WO2001069754A1 - Eolienne - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2001069754A1
WO2001069754A1 PCT/SE2001/000491 SE0100491W WO0169754A1 WO 2001069754 A1 WO2001069754 A1 WO 2001069754A1 SE 0100491 W SE0100491 W SE 0100491W WO 0169754 A1 WO0169754 A1 WO 0169754A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant according
generator
wind power
frequency
semi
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2001/000491
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Fredrik Owman
Lars Nilsson
Bengt FRANKÉN
Original Assignee
Abb Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Ab filed Critical Abb Ab
Priority to AU2001239620A priority Critical patent/AU2001239620A1/en
Publication of WO2001069754A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001069754A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/32—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by dynamic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F03D9/257—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind power plant comprising at least one wind power station that includes a wind turbine, an electric generator driven by the turbine, and an electric alternating current connection which connects the wind power station with a transmission network or distribution network.
  • PCT/SE 99/00944 describes a wind power plant that has an electric alternating current connection between wind power station and transmission network or distribution network. This application discusses the difficulties experienced in transferring power over long distances in an alternating current cable due to losses. The application also teaches a method of alleviating these difficulties by lowering the frequency of the AC transmission with the aid of frequency converters connected in the AC-connection, which reduces the losses and therewith enables transmissions over much longer distances than in the case of conventional AC-connections.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wind power plant of the aforedescribed kind that includes an AC-connection for power transmission to the transmission network or distribution network, said plant being simplified by driving the electric generator directly from the wind turbine in the absence of an intermediate gearbox. Disclosure of the invention
  • the generator is a synchronous generator designed for generating low-frequency AC- energy. This affords the advantage of reducing the losses in the AC-connection between wind power station and network, as discussed above, and enables power to be transmitted over longer distances than those achieved with conventional AC- transmissions.
  • a plurality of generators belonging to a corresponding number of wind turbines are connected in parallel on the generator side of the AC-connection.
  • This electric interconnection of the generators can be effected in the wind power station park, wherewith the AC-connection can be implemented through the medium of a common AC-cable from all generators, alternatively, the parallel coupling can be made at a receiving station in the receiving network, wherewith the AC-connection is implemented with an individual AC-cable from each generator to said receiving station.
  • a frequency converter is provided in a receiving station at the transmission network or distribution network for converting the frequency of the voltage generated by the wind power station to the network frequency.
  • the frequency converter is suitably a rotating frequency converter of motor and generator. The losses are then avoided in the electronics included in a static converter. Because the frequency is given on each side of the frequency converter, both motor and generator can be comprised of synchronous machines.
  • the synchronous generator in each wind power station and/or the synchronous machines of the frequency converter then beneficially includes a winding which comprises a flexible high-voltage cable.
  • Such a synchronous generator can be constructed for voltages of up to 800 kV, i.e. direct coupling, in the absence of transformer, to any type of power network is possible.
  • Wind power plants have been constructed for voltages of up to 24 kV, although there is nothing to prevent the voltage from being considerably increased in this embodiment at the same rotation speed. Because the transmission from the wind power station to the receiving network can thus be effected at a very high voltage and at a low frequency, the frequency converter is conveniently placed close to the transmission network or distribution network, the transmission capacity of the AC- connection becomes very high. Moreover, the alternating voltages in the networks on the respective sides of the converter are very likely to be different and the voltage in the receiving network may, of course, differ from case to case. For this reason, voltage matching must also be effected.
  • the cable in- eludes a conductive core which is surrounded by an insulating system that includes two semi-conductive disposed layers on each side of a solid insulation, the semi-conductive layers forming substantially equipotential surfaces.
  • the electric field is enclosed in this way.
  • the inner layer of the semi-conductive layers has substantially the same potential as the electrically conductive core located inside of said layer, and is conveniently in electrically conductive contact with the core or a part thereof.
  • the outer layer of said semi-conductive layers is connected to a predetermined potential, preferably ground potential, or a relatively low potential. This enables the full length of the outer semi-conductive layer of the cable, and also other parts of the plant, to be kept at substantially ground potential, and the electric field externally of the outer semi-conductive layer is close to zero in the regions of the ends of the coil or winding. This means that no field concentrations will occur, either in the core of the machines, in the regions of the coil ends or in the transitions therebetween.
  • the motor-generator set of the frequency converter is provided with an additional rotating mass.
  • a strongly varying wind will result in power pulsations that may have a disturbing effect on the receiving network.
  • the additional inertia constituted by such a rotating mass creates an energy store which provides stability against power pulsations and, together with the elastic coupling between wind turbine and generator, the inventive plant will deliver wind-generated electricity of high voltage quality.
  • damper windings are arranged in the generator rotor for correcting temporary deviations from the synchronous speed caused by disturbances. Deviations or cyclic variations in the rotor speed typical with a frequency of some Hz are quickly dampened by such short-circuited so-called damper windings in the rotor as a result of currents induced in the short-circuited windings, which strive to restore the generator to its "synchronous state" through the medium of the air-gap flux.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an inventive wind power plant
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cable suitable for use in the cable-wound machines included in the plant.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the principle construction of an exemplifying embodiment of the inventive wind power plant comprising a plurality of parallel-connected wind power stations.
