WO2001080411A1 - Schaltnetzteil - Google Patents
Schaltnetzteil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001080411A1 WO2001080411A1 PCT/AT2001/000107 AT0100107W WO0180411A1 WO 2001080411 A1 WO2001080411 A1 WO 2001080411A1 AT 0100107 W AT0100107 W AT 0100107W WO 0180411 A1 WO0180411 A1 WO 0180411A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- power supply
- frequency
- bandpass
- switching
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/05—Capacitor coupled rectifiers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a switching power supply comprising an input circuit for periodically switching an input voltage or an input current with a switching frequency on and off, a transmission circuit connected to it and an output circuit connected to this, to which a load can be connected.
- Power supplies that derive one or more DC or AC voltages of the appropriate size from the AC network are required for the supply of electronic devices.
- conventional power supplies the voltage ratio and the mostly required galvanic isolation from the network are taken over by a transformer, which have a relatively large volume and weight and relatively high losses with respect to the entire circuit.
- switching power supplies the mains voltage is rectified and "chopped" with a relatively high frequency.
- the disadvantages of conventional power supplies with low-frequency transformers can be greatly reduced. Due to the higher operating frequency, smaller components can be used which have smaller absolute losses. This results in switched-mode power supplies which have a significantly lower volume and a significantly lower weight than conventional power supplies.
- the switching power supplies are also used to convert DC or AC voltages into DC or AC voltages (from DC or AC to DC or AC).
- circuits usually also have disadvantages with regard to short-circuit safety or overcurrent safety, since these safety measures can only be achieved with additional circuits or circuit parts or have to be dispensed with.
- a ballast for a gas discharge lamp which contains a flyback converter and a downstream inverter and no transformer.
- the flyback converter contains a series and parallel resonance circuit in combination, which serve as an energy buffer.
- the switching losses of the circuit breaker of the ballast are reduced by switching the circuit breaker at a time when the current through the circuit breaker is minimal.
- galvanic isolation as well as short-circuit and overcurrent protection cannot be achieved with this circuit.
- the object of the present invention is to develop a switching power supply with which a reduction of the disadvantages mentioned above can be achieved.
- the circuit should be characterized by a smaller size, lower costs and a higher level of security compared to conventional switching power supplies.
- the object of the invention is achieved in that the transmission circuit is formed by a bandpass (hereinafter referred to as LC bandpass) made up of at least one capacitance and at least one inductor, the resonance frequency of which lies outside the switching frequency of the input circuit.
- LC bandpass causes a peak current limitation through the sum of the impedances.
- a higher efficiency can be achieved with the circuit according to the invention, since the losses of the capacitors used are smaller compared to those of a transformer and the absolute losses of the inductors used are also smaller due to the smaller size.
- the costs for the capacitors and coils of the bandpass filter used according to the invention are significantly lower than the manufacturing costs of a transformer.
- the disadvantageous leakage inductances in the coil which is smaller for the same power compared to the transformer, are also smaller.
- the turn-off losses can also be reduced. If the capacitors are largely charged before the next switching cycle and thus almost no current flows, the components of the switching stage, usually transistors, can be switched off in an almost de-energized state, as a result of which the switch-off losses almost disappear. However, it takes time to charge the capacitors, which is reflected in a lower maximum operating frequency and thus a lower transferable power. A compromise must therefore be made between the switch-off losses and the maximum operating frequency. If the LC bandpass is dimensioned so that its resonance frequency is below the switching frequency of the input circuit, the turn-off losses cannot be reduced.
- the LC bandpass consists of a series connection of at least one capacitor and at least one coil. This represents the simplest and therefore also the cheapest implementation of the circuit according to the invention.
- the capacitor and the coil can of course be constructed from several individual components.
- the LC bandpass consists of two series circuits, each arranged in parallel between the input and the output of the transmission circuit, of at least one capacitor and at least one coil, the values for the or each capacitor and the or each coil of each series circuit in the are essentially the same.
- the component load is reduced and on the other hand galvanic isolation can be achieved.
- the circuit can be used for electrical isolation without the use of a transformer, which meets the usual legal safety requirements.
- the limit value of IOnF for the coupling capacity between the primary and secondary side can be found, for example, in relevant standards for medical-technical devices. Due to the small amounts of charge due to the small capacity, the arrangement meets the requirements for electrical isolation. From an operating frequency of a few kilohertz, in contrast to such capacitors, a transformer is considerably larger, more expensive and more lossy.
