WO2001070345A1 - Assemblage et procedure permettant de tester et d'ameliorer les conditions physiques et les aptitudes techniques des sportifs - Google Patents

Assemblage et procedure permettant de tester et d'ameliorer les conditions physiques et les aptitudes techniques des sportifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001070345A1
WO2001070345A1 PCT/HU2000/000025 HU0000025W WO0170345A1 WO 2001070345 A1 WO2001070345 A1 WO 2001070345A1 HU 0000025 W HU0000025 W HU 0000025W WO 0170345 A1 WO0170345 A1 WO 0170345A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
goal
field section
ball
points
kick
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PCT/HU2000/000025
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English (en)
Inventor
György MEZEY
Original Assignee
Mezey Gyoergy
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Publication date
Application filed by Mezey Gyoergy filed Critical Mezey Gyoergy
Priority to PCT/HU2000/000025 priority Critical patent/WO2001070345A1/fr
Priority to AU35709/00A priority patent/AU3570900A/en
Publication of WO2001070345A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001070345A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0053—Apparatus generating random stimulus signals for reaction-time training involving a substantial physical effort
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/002—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for football
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0028—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for running, jogging or speed-walking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/02—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00 for large-room or outdoor sporting games
    • A63B71/03—Athletic drills or obstacles for sport training, other than foot obstacles for skipping
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A63B2024/0028—Tracking the path of an object, e.g. a ball inside a soccer pitch
    • A63B2024/0034—Tracking the path of an object, e.g. a ball inside a soccer pitch during flight
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A63B2024/0037—Tracking a path or terminating locations on a target surface or at impact on the ground
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A63B2024/0037—Tracking a path or terminating locations on a target surface or at impact on the ground
    • A63B2024/004—Multiple detectors or sensors each defining a different zone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2208/00—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player
    • A63B2208/12—Characteristics or parameters related to the user or player specially adapted for children
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B63/00—Targets or goals for ball games
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B63/00—Targets or goals for ball games
    • A63B63/004—Goals of the type used for football, handball, hockey or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/0097—Ball rebound walls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/02—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00 for large-room or outdoor sporting games
    • A63B71/022—Backstops, cages, enclosures or the like, e.g. for spectator protection, for arresting balls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0605—Decision makers and devices using detection means facilitating arbitration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to arrangement and procedure for testing the characteris- tics of the physical condition of human body, and comprises at least two field sections established on a flat area. Though the arrangement and procedure have been developed mainly for testing sportsmen, in the first line football players, they are suitable for testing anybody.
  • the invention relates also to arrangements for testing the technical skill of football players, to the development of which plane reflective elements, and/or goal, and/or suspended elements, and/or electric passing-through sensor are applied, and the invention relates also to the procedure suitable for testing the technical skills of football players, which can preferably be performed by the use of the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to an arrangement comprising one or more Ixaining grounds simulating different technical situations for improving the technical skill of football players.
  • On each framing ground, at least one goal, and/or one hanging obstacle, and/or electric passing-through sensor, and/or wobbling obstacle, and/or reflective element and/or reflective element provided with a mechanism deviating the element from the vertical direction, and/or with a mechanism adjusting the height of the reflective element are placed.
  • the invention relates also to tools applicable in these or other arrangements used in fraining grounds.
  • a complex curve expressing the real performance can be taken up, which is suitable for evaluating the dynamic health state (DHE - dynamic health evaluation), as well as for deternrining the dynamic state change during the measurement, together with its rate.
  • DHE - dynamic health evaluation dynamic health state
  • simpler, or according to a given aspect more refined versions of this method are also developed, such as the ergometer driven manually or by foot described in US- 3.744.480, or the walk-band ergometer in EP-0.394.146 for study the extent of loadability, and the heart-lung examination system given in US-4.463.764 or the system in EP- 0.176.277 for taking up actual respiration data under load, the blood pressure monitor described in US-4.617.937 provides blood pressure data under load and takes up ECG curve, whereas for examinations under real circumstances, a recorder registering ECG signals and the speed of the bicycle can be used for cyclists on their way according to the US-4.434.801 patent.
  • Physiological examinations are thus complemented with different methods testing the motoric performance.
  • a method shown in patent US-4.343.315 in which the person to be examined should walk along four sections of a fraining ground, preferably along concentric circles of increasing path lengths, each of the four sections to be performed during equal times (under increasing load) under control of a two-channel electrocardiograph recording the heart function. If we take into account that in the example only 12 seconds are given for walking one circle, and the circumferences of the circles are 16-24 m, we can feel the urge that, besides tmie-consuming laboratory load tests, equivalent, fast examinations are also desired. This solution takes us already to the region of testing the motoric performance .
  • the simplest and best known method for testing motoric performance is the measurement of the running performance of sportsmen, which can be directed to checking the speed and the endurance.
  • a more precise characteristic is the result of the so-called Cooper test.
  • Cooper test As it is known, based on his experiments with running for different periods of time, professor Cooper found that the distance covered by different persons in 12 minutes correlates with the results of laboratory tests, i.e. it is in a sufficiently good correlation with physiological characteristics, and this test may be suitable to compare sportsmen with other sportsmen.
  • a similar checking method is the fan test, in which the sportsmen have to run in a small ground, the lining of which is determined, and then this is evaluated. These tests do not require any special mstruments, only a stopwatch and a running ground are needed.
  • the ball shooting power for the measurement of which there are elaborated several measuring principles.
  • the impact energy of the ball reaching the target can be measured, and from this, the shooting power can be derived according to patent US-4.749.184, in which on a supporting block, there is a horizontal arm stressed by a spring and having a bearing around a vertical axis and having a target disc at its end, the deviation of which, caused by the ball can be measured by optoelectrical sensors.
  • a plane net is spanned, and the strength of the shot is indicated by the bending of the net.
  • the kicking power of the leg can be tested directly by an instrument known from the US-4.641.834 patent, in which at kicking, the deviation of a ball supported by a spring can be evaluated.
  • the kicking power (force) can be derived from the speed of the ball, where two parallel planes are developed by nrfrared beams, and from the time needed for the ball's passing through the two planes, the speed (velocity) of the ball can be determined.
  • This instrument can have also the form, in which only the farther plane from the player is developed, and a microphone sensing the sound of kicking substitutes the nearer plane.
  • Another measurable element is the accuracy of the shot.
  • patent US-5.513.854 serves also for testing the movements of players, in which system the players (there are more players simultaneously in the system) are provided with radio transmitters, the signs of which are received by receivers placed on the side of the field, whereas signs of the ball are received by digital cameras, and a computer center establishes statistical values for the relation between the position, speed, acceleration, energy output of the players, and their relation to the ball.
  • movement sensors are planted on the site before the ice hockey goal, thus the movements of players can also be evaluated.
  • testing devices for developing the dribbling of ball and strait shooting ability, devices of different complexity can be applied, part of which have been originally elaborated for testing such skills of football players. As each practicing consists of the re- peated execution of the task and its immediate testing, testing devices mentioned above can be used naturally also for practicing.
  • Simple devices which can be considered target objects also, in addition to the nets mentioned before, are sack-like nets seen in patent US-4.083.561, as well as the device shown in US-4.905.996, in which a net is spanned onto a frame, and a net-sack can be hanged in the middle of the net.
  • the goal provided with a net shown in patent US-4.083.561 is rather a target object than an instrument owing to its very small size.
  • a goal is described containing a reflective board to ensure for the player that he could continuously practice in scoring goals alone.
  • a wobbling obstacle can also be planted, the wobbling of which simulates the diving of the goal-keeper.
  • the wobbling obstacle is a man- size, puppet-like object, the bottom of which is convex, and its center of gravity lies so high that it can be wobbled like a tumbler, which automatically returns to its original vertical position.
  • Important tools for practicing scoring and ball handling are the different reflec- five elements, the simplest versions of which are plane boards and plane nets. Such are e.g. the vertically positioned board standing on legs, as is described in patent US-4.258.924, which is mounted on a stand with spring supports, and the plane net fixed to a metal frame with flexible elements as described in DE- 32 22 185. In both cases, the flexible elements assist in changing the strength of the ball's bounce.
  • the goal mentioned in US-4.083.561 can also be used for this purpose, the rear net of which is an inclined plane reflecting net (from the front goal, from behind reflective element), as well as the device described in US-4.905.996, which, without the hanging net-sack, can be used as a vertical plane reflective element.
  • the plane board given in DE- 36 44 199 serves a similar purpose, whose sim- pier realization can be tilted relative to the vertical direction in different angles to the rear, but some are vertically divided into two to three parts, the planes of which can be tilted by joints.
  • Patent US-5.054.791 describes three plane reflective elements placed in certain angles with respect to each other and joined by vertical hinges.
  • the incidental direction of the reflecting ball can be realized best by the reflective element described in patent HU-176.737 comprising of several planes and convex surfaces, and the board according to patent HU-193.929 having convex surfaces beside each other in more rows and columns.
  • a characteristic tool is e.g. the tumbler mentioned, which can also be applied in practicing dodging, or the instrument known from US. 3.637.210 in which a suspender loaded with springs in a car movable on a path consisting of parallel wires hinges a man-size puppet.
  • the instrument is developed for rugby, a man- against-man type fight where forced collisions are usual, and these can be practiced with this tool.
  • Solutions shown above are developed for assisting players in improving of individual elements of their technical skills, part of them is even only for improving the technical aids or broaden their choice. These, by themselves are suitable only for exercising basic tasks, but are not enough for practicing complex series of tasks occurring at matches or games consisting of much move- ment and different ball handling techniques .
