WO2001082411A1 - Antenne d'un systeme de lecture d'emission/reception sans contact - Google Patents
Antenne d'un systeme de lecture d'emission/reception sans contact Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001082411A1 WO2001082411A1 PCT/FR2001/001217 FR0101217W WO0182411A1 WO 2001082411 A1 WO2001082411 A1 WO 2001082411A1 FR 0101217 W FR0101217 W FR 0101217W WO 0182411 A1 WO0182411 A1 WO 0182411A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- turns
- reader
- antenna
- group
- groups
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07773—Antenna details
- G06K19/07777—Antenna details the antenna being of the inductive type
- G06K19/07779—Antenna details the antenna being of the inductive type the inductive antenna being a coil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
- G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
Definitions
- the present invention relates to transmission / reception systems using a reader intended to detect electromagnetic signals emitted by a portable contactless object presented by its owner in front of the reader in response to electromagnetic signals emitted by an antenna located in the reader, and more particularly relates to a reader antenna of a contactless transmission / reception system.
- Portable objects used for the identification of their owner or for access to controlled access areas such as public transport networks such as the RATP or the SNCF increasingly use the so-called “contactless” technique As opposed to conventional objects (cards or tickets) with contact.
- the exchange of information between a contactless object and the reader is generally carried out by remote electromagnetic coupling between a first antenna housed in the portable contactless object and a second antenna located in the reader.
- the object is also provided with an electronic module comprising the first antenna connected to a semiconductor chip or chip which contains, among other things, a radio frequency (RF) part, a memory in which the information to be stored provide the reader and the logical functions necessary to prepare the information to be sent and to process the information received.
- RF radio frequency
- the contactless smart card in ISO format is the most suitable solution insofar as the cost price of the card distributed over all trips made over a long period will always remain low for the user. But the cost price of the card becomes exorbitant compared to the cost of the trip for the second group made up of occasional users who would buy a card for a single trip.
- the main object of the invention is to provide a reader antenna in an identification or contactless access system making it possible to use either an ISO format card as a portable object. although a disposable ticket.
- Another object of the invention is to have a reader antenna in an identification or contactless access system providing a magnetic field that is roughly uniform over the entire surface of the reader.
- the object of the invention is therefore a reader antenna in an identification or access system to a controlled access area comprising a reader intended to detect electromagnetic response signals from a contactless portable object such as an ISO type card or a disposable ticket, the electromagnetic response signals being emitted by an antenna located in the portable object in response to the reception of electromagnetic signals emitted by the reader antenna when the owner of the portable object presents the portable object in front of the reader.
- the antenna comprises n groups of turns arranged in series in which each group of turns k-1 comprises a number of turns N k _ ⁇ less than the number of turns N k of the group of turns k with k varying from 2 to n and is discarded of the group of turns k by a distance D k _ ⁇ greater than a predefined value, the turns of all the groups being wound in the same direction.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a conventional reader antenna with several turns with the indication of the value of the normal component of the magnetic field at different places on the antenna. Thereafter, the expression magnetic field will in fact apply to the component of the magnetic field normal to the plane of the antenna;
- FIG. 2 represents a reader antenna according to the invention composed of two groups of turns.
- FIG. 3 represents the location of the vertical strands of the turns of a reader antenna according to the invention comprising three groups of turns,
- FIG. 4 is a diagram representing the value of the magnetic field at any point distant from x of a wire infinitely long metal in which an electric current flows, FIGS.
- FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C are diagrams respectively representing the values of the magnetic field generated by the group of external turns, the magnetic field generated by the group of internal turns and the resulting magnetic field
- FIG. 6 is an example of a diagram representing the magnetic field generated by a reader antenna comprising a single group of peripheral turns
- FIG. 7 is an example of a diagram representing the magnetic field generated by a reader antenna comprising several groups of turns fulfilling the conditions of the invention
- FIG. 8 is an example of a diagram representing the magnetic field generated by a reader antenna comprising several groups of turns but not fulfilling the conditions of the invention.
- a conventional antenna 10 comprising a plurality of turns 12, 14, 16 provides a variable magnetic field depending on where one is.
- this value is positive while outside the turns, the field is negative.
- the magnetic field is zero since it is the result of a positive field due to a strand of turn and a negative field of the same absolute value due to the other strand of turn.
- a variable magnetic field is a major drawback for the generation of electromagnetic signals emitted by the antenna.
- the surface of the reader in front of which the portable object is presented is generally in the form of a square (or a rectangle) whose side measures from 15cm to 20cm. If the antenna is too much in the center of this surface, then there is an area outside the turns in which the magnetic field is negative. If on the other hand the turns of the antenna are at the periphery of the surface of the reader, the magnetic field is very positive on all the surface of the reader (inside the antenna), but the more one moves away from the turns, the more the magnetic field, inversely proportional to the distance, decreases. There is then a dead zone in the center of the surface. There will therefore not be enough energy received by the portable object if the latter is presented in front of this area.