- At least one coil of the LC bandpass has an inductance which is variable as a function of time or of the current.
- the use of a so-called saturation coil which has a high inductance at the time of switch-on and then a very low inductance, namely the saturation inductance, is advantageous because it delays the rise in current at the start of a switching process and thereby the switches, usually transistors in the switching stage be switched on in the de-energized state as possible, whereby the switching losses are reduced. After the switching process, the coil saturates and allows the entire current to flow.
- the saturation coil is dimensioned by suitable selection of the magnetic core material, the core volume and the number of turns.
- the use of a saturation coil in series with a thyristor can be found, for example, in DE 33 34 794 AI.
- An increase in operational reliability through the most complete possible separation between the input side and the output side of the circuit can be achieved if the input A low-pass filter is arranged on the side of the input circuit, the cut-off frequency of which is substantially below the resonance frequency of the LC bandpass.
- the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter should be so far below the resonance frequency of the band-pass filter that the attenuation of the transfer function in the blocking region between the low-pass filter and the bandpass filter is as large as possible.
- the combination of the low pass and the band pass and their dimensioning means that "independent" energy transfer from the primary side to the secondary side cannot take place in any frequency range.
- high-frequency network disturbances that are in the pass band's pass band can be effectively attenuated by the low-pass filter.
- the energy transmission is made possible by the switching frequency of the input circuit, by means of which the input signal is "raised” in frequency in the pass band of the LC band pass.
- interference frequencies on the input side, which are in the pass band of the LC band pass could be transmitted to the secondary side, where they could damage the load or the subsequent circuits and endanger people and lead to inadmissible energy transfers.
- 1 shows the basic block diagram of a switching power supply
- FIG. 3 shows the embodiment according to the invention of the transmission device of a switching power supply in the form of an LC band pass
- Fig. 6 shows the basic transfer function of the circuit of FIG. 5 as a function of frequency
- Fig. 7a to 7c the time profiles of a switching current through a saturation reactor and its inductance during a switch-on process.
- Fig. 1 is a basic block diagram of a S chaltnetzteils is reproduced.
- any transformers or rectifiers not shown
- the input circuit 1 is connected to a control circuit 5, in which the frequency with which the input signal is "chopped" is generated or fixed.
- the quantity supplied by the input circuit 1 is transformed or transmitted into a corresponding quantity in a transmission circuit 2.
- the transmission circuit 2 consists of a transformer (see FIG. 2).
- the electrical circuit 3 is then further processed in the output circuit 3, for example rectification and screening, before the signal is applied to the respective load 4.
- a control of the switched-mode power supply can also take place via the control circuit 5, so that a specific output voltage U a or a specific output current I a or a desired output power P a occurs at the load 4 independently of the input signal.
- the load 4 can also be variable.
- FIG. 2 shows the conventional case of using a transformer 6 as a transmission circuit 2 of a switched-mode power supply according to FIG. 1.
- a primary voltage U P or a primary current I P is converted into a secondary voltage Us or a secondary current I s .
- the LC bandpass 7 consists of two series connections, each with a capacitor C and a coil L, each of the same size.
- the transmission circuit 2 consists of a series connection of a capacitor C and a coil L.
- LC bandpasses of a higher order or series or parallel connections of inductors or capacitors for current or voltage distribution are also possible.
- the values for the capacitors C and coils L are determined such that the resonance frequency fo determined by the capacitors C and the coils L. of the bandpass lies outside the switching frequency f s of the input circuit 1 of the switching power supply.
- the implementation of the transmission circuit 2 according to the invention can also be viewed as a series resonant circuit which is operated outside its resonance frequency f 0 , resulting in a frequency-dependent impedance of the transmission circuit 2.
- the transformer that is usually used can be avoided.
- This also eliminates the disadvantages of a transformer, such as high losses, large volume, high weight and high manufacturing costs.
- 3 consists of two series connections, each with a capacitive and an inductive reactance.
- the coil L limits the peak current when switched on.
- the charging capacitor C determines the transferable energy, that is, after the capacitor C has been fully charged, further transmission of the energy is prevented. This combination of C and L in series connection is therefore absolutely necessary.
- the coil L causes the current to start up smoothly and thus limits the switch-on losses. Compared to a transformer, the capacitor C and the coil L have significantly lower losses.
