WO2001079123A1 - Procede de conditionnement de substances solides biogenes - Google Patents

Procede de conditionnement de substances solides biogenes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001079123A1
WO2001079123A1 PCT/DE2001/001396 DE0101396W WO0179123A1 WO 2001079123 A1 WO2001079123 A1 WO 2001079123A1 DE 0101396 W DE0101396 W DE 0101396W WO 0179123 A1 WO0179123 A1 WO 0179123A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
conditioning
pyrolysis
gasification
sewage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/001396
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reiner Numrich
Original Assignee
Daub, Roman
Hautz, Axel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daub, Roman, Hautz, Axel filed Critical Daub, Roman
Priority to EP01937982A priority Critical patent/EP1274656A1/fr
Priority to DE10191419T priority patent/DE10191419D2/de
Priority to AU63758/01A priority patent/AU6375801A/en
Publication of WO2001079123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001079123A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/08—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/14—Drying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of conditioning biogenic solids.
  • waste in particular of biogenic solids, such as sewage sludge, waste wood, organic waste and the like, is increasingly becoming a problem in terms of quantity alone.
  • the method according to the invention has a number of advantages. These come into play particularly when existing resources can be used, for example already existing treatment stages for cleaning within a disposal facility for in particular biogenic solids. It is further contemplated that the precipitated solids and the condensed portions are biologically cleaned, likewise preferably again in a suitable device already present, for example a sewage treatment plant of the disposal device. Alternatively, the precipitated solids and the contaminated liquid phase can also remain within a closed system cycle of a disposal facility. A gas purified in this way can already be fed directly to a combustion.
  • the gasification product of the biogenic solids is introduced into at least one biological treatment stage.
  • biological treatment stages in which, for example, rotting, fermentation, digestion or the like takes place, the solids contained in the gasification product can easily precipitate and the condensable parts of the gasification product can be mixed with the regularly present liquid phase. Cleaning of the gasification product is thus ensured in a simple, inexpensive manner.
  • the gases generated in the processes mentioned within the biological treatment stage will mix with the remaining purified gas fraction from the gasification and, in particular when combustible gases arise, the gas mixture obtained in this way can in particular be fed directly to the combustion.
  • Purification of the gasification product in such a biological treatment stage which is usually already present in a disposal device, has an extremely favorable energy balance, in which an additional energy requirement is minimized and, if appropriate, through the combination of thermal treatment and generation of electrical energy and waste heat use is even positive.
  • solid constituents contained in the gasification product remain in a biological treatment stage and mix with the solid ingredients still to be treated and are biologically decomposed, and that condensable parts of the gasification product mix with an existing liquid phase and are biologically decomposed.
  • the inventive method is further based on the fact that
  • a contaminated pyrolysis gas is introduced into a biological treatment stage, - that solid parts contained in the pyrolysis gas, e.g. Dust, remain in the biological treatment stage and mix with the solid ingredients still to be treated and are biodegraded,
  • the gas mixture obtained during pyrolysis at temperatures of 600 ° C to 700 ° C with the exclusion of oxygen, then cleaned and mixed with methane, is characterized by a high calorific value and its cleanliness and can be immediately burned in a conventional combined heat and power plant or a motorized combustion for energy generation be fed.
  • a preferred application of the conditioning process is through integration into the process flow of a sewage treatment plant, particularly for the further disposal and recycling of sewage sludge. This is advantageously done decentrally at the location of the sludge accumulation, immediately after their mechanical dewatering.
  • the process is also useful and economical for the comparatively low throughputs of approx. 3 t / h of dewatered sludge from small to medium-sized sewage treatment plants.
  • the energy balance of the method according to the invention shows that no additional thermal energy is required, but rather approximately 420 kWh of electrical energy and approximately 600 kWh of low-temperature heat, e.g. be generated as process heat or for building heating per ton of sewage sludge.