  • Each of the wind power stations includes a wind turbine 12 which is coupled to a synchronous generator 6 through the medium of an elastic torque take-up coupling 4, without an intermediate gearbox.
  • the coupling 4 may, for instance, be a slipping coupling or rubber coupling.
  • the wind power stations in a park are connected in parallel and connected to an AC-connection 10 through the medium of suitable switches and disconnectors, schematically shown at 8.
  • the generators 6 in the inventive plant are synchronous generators designed for low frequencies. By low frequency is meant in this connection a frequency which lies beneath 20 Hz, preferably a frequency of about 10 Hz.
  • the generators thus deliver a low frequency alternating current for transmission on the connection 10, this being favourable from a loss aspect.
  • the low frequency in the alternating current connection 10 is e.g. 10 Hz
  • the capacitive current in the cable of the AC-connection 10 decreases five times for the same voltage in comparison with a normal network frequency of 50 Hz.
  • the synchronous generator 6 is conveniently constructed in accordance with so-called cable technology, meaning that for at least one winding there is used a cable of high voltage type with solid insulation of the kind shown in figure 2.
  • This cable 1 is a high-voltage cable of generally the same kind as that used for power distribution, i.e. a XLPE cable whose insulation is comprised of cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene-propylene.
  • the cable 1 includes an electrically conduc- tive core with a plurality of strands 2.
  • the strands 2 are surrounded by an insulation system that includes two semi-conductive layers 3, 5 disposed on respective sides of a solid insulation 4. It is important that the semi-conductive layers are in intimate contact with the intermediate insulation and that the semi-conductive layers and the fixed insulation have essentially the same coefficients of thermal ex- pansion so as to ensure that this intimate contact is achieved or sustained also at varying temperatures.
  • the cable is flexible and the semi-conductive layers 3, 5 form substantially equipotential surfaces, which enable the electric field to be enclosed so that the outer surface of the cable 1 can be maintained at substantially ground potential.
  • the solid insulation and its surrounding semi-conductive layers 3, 5 are formed with an electrical insulating resistance that exceeds 3 kV/mm, preferably exceeding 5 kV/mm.
  • the cable will in this way be well suited for use as a winding in a sta- tor core for high voltages, while retaining control of the electric field and without risk of damaging electric discharges, PD (Partial Discharges).
  • the cable is pref- erably dimensioned for voltages in the range of 10-50 kV, although it may also be dimensioned for higher voltages.
  • wind power stations to produce a low-frequency, high-voltage alternating voltage for transmission on the connection 10, which gives the connection a very high transmission capacity.
  • the need for transformers for stepping-up the voltage is also eliminated.
  • Wind power stations have at present been constructed for voltages of up to 24 kV, although there is nothing to prevent this voltage level being raised with the same number of revolutions.
  • the generators are suitably dimensioned for a power in excess of 1 MW, preferably in excess of 1.5 MW, and preferably for powers in the range of 3-6 MW.
  • the rotors of the generators 6 are preferably of a permanent-magnet type, so as to obviate the need for rotor regulation.
  • Alternating-current cables are used for the transmission connection 10 to a switch gear at the receiving network 14.
  • an alternating current connection may, of course, extend from each of the wind power stations and not be connected in parallel until the receiving station is reached.
  • the receiving network 14 may be any commercial power network whatso- ever.
  • both motor 18 and generator 20 may be formed of synchronous machines appropriately constructed in accordance with cable technology, in other words each machine includes a winding of high voltage cable, as described above.
  • the converter 16 effects both frequency conversion and voltage matching to the receiving network 14.
  • the numbers of poles in each machine 18, 20 are adapted such that they correspond to the frequency ratio that prevails between the low fre- quency of the voltage delivered by the wind power stations and the frequency of the receiving network 14, normally 50 or 60 Hz.
  • the machines 18, 20 of the converter 16 can be dimensioned so that an output voltage matched to the network voltage will be obtained directly from the generator 20, i.e. no system transformers are required.
  • the plant is suitably grounded, high-ohmically or directly-grounded, via a centre tapping on the motor of the rotary converter. This is particularly beneficial in the case of sea-located wind power stations, the converter being normally land- based where grounding can be achieved more easily. Moreover, the provision of suitable coupling arrangements enables a faulty part of the system to be disconnected in the event of a fault in the plant, and the remainder of the plant to be op- erated.
  • the synchronous machines in the rotary converter also have, advantageously, the capacity to both produce and consume reactive power, i.e. the power factor (cos ⁇ ) ⁇ 1.
  • Each machine can then regulate the AC voltage on "its" network, namely the alternating current connection with the wind power stations and the receiving transmission or distribution network respectively.
  • the described rotary converter Compared with static converters, the described rotary converter has the additional advantages of lower losses and, to a great extent, the avoidance of harmonic generation.
  • the rotating converter 16 is therefore suitably provided with an additional rotating mass which, as a result of its inertia, stabilises the system so as to enable wind-generated electricity of high voltage quality to be obtained.
  • This additional rotating mass may, for instance, have the form of a flywheel. Minor deviations in the speed of the generators 6 may always occur temporarily as a result of disturbances. For this reason, short-circuited damper windings are included in the usual manner in the rotor poles to accelerate damping of such variations and to return the speed to the synchronous speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une éolienne composée d'au moins une usine éolienne comprenant une turbine à vent (12), un générateur électrique (6) commandé par l'usine éolienne, et une connexion de courant électrique alternatif (10) qui relie l'usine éolienne à un réseau (14) de transmission ou de distribution. La turbine à vent (12) et le générateur (6) sont reliés directement par l'intermédiaire d'un élément de raccordement élastique (4).
PCT/SE2001/000491 2000-03-15 2001-03-08 Eolienne WO2001069754A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001239620A AU2001239620A1 (en) 2000-03-15 2001-03-08 Wind power plant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0000872-2 2000-03-15
SE0000872A SE519430C2 (sv) 2000-03-15 2000-03-15 Vindkraftanläggning