- the solution consisting in enormously increasing the number of turns to increase the magnetic field is not viable insofar as the surface occupied by the turns increases and therefore also the zones where the magnetic field is zero.
- the solution which is the subject of the invention therefore consists in using an antenna formed by n groups of turns in series, each group of turns k (k varying from 1 to n-1) being inside the group k + 1 and l the end of the outer turn of group k being connected to the end of the inner turn of group k + 1.
- the number of turns of a group k is less than the number of turns of the group k + 1.
- the turns of all the groups of turns are wound in the same direction, for example in the direction reverse clockwise from group 1 to group n.
- FIG. 2 An exemplary embodiment is illustrated in the form of two groups in FIG. 2 in which the first group of turns 20 comprises 2 square turns and the second group
- FIG. 3 representing the left vertical strands of three groups of successive turns 40, 42, 44
- the magnetic field generated by the group of turns 40 is negative outside, that is to say to the left of group 40
- the presence of a group of turns 42 surrounding the group of turns 40 allows the generation of a positive magnetic field inside the turns and in particular in the interval between group 40 and group 42.
- the magnetic field induced by a metal wire of width lm through which a current I passes has a value represented by the curve illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the magnetic field is zero. Then it increases very quickly to reach an almost constant value according to the following expression if the origin of the abscissa is in the middle of the wire:
- the value of the field generated by each group of turns 40 or 42, in the space separating the two groups can be represented respectively by the curves illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B for which the origin of the abscissa is taken at the midpoint of the turns of group 42. Note that the field (Hi) generated inside the turns of group 42 (Fig. 5A) is positive while the field ( ⁇ H 2 ) generated outside the turns of group 40 (Fig. 5B) is negative.
- this value of the resulting field is first positive, then negative from a distance Di 'from the group of turns 42. If the difference between Di and Di', for which the resulting field is negative, n is not very important and much less than the smallest dimension of the antenna being on a disposable ticket, this is not of paramount importance insofar as the value of the average field received by the ticket remains positive and must be greater than a minimum value sufficient to guarantee the functioning of the ticket. It is however possible to reduce this zone to 0 by choosing the distance Di separating the two groups of turns equal to D], which makes it possible to have an always positive field in the space between the two groups of turns. For this, the condition is that the maximum absolute value of the negative field -H 2 is less than or equal to the minimum absolute value of the positive field + H ⁇ ; that is to say approximately:
- the positive field generated by the group of turns 42 is added to the positive field generated by the group of turns 40 inside the turns, but to a lesser extent insofar as the field weakens when moves away from the turns 42.
- a group of turns 44 surrounds the group of turns 42.
- the positive magnetic field generated by the group of turns 44 inside the turns therefore compensates for the negative magnetic field created by the group of turns 42 in the zone situated between the two groups of turns (but also the negative field generated by group 40), which makes it possible to create a positive field in this area or at least one positive mean field if the number of turns is important enough.
- the positive magnetic field generated by the group of turns 44 is added to the positive field generated by the group 42 at inside the turns 42 and also in the positive field generated by the group 40 inside the turns 40, but more and more weakly given the distance more and more.
- a plurality of n groups of turns comprising an increasing number of turns can be arranged on the antenna support until covering the entire surface of the reader intended for the antenna.
- a parameter determines the number n of groups of turns of the antenna, it is the distance between the groups, ie Dl between the first and the second groups, D2 between the second and the third groups, and so on until 'to Dn-1 between groups n-1 and n.
- This distance Di (between groups 40 and 42) or D 2 (between groups 42 and 44) must be optimized. It must not be too small to avoid the accumulation of magnetic fields around the midpoint as mentioned previously with reference to FIG. 1. But this distance must not be too great for the positive magnetic field to be sufficient to compensate for the negative magnetic field created by the preceding group of turns outside its turns.
- the disposable ticket must receive a positive mean field at all points of the reader and in particular when it is above the 'a group of turns for which the generated field is zero. It is therefore necessary that the smallest side of the antenna of the ticket is larger than the width of each group of turns as illustrated in FIG. 3 where the width of the antenna 48 on the ticket 46 is greater than the total width of the largest group of turns 44.
- the distance d separating two turns in each group of turns must be as small as possible, that is to say the minimum distance authorized in the manufacture of the turns. In general, this distance d is an order of magnitude less than the distance D. In other words, the ratio between the distance D and the distance d must be greater than a predetermined optimal ratio. Consequently, if the width interspersed has a given value d, this means that the distance D will have to be greater than a predefined value.
- the disposable ticket has a square antenna 2cm x 2cm
- the reader has the dimensions 20cm x 20cm, - the minimum field to generate for the card is 0.8A / m
- the minimum field for the disposable ticket is 2A / m
- the reader has a simple antenna formed by 4 concentric turns at the periphery of the reader whose metal width is 1mm and also intersperses it with 1mm. It is noted that the maximum field is 15A / m at the periphery, therefore greater than the admissible threshold. On the other hand, towards the center of the reader, the field is only 0.8A / m, therefore sufficient for reading a card but insufficient for reading a disposable ticket.