  • This tool is serving well the technical framing of players in this special branch of sport, however, in football different movements are necessary.
  • the man- against-man type fight with collisions takes place in different series of movements, and it is rather favorable for the player to be able - owing to his technical skill - to avoid collisions.
  • this solution is suitable for developing dodging and observing abilities, the movement prescribed by the shape of the suspended railway path (as to both, shape and width of the path) is character- istic specifically for ice hockey and cannot be applied to football.
  • a significantly broader angle of vision is needed than in ice hockey, and puppets moving on a given path cannot improve this broader sight.
  • a big drawback of this solution is its complexity.
  • the suspended path system in ad- dition of being very expensive, is not variable, moving the puppets requires significant computer capacity.
  • Patent US-5.746.669 describes an arrangement developed for exercising more complex tasks too, in which the football player have to lead the ball through several gates of a size of 3-4 times of a ball diameter said gates not lying on a straight line, and then he should shoot the ball into a larger goal. In smaller gates, swinging boards indicates the passing through of the ball.
  • This complex contains, in addition to halls for different condition fraining, 16 open-air fraining fields equipped for different technical tasks.
  • the tools suitable for testing the technical skills are applicable only for the simulation of situations coupled with small movements and intentness, but they cannot provide information on the general technical grounding of the player, and at present, no arrangement is available for either testing, or practicing which would simulate sufficiently the multi-movement, multi-player situation, in which all players should be involved as often as possible. This means that they should simultaneously handle the ball, move together with it, size up the situation for passing or scoring the ball, and execute it.
  • testing of the physical state should be ex- tended to judging the vertical and horizontal efforts of leg muscles, to judging mobility and ease of steering, to judging speed of movement in straight forward and variable directions, and to judging the circulation and muscular characteristics for this specific endurance. It should be emphasized that a well-chosen series of tasks is applicable not only for testing the physical abilities of football players, but it can give a picture on the general physical state of anybody.
  • Another aim is to develop a procedure and the arrangement necessary to obtaining sufficient information on every element of the technical grounding of a football player in a single, possibly short-term test.
  • testing of ball dribbling is misleading, if the player can follow his own and the ball's movements by sight, because sight, as sensing should be extended in the field to a significantly larger area.
  • head and eyes should be in an elevated position, in which leg and ball fall only on the area of peripheral sight.
  • tools should be applied sensible only or mainly at a head- and eye position forced in the field.
  • the solution should be that - in contrast to traditional fraining, when the player performs dribbling by visual sensing - only pieces of n-formation arriving from the different parts of the foot (inner instep, outer instep) are the relevant information pieces for the brain center governing activity (proprioceptive reflex).
  • the brain center governing activity proprioceptive reflex
  • obstacles simulating better the narrower movements and dodging situations characteristic for football are needed. It is an important task to ensure that practicing should extend not only to acquiring and keeping the ball, but also to utilization of the acquired ball (either by passing or by scoring it).
  • a complex task requires complex solution.
  • the situation of nearing to the goal is best simulated by an obstacle element of small deviation, easy movement, and relatively easy avoid- ability.
  • a loosely suspended bar in a vertical position is suit- able, whereas the situation in front of the goal is better simulated by wobbling puppets, among which the player can pass by break through, dodging, or lobbing of the ball, or he can score among them, and by a suitable reflective element, side-passing the ball, receiving the back-lobbed ball and utilization of the lobbed ball can be exercised.
  • the number of tools for practicing should be enlarged. In situations before the goal often chopped or pushed down shots have to be applied. Practicing these should be performed by means pointing out the possible path of the ball.
  • reflective elements can be used the board of which can be raised to different heights between two external holders, and the "window" through which the ball can be passed only by chopped or pushed down, is determined by the holders and the bottom edge of the plate.
  • leg muscles For dodging and ball handling, particularly developed leg muscles are needed, and that cannot be achieved merely by muscle building tools (dumb-bells, conditioning machines, etc.). It is known that "technically skilled” players can play better on wet, slippery grounds than then fellow-players. This situation can be simulated for practicing purposes by a sandy ground.
  • the invention relates to an arrangement for testing the characteristics of physical condition of human body but first of all that of sportsmen, comprising at least two field sections on a flat surface, which arrangement consists of at least two sections of fields chosen from sections differently loading the human body by either of the sprint task, and/or of jump task, and/or of plain slalom, and/or broad slalom, and/or sidling slalom, and/or of back sprint task, where all the sections have marked out starting and end points, and, in addition
  • At least three points are marked out on at least two straight-line sections connecting to each other with a certain an-gle, so that one point falls to the intersection of the straight-line sections, and the further points fall onto the straight-line sections,
  • time-keeping devices are applied in a known manner at the end and starting points of the sections for measuring times needed for passing between them.
  • the end and starting points are provided with electric sensors coupled to electric timing devices.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is that on the field section of jump task, at least one measuring point is marked out on the line determined by its starting and end points.
  • a third preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is, when on the section of jump task, the distance between the measuring point marked out between the starting and end points and the end point corresponds at least to the length of the deceleration section calculable from the whole length of the section and the acceleration and deceleration of the person to be checked.
  • At least one further point is marked out between the starting and end point of the section, on the straight line detennined by the starting and end points.
  • the one or more measuring points marked out on the section of sprint task are provided with electric sensors coupled to electric time-keeping devices.
  • the sixth preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is, in which on the section of sidling slalom task, the sfraight-line sections connect to each other in a W-form, and points are marked out on the straight lines and in the intersections, as well.
  • the seventh preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is that on the section of sidling slalom task, in the intersections of straight- line sections and at then end points electric sensors are placed coupled with electric time-keeping devices.
  • the points marked out are provided with electric sensors coupled to electric time-keeping devices.
  • the points marked out on a single line are provided with sensors falling also on a single line, the so-called influence line, and the sensors are coupled to electric time-keeping devices.
  • a leap is placed, which can easily be knocked down or pushed over at least in one direction.
  • an electric sensor is placed which is coupled to an electric time-keeping device.
  • At least one sensor is placed in the surrounding of each, the starting and end point, which is coupled to an electric time-keeping device.
  • points are marked by deflecting elements, preferably by deflecting cones.
  • points are marked out by flexibly suspended obstacles by elements placed above the points.
  • the invention relates also to the procedure for testing the characteristics of the condition of human body, first of all that of sportsmen, in the course of which the person to be checked is loaded by different kinds of movement on a flat ground, in which procedure at least two of the following steps of procedure are chosen, in which
  • the person to be checked is loaded by simple running on a field section of sprint task
  • the person to be checked is loaded by jumping on both feet on a field section of jump task
  • the person to be checked is loaded by a slalom movement, in a posture identical with the progression dhection, by passing at least three points marked out on a straight line on a field section of plain slalom task,
  • the person to be checked is loaded by a slalom movement by compassing at least three points from the side opposite to the straight line, in a posture identical with the momentary dhection of movement, on a field section of broad slalom task, - in one step, the person to be checked is loaded by a slalom movement on a field section of sidling task by compassing at least three points marked out on at least two straight-line section connecting in an angle, on their connecting points and on then ends between the points, or compassing them in the opposite dhection relative to the other points in a constantly sidling posture inde- pendently of the momentary dhection of movement,
  • the person to be checked is loaded by ninning backwards between at least two points marked out on two parallel lines , or by corn-passing them from the side opposite to the point on the other line on a section of back sprint task,
  • One of the preferred ways of execution of the procedure according to the invention is characterized in that on the field section of sprint task, the time spent by the person to be checked is measured between the starting point and one or more points marked out on the straight line determined by the starting and end points.
  • the time spent by the person to be checked is measured at points marked out in the end of straight-line sections and at theh intersections with the neighboring straight-line section.
  • the time is measured spent by the person to be checked between each point marked out on the parallel lines and touched by the person on a field sec- tion of back sprint task.
  • the person to be checked is loaded by a slalom movement in a constantly sidling posture independently of the momentary dhection of the movement, in compassing the points marked out on at least two sfraight-line sections connecting in a certain angle, at theh intersection, at points on the end of sfraight-line sections and between these points, compassing the end points in a dhection opposite to the other points, the other points alternately.
  • the person to be tested is loaded by a forward motion carried out by jumping on both feet from the starting to the end point, on the field section of jump task.
  • the person to be tested is loaded by moving between the surrounding of the starting and end points in forward di- rection, sidling to the left and to the right by jumping with both feet.
  • the person to be tested is loaded by motion carried out by jumping through leaps, which are preferably at least in one dhection easily be knocked down or pushed over.
  • a fiuther preferred way of execution of the procedure according to the invention is characterized in that the foot strength of the person to be tested is measured in the moment of the push off by both feet with a dynamometer plateau.
  • one of the preferred ways of execution of the procedure according to the invention is characterized in that on the field section of jump task, the dif- ference between the heights of the center of gravity at standing and at flying jump with both feet for the person to be tested is measured by a device suitable for measuring the rise in the center of gravity.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement applicable for testing the technical grounding of football players, and to the development of which flat reflective element, and/or goal, and or suspended obstacle, and/or electric passing- through sensor is used, in which arrangement
  • each field section is surrounded by a fence, on which at the starting and end points openings ensure the free pass of the ball, and
  • time-keeping devices are planted at the starting and end points measuring the time needed for passing through between them, and - the arrangement comprises field sections chosen at least partly from among field sections, where
  • At least one kick-off site and at least one goal site is marked out, and a target object is placed on the goal site
  • one kick-off site is marked out, and at least two flat re- flective elements are placed whose axes intersect on theh side showing towards the kick-off site, preferably in the neighborhood of the kick-off site,
  • At least one goal is marked out , with two reflective planes on its sides so that the axes of the two reflective planes intersect the axis of the goal, and the intersections fall on the goal side showing to the inter- nal part of the section,
  • the starting points and end points are provided with electric sensors, pref- erably with photoelectric cells, which, in turn, are connected to electric timekeeping devices.
