WO2001073873A1 - Method of making a thin film battery with a metallic lithium anode - Google Patents

Method of making a thin film battery with a metallic lithium anode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001073873A1
WO2001073873A1 PCT/US2001/009389 US0109389W WO0173873A1 WO 2001073873 A1 WO2001073873 A1 WO 2001073873A1 US 0109389 W US0109389 W US 0109389W WO 0173873 A1 WO0173873 A1 WO 0173873A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current collector
cathode
anode current
anode
lithium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/009389
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John Bates
Original Assignee
Johnson Research & Development Company, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Research & Development Company, Inc. filed Critical Johnson Research & Development Company, Inc.
Priority to AU2001252952A priority Critical patent/AU2001252952A1/en
Publication of WO2001073873A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001073873A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/049—Manufacturing of an active layer by chemical means
    • H01M4/0495—Chemical alloying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562—Solid materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of a thin film battery made in accordance with the method of the present invention prior to initial charging.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of a thin film battery made in accordance with the method of the present invention after initial charging.
  • metallic lithium ions migrate from the cathode 24, through the electrolyte 26 and to the aluminum anode current collector 34.
  • the lithium ions combine with the aluminum current collector so as to form a unified cathode and cathode current collector comprised of an aluminum lithium alloy.
  • the migrating lithium does not plate between the electrolyte and the anode current collector but rather becomes an integrated and unitized part of the entire anode current collector.
  • anode current collector which are formed of aluminum and is meant to include any metallic current collector, such as for example tin or silicon, which may alloy with an active component of a battery cell, lithium being only the preferred active component and is not intended to be a limitation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

A method of producing a thin film battery (20) is now provided wherein the battery cell commences with a substructure having a cathode current collector (32), a cathode (24), an electrolyte (26) and an anode current collector (34). Upon initial charging lithium from the cathode passes through the electrolyte and alloys with the anode current collector to for a unified anode and anode current collector.

Description

METHOD OF PRODUCING A THIN FILM BATTERY
TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to thin film battery construction, and more particularly to a method of producing thin film batteries having a combination anode and anode current collector.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known in the art that lithium batteries may be manufactured in the discharge state without an anode in order to allow easy handling of the battery. These batteries commence with a cathode collector, a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode collector. On the initial charge, metallic lithium from the cathode migrates through the electrolyte and is electroplated at the anode current collector so that the battery may operate as a lithium battery which contains only the amount of lithium at the anode that is supplied by the cathode .
Despite some improvements, the manufacture of a practical, rechargeable lithium battery that operates exclusively with an in situ plated lithium anode has been prevented by the formation of mossy, dendritic, and granular metallic lithium deposits on metal foil current collectors. Another major problem associated with the plating of an anode upon the anode current collector has been that the formation of the anode causes internal stresses caused by the volume change within the battery cell as the anode is formed. These internal stress often cause the anode current collector to separate partially from the underlying anode. This separation or cracking of the anode current collector causes a malfunction of the battery cell. Accordingly, it is seen that a need remains for a method of producing a thin film battery in situ without stressing the components of the battery. It is to the provision of such therefore that the present invention is primarily directed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a preferred form of the invention a method of producing a battery cell comprises the steps of providing a battery cell substructure having a lithium based cathode, an electrolyte and a metallic anode current collector capable of alloying with lithium, charging the battery cell substructure so as to cause lithium to migrate from the cathode, through the electrolyte and to the anode current collector, and alloying the lithium with the anode current collector to form a combination cathode and cathode current collector of one unitized structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of a thin film battery made in accordance with the method of the present invention prior to initial charging.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of a thin film battery made in accordance with the method of the present invention after initial charging.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION With reference next to the drawings, there is shown a thin film battery 20 which includes components which have been built up upon a substrate 22. The battery 20 includes a cathode current collector 23, cathode 24, an electrolyte 26 and a combination anode/anode current collector 28. The cathode 24 and electrolyte 26 are provided by a film deposited in a predetermined fashion upon the substrate 22. The battery 20 has a protective sheath 30 which overlies and coats the anode of the battery.
The substrate underlying the battery 20 may be comprised of glass, alumina, sapphire or various semiconductor or polymer materials. The cathode current collector 23 is deposited upon the substrate 22, and then the cathode film 24 is deposited upon the cathode current collector 23. The electrolyte film 26 is deposited in place so as to cover the cathode 24. Preferably, the electrolyte 26 is an amorphous lithium phosphorus oxynitride having the composition LixPOyNz . To produce the battery in accordance with the present invention the manufacturing process commences with the previously described substructure having a substrate 22, cathode current collector 23, a lithium cathode 24, electrolyte 26 and sheath 30, it should be understood however that the sheath is optional. It should also be understood that the cathode 24 and electrolyte 26 may be produced in any conventional manner. In addition to these initial components the battery also includes a pre-charging anode current collector 34 which preferably is formed of a thin film of aluminum.
Upon initial charge, metallic lithium ions migrate from the cathode 24, through the electrolyte 26 and to the aluminum anode current collector 34. The lithium ions combine with the aluminum current collector so as to form a unified cathode and cathode current collector comprised of an aluminum lithium alloy. By selecting a current collector which alloys with lithium the migrating lithium does not plate between the electrolyte and the anode current collector but rather becomes an integrated and unitized part of the entire anode current collector. By preventing the plating, as with methods of the prior art, and instead promoting the alloying of the anode current collector the internal stress upon the battery cell is minimized. Furthermore, as the pre-existing anode current collector actually becomes the anode itself the risk of separation between an anode and its anode current collector is eliminated, a problem which existed with the previously described prior art method of producing in situ plated anodes . It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to anode current collectors which are formed of aluminum and is meant to include any metallic current collector, such as for example tin or silicon, which may alloy with an active component of a battery cell, lithium being only the preferred active component and is not intended to be a limitation.
While this invention has been described in detail with particular reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that many modifications, additions and deletions, in addition to those expressly recited, may be made thereto without departure from the spirit and scope of invention as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. A method of producing a battery cell comprising the steps of :
(a) providing a battery cell substructure having a lithium based cathode, an electrolyte and a metallic anode current collector capable of alloying with lithium;
(b) charging the battery cell substructure so as to cause lithium to migrate from the cathode, through the electrolyte and to the anode current collector; and
(c) alloying the lithium with the anode current collector to form a combination anode and anode current collector of one unitized structure.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the metallic anode current collector is made of aluminum.
3. A method of producing a battery cell comprising the steps of :
(a) providing a battery cell substructure having a cathode formed of a selected active material, an electrolyte and a metallic anode current collector capable of alloying with the selected active material of the cathode;
(b) charging the battery cell substructure so as to cause a portion of the cathode active material to migrate through the electrolyte and to the anode current collector; and
(c) alloying the migrated active material with the anode current collector to form a combination anode and anode current collector of one unitized structure.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein said cathode active material is a lithium based material.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the metallic anode current collector is made of aluminum.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said cathode active material is a lithium based material.
PCT/US2001/009389 2000-03-28 2001-03-23 Method of making a thin film battery with a metallic lithium anode WO2001073873A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001252952A AU2001252952A1 (en) 2000-03-28 2001-03-23 Method of making a thin film battery with a metallic lithium anode