- the advantages of the circuit according to the invention over the use of a transformer become particularly clear. If the component values in each series connection are essentially the same size, the component load is minimized. An asymmetrical arrangement causes different component loads, but can also be an advantage. For example, a saturation coil can only be provided in one branch, by means of which the switch-on losses can be reduced. Instead of two series connections of a capacitor C and a coil L, one would theoretically also be sufficient, but then the advantage of galvanic isolation would not be connected.
- the implementation of the transmission circuit 2 according to the invention is a series resonant circuit, the overall impedance of which has a real profile as a function of the frequency in accordance with FIG. 4.
- the impedance is minimal, theoretically even zero in the lossless case.
- the series connection of the capacitor C and the coil L is operated outside the resonance frequency fo, so that the impedance can be controlled by changing the frequency f.
- the circuit can be viewed in conjunction with the load resistor as a frequency-controlled voltage divider. It is advantageous if the operating frequency is chosen below the resonance frequency f 0 .
- a variation in the output power can be achieved by varying the switching frequency f s in a specific frequency range fsi to fs2.
- a low-pass filter 8 is arranged on the input side, which suppresses higher-frequency interference. Then follows the input circuit 1 consisting of a rectifier and the chopper, which is controlled by a control circuit 5.
- the transmission circuit 2 consists of an LC bandpass formed from two series circuits each of a capacitor C and an inductance L. After an output circuit 3, which in this case is formed by a rectifier and a low-pass filter, a load 4 is connected on the output side.
- FIG. 6 shows the basic transfer function of the circuit according to FIG. 5 as a function of the frequency f.
- the cut-off frequency f G of the low-pass filter 8 is substantially below the resonance frequency f 0 of the LC band-pass filter of the transmission circuit 2, so that undesired interference in the blocking region of the low-pass filter 8 is sufficiently damped.
- 7a to 7c show the time profiles of a switching current through a saturation inductor and its inductance during a switch-on process.
- 7a shows a switch-on process, for example the base current of a transistor as an electronic switch.
- 7b shows the corresponding time profile of the current I (t) through a saturation coil L (t) and in FIG. 7c the inductance L (t) of the saturation coil L (t) as a function of time t during the switch-on process. After switching on, the current rises very slowly due to the relatively high inductance of the coil L (t).
- the coil L (t) By dimensioning the coil L (t) accordingly can be achieved that at a precisely defined current I s , given by the operating voltage and the already elapsed switch-on time, the coil L (t) saturates.
- the area of the core saturation is characterized in that the magnetic flux cannot be significantly increased despite the increase in the current in the coil L (t). In the area of saturation, almost all elementary magnets of the core material are aligned in the preferred direction. In the area of saturation, the inductive resistance of the winding drops, as a result of which only the undesirable ohmic component of the resistance limits the current in the winding. Therefore, the inductance of the coil L (t) drops to a minimum value L min .
- the dimensioning of the coil L (t) is preferably carried out by suitable selection of the magnetic core material, the number of turns and the core volume. These parameters influence not only the time t s at which the coil L (t) goes into saturation, but also the behavior of how the transition to saturation takes place, ie for example the steepness of the current increase in the area of the saturation of the coil L (t ).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001250145A AU2001250145A1 (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | Switched-mode power supply |
EP01923374A EP1297613A1 (de) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | Schaltnetzteil |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT6372000 | 2000-04-12 | ||
ATA637/2000 | 2000-04-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001080411A1 true WO2001080411A1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
Family
ID=3677924
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT2001/000107 WO2001080411A1 (de) | 2000-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | Schaltnetzteil |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030169027A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1297613A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001250145A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001080411A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010069620A1 (de) * | 2008-12-20 | 2010-06-24 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Transformatorloser wechselrichter mit einem dc/dc-wandler |
EP2270966A1 (de) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-05 | SMA Solar Technology AG | DC/DC-Wandler mit Hilfswandler zur Erdstromkompensation |
ITRE20120021A1 (it) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-03 | Igor Spinella | Metodo ed apparato per il trasferimento di potenza elettrica |