- the reader antenna is formed according to the invention, of three groups of turns:
- the antenna of the reader is similar to that of the second case except that for the third group of turns, the metal width is equal to 0.3cm instead of 1mm.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020027013836A KR20020090235A (ko) | 2000-04-21 | 2001-04-20 | 비접촉식 송수신기 시스템 판독기 안테나 |
IL15217001A IL152170A0 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2001-04-20 | Antenna for contact-free transmission/reception reading system |
BR0110197-8A BR0110197A (pt) | 2000-04-21 | 2001-04-20 | Antena de leitor em um sistema de identificação ou de acesso a uma zona de acesso controlado |
AU2001254891A AU2001254891A1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2001-04-20 | Antenna for contact-free transmission/reception reading system |
EP01928016A EP1290756A1 (fr) | 2000-04-21 | 2001-04-20 | Antenne d'un systeme de lecture d'emission/reception sans contact |
JP2001579395A JP2003532318A (ja) | 2000-04-21 | 2001-04-20 | 無接触式送信/受信読取りシステムに関するアンテナ |
IL152170A IL152170A (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2002-10-08 | Antenna for non-contact read / transfer system |
HK03109181A HK1056793A1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2003-12-17 | Antenna for contact-free transmission/reception reading system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR00/05429 | 2000-04-21 | ||
FR0005429A FR2808127B1 (fr) | 2000-04-21 | 2000-04-21 | Antenne de lecteur d'un systeme d'emission/reception sans contact |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001082411A1 true WO2001082411A1 (fr) | 2001-11-01 |
Family
ID=8849693
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/001217 WO2001082411A1 (fr) | 2000-04-21 | 2001-04-20 | Antenne d'un systeme de lecture d'emission/reception sans contact |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1290756A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003532318A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20020090235A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1224134C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001254891A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0110197A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2808127B1 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1056793A1 (fr) |
IL (2) | IL152170A0 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW554569B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001082411A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10259305A1 (de) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-08 | Delphi Technologies, Inc., Troy | Zugangskontrolleinrichtung |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7417599B2 (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2008-08-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multi-loop antenna for radio frequency identification (RFID) communication |
WO2008103870A1 (fr) | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Newpage Wisconsin System Inc. | Étiquette d'identification en papier multifonctionnelle |
WO2009101750A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-20 | Nec Corporation | Antenne cadre et procédé de test d'immunité |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4922261A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1990-05-01 | Cotag International Ltd. | Aerial systems |
EP0739050A1 (fr) * | 1995-04-22 | 1996-10-23 | Sony Chemicals Corporation | Antenne à boucles multiples |
EP0766200A2 (fr) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-02 | Sony Chemicals Corporation | Antenne pour lecteur/enregistreur |
EP0768620A2 (fr) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-16 | Palomar Technologies Corporation | Transpondeur d'identification radio-fréquence et méthode de fabrication |
-
2000
- 2000-04-21 FR FR0005429A patent/FR2808127B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-09 TW TW090108406A patent/TW554569B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-20 EP EP01928016A patent/EP1290756A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-20 KR KR1020027013836A patent/KR20020090235A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-20 BR BR0110197-8A patent/BR0110197A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-20 WO PCT/FR2001/001217 patent/WO2001082411A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-20 CN CNB018083447A patent/CN1224134C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-20 JP JP2001579395A patent/JP2003532318A/ja active Pending
- 2001-04-20 AU AU2001254891A patent/AU2001254891A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-20 IL IL15217001A patent/IL152170A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-10-08 IL IL152170A patent/IL152170A/en unknown
-
2003
- 2003-12-17 HK HK03109181A patent/HK1056793A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4922261A (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1990-05-01 | Cotag International Ltd. | Aerial systems |
EP0739050A1 (fr) * | 1995-04-22 | 1996-10-23 | Sony Chemicals Corporation | Antenne à boucles multiples |
EP0766200A2 (fr) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-02 | Sony Chemicals Corporation | Antenne pour lecteur/enregistreur |
EP0768620A2 (fr) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-16 | Palomar Technologies Corporation | Transpondeur d'identification radio-fréquence et méthode de fabrication |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10259305A1 (de) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-08 | Delphi Technologies, Inc., Troy | Zugangskontrolleinrichtung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001254891A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
IL152170A (en) | 2006-12-31 |
IL152170A0 (en) | 2003-05-29 |
FR2808127A1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 |
CN1224134C (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
FR2808127B1 (fr) | 2003-08-15 |
EP1290756A1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
KR20020090235A (ko) | 2002-11-30 |
TW554569B (en) | 2003-09-21 |
JP2003532318A (ja) | 2003-10-28 |
CN1425210A (zh) | 2003-06-18 |
BR0110197A (pt) | 2003-02-11 |
HK1056793A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 |
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