mesh which may be incorporated in the dressing if desired.
- sterile materials such as random or carded fibers, plastic net, reticulated plastic film, open weave fabrics and fabric mesh which may be incorporated in the dressing if desired.
- nylon gauze, rayon net, Dacron or cellulose mesh or reticulated polyethylene can be laminated with the cellulosic film.
- An additional optional feature of the dressings of the present invention is their ability to absorb fluid from the wound site when the dressing is applied.
- moisture evaporating from the dressing will tend to be replaced by fluids exuding from the burn site.
- a dressing is covered with an occlusive film to prevent the dressing from drying out while in place over the wound.
- the dressings of the present invention may be sterilised prior to use by any appropriate method such as auto-claving, irradiation with cobalt-60 and/or electron beam and/or ethylene oxide treatment.
- the dressings may be packaged in sterile hermetically sealed moisture-proof containers.
- the dressings may be heat sealed in packages constructed of aluminum foil laminated with a heat sealable polymeric film such as polyethylene.
- the contents of the package may be sterilised by irradiation in accordance with conventional methods for packaging surgical products. Sterile materials may be stored for extended periods of time with no adverse effect.
- a sterile wound dressing of the present invention may comprise a cellulosic film of the present invention sealed inside a sterilised tamper evident pack and being associated with instructions for use of said film as a wound dressing.
- Another aspect of the invention is the use of a cellulosic film of the present invention, in a method of preparing a dressing of the present invention.
- Another aspect of the invention is a method of preparing a dressing of the present invention, comprising the steps of sterilising a cellulosic film of the present invention, and packing said film under sterile conditions.
- films of the present invention are primarily designed for use in the field of wound dressings they could be used in other applications where similar film properties are desired.
- the film was plasticised with a mixture of sorbitol and glycerol (60:40 by weight solids) at a level of 20% of the regenerated cellulose content, dried and wound into reels.
- Example 2 had some wrinkles and pools, some curling.
- Example 3 had curling which straightened, no pools.
- Example 4 had no wrinkles or pools.
- Films prepared in accordance with the Examples 1 to 4 described herein are of particular use in preparing dressings for application to a wound formed by an autograft on a burns patient.
- a dressing of the present invention comprising a film exemplified in Examples 1 to 4 can be applied, after bleeding has stopped, directly to the donor site such that no air bubbles or blood secretions are formed between the dressing and the wound. Due to its good wettability the dressing adheres very rapidly and firmly to the moist wound surface. The rough surface of the dressing ensures that it is not displaced. Once the dressing is applied to and completely covers the wound, it completely seals the wound, forming a mechanically stable protective layer. This protects nerve endings thus eliminating pain.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002411287A CA2411287A1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2001-05-31 | Films and uses thereof |
AU2001267502A AU2001267502A1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2001-05-31 | Films and uses thereof |
EP01945221A EP1297059A1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2001-05-31 | Films and uses thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0013185A GB0013185D0 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2000-06-01 | Films and uses thereof |
GB0013185.4 | 2000-06-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001092382A1 true WO2001092382A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
Family
ID=9892682
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/006187 WO2001092382A1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2001-05-31 | Films and uses thereof |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1297059A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001267502A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2411287A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0013185D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001092382A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011028878A3 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-06-23 | The Gillette Company | Methods of use of a nonwoven keratinous tissue mimic |
US20210123189A1 (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2021-04-29 | Delfortgroup Ag | Improved Filter Paper |
CN114984779A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-02 | 福建农林大学 | Preparation method of high-flux cellulose forward osmosis membrane |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR952395A (en) * | 1943-03-23 | 1949-11-16 | Cellophane Sa | Type of cellulose dressing |
US2914414A (en) * | 1954-03-08 | 1959-11-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Shaped articles comprising regenerated cellulose |
GB1102008A (en) * | 1965-09-30 | 1968-02-07 | Cellophane Invest Company Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of cellulosic films |
US4599209A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1986-07-08 | Veb Leipziger Arzneimittel Werk | Method of producing absorbing wound dressing |
US5744251A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1998-04-28 | Viskase Corporation | Cellulosic composition and article |
-
2000
- 2000-06-01 GB GB0013185A patent/GB0013185D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-05-31 WO PCT/EP2001/006187 patent/WO2001092382A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-05-31 CA CA002411287A patent/CA2411287A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-31 EP EP01945221A patent/EP1297059A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-31 AU AU2001267502A patent/AU2001267502A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR952395A (en) * | 1943-03-23 | 1949-11-16 | Cellophane Sa | Type of cellulose dressing |
US2914414A (en) * | 1954-03-08 | 1959-11-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Shaped articles comprising regenerated cellulose |
GB1102008A (en) * | 1965-09-30 | 1968-02-07 | Cellophane Invest Company Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of cellulosic films |
US4599209A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1986-07-08 | Veb Leipziger Arzneimittel Werk | Method of producing absorbing wound dressing |
US5744251A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1998-04-28 | Viskase Corporation | Cellulosic composition and article |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011028878A3 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-06-23 | The Gillette Company | Methods of use of a nonwoven keratinous tissue mimic |
US8468004B2 (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2013-06-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of use of a nonwoven keratinous tissue mimic |
US20210123189A1 (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2021-04-29 | Delfortgroup Ag | Improved Filter Paper |
CN114984779A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-02 | 福建农林大学 | Preparation method of high-flux cellulose forward osmosis membrane |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0013185D0 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
AU2001267502A1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
CA2411287A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
EP1297059A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
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