SECURITY DEVICE
The invention relates to a security device and a method for forming such a security device. Security devices are used for securing documents, security cards and the like and are intended to prevent such documents from being copied. It is well known to make use of devices such as holograms to defeat copiers and also various printed devices, often based on the use of raised, printed features which result in certain latent image effects. For example, O-A-9833658 discloses the printing of a raised image on a reflective or brightly coloured background so that as the device is tilted relative to incident light, different effects can be seen. US-A-5468581 discloses a device in which a design is overprinted with a white opaque ink to produce an image. The image is not readily visible to the naked human eye when viewed generally perpendicular to the plane of the document but becomes readily visible when the document is tilted.
There is a need to develop new security features in view of the continuing sophistication of copiers, scanners and other digital reproduction methods.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a security device comprises a specularly reflective background or a background having a specularly reflective component; and an image provided on the background using an opaque, white or lightly coloured diffusely reflective ink which is detectable against the background.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, a method of forming a security device comprises: a) providing a specularly reflective background or a background having a specularly reflective component; and, b) providing an image on the background using an opaque, white or lightly coloured diffusely
reflective ink which is detectable against the background . We have found that the combination of a specularly reflective background or a background having a specularly reflective component and an image provided in an opaque, white or lightly coloured diffusely reflective ink leads to a particularly characteristic effect which can be easily detected but which makes the device very difficult to copy. Typically, the diffusely reflective ink (or image ink) can have a colour different from the background but other types of difference are also envisaged. For example, a coloured metallic background could be used overprinted with a litho ink the same colour shade but not metallic. The difference could also be in terms of the gloss levels of the inks rather than colour.
The background may be plane, for example a solid metallic print or have a pattern, for example an intricate design such as a line working. The diffusely reflective ink could then be printed in register with the background so allowing the device to blend into the design of the article to which it is applied, for example a banknote.
The image may be printed using a litho, letterpress, flexography, screen print, intaglio or gravure process.
The variation in appearance of the device will depend on the particular printing processes involved.
It will also depend on the thickness of the image print, reflection characteristics of both the background comprising of a specularly reflective background and the image ink, the colour of both and the orientation of the light source for viewing.
With a diffuse light source and viewing the sample normally the image appears dark on a light background. Viewing at 45° the image appears light on a dark background . The reason for these changes is partly due to the specularly reflective nature of the background and also due to the different proportions of the specularly and diffuse
reflective properties of the two components (i.e. the images and background inks) . When the ink is printed with intaglio and the device is tilted the change in contrast becomes highlighted. Typically, the background will be formed by a metallic layer or metallic particles which could either be printed, for example by litho, screen, gravure, letterpress, flexographic printing process, coating process, ink jet, laser dye sublimation, intaglio, film transfer, die stamping or thermography, on a substrate, or could be a self-supporting metallic layer. However, other backgrounds are possible such as metallic foils and threads and non- metallic foils.
The opaque, white or lightly coloured reflective ink will typically be printed on the background using any convenient printing process, for example litho, gravure, screen, intaglio, letterpress, ink jet, digital, laser, coating process, dye sublimation, intaglio, film transfer, die stamping or thermography. By "lightly coloured" we mean colours having a CIE 1976 lightness value (L*) greater than 50, and preferably greater than 70.
The security device can be formed in a number of steps and in particular steps a) and b) could be sequentially performed.
However, in some preferred aspects, the method further comprises providing the image on a support; providing the background over the image on the support; and transferring the background and image onto a substrate whereby steps a) and b) are carried out substantially simultaneously. This can be achieved particularly easily using a lithographic process or offset letterpress process preferably so the security device is printed on a substrate in a single pass. This minimises processes without entailing additional costs.
Thus, in the preferred process, the security device is printed on a substrate in a single pass.
As mentioned above, the invention could be used with a variety of articles or items to enhance the security of those items against copying. Typical examples include security cards such as identification cards, credit cards, banknotes, cheques, bonds, certificates and Brand Protection applications.
In some instances, for example identification cards and credit cards, it may be desired to produce a laminated security document carrying a security device according to the first aspect of the invention or formed by a method according to the second aspect of the invention.
Typically, such a laminated security document would be laminated with at least one sheet of laminating film.
When laminating film is used, the laminated security document may be laminated within a pouch pre-formed from two sheets of laminating film.
The laminating film used to laminate the security document may be a thermal laminating film or a pressure sensitive laminating film. If the laminating film is not pre-formed into a pouch then a liquid laminating process may be used instead.
Some examples of security devices and methods according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic plan of an example of a security device according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic view of apparatus for printing the device shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 illustrates the device being viewed; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated security document; and,
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a pre-formed pouch into which a security document may be encapsulated.