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001069754A1 true WO2001069754A1 (fr) 2001-09-20

Family

ID=20278830

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2001/000491 WO2001069754A1 (fr) 2000-03-15 2001-03-08 Eolienne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001239620A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE519430C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001069754A1 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030084472A (ko) * 2002-04-27 2003-11-01 필 진 김 풍력을 이용한 연합력 발전장치
US7205678B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2007-04-17 Matteo Casazza Wind power generator
NL1030682C2 (nl) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-19 Hennequin Beheer B V Systeem en werkwijze voor regeling van energieopslag en energieopwekking met behulp van vliegwielgeneratoren.
EP1914872A1 (fr) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Parc éolien
WO2010000663A1 (fr) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé et système de commande d'une installation éolienne comprenant un certain nombre de générateurs de turbine éolienne
EP2592734A1 (fr) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-15 Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS Engrenage électrique et procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine à rotation haute vitesse
NO334144B1 (no) * 2011-09-12 2013-12-16 Aker Subsea As Roterende undervannsinnretning
US8937397B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2015-01-20 Wilic S.A.R.L. Wind power turbine and method of removing a bearing from a wind power turbine
US8937398B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-01-20 Wilic S.Ar.L. Wind turbine rotary electric machine
US8957555B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-02-17 Wilic S.Ar.L. Wind turbine rotary electric machine
US8975770B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2015-03-10 Wilic S.Ar.L. Wind power turbine electric generator and wind power turbine equipped with an electric generator
US9006918B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-04-14 Wilic S.A.R.L. Wind turbine
US9312741B2 (en) 2008-06-19 2016-04-12 Windfin B.V. Wind power generator equipped with a cooling system
EP1467463B1 (fr) 2003-04-09 2016-12-21 General Electric Company Parc d'éoliennes et méthode correspondante
US9601925B2 (en) 2010-09-13 2017-03-21 Aker Subsea As Stable subsea electric power transmission to run subsea high speed motors
DE102016006849A1 (de) * 2016-06-04 2017-12-07 Josef Harlander Stromerzeugung ohne Umweltschäden