  • more than one kick-off and goal sites are marked out so that a given goal site is situated in the neighborhood of a kick-off site belonging to another goal site.
  • the target objects placed on the goal site are known deflection elements, preferably deflective cones.
  • the target object placed on the goal site has a gate 1.5-2-times larger than the diameter of a football .
  • the sixth preferred embodiment of the second arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that on field section comprising two-two points on each parallel line, these points fall to the intersections of the parallel lines and two, perpendicular lines.
  • the goal consists of a series of electric passing-through sensors.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the second arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the field section comprising kick-off site and target object, and/or kick-off site and reflective element, and/or reflective element and goal, is provided with a sensor sensing at least the end points of ball movements, which sensor is coupled with a time-keeping device.
  • a field section comprising at least one kick-off site and at least two reflective planes the axes of which intersect on the side towards the kick- off site, preferably in the neighborhood of the kick-off site, the player is let kick the ball from the kick-off site to one of the reflective planes, take-over of the ball reflected and kicking it to the other reflective plane; and the time spent until a desired number of successful kicks is measured, - in one step, on a field section comprising at least one goal with reflective planes on its both sides, the axes of which intersect the axis of the goal towards the internal part of the field section, the player is let lob the ball to one of the reflective planes with instep, kick the lob the reflected ball into the goal while moving towards the goal, lob again the reflected ball to a reflective plane and then heading the lobbed, reflected ball into the goal, and the time spent on the field section for performing successfully the task is measured,
  • the player is let dribble the ball in a slalom from the right and the left, then let the player run without the ball, compassing the suspended obstacles in a slalom from the right and the left, and the times needed in both cases are measured.
  • the player is let dribble the ball in a slalom by com- passing the points from outside, and then perform the same running without the ball, and the times spent on the field section are measured in both cases.
  • the times are measured between kicking-off the ball and arrival at the goal sepa- rately, as well as the times between the arrival of the ball and repeated kicking it off.
  • t nes are measured separately between individual kicks from the kick-off site, as well as at least until the last kick-off the ball, the time between the successive kick-offs of the ball and its arrival on the reflective plane.
  • times are measured separately between the kick-off or heading of the ball and its arrival at the goal, as well as times between the repeated kick-offs or headings away of the ball bouncing back from the reflective element or the goal.
  • a seventh preferred way for executing the second procedure according to the invention on a field section comprising at least one kick-off site and at least one goal consisting of a series of electric passmg-through sensors
  • the passing of the ball through the goal is detected by the sensors, and the interval between the kick-off of the ball and its passing through the goal is measured.
  • the player is let kick the ball through both, gate and goal with the same kick, and the time spent until making a certain number of successful kicks - passing through the goal - is measured.
  • a ninth preferred way for executing the second procedure according to the invention on a field section comprising a gate consisting of a series of electric passing-through sensors and a goal, the time between passing the ball through the electric gate and the goal is measured.
  • the speed of the ball is measured between the gate and the goal.
  • the time between the passing of the player through the starting point and the first kick- away of the ball, as well as between the last kick-away of the ball and the passing the player through the end point are measured.
  • the kicking away of the ball is let done by the player once with his right, and once with his left leg from the kick-off site to the target object, and the time for performing a certain number of successful kicks - hitting the target object - is measured.
  • kicking is performed once with the right, once with the left leg of the player, the ball is kicked from the kick-off site to one of the reflective planes, the ball coming back from the first reflective plane is then taken over and kicked to the other reflecting plane, and for both legs the time needed for performing a cer- tain number of successful kicks is measured.
  • Another preferred way for executing the second procedure according to the invention is characterized in that on a field section comprising a gate con- sisting of a series of electric passing-through sensors and a goal, the player is let pass the ball by one kick through the gate and the goal with his right and left leg, the passing-through of the ball is checked by the sensors, and in both cases, the time spent on the field until achieving a certain number of successful kicks -passing through both gate and goal - is measured.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement applicable to improving the technical grounding of football players which comprises one or more fraining grounds simulating technical situations of different kinds and comprising, in the given case, at least one of the following on each: goal, and or suspended obstacle, and/or wobbling obstacle, and/or reflecting element, and/or reflective element provided with a mechanism deflecting it from the perpendicular dhection, and/or reflective element providing with a mechanism for changing its height.
  • an arrangement applicable to improving the technical grounding of football players which comprises one or more fraining grounds simulating technical situations of different kinds and comprising, in the given case, at least one of the following on each: goal, and or suspended obstacle, and/or wobbling obstacle, and/or reflecting element, and/or reflective element provided with a mechanism deflecting it from the perpendicular dhection, and/or reflective element providing with a mechanism for changing its height.
  • At least one goal and reflective elements provided with mechamsm deflecting them from the vertical dhection are placed,
  • the reflecting plate of the reflective element is held by two brackets on its both sides,
  • the first preferred embochhient of the third arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that above each of the fraining grounds equipped with suspended obstacles, at least two horizontal holders are placed.
  • the distance between the two horizontal holders being on the sides is larger than the width of the goal.
  • the fifth preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention at least two reflective elements are planted on grounds comprising goal site, wobbling obstacles, reflective elements and suspended obstacles.
  • the fraining ground comprising goal site, wobbling obstacles, reflective elements, and suspended obstacles
  • the axes of the reflective elements intersect the axis of the goal, and the intersections are on the internal side of the fraining ground relative to the goal site.
  • the reflective elements on a ground equipped with wobbling obstacles, reflective elements and suspended obstacles are provided with a mechanism deflecting them from the vertical dhection.
  • At least two reflective elements are planted.
  • the grained material applied on the ground is sand.
  • the fences of the other fraining grounds are suspended onto theh holder by flexible elements.
  • the fence of the framing ground surrounded with a soft fence is a flexible net fixed to holders which are placed outside of the plane of the fence or above it by flexible elements.
  • the fence of the ground surrounded with a soft material is a flexible net, the actual height of which is larger than the distance measured in its hanged position between its top side and the ground.
  • a preferred embodiment of the thhd arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the fence of the ground surrounded by a soft material is a flexible net, the actual height of which is smaller than the distance between its upper side and the ground, and only its upper side is fixed.
  • the invention relates also to a suspended obstacle element applicable in testing some elements of the physical condition of human body, and/or checking the technical grounding of sportsmen, and/or improving the technical grounding of football players.
  • the suspended obstacle is a vertically positioned bar suspended with its upper end on a horizontal holder in a known manner by a flexible joint enabling the bar to deflect in any dhection.
  • the flexible elements are placed on crossed horizontal holders.
  • the horizontal holders carrying the obstacles are nets.
  • the invention relates also to a reflecting element ahned to improving the technical skills of football players, which is of adjustable height, it is provided with some reflecting plate and is characterized in that it has two, vertically positioned brackets on both sides, onto which the reflecting plates are mounted by releasable joints applicable anywhere or on fixed positions in a known manner.
  • Figure 1 shows the top view of the field section of sprint task suitable for testing conditional parameters
  • Figure 2 shows the top view of field section of jump task
  • Figure 3 shows the version of field section of jump task provided with leaps
  • Figure 4 shows the top view of the field section of plain slalom task
  • Figure 5 shows the top view of the field section of broad slalom task
  • Figure 6 shows the top view of the field section of sidling slalom task
  • Figure 7 shows the top view of a version of the field section of sidling slalom task
  • Figure 8 shows the top view of another version of the field section of sidling slalom task
  • Figure 9 shows the top view of the field section of back sprint task
  • Figure 10 shows the top view of a version of field section of back sprint task
  • Figure 11 shows the top view of another version of field section of back sprint task
  • Figure 12 shows the top view of a possible version of the arrangement suitable for testing conditional parameters
  • Figure 13 shows the top view of the version of field section of sprint task provided with measuring points and movement-sensing elements
  • Figure 14 shows the top view of field section of jump task provided with dynamometer plateau and a device measuring the rise in the center of gravity
  • Figure 15 shows the perspective picture of suspended obstacles suitable also for marking out points on the field section
  • Figure 16 shows the top view of one of the field sections suitable for testing the technical skills of football players
  • Figure 17 shows the top view of a version of the previous field section
  • Figure 18 shows the top view of another field section
  • Figure 19 shows the top view of a further field section
  • Figures 20-21 show the top and side views of a fourth field section
  • Figure 22 shows the top view of a fifth field section
  • Figure 23 shows the top view of a version of the previous field section
  • Figure 24 shows the top view of a sixth field section
  • Figures 25-26 show the top and (partly broken out) side view of a version of the sixth field section
  • Figure 27 shows the top view of the arrangement of a possible version suitable for testing the technical skills of football players
  • Figure 28 shows one of the fraining grounds suitable for improving the technical skills of football players
  • Figure 29 shows the sight of the internal part of the previous fraining ground
  • Figure 30 shows another fraining ground in top view
  • Figure 31 shows a thhd fraining ground in top view
  • Figure 32 shows a fourth framing ground in top view
  • Figure 33 shows a fifth fraining ground in top view
  • Figure 34 shows a sixth fraining ground in top view
  • Figures 35-36 show a seventh fraining ground in top and side views
  • Figure 37 shows a possible version of an arrangement suitable for improving the technical skills of football players in top view
  • Figures 38-39 show the reflective element according to the invention in top and side views
  • Figure 40 shows the side view of a version of a reflective element
  • Figure 41 shows the side view of another version of a reflective element.