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US53659400A 2000-03-28 2000-03-28
US09/536,594 2000-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001073873A1 true WO2001073873A1 (en) 2001-10-04

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AU (1) AU2001252952A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001073873A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003073531A2 (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-04 Front Edge Technology, Inc. Rechargeable thin film battery with in situ formed lithium anode having permeable anode current collector
WO2010090126A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 ソニー株式会社 Solid state thin film lithium ion secondary battery and manufacturing method therefor
WO2010090125A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 ソニー株式会社 Solid state thin film lithium ion secondary battery and manufacturing method therefor
FR2943181A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-17 Commissariat Energie Atomique LITHIUM MICROBATTERIUM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
WO2015036720A1 (en) * 2013-09-16 2015-03-19 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Method for producing a lithium microbattery
WO2017180943A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Energy storage device having an interlayer between electrode and electrolyte layer
US9887429B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2018-02-06 Front Edge Technology Inc. Laminated lithium battery
US9905895B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2018-02-27 Front Edge Technology, Inc. Pulsed mode apparatus with mismatched battery
US10008739B2 (en) 2015-02-23 2018-06-26 Front Edge Technology, Inc. Solid-state lithium battery with electrolyte
US10847805B2 (en) 2018-01-09 2020-11-24 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Current collector clad with lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4996129A (en) * 1988-01-05 1991-02-26 Alcan International Limited Battery
US5612152A (en) * 1994-01-12 1997-03-18 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Rechargeable lithium battery for use in applications requiring a low to high power output
US6168884B1 (en) * 1999-04-02 2001-01-02 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Battery with an in-situ activation plated lithium anode

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4996129A (en) * 1988-01-05 1991-02-26 Alcan International Limited Battery
US5612152A (en) * 1994-01-12 1997-03-18 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Rechargeable lithium battery for use in applications requiring a low to high power output
US6168884B1 (en) * 1999-04-02 2001-01-02 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Battery with an in-situ activation plated lithium anode

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003073531A2 (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-04 Front Edge Technology, Inc. Rechargeable thin film battery with in situ formed lithium anode having permeable anode current collector
WO2003073531A3 (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-12-31 Front Edge Technology Inc Rechargeable thin film battery with in situ formed lithium anode having permeable anode current collector
WO2010090126A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 ソニー株式会社 Solid state thin film lithium ion secondary battery and manufacturing method therefor
WO2010090125A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 ソニー株式会社 Solid state thin film lithium ion secondary battery and manufacturing method therefor
US8475963B2 (en) 2009-03-16 2013-07-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Lithium microbattery and fabrication method thereof
WO2010105917A1 (en) 2009-03-16 2010-09-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Lithium microbattery and method for the production thereof
FR2943181A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-17 Commissariat Energie Atomique LITHIUM MICROBATTERIUM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
US9887429B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2018-02-06 Front Edge Technology Inc. Laminated lithium battery
US9905895B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2018-02-27 Front Edge Technology, Inc. Pulsed mode apparatus with mismatched battery
WO2015036720A1 (en) * 2013-09-16 2015-03-19 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Method for producing a lithium microbattery
US9882183B2 (en) 2013-09-16 2018-01-30 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Method for producing a lithium microbattery
US10008739B2 (en) 2015-02-23 2018-06-26 Front Edge Technology, Inc. Solid-state lithium battery with electrolyte
WO2017180943A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-10-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Energy storage device having an interlayer between electrode and electrolyte layer
US10547040B2 (en) 2016-04-14 2020-01-28 Applied Materials, Inc. Energy storage device having an interlayer between electrode and electrolyte layer
US10847805B2 (en) 2018-01-09 2020-11-24 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Current collector clad with lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte

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