  • conditioning is one in the
  • the sewage treatment plant itself produces digested sludge, which is first mechanically dewatered in the usual way and then subjected to full thermal drying, which can bring the water content of the pre-dried digested sludge to below 10%.
  • the water or condensate generated during dewatering and during drying can be discharged back into the sewage treatment plant and cleaned there.
  • a digestion tower in particular a digestion tower for stabilizing a raw sludge of a sewage treatment plant, is suitable.
  • Biogenic solids can be stabilized anaerobically in digestion towers, with about 50% of the organic substance being biologically converted into methane-rich gases. This anaerobic stabilization is further promoted by the additional pressing in of the gasification products of the biogenic solids according to the invention.
  • the gas produced by the digestion and the injected gasification product have approximately the same proportions, which means that a high-quality, natural gas-like gas mixture with a calorific value of approx. 30 MJ / kg is available.
  • This very pure gas mixture can flow in conventional gas engines and the electrical energy thus generated can be used to operate the sewage treatment plant or to feed it into the power grid.
  • the waste heat from the electricity generation can expediently be used for the thermal drying of the sewage sludge and as the necessary process heat for its further treatment.
  • the efficiency of the method according to the invention can be increased further if the gasification product of biogenic solids is washed, as a result of which a considerable proportion of the condensable parts of the gasification product are already liquefied.
  • a scrubber required for this can certainly be operated with protective water from a sewage treatment plant, for example the water from the drain of the sand trap. The washing water can then advantageously be returned to the cleaning process of the sewage treatment plant.
  • Fig. 1 a flow chart of the invention
  • Fig. 3 a mass balance based on a ton
  • Fig. 4 an energy balance, based on a ton
  • the sludges of a sewage treatment plant are fed in the usual way as raw sludge to anaerobic digestion in a digestion tower.
  • anaerobic stabilization approx. 50% of the organic substance in the sludge is biologically converted into a methane-rich gas.
  • the digested sludge is mostly mechanically dewatered, for example in a chamber filter press with the addition of slaked lime. Additionally or alternatively, dewatering can be carried out by adding flocculants, for example on a polymer basis. A TS content of 35% is achieved, which means that the loss on ignition in the dry matter with polymer conditioning is still 53%.
  • the filter water that occurs during the mechanical drainage is returned to the sewage treatment plant.
  • the dewatered sewage sludge is fed from an intermediate bunker 1, see FIG. 2, by an eccentric screw pump 2 to the thermal drying, whereby the water content of the sewage sludge can be brought to below 10%.
  • a preheating of the sewage sludge is provided in a heat exchanger 3, which uses the low-temperature waste heat generated in the conditioning process according to the invention, indicated by the arrows 4, for example the waste heat from a combined heat and power plant 15.
  • the vapors 6 formed during drying are fed to a scrubber 8 with a small amount of drag air 7, in which they are cleaned and the water vapor is directly condensed.
  • Water from the sewage treatment plant, which is fed to the scrubber 8 by means of a pump 10, can expediently be used as washing water 9.
  • the wash water 9 is together with the vapor condensate via an intermediate container 11 as waste water 12
  • Wastewater treatment process fed again.
  • the exhaust air 13 of the scrubber 8, sucked off by a blower 14, serves in the intended complete process as secondary combustion air for a combined heat and power unit 15 and / or a pyrolysis reactor 16, the process heat of which, for example, from exhaust gases, is itself used again to dry the sewage sludge in the dryer 5 , indicated by the arrows 17, 18. If this process heat is used, then driven by a compressor 19, the heat carrier is excreted, for example, as exhaust gas 20 from the process according to the invention.
  • the dried sewage sludge present as granules 21 is fed to the pyrolysis reactor 16, for example metered from a conveyor belt 22 via an intermediate storage in a storage container 23 and via a cellular wheel sluice 24 and exactly from a screw 25.
  • An indirectly heated rotary tube 26 can be provided as the pyrolysis reactor 16, for example indirectly fired by gas, indicated by a burner 27.
  • the pyrolysis gas 31 obtained in the pyrolysis is suctioned off and washed in a washer 32.
  • This wash water 34 is taken from the sewage treatment plant by a pump 33, for example the drainage of the sand trap.