  • time measuring is an indispensable element in the arrangement. Since -to be seen later - the tasks are set up so that they last from the entrance till leaving the individual field sections and the whole arrangement, and that dead time should be small in order not to influence the result, only the time spent between entrance and leave should be measured. This can be done even with the simplest device, a stopwatch. However, to achieve higher measuring accuracy, it is more preferable to use an electric (or rather electronic) watch coupled to electric sensors.
  • the field section in Fig. 1 has only one starting point li, and one end, lv, point.
  • football playerl7 should run through the field section 1 in a straight line in dhection 18, i.e. that field section is that of sprint task.
  • the second field section 2 shown in Fig.2 can be shorter than the previous one, and also has a starting point, 2i, and an end point, 2v. Virtually there is no difference between sections 1 and 2, however, later on it will be seen that not only the task is different, but also section 2 can be completed with other specific tools, thus section 2 can be considered different.
  • section 2 The simplest task which can be carried out on section 2 is that football player 17, arriving in a run from starting point 2i at about the middle of field section 2 performs a certain number of jumps by both feet, then he leaves the section running through end point 2v in dhection 18.
  • field section 2 is the so- called field section of jump task.
  • the task on field section 2 can be carried out in several versions of different difficulty.
  • football player 17 arriving running to starting point 2i should cross the whole distance between starting point 2i and end point 2v in a straight line, by jumping with both feet, and may leave the section running through end point 2v.
  • This task can be essentially identical with the basic task concerning load, if the number of jumps is identical in both cases.
  • the second version of task is performed by football player 17 so that by moving to the dhection of end point 2v, he jumps with both feet through one row of leaps 7, then by sidling to the other dhection, the second row of leaps 7, and then again to the dhection of end point 2v, the first row of leaps 7.
  • the number of leaps 7 can in principle be chosen arbitrarily, it is influenced practically by the length of field section 2, and on the length of jump with both feet performable continuously. (In Fig.3 further tools to be discussed later are also shown.)
  • leaps 7 does not relate to the invention.
  • a basic requirement is that they can be knocked off or pushed over unhindered at least in one dhection, in order to avoid accidents.
  • leaps formally identical with the hurdles used in athletic hurdling can be applied, only lower than those, or similar to those used in high-jump, i.e. a cross bar on two standers.
  • the latter has the advantage that its height is adjustable.
  • Football player 17 has to cross starting point 3i by running to dhection 18, compassing alternately from the right and left points 9, he has to run through field section 3 (on so-called field section of plain slalom), then he has to leave at end point 3 v. It can be seen from Fig.4. that football player 17 slaloms be- tween points 9 so that he only steps out to the right and to the left, not changing his posture relative to dhection 18.
  • football player 17 arriving running through starting point 4i have to run to direction 18 by compassing points 11 alternately from Othe right and from the left on field section 4 (i.e. on the field section of broad slalom). Thus, here football player 17 has to change his posture corresponding to the curves during slaloming. After the last point 11, football player 17 leaves the field section by running through end point 4v.
  • Field section 5 shown in Figure 6 is the simplest version of the so-called field section of sidling slalom.
  • three points 13 are marked out so that they fall on the intersection and ends of two sfraight-line sections 12 connected in a V-shape. (Other tools are also shown in Fig.6, they will be discussed later, similarly to Fig.3.)
  • Football player 17 has to compass alternately points 13 so that his posture does not change relative to the straight line determined by starting point 5i and end point 5v, he moves only by sidling steps to dhection 18. He arrives running to starting point 5i, and leaves running through end point 5v.
  • the task can also be performed so that football player does not compass points 13, but he is only sidling from point to point through field section 5.
  • points 13 should be placed farther from each other, and in this case it is advantageous, if some instrument is placed on points 13 in a way described later, which have to be touched by football player 17.
  • the load of football player 17 on field section 5 of sidling slalom task can be increased in different ways.
  • FIG.8 Another possibility is shown in Fig.8.
  • two sfraight- line sections 12 further two sections 12 are connected.
  • Individual straight-line sections enclose angles, thus the arrangement shows a W-shape.
  • Points 13 are marked out at the intersections of straight-line sections 12 and at the end of the two external lines. This is essentially a simple multiplication of the basic version, thus the task here can also be performed by sidling from point to point.
  • points 16 can also be placed in the way shown in Fig. 10. In this case, football player 17 does not have to turn at points 16.
  • the measure of performance on all field sections is the time spent between passing through starting points li, 2i, 3i, 4i, 5i, 6i and end points lv, 2v, 3v, 4v, 5v, 6v measured by an appropriate timekeeping device, e.g. stopwatch.
  • FIG.12 An example for the arrangement developed particularly for testing the physical condition of football players is shown in Fig.12.
  • the sequence of field sections is the following: field section of sprint task 1, field section of jump task 2, field section of plain slalom3, field section of broad slalom 4, field section of sidling slalom 5, field section of back sprint task 6.
  • end point lv and starting point 2i; end point 2v and starting point 3i; end point 3v and starting point 4i; end point 4v and starting point 5i; end point 5v and starting point 6i coincide.
  • Each of the li-6i starting points and lv-6v end points is provided with sensor 19, which are, in the present case, photoelecfric cells.
  • Sensor 19 is coupled to a timekeeping device TM.
  • Time-keeping device TM measures separately the time of passing through for each field section 1-6, and fransmits the data into a computer.
  • the PC computer summarizes the times needed for carrying out the tasks on field sections 1-6, and the processed data are stored for each football player separately, thus, the data can immediately be compared with earlier ones, or, if it is available, with the standard.
  • the length L3 of field section of plain slalom 3 is 15 m. On straight line 8, eight points 9 are marked out. The distance, Tl, between neighboring points 9 is 1.5 m.
  • the length L4 of field section of broad slalom is 15 m.
  • eight points 11 are marked out so that theh distance, T2, from sfraight line 10 is 0.5 m, whereas the distance, T3, between subsequent points 11 is 1.5 m.
  • the length L5 of field section of sidling slalom 5 is 20 m. On the two straight- line sections 12 forming the V-shape, three points 13 are marked out. The distance, T4, between neighboring points 13 is 6.0 m. The length L6 of field section of back sprint task 6 is 20 m. The distance, T5, between sfraight lines 14 and 15 is 7 m, there is one point 16 on both of them.
  • An aspect for choosing the length and distance values from among the given size range can be e.g. whether the arrangement is developed for testing children or adults. It should be pointed out that e.g. in performing the slalom tasks, the result is also influenced by the rhythm of motion, which, in turn, is influenced by the relationship between step length and the distance between the points to be compassed, or the practicability of jumping is influenced by the body dimensions of the person to be tested.
  • the whole length, LK, of the arrangement should always be between 75 and 100 m, even if it is developed not for testing foot- ball players and it does not comprise all field sections.
  • the explanation for this is that the difference between loadability of persons does not show during a too short load, and especially not in the time needed for the performance. On the other side, a too long loading is an unnecessary overstrain for the person tested, and at the end of loading the body is aheady overtired which fact falsi- fies the result.
  • the field section of sprint task should be the first one, and the field section of jump task at most the second one.
  • Measuring points are marked out on the sfraight line connecting starting point li and end point lv, whose number depends on the aspects according to which we want to test the acceleration capacity. If only the average value of acceleration is needed, then only one measuring point is necessary, at the beginning of the deceleration part, point 20 lying nearest to end point lv. In determining the length of the deceleration part, the highest expected deceleration value should be considered.
  • timing device TM At each of measuring points 20 and 21, one sensor 19 connected to a timing device TM can be placed. (If an electronic timing system is aheady developed for internal points, naturally starting point li and end point lv can also be provided with sensor 19, which can also be coupled to timing device TM, and this, in turn, with the computer system.) On field section of jump task 2, complementing measurements according to different aspects may be performed.
  • sensors may be placed about half a step before and behind each of the jumping sites (not shown in the figure). If section 2 should be passed on a straight line by jumping with both feet, this task can be performed in a relatively uniform rhythm in the whole length of field section 2, thus the time needed for passing through between starting point 2i and end point 2v is the real time of the task.
  • the part-times of the three sections should be measured separately as well, as theh comparison provides evaluable information. (It is known that the performance of people in different directions, e.g. in sidling to the right and to the left, is usually not the same.) If time is measured by using a stopwatch, no other technical means are needed.
  • sensors 19 should be placed at the end points of field section 2.
  • they may be placed on the same side as starting point 2i and end point 2v, with a parallel influence line, as shown in Fig.3.
  • the course of measurement can be well followed in Fig.3: football player 17 runs in through starting point 2i, performs the task by jumping the leaps 7 to the right of him in straight line, runs away before sensor 19 placed at side of end point 2v, performs sidling jumps to the right on the second row of leaps 7, runs away before sensor 19 at the side of starting point 2i, then performs sidling jumps to the left on the first row of leaps 7, and finally leaves field section 2 by running through end point 2v.
  • Sensors 19 are coupled to timing devices TM (not shown) in the known manner.