The device shown in Figure 1 is provided on a paper substrate 1 and comprises a plane, metallic layer 2 lithographically printed on the substrate 1 with the letters "DE LA RUE" 3 lithographically printed on the
background 2. The letters 3 are printed m a white, opaque, diffusely reflective ink examples of which will be described in more detail below.
When the device in Figure 1 is illuminated by a light beam 10 at 45° to the plane of the substrate 1 and viewed perpendicularly 11 (Figure 3) , the letters 3 appear light on a dark background. This is because light incident on the background 2 is specularly reflected away from the observer. When the substrate 1 is viewed 12 at an angle of about 45° to the perpendicular, the letters 3 appear dark on a light background. This is because the light incident on the background 2 is now reflected towards the observer and dominates the information reaching the observer so that the letters 3 appear dark as a result of reflecting far less light towards the observer.
As the device is viewed at larger angles from the normal, the appearance will revert back to the letters appearing light on a dark background. In some cases, with a suitable choice of ink for the letters 3, the letters 3 can almost disappear when the device is viewed perpendicularly.
The device shown in Figure 1 may constitute an entire article such as a banknote or the like m which case other information relating to the article will be printed on the background 2 m a conventional manner. Typically, however, the device will form part of an article and could be adhered to another document which it is intended to secure.
As mentioned above, the background 2 and the letters 3 can be provided on the substrate 1 using a variety of different printing techniques. It is particularly advantageous to use a lithographic or offset letterpress technique since both printing steps can be achieved m a single pass. This is achieved using the apparatus shown schematically in Figure 2. The substrate 1 is passed between an impression roll 5 and a blanket roll 6. As the roll 6 rotates, opaque, white litho ink from a reservoir 7
defining the letters 3 is transferred on to the roll 6 following which the roll is coated with the metallic ink 2 from the reservoir 8. The rol^ then rotates to bring the metallic ink into contact with the substrate 1 where the metallic ink and the previously provided white, opaque ink is transferred on to the substrate 1.
In other methods, separate printing steps are used and, for example, these may comprise the combinations of intaglio print for the opaque ink on a lithographic metallic background; and a letterpress print opaque ink on a lithographic metallic background. The metallic background could also be screen printed.
Table 1 sets out suitable metallic inks which can be used for the background.
TABLE 1
Metalstar 02 O/S Rich Pale Gold (ex Eckhart) N 0135 O/S Silver (ex Process Inks)
Unipak Superlitho 9312 (Wolstenholme International Limited)
Unipak Low VOC 9339 (Wolstenholme International
Limited) Unipak Heatset 9609 (Wolstenholme International
Limited) Unipak UV Offset 8121 (Wolstenholme International
Limited)
Table 2 provides examples of opaque pigments which can be used for the opaque ink forming the letters 3,
TABLE 2
Titanium Dioxide RHD2 (ex British Oxide) Zinc Oxide, Lithopone (both Colour Pigments Manufacturer's Association Inc.)
Micro Mica (Norwegian Talc Ltd) Barytes (Viatron Industries Ltd) The preferred pigment is titania
A preferred example for a white opaque ink is 30% titania and 70% vehicle. However, inks having between 10 and 60% titania, preferably 20-40%, are suitable for litho/ letterpress printing and 10-40% for intaglio. The same quantities are appropriate for other opaque pigments.
In the case of lightly coloured inks (non-white) , preferred formulations include:
24.9% titania/75% vehicle/0.1% colour (colour Heliogen Blue D6840 (ex BASF) or Novoperm Red F3RK/70 (ex Hoechst) ) .
24.95% titania/75% vehicle/0.05% colour (colour = Irgalite Green GLN or Irgalite Orange F2G (both ex CIBA Geigy) .
In general terms, we would suggest a formula of: 10-40% opaque pigment, with 20-40% preferred, 0.01-5% coloured pigment with 0.02-0.20% preferred.
All formulae are for litho, letterpress and intaglio inks .
Figure 4 shows a cross -section through a security document 1 which has been laminated between two sheets of laminating film 13,14. Sheet 13 at least is transparent so that the security document 1 may be seen.
These laminating films are widely available and typically comprise a thin polyester or PVC film covered on one side with an adhesive. The adhesive bonds to the substrate, in this case the security document, with the application of either heat or pressure, depending on the
adhesive. Suitable laminating films are available from Capsulam International Limited.
The laminating films 13, 14. may also be deposited using a liquid laminating process, wherein the security document is coated with a layer of the liquid laminate, which is then cured in situ to form a solid lamination.
Two sheets of either thermal or pressure sensitive laminating film may be combined to form a pouch within which the security document is encapsulated. Such a pouch 15, pre-formed from two sheets of thermal or pressure sensitive laminating film 16,17 is shown in Figure 5. The security document 1 is inserted into the pouch 15, the sheets of laminating film 16,17 brought together and heat or pressure applied to the pouch 15 as appropriate. Sheet 16 at least is transparent so that the security document 1 is visible.