  • water vapor portions of the pyrolysis gas 31 are also condensed out.
  • This condensate next to the wash water is fed back to clarification according to arrow 35.
  • the pyrolysis gas thus pre-cleaned is pumped into a digester 37 by a compressor 36. There it supports the anaerobic digestion of the sewage sludge or possibly other biogenic solids and mixes with the digester gas generated in the digestion tower 37, usually one with a high methane content. Due to the approximately equal proportions of pyrolysis gas and fermentation gas, there is a high-quality, natural gas-like gas mixture with a calorific value of approx. 30 MJ / kg.
  • the gas mixture present there according to arrow 38 is used for energy generation, for example in the cogeneration unit 15 by combustion, to which fresh air according to arrow 39 is still to be fed regularly.
  • such a block-type heating plant can also be used to generate energy, indicated by a generator 40.
  • the digested sludge is first fed to a mechanical dewatering according to arrow 41, in order then to be put down and dewatered and fed back to the intermediate bunker 1, whereby the circuit is closed.
  • the exhaust gases from the combined heat and power plant 15, which are also used as process heat for the radiation dryer 5, as well as the exhaust gases from the pyrolysis firing 27, can be discharged into the environment according to arrow 20 without additional cleaning, since they meet the exhaust gas values of the 17th BimSchV.
  • dewatered sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants that is landfilled or otherwise used, for example in agriculture contains around 15% of limestone that has been extinguished as a drainage aid.
  • liming can be omitted by using small amounts of flocculants.
  • the amount of sewage sludge to be treated can be further reduced by approx. 20% to 25%.
  • the mass flow diagram according to FIG. 3 clearly shows that the rest of the sewage sludge that is ultimately to be disposed of is reduced to 195 kg of the original amount in the form of mineral ash from the pyrolysis. 151 kg can also be used as fuel gas. The largest volume flow, a total of 654 kg from drying and pyrolysis, is returned to the circuit and cleaned after leaving the sewage treatment plant.
  • the energy balance according to FIG. 4 shows a total of 1,496 kWh based on 1,000 kg of digested sewage sludge in primary energy. From this, 488 kWh of electrical energy can be generated by converting the pyrolysis gas into the existing combined heat and power plants. After deducting the
  • Own requirements remain 417 kWh for feeding into the network. 343 kWh of useful heat is also used for drying. The remaining amount of energy is divided into 126 kWh in the residual calorific value of the pyrolysis ash and 539 kWh in low-temperature waste heat, which can be used for heating purposes such as buildings, digestion, preheating, sewage sludge and the like.
  • the method according to the invention thus has a positive energy balance while minimizing the residual amount to be disposed of.
  • Conditioning method characterized by the inclusion of conditioning in the process flow of a sewage treatment plant.
  • Conditioning method characterized by the conditioning of a pre-dried digested sludge.
  • Conditioning method characterized by cleaning the gasification product (31) in a digestion tower (37).
  • Conditioning method characterized by cleaning the gasification product (31) in a digestion tower (37) for the stabilization of a raw sludge of a sewage treatment plant.
  • Conditioning method characterized by cleaning the gasification product in a washer (32).
  • Conditioning method characterized by cleaning the gasification product (31) in a washer (32) operated with dirty water (34) in a sewage treatment plant.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de pouvoir mettre à disposition un mélange gazeux à valeur calorifique élevée, obtenu par gazéification de solides biogènes, pour une combustion, notamment dans une centrale thermique classique en montage-bloc avec chauffage à distance, le produit de gazéification (31) fait l'objet d'un traitement (37), où les matières solides contenues dans le produit de gazéification (31) sont soumises à une précipitation et où les éléments condensables dudit produit de gazéification (31) se mélangent à une phase gazeuse existante, les matières solides précipitées et la phase gazeuse polluée étant ensuite nettoyées biologiquement, et le gaz (38) nettoyé étant alors disponible pour la combustion.
PCT/DE2001/001396 2000-04-19 2001-04-10 Procede de conditionnement de substances solides biogenes WO2001079123A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01937982A EP1274656A1 (fr) 2000-04-19 2001-04-10 Procede de conditionnement de substances solides biogenes
DE10191419T DE10191419D2 (de) 2000-04-19 2001-04-10 Konditionierungsverfahren biogener Feststoffe
AU63758/01A AU6375801A (en) 2000-04-19 2001-04-10 Method for conditioning biogenic solid substances