  • dynamometer plateau 22 or the device for measuring the rise in the center of gravity 23, which are indicated in Fig. 14. Both devices are known, but for sake of lucidity, it should be mentioned that dynamometer plateau 22 is essentially a balance measuring the leg-strength at push-off, whereas device 23 measuring the rise of the center of gravity is a column containing horizontal plates from two meters on, which can be rotated, and is provided with uniform scaling.
  • Football player 17 should rotate the plates at jumping up with his raised arms, indicating thereby the height of his jump.
  • the task of this device is principally to measure the difference between the position of center of gravity for the football player in standing position and in the height he reaches by jumping up. Since, however, the center of gravity is difficult to identify other points of the body being or keepable in identical distance from it in standing and during motion may also be used for this purpose.
  • the arm can be kept in a raised position in standing and at jumping, thus theh distance does not change, the rise in the arm is identical with the rise in the center of gravity.
  • Both, dynamometer plateau 22 and device for measuring the rise of the center of gravity 23 may be provided with electric sensors, which in turn, may be coupled to an electronic jump-evaluating unit FM.
  • the data of jump-evaluating unit FM can be fransmitted into a computer (not shown), where they are processed similarly to time data.
  • sensors 19 are placed to the intersections and at the end points 13 of V-shaped straight-line sections 12 shown in Fig.6, which sensors are coupled to time measuring device TM (not shown). Perceptible deviation is only detectable if the distance of points 13 is large enough, and or there are further points 13 marked out on straight-line sections 12. If points 13 are arranged in a W-shape shown in Fig.7, sensors (not shown) should be placed at each intersection of sfraight-line sections 12.
  • each task section can be measured by sensors (not shown) whose senders and receptors are placed outside the two external points 13 falling to the sfraight line.
  • the time not spent for performing the actual task can make half of the whole time between starting point 6i and end point 6v, i.e. the time for passing from point 6i to the first point 16, and from the second point 16 and end point 6v.
  • this ratio is improved to an extent depending on the number of points 16 marked out, but even in the case of five points 16 on each section, it still makes 10%.
  • the solution is here also the application of sensors 19 placed at individual points 16. In the embodiment shown in Fig.11.
  • sensors 19 allowed the conclusion for the necessity of applying devices to which senders and receivers are needed, e.g. photoelectric cells, it should be pointed out again that any sensor is suitable developed for sensing the nearing to or passing a point. At this point this is of importance, because e.g. on field section 6, at performing the back sprint task, it is not by all means necessary to pass through or pass by point 16 marked out, or at standing jump(s) on field section 2 to measure H & time spent on a given place, thus the infrared detector indicating also nearing can be preferably used.
  • the measure of the state of condition tested ac- cording to the invention is -even in case of performing the before mentioned complementary measurements - always the time spent for the performance on individual field sections and theh sum.
  • a measure may also be developed into which results of the complementary measurements are also built in. No general guide can be given for this, it should always be considered which particular requhements made the measurement necessary.
  • any evaluation system is usable, from simple summing up, through weighed summing up, until the point system.
  • Starting points li, 2i, 3i, 4i, 5i, 6i and end points lv, 2v, 3v, 4v, 5v, 6v are essentially marked out with painted lines, but in order to improve the accuracy of measurements it is expedient to use sensors 19. When applying those, there is no need for other marks.
  • points 11 should be passed from the opposite side relative to straight line 10, as to the task, the zone between point 11 and straight line 10 is a dead area.
  • points 11 can be marked by painted half-lines intersecting straight line 10 perpendicularly, the end of which half-lines coincides with the given point 11.
  • low, board-like elements may also be placed.
  • points 11 can be marked out also in pahs. In tins case, the task can be started to both, to the right and to the left dhection. In such an arrangement, points 11 may be marked by straight-line sections intersecting straight line 10 perpendicularly, and the end points of them coincide with symmetrically arranged points 11.
  • suspended obstacles 26 seen in Fig.15 may also be applied.
  • This is essentially a vertical bar, which is hanged on horizontal holder 24 above e.g. field section 3, and suspended above point 9 (or above any of points 9, 11, 13, 16) by a flexible joint 25 ensuring unhindered deviation.
  • Horizontal holder 24 is placed in a height that football player 17 can pass under it, and it is a bar, in the embodiment shown in Fig.15. Its two ends are fixed to two leg-supports 27, but in other arrangements, more columns, or if the arrangement is in a gymnasium, its wall can also serve the purpose. It will be seen later that the bar forming horizontal holder 24 may be provided with a series of borings 28 falling on a sfraight line - as shown in Fig.21 - or that horizontal holder 24 can also be a wire - as in Fig.29 - or a net consisting of wires or bars - as shown in Fig.37. If the net, due to a large span, hangs too much in, it is useful to bind it at several points to some auxiliary wire 29 placed above the net.
  • Flexible suspension 25 may be e.g. a piece of rope, a rubber rod, a ball-joint, etc., the vertical bar forming the obstacle, is made of a material with a weight, owing to which it can be deviated by the passing runner without any pain and injury, but it is not so light that it could be deviated to a great extent by small power effects.
  • field sections seen in Figs. 16-27 have been developed.
  • the shaping of each field section is so that the football player to be tested could perform each technical task alone, without a partner.
  • the total of field sections ensures testing of all technical problems and situations, thus a general picture can be obtained about the technical skills of the football player.
  • each field section is covered by lawn.
  • other coverings used in sport fields may also be applied.
  • the simplest fence is a net spanned onto col- uinns high enough for the ball being not able to leave the field section.
  • field sections may also be covered by a net.
  • holes of a size are cut suitable for football players to run easily through them.
  • a time measuring device is an indispensable element of this arrangement. Tasks here are assorted so that they last from stepping in to leaving, for both individual field sections and the whole arrangement, thus measuring the time elapsed between stepping in and leaving is satisfactory. In a well-constructed arrangement the dead time is relatively small, thus it does not influence the results significantly. Therefore, time may be measured also by a stop watch similarly to the previous arrangement, but in order to increase the accuracy, it is preferable to use some kind of electric sensors coupled to some kind of time measuring devices aheady mentioned.
  • kick-off site 38 is a straight line
  • goal site 39 is a point.
  • Paint as used in sport (football) fields marks both.
  • a plane reflective element 39 is placed at goal site 39, in which reflective element there is a hole of about the size of one and a half times bigger than the football. It is seen from Fig. 16 that both, kick-off sites 38 and goal sites 39 are placed symmetrically, from which fact it follows that in the simplest case, one of each is also enough.
  • Starting point 31i and end point 31v are marked out at the two openings in fence 37 surrounding field section 31.
  • Field section 31 serves the measurement of the accuracy of passes. The task is the following.
  • Football player 17 runs through starting point 31i, and runs to any of kick-off sites 38. A ball is placed onto kick-off site 38. Football player 17 should kick the ball to the opposite target object 40. Kick-off site 38 is so far from fence 37 that football player 17 can near to kick-off site 38 from the dhection offence 37. Then he runs to other kick-off site 38 while handling the ball, and then he kicks it to the opposite target object 40. If he does not succeed in hitting some of target objects 40, he has to repeat kicking until he reaches the appropriate number of hits, in the present case two hits. After performing the task, football player 17 leaves the ball on field section 31, and runs out at end point 31 v. The task can be made more difficult so that both goal objects 40 should be hit twice or even more times.
  • the ideal movement of football player 17 of ideal skill is marked by dhection 18 drawn by a dashed line and arrows, whereas the pathway of ball 56 is marked by a dotted line.
  • the measure for the performance according to the invention is the time between passing through starting point 3 li and end point 3 lv. This is more advantageous, since football player 17 is forced to handle the ball during a quick mo- tion. This simulates better the situations during a match.
  • Football player 17 kicks the ball from the nearest kick-off place to starting point 3 li (relative to the longitudinal axis of field section 31) either from the right, or from the left side, to the nearest opposite target object 41, teclmically from the end of the sfraight line containing kick-off sites 38 nearest to starting point 3 li, then runs to the other sfraight line containing kick-off sites 38, and from kick-off site 38 lying beside the target object hit previously, he scores again to the opposite target object 41.
  • moving in a zigzag line he should hit all goal objects 41 after one another. Measurement of performance occurs as previously.
  • a field section 32 is shown on which, in addition to starting point 32i and end point 32v, a kick-off site 42 is marked out, and its two neighboring corners are provided with reflective elements 43.
  • Kick-off site 43 is a circle of a somewhat larger diameter.
  • Reflective elements 43 are plane boards of vertical position, turned to the internal part of field section 32 with theh reflecting surfaces, and the axes 43t of the two reflective elements intersect on theh sides towards the internal part of field section 32, preferably in the neighborhood of kick-off site 42, or, even more preferably, they also cross kick-off site 42.
  • Football player 17 runs to dhection 18 through starting point 32i, up to kick-off site 42, and he kicks the ball placed on it to one of reflective elements 43. He takes over the bouncing ball at kick-off site 42, and kicks it with a quarter turn to the other reflective element, then leaving the ball on field section 32, he leaves the field through end point 32v.
  • the measure of performance is here also the time spent between passing starting point 32i and end point 32v, the length of which way is influenced by the necessary motion of football player 17 to acquhe the bouncing balls at kick-off site 42, and if he fails at some of the reflective elements, he should repeat kicking.
  • the task can be made more difficult by increasing the number of reflective elements 43, or the number of kicks.
  • Goal 44 is a simple goal frame, either of normal size or smaller depending on how large field section 33 is.
  • Reflective elements 45 are plane backboards tilted backwards.