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU750648A1 (ru) * 1978-06-20 1980-07-23 Научно-Производственное Объединение "Циклон" Способ включени на параллельную работу с сетью ветроэлекрического агрегата

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU750648A1 (ru) * 1978-06-20 1980-07-23 Научно-Производственное Объединение "Циклон" Способ включени на параллельную работу с сетью ветроэлекрического агрегата

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 198117, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1981-D7757D, XP002946398 *

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7205678B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2007-04-17 Matteo Casazza Wind power generator
US7385306B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2008-06-10 Matteo Casazza wind power generator including blade arrangement
US7385305B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2008-06-10 Matteo Casazza Wind power generator and bearing structure therefor
KR20030084472A (ko) * 2002-04-27 2003-11-01 필 진 김 풍력을 이용한 연합력 발전장치
EP1467463B1 (fr) 2003-04-09 2016-12-21 General Electric Company Parc d'éoliennes et méthode correspondante
NL1030682C2 (nl) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-19 Hennequin Beheer B V Systeem en werkwijze voor regeling van energieopslag en energieopwekking met behulp van vliegwielgeneratoren.
EP1914872A1 (fr) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Parc éolien
US8415817B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2013-04-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wind farm
US9312741B2 (en) 2008-06-19 2016-04-12 Windfin B.V. Wind power generator equipped with a cooling system
WO2010000663A1 (fr) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé et système de commande d'une installation éolienne comprenant un certain nombre de générateurs de turbine éolienne
CN102067407A (zh) * 2008-06-30 2011-05-18 维斯塔斯风力系统集团公司 控制包括多个风力涡轮发电机的风力发电站的方法和系统
US8688282B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2014-04-01 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Method and system for controlling a wind power plant comprising a number of wind turbine generators
US8937397B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2015-01-20 Wilic S.A.R.L. Wind power turbine and method of removing a bearing from a wind power turbine
US8975770B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2015-03-10 Wilic S.Ar.L. Wind power turbine electric generator and wind power turbine equipped with an electric generator
US9601925B2 (en) 2010-09-13 2017-03-21 Aker Subsea As Stable subsea electric power transmission to run subsea high speed motors
US8937398B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-01-20 Wilic S.Ar.L. Wind turbine rotary electric machine
US8957555B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-02-17 Wilic S.Ar.L. Wind turbine rotary electric machine
US9006918B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-04-14 Wilic S.A.R.L. Wind turbine
NO334144B1 (no) * 2011-09-12 2013-12-16 Aker Subsea As Roterende undervannsinnretning
CN103797676A (zh) * 2011-09-12 2014-05-14 阿克海底公司 用于稳定的水下电力传输以运行水下高速电机或其它水下负载的装置
GB2507446B (en) * 2011-09-12 2017-01-11 Aker Subsea As Device for stable subsea electric power transmission to run subsea high speed motors or other subsea loads
US9728968B2 (en) 2011-09-12 2017-08-08 Aker Subsea As Device for stable subsea electric power transmission to run subsea high speed motors or other subsea loads
EP2592734A1 (fr) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-15 Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS Engrenage électrique et procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine à rotation haute vitesse
US9685897B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2017-06-20 Vetco Gray Scandinavia As Electrical gear and method for operating a subsea machinery rotating at high speed
DE102016006849A1 (de) * 2016-06-04 2017-12-07 Josef Harlander Stromerzeugung ohne Umweltschäden

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE519430C2 (sv) 2003-02-25
SE0000872L (sv) 2001-09-16
AU2001239620A1 (en) 2001-09-24
SE0000872D0 (sv) 2000-03-15

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