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10019635 2000-04-19
DE10019635.7 2000-04-19

Publications (1)

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WO2001079123A1 true WO2001079123A1 (fr) 2001-10-25

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EP (1) EP1274656A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6375801A (fr)
DE (1) DE10191419D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001079123A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004060587A1 (fr) * 2003-01-07 2004-07-22 International Waste Industries Limited Procede et appareil permettant de traiter des dechets organiques solides
EP2807123A4 (fr) * 2012-01-23 2015-08-26 Anaergia Inc Procédé de biométhanisation de gaz de synthèse et système de gestion anaérobie
US9416374B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2016-08-16 Anaergia Inc. Method for treating lignocellulose-bearing materials
US9868964B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2018-01-16 Anaergia Inc. Solid waste treatment with conversion to gas and anaerobic digestion
US9879285B2 (en) 2015-07-20 2018-01-30 Anaergia Inc. Production of biogas from organic materials
CZ308451B6 (cs) * 2019-03-14 2020-08-26 Ústav Chemických Procesů Av Čr, V. V. I. Způsob a zařízení pro energetické zpracování sušeného čistírenského kalu
US11123778B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2021-09-21 Anaergia Inc. Solid waste processing with pyrolysis of cellulosic waste
US11286507B2 (en) 2013-07-11 2022-03-29 Anaergia Inc. Anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4289625A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-09-15 Institute Of Gas Technology Hybrid bio-thermal gasification
DD208139A1 (de) * 1981-12-02 1984-03-28 Manfred Bohn Abproduktenfreie loesung fuer eine biologische abwasseraufbereitungsstufe
DE4302740A1 (de) * 1993-02-01 1994-08-04 Werner Trapp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur umweltverträglichen Entsorgung von biologischem Abfall, insbesondere Problemabfall

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4289625A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-09-15 Institute Of Gas Technology Hybrid bio-thermal gasification
DD208139A1 (de) * 1981-12-02 1984-03-28 Manfred Bohn Abproduktenfreie loesung fuer eine biologische abwasseraufbereitungsstufe
DE4302740A1 (de) * 1993-02-01 1994-08-04 Werner Trapp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur umweltverträglichen Entsorgung von biologischem Abfall, insbesondere Problemabfall

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004060587A1 (fr) * 2003-01-07 2004-07-22 International Waste Industries Limited Procede et appareil permettant de traiter des dechets organiques solides
US9416374B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2016-08-16 Anaergia Inc. Method for treating lignocellulose-bearing materials
EP2807123A4 (fr) * 2012-01-23 2015-08-26 Anaergia Inc Procédé de biométhanisation de gaz de synthèse et système de gestion anaérobie
US9284203B2 (en) 2012-01-23 2016-03-15 Anaergia Inc. Syngas biomethanation process and anaerobic digestion system
US9567247B2 (en) 2012-01-23 2017-02-14 Anaergia Inc. Syngas biomethanation process and anaerobic digestion system
US11286507B2 (en) 2013-07-11 2022-03-29 Anaergia Inc. Anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis system
US9868964B2 (en) 2015-02-06 2018-01-16 Anaergia Inc. Solid waste treatment with conversion to gas and anaerobic digestion
US9879285B2 (en) 2015-07-20 2018-01-30 Anaergia Inc. Production of biogas from organic materials
US11123778B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2021-09-21 Anaergia Inc. Solid waste processing with pyrolysis of cellulosic waste
CZ308451B6 (cs) * 2019-03-14 2020-08-26 Ústav Chemických Procesů Av Čr, V. V. I. Způsob a zařízení pro energetické zpracování sušeného čistírenského kalu

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Publication number Publication date
EP1274656A1 (fr) 2003-01-15
DE10191419D2 (de) 2003-04-30
AU6375801A (en) 2001-10-30

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