  • Goal 44 is placed at the side of field section 33, preferably immediately at fence 37, thus a large area is free in front of it, and the ball scored to goal 44 is bounced from fence 37.
  • Reflective elements 45 are situated on both sides of goal 44 so that theh axes 45t intersect the axis 44t of goal 44, and the intersection M falls to the inside of field section 33.
  • This field section 33 is constructed for testing lobbing the ball into goal with the instep, flying kick and heading to goal. The task is the following.
  • football player 17 runs into field section 33 with the ball through starting point 33i. Just as he arrives, he makes a lobbing with instep to one of the opposite reflective elements 45. By moving towards the bouncing ball arriving back from reflective element 45, he makes a flying kick into goal 44. The bouncing ball coming back from goal 44 is then kicked again to some of reflective elements 45, and the lobbed ball is headed into goal 44. Heading can be carried out either by kicking up or without it. After performing this task, football player 17 leaves in rurming through end point 33 v. The measure of performance is the time elapsed between passing starting point 33i and end point 33 v. The task can be made more difficult by increasing the number of playing at one goal, or so that on the other side of field section 33, another goal 44 and two reflective elements 45 are placed.
  • Field section 34 On field section 34 shown in Figure 20 in top, and in Fig. 21 in side view, in addition to starting point 34i and end point 34v, three points 47 are marked out on a sfraight line 46. Above each point 47, a suspended obstacle 26 - aheady described - is hanged.
  • Field section 34 is constructed for measuring the capacity for dribbling and ball handling, and the task to be carried out is the following.
  • Field section 35 is constructed for measuring the capacity for dribbling and ball-controlling technique. The task is the following.
  • Football player 17 runs with the ball placed in front of him through starting point 35i into field section 35, rolls the ball in between the first pah of points 50, while he compasses one of points 50, e.g. that on the left side. By compassing point 50, he runs through between the first and second pah of points 50, while rolling the ball further between the second pah of points 50. After that, he compasses the right one of the second pah of points 50, and runs between the second and thhd pah of points 50. Finally, he compasses the left one of points 50 in the second pah, and runs out of the field section with the ball through end point 35v.
  • the start in dhection 18 is arbitrary, i.e. football player 17 decides whether he starts from left or right. Performance is measured as the time elapsed between passing through starting point 35i and end point 35 v. The task can be made more difficult in several manners.
  • FIG 24 the top view of field section 36 with starting point 36i and end point 36v is shown. About in the middle of field section 36, a straight line marks out a kick-off site 51, whereas beside fence 37, a goal 52 is to be found. Goal 52 - similarly to goal 44 - may be a simple goal frame of the size of a normal goal, but in case of a smaller field section 36, it is preferable to apply a smaller one.
  • the task on field section 36 serving the measurement of scoring ability is the following.
  • the task on field section 36 can be made more difficult by increasing the number of balls to score.
  • field section 36 can also be arranged so that two kick-off sites 52 are marked out in the middle, and there are goals 52 on both sides.
  • Player 17 can choose goal 52 corresponding to his physical faculty. In this arrangement the task can be made more difficult by letting football player 17 score to both goals 52.
  • Goal 52 can also be constructed in the way shown in Figs. 25 and 26 in top and side views. Goal 52 is essentially formed by two columns 25, on which passing-through sensors are mounted above each other in distances smaller than the diameter of the football. These passing-through sensors are photoelecfric cells, but other devices, preferably electronic ones may also be applied. The arrangement makes checking the performance easier, as well as in case if it becomes necessary, checking the accuracy of the shot.
  • a second gate 53 can also be placed between goal 52 and kick-off site 51, close to the latter, which is also provided with passing-through sensors 55.
  • Gate 53 provided with passing-through sensors 55 makes possible to measure, in addition to time spent on field section 23, also the speed of ball when passing through gate 24, from which the shooting force can also be determined.
  • goal 52 and gate 53 are not necessarily of the same size, goal 53 may be smaller.
  • gate 53 essentially consist of the plane sensed by passmg-through sen- sors 55, they can be arranged not only in vertical, but also in horizontal rows.
  • Fig. 27 An example for the arrangement for testing technical skills is shown in Fig. 27.
  • the sequence of field sections is 31, 32, 34, 35, 33, 36.
  • Field sections 31, 32, 34, 35, 33, 36 are surrounded by fence 37, and are separated from each other.
  • fence 37 Corresponding to the sequence, at starting point 31 i, at common starting and end points 3 lv-32i, 32v-34i, 34v-35i, 35v-33i, 33v-36i there are openings in fence 37, which - similarly to the arrangement shown in Fig.12 - are provided with sensors 19.
  • Sensors 19 are also in this case photoelecfric cells, coupled to an electronic timing device TM.
  • Timing device TM measures the passing through times separately in each field section 31, 32, 34, 35, 33, 36, and transmits them into a personal computer (PC).
  • the PC sums up the times spent for the tasks on field sections, and the processed data are stored separately for every player, thus they can be immediately compared with previous data.
  • standards of technical skills can be elaborated, thus the mcoming data can be compared with them, too.
  • kick-off sites 38 are formed by two parallel lines, and at the same place, four goal sites 39 are marked out, onto which deflection elements aheady mentioned are placed as target objects 41.
  • the distance between neighboring goal sites Tl 1 is 5 m.
  • a kick-off site 42 and, in its four corner, four reflective elements 43 are to be found.
  • the diameter of kick-off site D is 4 m
  • the distance between kick-off site 42 and reflective elements 43, T12 is 11 m.
  • the width of reflective elements 43 is 3 m
  • theh height is 1.5 m.
  • two pahs of goal 52 and gate 53 are placed on both sides of the axis determined by starting point 36i and end point 36v.
  • the passing- through sensors 55 on goals 52 and gates 53 are coupled to a speed (velocity?) -sensor VM that transfers the data to the PC.
  • Theh processing occurs in a similar way as that of time data.
  • the widths of paired goals 52 and gates 53 are not identical, that of goals 52 is 5 m, whereas that of gates 53 is 2m, theh height is the same, 2 m, the distance T17 between them is 9 m.
  • the task is to score to the two pahs of goals 52 and gates 53 several times (three times to each), and after every shot the player should turn to the other goal pah comprising goal 52 and gate 53.
  • the lengths of either the whole field or of individual field sections are of no significant importance, as the time needed for the performance is hardly influenced by the running speed.
  • the difficulty of tasks is also more preferably increased by increasing the number of tasks and tools placed on the field sections than by increasing theh length. Due to the characteristics of football, the placing of tools and the distances between them have a more important role, but a professional should be capable of choosing from them based on the principal arrangement. This choice will be obviously influenced by the area available, but an aspect to be taken into ac- count may also be e.g. whether the arrangement is designed for testing adults or children. Therefore the following dimensions are only suggested values.
  • any other surface can be used, and the angle between the axis 45t of reflective element 45 to the axis 44t of goal 44 can also be relatively freely chosen within the given principal conditions.
  • the time spent is influenced also by the motion of football player 17 without the ball, i.e. that how much time is spent for bringing himself or the ball to a suitable position.
  • the simplest way to establish this is a motion analysis, where the series of motions carried out on field sections 31, 32 or 33 is divided into sections, and the times needed for them are measured separately.
  • the first section lasts always from passing starting points 31i, 32i or 33i to the site where football player 17 kicks the ball fhst according to the task given, and the last one from the last kick to passing end points 31v, 32v or 33v.
  • the section between the first and last section should be studied differently for field sections 31, 32 or 33.
  • This time can also be measured so that we take into account only the time between arrival at target object 40 or 41 and the repeated kick.
  • this solution it should be considered that football player 17 is still on his way towards kick-off site 38, when the ball had aheady reached target object 40 or 41, thus the player cannot acquire the ball hnmediately.
  • analysis of the motion series between the first and last motion may be as follows.
  • football player 17 kicks off the ball from kick-off site 42 to one of reflective elements 43, and then kicks the bouncing ball again from kick-off site 42 to the other reflective element 43.
  • football player 17 should run to the place where the bounced ball is expected, and should acquire the ball.
  • ball comes back to the place from where football player 17 kicked it off, and then he can perform a flying shot. It is also a good result, if the ball arrives at any place from where football player 17 can perform either a flying shot, or he can kick it back after a rebound immediately.
  • time between the first and last section can be divided into sections, in which the ball is principally always in the ah, and football player 17 should position himself in a favorable position during this time.
  • the measurement of times between the kicking offs the ball, its arrival to reflective element 45 or goal 44, and its repeated kicking off or heading away is aheady enough. From the difference in times needed for individual sections it can be established whether football player 17 has moved satisfactorily without the ball on field section 33.
  • Times necessary for performing the tasks may be measured by a stop watch, though as only very short times are involved, the accuracy of the stop watch or rather that of its operator is questionable. Therefore, preferably more accurate timing possibilities should be applied.
  • a microwave system described earlier - which follows instead of the player, rather the ball- is suitable, or a system consisting of digital cameras placed in an appropriate way, but simpler and cheaper solutions are also known for solving this task.
  • a microphone is placed (not shown), which is coupled to a timing device TM not shown.
  • the microphone senses the noise of kicking off, as well as that of the ball arriving at target object 40 or 41, to reflective element 43, and to goal 44 and reflective element 45 (goal 44 should be designed by a hard reflective surface at the back), thus from the signs the time elapsed between kicking and hitting can be measured, and, in tasks with strictly known distances, even the velocity of the ball can be determined.