US9065345B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2015-06-23 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Transformerless inverter comprising a DC/DC converter |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10338265B3 (de) | 2003-08-18 | 2005-04-07 | Balluff Gmbh | Positionsmeßsystem |
DE102004031944A1 (de) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Stromversorgung für eine Metalldampflampe |
US7564192B2 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2009-07-21 | General Electric Company | HID dimming method and apparatus |
JP6821013B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 | 2021-01-27 | ワイトリシティ コーポレーションWitricity Corporation | 交互配置された整流器を有する無線電力伝達システム |
JP7416790B2 (ja) | 2018-11-30 | 2024-01-17 | ワイトリシティ コーポレーション | 高電力ワイヤレス電力システムにおける低電力励起のためのシステムと方法 |
US11489332B2 (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2022-11-01 | Witricity Corporation | Protection circuits for wireless power receivers |
KR102460384B1 (ko) | 2019-08-26 | 2022-10-28 | 위트리시티 코포레이션 | 무선 전력 시스템의 능동 정류 제어 |
US11356079B2 (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2022-06-07 | Witricity Corporation | Tunable reactance circuits for wireless power systems |
US11695270B2 (en) | 2020-01-29 | 2023-07-04 | Witricity Corporation | Systems and methods for auxiliary power dropout protection |
JP7381767B2 (ja) | 2020-03-06 | 2023-11-16 | ワイトリシティ コーポレーション | ワイヤレス電力システムにおけるアクティブ整流 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1506633A (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1978-04-05 | Senger N | Electrical isolating circuits |
EP0398723A2 (de) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-11-22 | Hirotami Nakano | Schaltleistungsversorgungseinrichtung und deren Isolierungsverfahren |
US5748457A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-05-05 | Poon; Franki Ngai Kit | Family of zero voltage switching DC to DC converters |
-
2001
- 2001-04-12 EP EP01923374A patent/EP1297613A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-12 US US10/257,279 patent/US20030169027A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-12 AU AU2001250145A patent/AU2001250145A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-12 WO PCT/AT2001/000107 patent/WO2001080411A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1506633A (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1978-04-05 | Senger N | Electrical isolating circuits |
EP0398723A2 (de) * | 1989-05-18 | 1990-11-22 | Hirotami Nakano | Schaltleistungsversorgungseinrichtung und deren Isolierungsverfahren |
US5748457A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-05-05 | Poon; Franki Ngai Kit | Family of zero voltage switching DC to DC converters |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
HAMADA S ET AL: "SATURABLE REACTOR ASSISTED SOFT-SWITCHING TECHNIQUE IN PWM DC-DC CONVERTERS", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PESC),US,NEW YORK, IEEE, vol. CONF. 23, 29 June 1992 (1992-06-29), pages 93 - 100, XP000369021, ISBN: 0-7803-0695-3 * |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9065345B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2015-06-23 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Transformerless inverter comprising a DC/DC converter |
WO2010069620A1 (de) * | 2008-12-20 | 2010-06-24 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Transformatorloser wechselrichter mit einem dc/dc-wandler |
US8587976B2 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2013-11-19 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | DC/DC converter with auxiliary converter for earth current compensation |
EP2270966A1 (de) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-05 | SMA Solar Technology AG | DC/DC-Wandler mit Hilfswandler zur Erdstromkompensation |
WO2011000741A1 (de) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-06 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Dc/dc-wandler mit hilfswandler zur erdstromkompensation |
CN104221268A (zh) * | 2012-04-02 | 2014-12-17 | 伊戈尔·斯皮内拉 | 用于通过电容耦合传输电力的方法和设备 |
WO2013150352A1 (en) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-10 | Igor Spinella | Method and apparatus for transferring electrical power by means of capacitive coupling |
KR101508265B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-02 | 2015-04-07 | 이고르 스피넬라 | 용량성 결합에 의해 전력을 전달하는 방법 및 장치 |
ITRE20120021A1 (it) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-03 | Igor Spinella | Metodo ed apparato per il trasferimento di potenza elettrica |
CN104883049A (zh) * | 2012-04-02 | 2015-09-02 | 伊戈尔·斯皮内拉 | 用于通过电容耦合传输电力的方法和设备 |
US9209674B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2015-12-08 | Eggtronic S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for transferring electrical power by means of capacitive coupling |
US9762074B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2017-09-12 | Eggtronic Engineering S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for transferring electrical power |
CN104883049B (zh) * | 2012-04-02 | 2018-03-09 | 艾格电子工程责任有限公司 | 用于通过电容耦合传输电力的方法和设备 |
EP3661040A1 (de) * | 2012-04-02 | 2020-06-03 | Eggtronic Engineering S.R.L. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur übertragung elektrischer energie mittels kapazitiver kopplung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1297613A1 (de) | 2003-04-02 |
AU2001250145A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
US20030169027A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
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