  • the sensing system should be adjusted so that it senses only the noise caused by kicking and hitting as signs to be taken into account.
  • starting points 31i, 32i, 33i and end points 31v, 32v, 33 v can also be provided with sensors 19, which can also be cou- pled to timing device TM, and this with the PC of the arrangement.
  • the sign of the microphone indicates in all cases the start and end of the section to be measured, thus processing and evaluation do not pose any problem.
  • the microphone did not sense that the ball reflected from the first reflective element 43 falls down, since football player 17 could not kick it away immediately. Therefore in this case, the time needed for coming back of the ball is considered to be equal to that elapsed between kicking off the ball and its hitting reflective element 43.
  • the first and last sections as interpreted above can be applied also for field section 36, since football player 17 has to run to the middle for performing the task, and after that, he has to leave field section 36 by starting from this point.
  • the indirect measurement described above is not necessary here, the sign of sensor 55 belonging to goal 53 indicates the end of first section at the first kick, and the start of last section at the last kick.
  • the measure of testing the technical skill comple- mented with the above measurements according to the invention remains the thne spent for performing the tasks on individual field sections and the sum of them.
  • other measures can be derived e.g. so that only the so-called “real play times” are summarized so that the first and last sections spent on field sections 31, 32, 33 or 36 are left out. "Real play time” can be determined in a more precise way.
  • a combined measure can be developed into which, in addition to the time spent for performing the tasks on individual field sections, the results of these complementary measurements are also built in. No general guide can be given for this, always the particular circumstances necessitating the measurement should be considered.
  • all evaluation sys- tems including simple summation, weighed summation or point systems can be used.
  • the measure for evaluating the tests is the time needed for passing through the arrangement, this, in itself is not an absolute measure, it makes only comparative relation possible. For example, two football players can be compared with each other, the performance of a football player before and af- ter grounding or the state of a sick human being in different stages of the illness or reconvalescence. However, only performances can be compared measured always on the same arrangement. This means that though the arrangement can be designed from any field sections in any sequence, the arrangement once constructed must not be changed, or a change makes earlier results unusable (useless). Moreover, not only the arrangement, but also tasks must not be changed.
  • the arrangement designed for testing technical skill shows the general grounding of the football player, and from his performances on individual field sections, conclusions can be drawn for the short-comings of a player.
  • Specially designed training fields serve the improvement of faults and grounding.
  • One of the places of fraining to be carried out according to the invention is fraining ground 61 shown in Fig.28 in top view.
  • a goal 68 On training ground 61, a goal 68, four wobbling (teetering) elements 69 and two reflecting elements 70 are placed, above fraining ground 61, five suspended obstacles 26 are hanged with flexible joints 25 on each of two horizontal holders 24.
  • Figure 29 shows the inside of fraining ground 61 as is seen from the axis of goal 68.
  • Goal 68 is to be found at one side of fraining ground 61. Opposite to it, parallel to straight line 61e crossing it, horizontal holders 24 are placed. Wobbling ob- stacles 69 stand between goal 68 and suspended obstacles 26.
  • any known reflecting element of known material and design can be used, thus the simplest reflecting board of vertical dhection is satisfactory. However, from the viewpoint of tasks to be carried out it is preferable if at least theh angle to the vertical dhection can be varied.
  • Reflective elements 70 stand at both sides of goal 68, theh axes 70t intersect the axis 68t of goal 68. Theh intersection Ml falls inside of fraining ground 61.
  • Training ground 61 is surrounded by fence 71, which may be a simple wire net mounted on simple bars, but nets of more flexible material are also suitable, and the spanning of net may also be flexible.
  • fence 71 is provided with an opening for passing through, which can be closed by a door of the same design as the fence.
  • football player 17 leads the ball to wobbling obstacles 69 by compassing suspended obstacles 26 in a dribbling way, and scores the ball to goal 68 through elements 69. If the position of wobbling obstacles does not allow scoring, football player 17 has several choices. He either dribbles himself between them, and scores so to goal 68, or hits the ball to some of reflective elements 70, and then he has to score the ball bouncing before or behind obstacles 69 into goal 68. The task can also be given so that reflective elements 70 by all means should be brought in play.
  • Training grounds according to the invention can be developed also for exercising a series of tasks comprising less tasks.
  • Goal 68 is situated on one side of training ground 62.
  • Horizontal holders 24 are parallel to straight line 68e passing through goal 68.
  • Training ground 62 is also surrounded with fence 71, in front of which reflective elements 72 may be placed on both sides of goal 68.
  • Training ground 62 is suitable for exercising dribbling, taking over the ball by dribbling, and dribbling-scoring. The exercise and its effect are the following:
  • Goal 68 is situated on one side of fraining ground 62, wobbling obstacles are placed to the foreground. Horizontal holders 24 are parallel to straight line 68Q passing through goal 68. Training ground 62 is also surrounded by fence 71.
  • Training ground 62 is developed for increasing the capacity for ball leading to different dhections, dribbling, scoring and evaluation and processing of situations before the goal. The exercise and its effect are as follows:
  • football player 17 leads the ball to moving wobbling obstacles 69, between suspended obstacles 26, by dribbling, and scores the ball to goal 68 between them. If the position of wobbling obstacles does not allow scoring, football player dribbles himself through them and then scores to goal 68.
  • the tool set provided in the embodiments is determined by supposing one goal 68 in each case. Later on, when describing the complete arrangement, it shall be seen that by placing more goals 68, simultaneously more players can exercise. Naturally, to more goals 68 more tools are needed.
  • the number of wobbling obstacles 69, reflective elements 70 and suspended elements 26 belonging to one goal 68 can also be freely increased, and by increasing this number, the difficulty of the task and the variability of simulated situations also increases.
  • the adversary has only 10 fielders, thus in the match to be mod- eled, also only several players participate.
  • the number of tools is restricted also by the area available.
  • Horizontal holders 24 When applying two horizontal holders 24, it is preferable to place them parallel to each other, as these arrangement models best the adversaries tackling the player.
  • Horizontal holders 24 may be placed in other dhection as parallel to the axis 68t of goal 68, but this is not really necessary.
  • the task is the same, only the angle from which scoring occurs is different, hi modeled situations this is of no importance.
  • the arrangement parallel to axis 68t is universal, because place is best utilized this way, thus this placement is preferable.
  • Reflective elements 73 are also of plane surface, and they can be adjusted and fixed in positions deviating from the vertical dhection.
  • Theh axes 73t intersect the axis 68t of goal 68, theh intersection M2 falls inside of fraining ground 64.
  • Training ground 64 is also surrounded by fence 71.
  • Running football player 17 kicks the ball to reflective element 73, and forwards the ball arriving back from it by heading or kicking into goal 68.
  • reflective elements 73 and similarly, reflective elements 70 on fraining ground 61 are placed on both sides of goal 68 so that their axes 73t and 70t intersect the axis 68t of goal 68 in the inside of fraining grounds 64 and 61.
  • This is dictated by expedience originating from the tasks to be practiced, since the aim is that the ball kicked to them gets back into the neighborhood of football player 17.
  • tasks can be modeled also to such arrangements, e.g.
  • Ml and M2 are preferably placed in the manner shown.
  • one goal 68 and one reflective element 74 is situated on fraining ground 65 shown in Fig. 33.
  • Goal 68 is placed to the side of fraining ground 65.
  • Reflective element 74 which will be discussed later in more detail, has two vertical holders on its two sides, and a plane board which can be fixed at different heights. Reflective element 74 is placed in the foreground of goal 68. Training ground 65 is also surrounded by fence 71. It will be seen from the technique of exercises that on fraining field 65 is preferable if in front offence 71, before goal 68, two reflective elements 72 are also placed.
  • Football player 17 has to kick the ball immediately or after taking it over flatly, lobbed, chopped or screwed - depending on the height under the lower edge of the plane board of reflective element 74 - into goal 68.
  • Football player 17 performs the task alone, if fence 71 is rigid enough or there are reflective elements
  • Faulty execution creates immediately a new situation to be react to, as the bouncing ball arriving back from reflective element 74 should be kicked again to goal 68.
  • the task can be made more difficult if reflective element 74 is not only adjustable in height, but can also be tilted.
  • Training ground 66 serves to improve the conditions for a successful execution of football technique, (dynamic force of leg muscles and the staying power of local musculature), to create and exercise conditions decisively necessary for successful fighting. Exercise and its effect are as follows.
  • Grained material 75 may also be other material than sand (chemically Si ⁇ 2).
  • fence 71 is preferably developed so that it consists of a net of flexible material, or it is spanned flexibly, and reflective elements 72 are planted to the foot offence 71.
  • Training grounds 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 or 66 may be surrounded fully by reflective elements 72, but, in some cases, it is enough to place them at certain sections offence 71, as is shown in Figs.30 and 33.
  • Training ground 67 is developed for training and exercising different kinds of kicks and for a particular development of staying power.
  • the exercise consists of scoring the ball by football player 17 with different forces and to different directions by different kinds of kicks to flexible fence 76.
  • the form offence 76 ensures continuous exercising, as the ball arrives back always softly before football player 17, thus he can kick the ball continuously without setting it.
  • each technical solution placed outside the surface offence 76 is suitable as holder 77, e.g. wires spanned out above fence 76 in a certain distance, with holder columns outside fence 76. (If necessary, holding elements of whe 77 can also be applied bound with auxiliary whes 29 similarly to the solution shown in Fig.29.)
  • Another suitable solution may be that fence 76 made of a soft material is wider when spread out than the height between its upper edge and the ground, thus it hangs loosely in.
  • the lower edge offence 76 made of a soft material is not fixed (this is suitable rather for nets made of a heavier material). Flexible joints can be avoided in both cases.
  • the conditions on the fraining ground simulate those on regular football fields. Therefore, in each case, except for training ground 66 covered by sand, the ground is covered by lawn. This is not a necessity, artificial lawn, a mixture of earth and sawdust, and other covering materials used on sport fields can be applied.
  • goal 68 is the same as that of standard goals.
  • smaller goals can be used, mainly if only a smaller area is available.
  • FIG. 37 A possible arrangement according to the invention for improving the technical skills of football players is shown in Fig. 37.
  • Training grounds 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and 66 are built beside each other and surrounded by fence 71, but they are also separated from each other. Training ground 67 is also included in the arrangement, but due to its development, it is not surrounded by fence 71.
  • reflective elements 72 forming a continuous surface are placed, whose height MV is 1.5 m.
  • Training ground 61 is rectangular. At each of its two shorter sides, one goal 68 is placed. There are further eight wobbling obstacles 69 and six reflective elements 70. Reflective elements 70 can be rotated around theh horizontal axis. Above framing ground 61, horizontal holders 24 are arranged in a web-form, on which holders twenty suspended obstacles 26 are hanged. Positioning of wobbling obstacles 69, reflective elements 70 and suspended obstacles 26 is arbitrary, thus they can be placed half and half in front of the two goals 68, but in modeling special situations, they can all be placed before one of goals 68. Length L7 of fraining ground 61 is 50 m, L8 is 25 m.
  • Training ground 63 is also rectangular. On each of its two shorter sides one goal site 68 is to be found, and eight wobbling obstacles 69 are also placed on it. Horizontal holders 24 above fraining ground 63 are also arranged in a weblike manner, and twenty suspended obstacles 26 are hanged on them. Positioning of wobbling obstacles 69 and suspended obstacles 26 is also arbitrary, they can be divided in front of the two goals, and - in the way aheady mentioned - they can also be grouped together before one of the goals. Lengths LI 1 of fraining ground 63 is 50 m, whereas L12 is 25 m.
  • For each of fraining grounds 61, 62 and 63 is characteristic that the distance T18 between the two external horizontal holders 24 towards goal 68 is larger than the width SK of goal 68.
  • distance Tl 8 is 8 m
  • width SK is 7.32 m (it is a regular goal, thus its height MK is 2.34 m).
  • Distance T19 between horizontal holders is 1.0 m.
  • Width of reflective elements 70 is 5.0 m, theh height is 2.0 m.
  • framing ground 64 On framing ground 64, two goals 68 are opposite to each other with a reflec- tive element 73 on theh both sides.
  • Length L13 of fraining ground 64 is 20 m, its length L14 is 25 m.
  • the width of reflective elements 73 is 5.0 m, theh height is 2.0 m.
  • Training ground 65 is provided with four goals 68, one on its each side.
  • One reflective element 74 is placed in front of each goal.
  • Both lengths of fraining ground 65 L15 and L16 are 25 m.
  • the width of reflective elements is 5.0 m, theh height 2.0 m, largest height of theh lower edge is 2.5 m.
  • Length L17 of fraining ground 66 is 20 m that of L18 is 25 m.
  • Training ground 67 corresponding to principles, is empty, its both lengths L19 and L20 are 10 m.
  • Lengths L7 and LI 1 40-75 m; lengths L8, L9, L10, L12, L13, L14, L15, L16, L17, L18: 20-40 m; lengths L19 and L20: 8-15 m; width SK: 2.0-7.5 m; height MK: 1.0-2.5 m; Height MV: 1.0-1.5 m; distance T19: 0.3-1.0 m; Width of reflective elements 70 and 73 and that of board of reflective element 74: 2.4-7.5 m; theh height: 1.3-3.5 m.
  • fraining ground 61 can also be designed so that one of its shorter sides is arranged corresponding to fraining ground 63, whereas its two longer sides can be transformed into fraining ground 62 by placing two further goals 68.
  • training grounds 64 and 65 can also be drawn together.
  • the arrangements according to the invention offer a possibility for the players to carry out the exercises without liindering each other.
  • the invention can be realized by a smaller number of fraining grounds as well, in the same quality, but with the disadvantage that time to be spent on the exercises is shorter.
  • Reflective element 74 has a plane, reflective plate 79, which is a flat board. Reflecting plate 79 is placed on two, vertically placed holding arms 80 at its two vertical sides. Holding arms 80 are constructed of two parallel laths each so that they form a vertical slit, and they are built onto parallel sockets 81. Between these sockets 81, connecting bars 82 are placed. In both holding arms 80, bores 83 of identical scale are made, into one of them a fixing drift 84 is plugged. Reflective board 79 is placed into slits of holding arm 80 so that its lower end lies on fixing drift 84.
  • Reflective element 74 shown functions as follows.
  • Reflective element 74 shown can be adjusted vertically and tilted, as well.
  • fixing element 84 By releasing fixing element 84, reflective board 79 can be shifted on holding arms 80 into the deshed position. After adjusting, fixing element 84 is to be fixed again. After releasing fixing elements 87, holding arms 80 can be rotated around a joint of horizontal axis 85, and after reaching the angle position de- shed, fixing elements can be fixed again in the new position.
  • Reflective element 74 illustrated in Fig. 41 can also be adjusted vertically and tilted.
  • a fixing element (clamp) 84 and a slide 86 are mounted onto each of holding arms 80 fixed rigidly to sockets 81.
  • a fixing element (clamp) 84 and a slide 86 are mounted onto each of holding arms 80 fixed rigidly to sockets 81.
  • Each of the vertical edges of reflective element 74 are connected to fixing elements 84 by joints 85 of horizontal axes on theh upper part, and on theh lower part, also by joints, to swing-bars 89. Swing-bars 89 are placed into clamp-like fixing elements developed on slides 86.
  • This reflective element 74 should be adjusted as follows.
  • Slide 86 can freely move on holding arms 80, thus after releasing fixing element 84, reflective element 79 can be shifted freely independently whether it is vertically positioned or tilted, and can be fixed in the deshed height by fixing elements 84.
  • fixing element 90 should be released. After that, swing-bars 89 can be shifted, and with them, reflective element 79 can be rotated around joint 85 of horizontal axis, then can be fixed again in the position deshed by fixing elements 90.
  • Theh structure ensures the vertical adjustment and tilting of the reflective board.
  • any known structure can be used as reflective element.
  • nets spanned on frames, and boards consisting of arched plates or more plates or nets can also be used, independently of theh curvature.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des assemblages et des procédés permettant de tester et d'améliorer les conditions physiques et les aptitudes techniques d'un athlète et d'un footballeur en particulier. Le test de l'athlète comporte des exercices indépendants ou combinés sélectionnés dans une gamme de courses de sprint, de saut, ou de slalom sur des terrains de sport avec des trajectoires imposées et/ou des appareils d'entraînements comme des buts, des parois sur lesquelles le ballon rebondit ou encore des obstacles permettant la simulation de diverses situations de tests. La performance individuelle peut être évaluée en fonction des données recueillies électroniquement grâce aux mesures réalisées au moyen de capteurs acoustiques ou électriques.
PCT/HU2000/000025 2000-03-24 2000-03-24 Assemblage et procedure permettant de tester et d'ameliorer les conditions physiques et les aptitudes techniques des sportifs WO2001070345A1 (fr)

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AU35709/00A AU3570900A (en) 2000-03-24 2000-03-24 Arrangement and procedure for testing and improving the physical condition and technical skill of sportsmen

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WO2005005000A1 (fr) * 2003-07-10 2005-01-20 Western Investments Capital Sa Dispositif de mesure
EP1789145A2 (fr) * 2004-08-25 2007-05-30 Life Cirque Systeme et procede pour un parcours d'obstacles modulaire a difficulte variable
EP1830931A4 (fr) * 2004-11-05 2010-11-24 Sparq Inc Evaluation d'athleticisme et systemes de mesure de performance
CN106994017A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2017-08-01 山东鲁能软件技术有限公司 一种y型可视足球训练舒展测试仪及测试方法
CN109646930A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 山东踢踢足球数据科技有限公司 一种用于测试重复冲跑的跑道和测试方法
WO2023083843A1 (fr) * 2021-11-09 2023-05-19 Scarab Sports Bv Planche de rebond interactive pour l'apprentissage et les tests de performance d'agilité

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US8038589B2 (en) 2004-08-25 2011-10-18 Life Cirque, Llc System and method for a modular obstacle course with variable difficulty
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CN106994017A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2017-08-01 山东鲁能软件技术有限公司 一种y型可视足球训练舒展测试仪及测试方法
CN106994017B (zh) * 2016-12-30 2023-10-24 山东鲁能软件技术有限公司 一种y型可视足球训练舒展测试仪及测试方法
CN109646930A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-19 山东踢踢足球数据科技有限公司 一种用于测试重复冲跑的跑道和测试方法
CN109646930B (zh) * 2018-12-21 2022-11-15 深圳踢踢体育科技有限公司 一种用于测试重复冲跑的跑道和测试方法
WO2023083843A1 (fr) * 2021-11-09 2023-05-19 Scarab Sports Bv Planche de rebond interactive pour l'apprentissage et les tests de performance d'agilité
BE1029911B1 (nl) * 2021-11-09 2023-06-12 Scarab Sports Bv Interactief kaatsbord voor het oefenen en testen van wendbaarheid

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